JP4721643B2 - 導電性被覆形成用組成物、それを用いた色素増感型光電池用電極及びその色素増感型光電池用電極を用いた光電池 - Google Patents
導電性被覆形成用組成物、それを用いた色素増感型光電池用電極及びその色素増感型光電池用電極を用いた光電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4721643B2 JP4721643B2 JP2004013711A JP2004013711A JP4721643B2 JP 4721643 B2 JP4721643 B2 JP 4721643B2 JP 2004013711 A JP2004013711 A JP 2004013711A JP 2004013711 A JP2004013711 A JP 2004013711A JP 4721643 B2 JP4721643 B2 JP 4721643B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Description
しかしながら、このシステムは生物サイクルに依存するため、アモルファスシリコン太陽電池のように長期間にわたって安定した出力を供給することはできないという欠点がある。
一方、球の体積は、その直径をdとすると
V=(π/6)d3
であるから、上記の粒体の球体換算平均粒子径は、
(π/6)d3=S・l
d=[(6/π)・S・l]1/3
になる。
本発明の(A)成分として用いられる炭素材料は、電極表面に導電性を付与して電気抵抗を低下させるとともに、イオン性電解液と接する界面で用いたときに酸化還元反応の活性を高めるためのものである。また、この炭素材料は、化学的、電気化学的に安定な性質から電極表面を保護する役割も果たしている。
本発明における(A)成分と(B)成分の含有割合は、1:2ないし1:10の範囲が選ばれる。
図1及び図2は上記導電性被覆形成用組成物を電極基板の表面に被覆して作製した電極の積層構造の例を示したものである。すなわち、ガラス、プラスチックなどの支持体1の上に電気的非抵抗の十分に小さい導電性材料の層2が形成された電極基板に、上記の導電性被覆形成用組成物の薄層が積層されている。この組成物の薄層は、(A)成分の炭素材料と(C)成分の高分子バインダーからなるマトリックス3の中に、金属カルコゲニドの微粒子4が分散された構造となっている。図1では、金属カルコゲニドは、薄層の全体に均一に分布している。また、図2では、金属カルコゲニドは、薄層の表面により多く分布している。図2の構造では、電極の表面に凹凸を生じ、表面粗さ係数(roughness factor)が高くなっている。
この高分子バインダー成分は、(A)成分の炭素材料と(B)成分の金属カルコゲニドを基板上に密着性よく固定化するための接着剤としての役割を果たしている。
また、導電性組成物の薄層には、所望に応じ通常ゴムプラスチック分野で使用されている加工助剤、滑剤、導電性付与剤、溶融粘度調節剤、可塑剤、液状ポリマー、タック剤、充填剤などの配合剤を、導電性が維持できる範囲で添加してもよい。
また、この導電性組成物の薄層は、その下地にある電極基板の導電層の表面を60%以上、特に80%以上の被覆率で覆っていることが特に好ましい。最も好ましいのは被覆率が実質的に100%であることである。この被覆率は、レーザー光学顕微鏡、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)、プローブ顕微鏡などを用いて表面の構造を観察し、炭素材料が導電膜を覆う投影面積の割合を算出する方法で求めることができる。またSEM−EDXによる表面元素分析によって炭素の元素比率を求めて被覆率を評価することもできる。
表1に、この実施例で調製した各種の導電性組成物の内容と、その組成物を対極表面に用いて作った電池の性能を示す。表1には、電池の光電変換性能を示す光電流とエネルギー変換効率に加えて、導電性組成物を導電膜として担持したITO−PET対極における導電膜のITO表面への密着強度も示した。密着強度は粘着テープを使った耐剥離性試験によって、1(強い)、2(中程度)、3(不良)の3段階で評価した。
これに対して、本発明の導電性被覆形成用組成物を担持した電池では、いずれも光電流が改善され、基本的な光電変換機能が得られた。
2 導電膜
3 導電性薄層
4 無機微粒子
Claims (18)
- 色素増感型光電池用電極の導電性電極基板上に担持される導電性被覆形成用組成物であって、(A)一次粒子の球体換算平均粒子径5〜500nmである炭素材料と、(B)一次粒子の球体換算平均粒子径5〜500nmの金属カルコゲニドからなる無機微粒子成分及び(C)高分子バインダー成分を含有することを特徴とする導電性被覆形成用組成物。
- (C)成分の含有量が組成物全量の質量に基づき5〜65質量%の範囲内である請求項1記載の導電性被覆形成用組成物。
- (A)成分が微粒状黒鉛又はカーボンナノチューブあるいはこれらの混合物である請求項1記載の導電性被覆形成用組成物。
- (B)成分が金属酸化物である請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の導電性被覆形成用組成物。
- 金属酸化物が半導体である請求項4記載の導電性被覆形成用組成物。
- 金属酸化物が酸化チタンである請求項4又は5記載の導電性被覆形成用組成物。
- (C)成分が導電性高分子である請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の導電性被覆形成用組成物。
- 導電性高分子がポリチオフェン誘導体である請求項7記載の導電性被覆形成用組成物。
- (A)一次粒子の球体換算平均粒子径5〜500nmである炭素材料と、(B)一次粒子の球体換算平均粒子径5〜500nmの金属カルコゲニドからなる無機微粒子成分及び(C)高分子バインダー成分を含有する導電性被覆形成用組成物の薄層を導電性電極基板上に担持させたことを特徴とする色素増感型光電池用電極。
- (C)成分の含有量が組成物全量の質量に基づき5〜65質量%の範囲内である請求項9記載の色素増感型光電池用電極。
- (A)成分が微粒状黒鉛又はカーボンナノチューブあるいはこれらの混合物である請求項9又は10記載の色素増感型光電池用電極。
- (B)成分が金属酸化物である請求項9ないし11のいずれかに記載の色素増感型光電池用電極。
- 金属酸化物が半導体である請求項12記載の色素増感型光電池用電極。
- 半導体が酸化チタンである請求項12又は13記載の色素増感型光電池用電極。
- (C)成分がポリチオフェン誘導体である請求項9ないし14のいずれかに記載の色素増感型光電池用電極。
- 導電性電極基板が酸化スズ及び酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)の中から選ばれた透明導電層である請求項9ないし15のいずれかに記載の色素増感型光電池用電極。
- 導電性電極基板がプラスチックを支持体とするプラスチック電極である請求項9ないし16記載の色素増感型光電池用電極。
- プラスチック電極と色素増感半導体電極との間に、イオン導電性電解質層を間挿させて構成された色素増感型光電池において、上記プラスチック電極として請求項17記載の色素増感型光電池用電極を用いたことを特徴とする光電池。
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WO2005088288A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | カーボンナノチューブバイオセンサ |
JP4843904B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-12 | 2011-12-21 | ソニー株式会社 | 光電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
JP4562467B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-10 | 2010-10-13 | ペクセル・テクノロジーズ株式会社 | 半導体ナノ粒子を含む粘性分散液 |
JP2007165193A (ja) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-28 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | 電子放出源及びその製造方法 |
KR100854712B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-08-27 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 탄소소재층을 포함하는 염료감응 태양전지용 상대전극 및이의 제조방법 |
JP5181173B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-27 | 2013-04-10 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | 光蓄電池及び光蓄電電極の製造方法 |
US7899552B2 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2011-03-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Conductive composite electrode material |
WO2009055186A2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-30 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Fibrous electrode material |
JP5386822B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2014-01-15 | 東レ株式会社 | 透明導電性フィルム、その製造方法 |
WO2012040893A1 (zh) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-05 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 导电聚合物-碳材料复合对电极及其制备方法 |
JP2013093174A (ja) * | 2011-10-25 | 2013-05-16 | Rohm Co Ltd | 色素増感光電変換素子およびその製造方法 |
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JP2002298936A (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-11 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 光電変換素子、及びその製造方法 |
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