JP4744164B2 - Development device - Google Patents

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JP4744164B2
JP4744164B2 JP2005054991A JP2005054991A JP4744164B2 JP 4744164 B2 JP4744164 B2 JP 4744164B2 JP 2005054991 A JP2005054991 A JP 2005054991A JP 2005054991 A JP2005054991 A JP 2005054991A JP 4744164 B2 JP4744164 B2 JP 4744164B2
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toner
developer
layer thickness
external additive
regulating member
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JP2006243057A (en
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実 和田
寿 向高
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Kyocera Document Solutions Inc
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Kyocera Mita Corp
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Description

本発明は、複写機、プリンタ、又はファクシミリ装置等の電子写真プロセスを用いた画像形成装置で用いられる現像装置に関し、特に、一成分現像剤を用いた現像装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a developing device used in an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic process such as a copying machine, a printer, or a facsimile machine, and more particularly to a developing device using a one-component developer.

一般に、一成分現像剤（トナー）を用いる現像装置においては、トナー供給ローラ等の供給部材によって、現像剤担持体（例えば、現像ローラ）に供給されたトナーを規制部材（層厚規制部材）によって層厚規制するとともにトナーを荷電させて、現像剤担持体上にトナー薄層を形成して、トナー薄層を、感光体ドラム等の像担持体に近接又は接触させて、像担持体上の静電潜像を現像している。そして、静電潜像を良好に現像するためには、つまり、現像不良を防止するためには、トナーを良好に帯電させる必要がある。   In general, in a developing device that uses a one-component developer (toner), toner supplied to a developer carrier (for example, a developing roller) is supplied by a regulating member (layer thickness regulating member) by a feeding member such as a toner feeding roller. The layer thickness is regulated and the toner is charged to form a toner thin layer on the developer carrier, and the toner thin layer is brought close to or in contact with the image carrier such as a photosensitive drum, so that The electrostatic latent image is being developed. In order to develop the electrostatic latent image satisfactorily, that is, to prevent development failure, it is necessary to charge the toner satisfactorily.

この種の現像装置においては、規制部材として、ＳＵＳ又は燐青銅等の金属部材を用いたものが知られており、さらには、シリコンゴム又はウレタン等の弾性部材を用いたものが知られている。そして、正帯電トナーを用いた現像装置においては、一般に、規制部材として、シリコンゴム又はウレタンが用いられ、例えば、無色透明の荷電制御樹脂を含有するトナーを使用するとともに、層厚規制ブレードのトナーと接触する押圧部をシリコンゴムにより形成し、これによって、供給ローラから供給されるトナーを、現像ローラ上で層厚規制ブレードによって十分に摩擦帯電して、一定厚さの薄層として担持するようにしたものがある（特許文献１参照）。   In this type of developing device, a member using a metal member such as SUS or phosphor bronze is known as a regulating member, and further, a member using an elastic member such as silicon rubber or urethane is known. . In a developing device using a positively charged toner, silicon rubber or urethane is generally used as a regulating member. For example, toner containing a colorless and transparent charge control resin is used, and toner of a layer thickness regulating blade is used. The pressing portion that comes into contact with the toner is formed of silicon rubber, so that the toner supplied from the supply roller is sufficiently frictionally charged on the developing roller by the layer thickness regulating blade so as to be carried as a thin layer having a constant thickness. (See Patent Document 1).

さらに、層厚規制ブレードの押圧部分をウレタンゴムによって形成するとともに、現像ローラのローラ部分をシリコンゴムにより形成して、層厚規制ブレードと現像ローラとの間において、トナーが２層以内となるようにして、帯電性付与能力の高いシリコンゴムからなる現像ローラの表面に、トナーをより多く接触させて、トナーの帯電を良好にするようにしたものがある（特許文献２参照）。   Further, the pressing portion of the layer thickness regulating blade is made of urethane rubber, and the roller portion of the developing roller is made of silicon rubber so that the toner is within two layers between the layer thickness regulating blade and the developing roller. In some cases, toner is brought into contact with the surface of a developing roller made of silicon rubber having a high chargeability-imparting ability so that the toner is charged well (see Patent Document 2).

加えて、トナーを長期にわたって適切に帯電するため、トナーを像担持体に搬送するトナー担持体の表面にトナー規制部材を圧接させ、このトナー規制部材によりトナー担持体の表面におけるトナーの量を規制するととともに、トナー担持体の表面におけるトナーを摩擦帯電させるようにして、トナーと接触するトナー規制部材の少なくとも表面を窒化チタンでコーティングするようにしたものがある（特許文献３）。   In addition, in order to properly charge the toner over a long period of time, a toner regulating member is pressed against the surface of the toner carrying body that conveys the toner to the image carrying body, and the amount of toner on the surface of the toner carrying body is regulated by the toner regulating member. At the same time, there is one in which the toner on the surface of the toner carrier is triboelectrically charged, and at least the surface of the toner regulating member that contacts the toner is coated with titanium nitride (Patent Document 3).

特開２０００−２５８９９５公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-258995 特開２００１−１００５１９公報JP 2001-100519 A 特開２００１−１３７８２公報JP 2001-13782 A

ところで、近年の環境意識の高まりから、従来、使い捨てであった１成分現像装置についても、トナーを追加補給して長寿命とする必要性が高まってきているものの、特許文献１又は２のように、トナー規制部材にシリコンゴム又はウレタンを用いると、規制部材の耐久性が悪く、長期期間の使用によって規制部材が削れてしまい、安定したトナー層を得ることができず、画像不良が生じるという課題がある。   By the way, with the recent increase in environmental awareness, there is an increasing need for a one-component developing device that has been disposable in the past to replenish toner for a long life, but as in Patent Document 1 or 2 When silicone rubber or urethane is used for the toner regulating member, the durability of the regulating member is poor, and the regulating member is scraped off due to long-term use, and a stable toner layer cannot be obtained, resulting in image defects. There is.

一方、負帯電トナーを用いた１成分現像装置で用いられるＳＵＳ又は燐青銅を、規制部材として正帯電トナーを用いた一成分現像装置に用いると、規制部材の材質が金属であるため、耐久性は向上するものの、正帯電トナーを十分に荷電することが難しく、カブリ等の画像不良を起こしてしまう。   On the other hand, when SUS or phosphor bronze used in a one-component developing device using a negatively charged toner is used in a one-component developing device using a positively charged toner as a restricting member, the material of the restricting member is metal, so durability However, it is difficult to sufficiently charge the positively charged toner, which causes image defects such as fogging.

また、特許文献３に記載の現像装置では、トナーと接触するトナー規制部材の少なくとも表面を窒化チタンでコーティングするようにしているものの、窒化チタンのコーティングという工程が増えて、結果的にコストアップの要因となってしまうばかりでなく、コーティング層が削れてしまうと、トナーとの摩擦が急激に変化して、画像不良の原因となることがある。   Further, in the developing device described in Patent Document 3, although at least the surface of the toner regulating member that comes into contact with the toner is coated with titanium nitride, the number of steps of titanium nitride coating increases, resulting in an increase in cost. In addition to being a factor, if the coating layer is scraped, friction with the toner may change abruptly and cause image defects.

いずれにしても、特許文献１〜３に記載の現像装置においては、安価でしかも長期間に亘る耐久性を有して、良好にトナーを帯電できないという課題がある。   In any case, the developing devices described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have a problem that they are inexpensive and durable for a long period of time, and the toner cannot be charged well.

上記の課題を解決するため、本発明は、安価でしかも長期間に亘る耐久性を有して、良好にトナーを帯電することのできる現像装置を提供することを目的とする。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a developing device that is inexpensive and has durability for a long period of time and can charge a toner satisfactorily.

上記の課題を解決するため本発明は、一成分現像剤を担持して像担持体上の静電潜像を現像して可視像とする現像剤担持体と、前記現像剤担持体上の現像剤の層厚規制を行うとともに押圧部を前記現像剤担持体上の現像剤に接触させることにより、前記現像剤を摩擦により正帯電させる層厚規制部材とを有する現像装置において、前記現像剤は外添剤が外添された正帯電トナーであって、前記外添剤は少なくとも疎水性シリカを含み、前記現像剤担持体はウレタン系コート材がコーティングされて所定の表面粗さを有し、前記層厚規制部材が、純チタン製又はチタン合金製であり、前記層厚規定部材との摩擦によって帯電量の絶対値が、前記層厚規制部材との摩擦による外添剤帯電量の絶対値と前記正帯電トナー１００ｇに対する外添剤添加量の積の総和が２．０μＣ以下となる外添剤を用いるようにしたことを特徴とするものである。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a developer carrier that carries a one-component developer and develops an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier to form a visible image, and a developer carrier on the developer carrier. A developer having a layer thickness regulating member that regulates the developer layer thickness and positively charges the developer by friction by bringing a pressing portion into contact with the developer on the developer carrying member. Is a positively charged toner to which an external additive has been externally added, wherein the external additive contains at least hydrophobic silica, and the developer carrier is coated with a urethane coating material and has a predetermined surface roughness. The layer thickness regulating member is made of pure titanium or titanium alloy, and the absolute value of the charge amount due to friction with the layer thickness regulating member is the absolute value of the charge amount of the external additive due to friction with the layer thickness regulating member. Value and addition of external additives to 100 g of the positively charged toner The sum of the products is characterized in that it has to use an external additive to be less 2.0MyuC.

以上のように、本発明の現像装置は、現像剤として外添剤が外添された正帯電トナーを用いて、外添剤が少なくとも疎水性シリカを含み、現像剤担持体はウレタン系コート材がコーティングされて所定の表面粗さを有し、層厚規制部材の材料として純チタン製又はチタン合金を用いるようにしたので、層厚規制部材のコーティング等の工程が不要となって、しかも純チタン製又はチタン合金はシリコンゴム又はウレタンゴムに比べて耐久性があり、長期間に亘って安定して現像を行うことができるという効果がある。   As described above, the developing device of the present invention uses a positively charged toner to which an external additive is externally added as a developer, the external additive includes at least hydrophobic silica, and the developer carrying member is a urethane-based coating material. Is coated with pure titanium or a titanium alloy as the material for the layer thickness regulating member, so that steps such as coating of the layer thickness regulating member are not required, and Titanium or a titanium alloy is more durable than silicon rubber or urethane rubber, and has an effect that development can be performed stably over a long period of time.

本発明では、外添剤として層厚規定部材との摩擦によって帯電量の絶対値が予め定められた帯電量以下の外添剤を用いるようにしたので、層厚規制部材と外添剤とが摩擦帯電をして外添剤が層厚規制部材に付着することがなく、正常なトナー層の形成が阻害されることがないという効果がある。   In the present invention, the external additive having an absolute value of the charge amount equal to or less than a predetermined charge amount by friction with the layer thickness defining member is used as the external additive. There is an effect that the external additive does not adhere to the layer thickness regulating member due to frictional charging, and the formation of a normal toner layer is not hindered.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の好適な実施例を例示的に詳しく説明する。但しこの実施例に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対的配置等は特に特定的な記載がない限りは、この発明の範囲をそれに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例に過ぎない。   Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Not too much.

図１は本発明の一実施例による現像装置を概略的に示す図であり、この現像装置１４は画像形成装置とともに用いられる。図示はしないが、画像形成装置は、例えば、像担持体（感光体ドラム）、レーザスキャニングユニット、帯電部材、及び現像装置１４を有している。現像装置１４は現像容器１５、トナー供給ローラ１６、及び現像ローラ（現像剤担持体）１７を有しており、現像ローラ１７は現像位置で感光体ドラムと対面して、感光体ドラム上の静電潜像を現像し、感光体ドラム上にトナー像を形成する。   FIG. 1 schematically shows a developing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and this developing device 14 is used together with an image forming apparatus. Although not shown, the image forming apparatus includes, for example, an image carrier (photosensitive drum), a laser scanning unit, a charging member, and a developing device 14. The developing device 14 includes a developing container 15, a toner supply roller 16, and a developing roller (developer carrying member) 17. The developing roller 17 faces the photosensitive drum at the developing position and is static on the photosensitive drum. The electrostatic latent image is developed to form a toner image on the photosensitive drum.

感光体ドラム上のトナー像は、例えば、給紙カセットから給紙経路を介して記録用紙（以下単に用紙と呼ぶ）に転写される。そして、用紙は定着装置に搬送されて、ここで用紙上のトナー像が定着され、用紙は排紙経路を通って排紙トレイに排紙される。   For example, the toner image on the photosensitive drum is transferred to a recording sheet (hereinafter simply referred to as a sheet) from a sheet feeding cassette via a sheet feeding path. Then, the sheet is conveyed to a fixing device, where a toner image on the sheet is fixed, and the sheet is discharged to a discharge tray through a discharge path.

現像容器１５はトナー収納部１５ａとローラ収納部１５ｂとに別れ、トナー収納部１５ａとローラ収納部１５ｂとは開口部１５ｃで連通している。トナー収納部１５ａにはトナー収納容器１５ｄが収納され、このトナー収納容器１５ｄは現像容器１５から分離可能となっている。つまり、トナーを補給する際には、トナー収納容器１５ｄをトナー収納部１５ａから引き抜いて、トナー収納容器１５ｄにトナーを補給した後、トナー収納部１５ａにトナー収納容器１５ｄを装着する。   The developing container 15 is divided into a toner storage portion 15a and a roller storage portion 15b, and the toner storage portion 15a and the roller storage portion 15b communicate with each other through an opening 15c. A toner storage container 15d is stored in the toner storage portion 15a, and the toner storage container 15d can be separated from the developing container 15. That is, when replenishing toner, the toner container 15d is pulled out of the toner container 15a, and the toner container 15d is replenished with toner, and then the toner container 15d is mounted in the toner container 15a.

トナー収納容器１５ｄにはトナー排出口１５ｅを規定するリブ部１５ｆが形成され、トナー収納容器１５ｄ内のトナーは、トナー収納容器１５ｄ内に備えられた攪拌部材３０によって攪拌されつつ（この攪拌部材３０として、例えば、回転軸にＰＥＴフィルムを貼り付けたものを用いた）、排出口１５ｅ及び開口部１５ｃを介して、供給ローラ１６及び現像ローラ１７が配置されたローラ収納部１５ｂ側に搬送されて、供給ローラ１６によって現像ローラ１７に供給される。そして、現像ローラ１７上のトナー層は層厚規制部材３１によって層厚規制されるとともに帯電されて（正帯電）、現像ローラ１７によって感光体ドラム上の静電潜像が現像される。   The toner storage container 15d is formed with a rib portion 15f that defines a toner discharge port 15e. The toner in the toner storage container 15d is stirred by the stirring member 30 provided in the toner storage container 15d (this stirring member 30). For example, a PET film attached to a rotating shaft is used), and is conveyed to the side of the roller storage portion 15b where the supply roller 16 and the developing roller 17 are disposed through the discharge port 15e and the opening portion 15c. , And supplied to the developing roller 17 by the supply roller 16. The toner layer on the developing roller 17 is regulated by the layer thickness regulating member 31 and charged (positive charging), and the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum is developed by the developing roller 17.

なお、現像ローラ１７と現像容器１５との間にはシール部材３２が配設され、このシール部材３２によってトナー漏れを防止している。また、ローラ収納部１５ｂ側において、リブ部１５ｆには逆流防止弁１５ｇがトナー排出口１５ｅを塞ぐようにして配設される。これによって、攪拌部材３０と逆流防止弁１５ｇが直接当たらないようにしている。そして、逆流防止弁１５ｇは、攪拌部材３０によって押されたトナーの粉圧によって、図１の上側に位置する自由端が開閉するようになっており、下側の固定端は両面テープでリブ部１５ｆに固定されている（逆流防止弁１５ｇとして、例えば、厚さ５０μｍのＰＥＴフィルムが用いられる）。   A seal member 32 is disposed between the developing roller 17 and the developing container 15, and this seal member 32 prevents toner leakage. On the roller storage portion 15b side, a backflow prevention valve 15g is disposed on the rib portion 15f so as to block the toner discharge port 15e. This prevents the stirring member 30 and the backflow prevention valve 15g from directly contacting each other. The backflow prevention valve 15g is configured such that the free end positioned on the upper side in FIG. 1 is opened and closed by the powder pressure of the toner pushed by the stirring member 30, and the lower fixed end is a rib portion with a double-sided tape. (For example, a PET film having a thickness of 50 μm is used as the backflow prevention valve 15g).

図示の例では、トナー供給ローラ１６として、抵抗値１Ｅ＋８Ωのウレタンスポンジローラを用い、現像ローラ１７との接触ニップが３ｍｍになるようにしている。また、層厚規制部材３１としては、例えば、０．１ｍｍの純チタン箔を用いてその規制圧２５Ｎ／ｍに設定し、シール部材３２として導電性のフィルムを用い、均一に現像ローラに接触するようにウレタンスポンジでバックアップするようにしている。また、現像を行う際には、感光体ドラムと現像ローラ１７との距離を１５０μｍに設定し、バイアス条件としては矩形波の周波数（２．０ｋＨｚ）、Ｖｐｐ（１．６ｋＶ）、Ｖｄｃ（２５０Ｖ）、ｄｕｔｙ（３８％）の現像バイアスを印加する。   In the illustrated example, a urethane sponge roller having a resistance value of 1E + 8Ω is used as the toner supply roller 16, and the contact nip with the developing roller 17 is 3 mm. Further, as the layer thickness regulating member 31, for example, a 0.1 mm pure titanium foil is used and the regulation pressure is set to 25 N / m, and a conductive film is used as the sealing member 32, and the developer roller is uniformly contacted. So that it is backed up with urethane sponge. When developing, the distance between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller 17 is set to 150 μm, and the bias conditions are a rectangular wave frequency (2.0 kHz), Vpp (1.6 kV), and Vdc (250 V). , A development bias of 38% duty is applied.

ところで、前述のように、現像ローラ１７上のトナー層は、層厚規制部材３１によって層厚規制され、この際、トナーと層厚規制部材３１との摩擦によってトナーは正帯電する。そして、トナーの帯電が不十分であると、感光体ドラム上の静電潜像を現像する際、画像不良が発生してしまう。さらに、前述したように、現像装置を耐久化するためには、層厚規制部材自体の耐久性を増す必要がある。ここでは、このような要請に答えるため、次のように層厚規制部材３１を構成した。   As described above, the toner layer on the developing roller 17 is regulated by the layer thickness regulating member 31. At this time, the toner is positively charged by the friction between the toner and the layer thickness regulating member 31. If the toner is insufficiently charged, an image defect occurs when developing the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum. Furthermore, as described above, in order to make the developing device durable, it is necessary to increase the durability of the layer thickness regulating member itself. Here, in order to respond to such a request, the layer thickness regulating member 31 is configured as follows.

この例では、規制部材３１として、例えば、神戸製鋼製の純チタン箔（ＪＩＳ２種：厚み０．１ｍｍ）を用いて、その規制圧を２５Ｎ／ｍに設定した。また、現像ローラ１７として、例えば、日東工業製の現像ローラを用い、この現像ローラ１７は、シリコンゴム（抵抗値：１Ｅ＋３Ω）のベース層（厚さ：１ｍｍ）上にフッ素含有のシリコン変性ウレタンコート材（ＦＬ−４５Ｂ）を、厚さ１０μｍでコーティングしている（ＪＩＳ−Ａ硬度４５度、抵抗値を１Ｅ＋６Ω、表面粗さＲａ１．０μｍとした：以下この現像ローラをＡとする）。   In this example, as the regulating member 31, for example, pure titanium foil (JIS 2 type: thickness 0.1 mm) made by Kobe Steel was used, and the regulating pressure was set to 25 N / m. Further, as the developing roller 17, for example, a developing roller manufactured by Nitto Kogyo Co., Ltd. is used. This developing roller 17 is a silicon-modified urethane coating containing fluorine on a base layer (thickness: 1 mm) of silicon rubber (resistance value: 1E + 3Ω). The material (FL-45B) is coated with a thickness of 10 μm (JIS-A hardness 45 degrees, resistance value 1E + 6Ω, surface roughness Ra 1.0 μm: hereinafter, this developing roller is referred to as A).

また、トナーとして、日本ゼオン製の正帯電性重合トナー試作品（ＫＭ０１２Ｍ）を母材として、疎水性シリカＲＡ２００ＨＳ（日本アエロジル製，表面材料（疎水化剤）：ＨＭＤＳ（ヘキサメチルジシラザン）＋ＡＳ（アミノシラン））を０．４％、疎水性シリカＮＡ５０Ｈ（日本アエロジル製，表面材料：ＨＭＤＳ＋ＡＳ）を０．８％、酸化チタンＥＣ−１００（チタン工業製，表面材料：ＳｎＯ２−Ｓｂ）を１．０％ヘンシェルミキサーで外添処理したものを用いた。そして、層厚規制後のトナー溜りについては、外部駆動装置で現像ローラ周速が２４０ｍｍ／ｓになるように１分間回転させ、層厚規制後にトナー溜りができていないか目視確認を行い、層厚規制後にトナー溜りが確認されたものについては×、確認されなかったものについては○とした。 Further, as a toner, a positively chargeable polymerization toner prototype (KM012M) manufactured by Nippon Zeon was used as a base material, and hydrophobic silica RA200HS (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil, surface material (hydrophobizing agent): HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane) + AS ( Aminosilane)) 0.4%, hydrophobic silica NA50H (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil, surface material: HMDS + AS) 0.8%, titanium oxide EC-100 (titanium industry, surface material: SnO 2 —Sb) What was externally added with a 0% Henschel mixer was used. The toner pool after the regulation of the layer thickness is rotated by an external drive device for 1 minute so that the peripheral speed of the developing roller is 240 mm / s. After the regulation of the layer thickness, it is visually checked whether the toner pool is formed. The case where toner accumulation was confirmed after thickness regulation was marked with ×, and the case where toner accumulation was not confirmed was marked with ○.

一方、トナー層の帯電量をＴＲＥＫ社製のＱＭメータ（２１０ＨＳ−２Ａ）で測定して、画像の初期カブリ及び耐久後のトナー層乱れの評価について、図１で説明した現像装置を搭載可能に改造した複写機ＬＳ−Ｃ８００８Ｎを用いて２００００枚の画像を形成して、背景部のカブリに目視上問題がある場合を×、目視上問題ない場合を○、耐久後の現像ローラ上のトナー層乱れによって画像ノイズが生じた場合を×、画像ノイズが生じなかった場合を○とした。その結果を実施例１として図２に示す。なお、トナー層帯電量については、現像ローラ周速を２４０ｍｍ／ｓで１分間回転させた際の現像ローラ表面のトナー層を吸引して、その電荷量をＱＭメータで測定し、吸引したトナーの重量を電子天秤で測定し、電荷量（μＣ）／重量（ｇ）から算出した。その際には、規制ブレードに＋１００Ｖ、現像ローラは０Ｖの電圧を印加した。   On the other hand, the charge amount of the toner layer is measured by a QRE meter (210HS-2A) manufactured by TREK, and the developing device described in FIG. 1 can be mounted for evaluating the initial fog of the image and the toner layer disturbance after the durability. When a modified copying machine LS-C8008N is used to form 20000 sheets of images, “X” indicates that there is a visual problem in fog in the background portion, “◯” indicates that there is no visual problem, and toner layer on the developing roller after durability The case where image noise was generated due to disturbance was indicated as x, and the case where image noise was not generated was indicated as ◯. The result is shown in FIG. As for the toner layer charge amount, the toner layer on the surface of the developing roller is sucked when the peripheral speed of the developing roller is rotated at 240 mm / s for 1 minute, and the charge amount is measured with a QM meter. The weight was measured with an electronic balance and calculated from the charge amount (μC) / weight (g). At that time, a voltage of +100 V was applied to the regulating blade and 0 V was applied to the developing roller.

さらに、上記の実施例１の現像ローラのコート材の代わりに、フッ素を含有しないウレタンコート材を１０μｍの厚さコーティング現像ローラ（ＪＩＳ−Ａ硬度４５度、抵抗値を１Ｅ＋６Ω、表面粗さＲａ１．０μｍ（日東工業製）、以下現像ローラＢとする）を用いて実施例１と同様の実験を行った。その結果を実施例２として図２に示す。   Further, instead of the coating material of the developing roller of Example 1 above, a urethane coating material containing no fluorine is coated with a 10 μm thick coating developing roller (JIS-A hardness 45 °, resistance value 1E + 6Ω, surface roughness Ra1. The same experiment as in Example 1 was performed using 0 μm (manufactured by Nitto Kogyo Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as developing roller B). The results are shown in FIG.

同様にして、層厚規制部材３１として神戸製鋼製のチタン合金箔（Ｔｉ−１５Ｖ−３Ｃｒ−３Ｓｎ−３Ａｌ：厚み０．１ｍｍ）を用い、規制圧を２５Ｎ／ｍに設定して、現像ローラＡを用いて、実施例１と同様に実験を行った。その結果を実施例３として図２に示す。また、実施例３で用いた現像ローラＡを現像ローラＢに代えて、他の構成は実施例３と同様にして実験を行った。その結果を実施例４として図２に示す。   Similarly, a titanium alloy foil (Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al: thickness 0.1 mm) made by Kobe Steel is used as the layer thickness regulating member 31, and the regulating pressure is set to 25 N / m, and the developing roller A The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. Further, the developing roller A used in Example 3 was replaced with the developing roller B, and the other configurations were tested in the same manner as in Example 3. The results are shown in FIG.

比較のため、層厚規制部材３１としてＳＵＳ３０４の厚さ０．１ｍｍ箔を用い、その規制圧を２５Ｎ／ｍに設定して、現像ローラＡを用い、他の構成は実施例１と同様にして実験を行った。その結果を比較例１として図２に示す。また、比較例１で用いた現像ローラＡを現像ローラＢに代えて、他の構成は比較例１と同様にして実験を行った。その結果を比較例２として図２に示す。   For comparison, a 0.1 mm thick SUS304 foil is used as the layer thickness regulating member 31, the regulating pressure is set to 25 N / m, the developing roller A is used, and other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment. The experiment was conducted. The result is shown in FIG. Also, the developing roller A used in Comparative Example 1 was replaced with the developing roller B, and the other configurations were tested in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in FIG.

さらに、層厚規制部材３１としてＳＵＳ３０４の厚さ０．０８ｍｍ箔を用い、層厚規制部材３１の規制ニップ部分に１ｍｍ厚のウレタンゴムシートを貼り付けて、規制圧を２５Ｎ／ｍに設定し、現像ローラＡを用いて比較例１と同様にして実験を行った。その結果を比較例３として図２に示す。そして、比較例３で用いた現像ローラＡを現像ローラＢに代えて、他の構成は比較例３と同様にとして実験を行った。その結果を比較例４として図２に示す。   Further, a SUS304 thickness 0.08 mm foil is used as the layer thickness regulating member 31, a 1 mm thick urethane rubber sheet is attached to the regulating nip portion of the layer thickness regulating member 31, and the regulating pressure is set to 25 N / m. An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 using the developing roller A. The result is shown in FIG. Then, the developing roller A used in Comparative Example 3 was replaced with the developing roller B, and the other configurations were the same as in Comparative Example 3, and the experiment was performed. The result is shown in FIG.

図２から明らかなように、実施例１〜４においては、規制後溜り、背景部カブリ、及び耐久後層乱れともに極めて良好であるが、比較例１においては、規制後溜り及び背景部カブリが生じてしまい、比較例２においては、背景部カブリが生じてしまう。つまり、比較例１及び２については画像不良が生じてしまう。一方、比較例３及び４については、耐久後層乱れが生じてしまうことが分かる。つまり、比較例３及び４については層厚規制部材３１の耐久性がない。   As is clear from FIG. 2, in Examples 1 to 4, the post-regulation accumulation, background fogging, and post-durability layer disturbance are very good. In Comparative Example 1, the post-regulation accumulation and background fogging are In Comparative Example 2, background fogging occurs. That is, an image defect occurs in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, it can be seen that the post-endurance layer disturbance occurs. That is, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the layer thickness regulating member 31 is not durable.

このように、純チタン又はチタン合金製の層厚規制部材３１を用いると、規制後溜り及び背景部カブリが生じることがなく、しかも耐久後の層乱れも生じない。つまり、純チタン又はチタン合金製の層厚規制部材３１を用いると、耐久性を有して画像不良が生じることがない。   As described above, when the layer thickness regulating member 31 made of pure titanium or titanium alloy is used, no post-regulation accumulation and background fogging occur, and no layer disturbance after durability occurs. That is, when the layer thickness regulating member 31 made of pure titanium or a titanium alloy is used, it has durability and image defects do not occur.

次に、純チタン製の層厚規制部材３１を用いてトナー外添組成を変化させて現像を行い、シール部材３２からのトナーコボレを観察した。なお、ここでは、現像ローラとして、上述の現像ローラＢを用いた。   Next, development was performed by changing the toner additive composition using a layer thickness regulating member 31 made of pure titanium, and toner blurring from the seal member 32 was observed. Here, the developing roller B described above was used as the developing roller.

実験１では、外添剤としてＲＡ２００ＨＳ、ＮＡ５０Ｈ、及びＥＣ−１００を用いて、その重量％をそれぞれ０．４，０．８，及び１．０として、外部駆動装置で現像ローラ１７の周速が２４０ｍｍ／ｓになるようにし、１分間回転させた際のシール部材３２の手前からのトナーコボレを評価した。実験２では、ＮＡ５０Ｈの外添量を０．８％から１．２％に増加して、実験１と同様にして実験を行った。実験３では、ＮＡ５０Ｈの代わりにＲＸ５０（日本アエロジル製，表面材料：ＨＭＤＳ）を０．８％外添して、実験１と同様にして実験を行った。   In Experiment 1, RA200HS, NA50H, and EC-100 were used as external additives, and their weight percentages were set to 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0, respectively, and the peripheral speed of the developing roller 17 was increased by an external driving device. The toner blurring from the front of the sealing member 32 when rotating for 1 minute at 240 mm / s was evaluated. In Experiment 2, the amount of external addition of NA50H was increased from 0.8% to 1.2%, and the experiment was performed in the same manner as Experiment 1. In experiment 3, 0.8% of RX50 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., surface material: HMDS) was externally added instead of NA50H, and the experiment was performed in the same manner as in experiment 1.

また、実験４では、ＮＡ５０Ｈの代わりにＲＸ５０（日本アエロジル製）０．４％を外添して、実験１と同様にして実験を行い、実験５では、ＲＡ２００ＨＳの外添量を０．４％から０．８％に増加して、実験１と同様にして実験を行った。さらに、実験６では、ＥＣ−１００の外添量を１．０％から１．５％に増加して、実験１と同様にして実験を行った。また、実験７では、外添剤としてＲＡ２００ＨＳ及びＮＡ５０Ｈを用いて、その重量％をそれぞれ０．２及び０．８として、実験１と同様にして実験を行った。その結果を図３に示す。図３において、コボレが発生した場合を×、コボレが発生しなかった場合を○で示している。   In Experiment 4, 0.4% RX50 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil) was added in place of NA50H, and the experiment was performed in the same manner as Experiment 1. In Experiment 5, the amount of RA200HS added was 0.4%. The experiment was carried out in the same manner as Experiment 1 with an increase from 0.8 to 0.8%. Further, in Experiment 6, the experiment was performed in the same manner as Experiment 1 with the EC-100 external addition amount increased from 1.0% to 1.5%. In Experiment 7, RA200HS and NA50H were used as external additives, and their weight percentages were 0.2 and 0.8, respectively. The result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the case where the blur has occurred is indicated by ×, and the case where the blur has not occurred is indicated by ◯.

続いて、外添剤の帯電量測定を行った。外添剤１０ｍｇを純チタン箔間で摩擦帯電させて外添剤の帯電量をＴＲＥＫ社製 ＱＭメータ（２１０ＨＳ−２Ａ）を用いて測定した。その結果を図３に示す。なお、外添剤の帯電量については、面積５０ｃｍ２程度の純チタン箔間に外添剤１０ｍｇを入れ、１ｋｇの荷重をかけて１０秒間のうちに移動距離１０ｍｍで２０往復擦り合わせて両側のチタン箔に付着した外添剤を吸引し、電荷量をＱＭメータで測定し、さらに、吸引したトナーの重量を電子天秤で測定して、電荷量（μＣ）／重量（ｇ）から算出した。 Subsequently, the charge amount of the external additive was measured. 10 mg of the external additive was frictionally charged between pure titanium foils, and the charge amount of the external additive was measured using a QM meter (210HS-2A) manufactured by TREK. The result is shown in FIG. As for the charge amount of the external additive, 10 mg of the external additive was put between pure titanium foils having an area of about 50 cm 2 , and a load of 1 kg was applied and rubbed back and forth 20 times at a moving distance of 10 mm within 10 seconds. The external additive adhering to the titanium foil was sucked, the charge amount was measured with a QM meter, and the weight of the sucked toner was measured with an electronic balance and calculated from the charge amount (μC) / weight (g).

図３から容易に理解できるように、チタンとの摩擦帯電量の絶対値が大きい外添剤（ＲＡ２００ＨＳ又はＲＸ５０）を増やすと、層厚規制部材と外添剤とが摩擦帯電をして外添剤が規制部材に付着してしまい、正常なトナー層が形成されず、シール部材３２におけるトナーコボレにつながることが分かった。純チタン製の層厚規制部材を使用するに当たっては、純チタンとの摩擦帯電において、あまり帯電しない外添剤を用いるのが望ましい。つまり、正帯電トナーを用いた際、外添剤として層厚規定部材３１との摩擦によって帯電量の絶対値が予め定められた帯電量（例えば、絶対値の総和が２．０μＣ／ｇ以下、より好ましくは１．５μＣ／ｇ以下）の外添剤を用いることが好ましい。そして、純チタンとの摩擦により、外添剤が帯電しない条件としては、純チタンとの仕事関数差が小さいこと又は仕事関数差が大きい場合であっても、外添剤の抵抗値が小さければよい。   As can be easily understood from FIG. 3, when the external additive (RA200HS or RX50) having a large absolute value of the triboelectric charge amount with titanium is increased, the layer thickness regulating member and the external additive are triboelectrically charged. It has been found that the agent adheres to the regulating member, and a normal toner layer is not formed, leading to toner blurring in the seal member 32. When using a layer thickness regulating member made of pure titanium, it is desirable to use an external additive that is not so charged in frictional charging with pure titanium. That is, when positively charged toner is used, the absolute value of the charge amount is determined by friction with the layer thickness defining member 31 as an external additive (for example, the sum of absolute values is 2.0 μC / g or less, More preferably, an external additive of 1.5 μC / g or less) is used. As a condition that the external additive is not charged due to friction with pure titanium, even if the work function difference from pure titanium is small or the work function difference is large, the resistance value of the external additive is small. Good.

層厚規制部材の材料として純チタン製又はチタン合金を用いるようにしたから、コーティング等の工程が不要となって、しかもシリコンゴム又はウレタンゴムに比べて耐久性があり、長期間に亘って安定して現像を行うことができる結果、環境負荷を改善する現像装置に適用できる。   Since pure titanium or titanium alloy is used as the material for the layer thickness regulating member, there is no need for a process such as coating, and it is more durable than silicon rubber or urethane rubber, and stable over a long period of time. As a result, it can be applied to a developing device that improves the environmental load.

本発明の一実施例による現像装置を概略的に示す断面図である。1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a developing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図１に示す層厚規制部材の材質を変更して画像不良及び耐久性を試験した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having tested the image defect and durability by changing the material of the layer thickness control member shown in FIG. 外添剤を変えて現像を行った際のトナーコボレ結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the toner blurring result at the time of developing by changing an external additive.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１４ 現像装置
１５ 現像容器
１６ トナー供給ローラ
１７ 現像ローラ
３０ トナー攪拌部材
３１ 層厚規制部材
３２ シール部材 14 developing device 15 developing container 16 toner supply roller 17 developing roller 30 toner stirring member 31 layer thickness regulating member 32 seal member

Claims (1)

一成分現像剤を担持して像担持体上の静電潜像を現像して可視像とする現像剤担持体と、前記現像剤担持体上の現像剤の層厚規制を行うとともに押圧部を前記現像剤担持体上の現像剤に接触させることにより、前記現像剤を摩擦により正帯電させる層厚規制部材とを有する現像装置において、
前記現像剤は外添剤が外添された正帯電トナーであって、前記外添剤は少なくとも疎水性シリカを含み、
前記現像剤担持体はウレタン系コート材がコーティングされて所定の表面粗さを有し、
前記層厚規制部材が、純チタン製又はチタン合金製であり、
前記層厚規定部材との摩擦によって帯電量の絶対値が、前記層厚規制部材との摩擦による外添剤帯電量の絶対値と前記正帯電トナー１００ｇに対する外添剤添加量の積の総和が２．０μＣ以下となる外添剤を用いるようにしたことを特徴とする現像装置。 A developer carrier that carries a one-component developer and develops an electrostatic latent image on the image carrier to form a visible image, and controls the layer thickness of the developer on the developer carrier and a pressing portion A layer thickness regulating member that positively charges the developer by friction by bringing the developer into contact with the developer on the developer carrying member,
The developer is a positively charged toner to which an external additive is externally added, and the external additive includes at least hydrophobic silica,
The developer carrier has a predetermined surface roughness coated with a urethane-based coating material,
The layer thickness regulating member is made of pure titanium or titanium alloy,
The absolute value of the charge amount due to friction with the layer thickness defining member is the sum of the product of the absolute value of the external additive charge amount due to friction with the layer thickness regulating member and the external additive addition amount with respect to 100 g of the positively charged toner. A developing apparatus characterized in that an external additive of 2.0 μC or less is used.
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JP5277542B2 (en) * 2007-01-18 2013-08-28 株式会社リコー Developing device, process unit, and image forming apparatus
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JP5244357B2 (en) * 2007-09-27 2013-07-24 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Developing device and image forming apparatus including the same
JP5162307B2 (en) * 2008-04-07 2013-03-13 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Developing device and image forming apparatus equipped with the same
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JP5766167B2 (en) * 2012-10-15 2015-08-19 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 Developing device and image forming apparatus equipped with the same

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