JP4717035B2 - 通信ネットワークにおけるアセットの位置を識別するための方法 - Google Patents
通信ネットワークにおけるアセットの位置を識別するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4717035B2 JP4717035B2 JP2007184082A JP2007184082A JP4717035B2 JP 4717035 B2 JP4717035 B2 JP 4717035B2 JP 2007184082 A JP2007184082 A JP 2007184082A JP 2007184082 A JP2007184082 A JP 2007184082A JP 4717035 B2 JP4717035 B2 JP 4717035B2
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Description
本発明は、無線の又は部分的に無線の通信ネットワークにおけるアセットの位置を追跡するための装置及び方法に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、移動可能な送信機によって配信された通信シーケンスの受信機での到着時間(以下TOA)を用いて、アセットの位置を識別することに関する。TOAの見積もりは、通信シーケンスの「タイムスタンプ」と呼ぶことができる。
いくつかの無線ネットワークにおいて、アクセスポイントのアーキテクチャが、ネットワーク性能を制限することがある。多くの場合、アクセスポイントは、タイムスタンプ処理が、無線アセットの位置の正確な見積もりを生成するのに十分なだけ速く行われることを可能にしない。
無線通信ネットワークは、802.11の無線周波数信号ストラクチャを用いるように設計されることが多くなっている。この規格が普及するにつれて、802.11規格のパケットを配信する無線アセットの位置を識別することが、ますます有用となるであろう。
タイムスタンプ方策は多くの場合、相関に基づく信号処理技術を用いる(信号デコード技術と同様な)。周知の相関技術(例えば、相互相関アーチファクト)に固有のノイズは、タイムスタンプ精度を劣化する。
無線アセットの位置を正確に識別するための装置及び方法を提供することがさらに望ましい。
802.11の信号ストラクチャを配信する無線アセットの位置を識別するための装置及び方法を提供することがさらに望ましい。
位置の識別のために、受動的なアセットを効率的にタグ付けするための装置及び方法を提供することがさらに望ましい。
本発明の原理に基づいて、受信機でのデータ信号の到着時間の見積もりを提供するための装置及び方法を提供することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、データ信号を受信し、復調し、デコードされた信号にデコードすることができる。デコードされた信号はTOAの見積もりに好都合なシーケンスについて分析することができる。好都合なシーケンスが検知された場合、復調信号と相関するために相関関数を選択することができる。相関関数は、データシーケンスの相関特性に基づいて引き出すことができる規則を用いて選択することができる。TOAは、相関関数、相関関数の値、又はその組み合わせを用いて見積もることができる。
通信ネットワークにおける無線アセットの位置を識別するためのシステム及び方法が提供される。本発明のいくつかの実施形態は、同期信号発生器及び無線アセットによって配信された通信シーケンスをタイムスタンプするように構成されるネットワーク資源を含むことができる。各々のネットワーク資源は、同期信号発生器と電気通信することができる。各々の資源は、通信シーケンスをタイムスタンプするように構成することができる。
同期信号は、ネットワーク資源に存在するクロックを同期させるために用いることができる。ネットワーク資源からの到着時間の見積もり(以下、TOAの見積もり)は、無線アセットの位置を識別するため用いることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、異なるネットワーク資源に到着する通信シーケンスについてのTOAの見積もりの間の差は、位置の識別のために用いることができる。異なるネットワーク資源に到着する通信シーケンスについてのTOAの差は、ここで「TDOA」と呼ぶものとする。TDOAは、可能性のある無線アセットの位置の解集合を求めるために用いることができる。第2のTDOAは、解集合内の見積もられたアセットの位置を識別するために用いることができる。いくつかの実施形態においては、双曲線の三辺測量を用いて、TDOAを無線アセットの位置の見積もりに変換することができる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態は、無線通信ネットワークにおける位置での通信シーケンスのTOAの見積もりを提供するためのTOA見積もり装置を提供することができる。TOA見積もり装置は、1つ又はそれ以上の通信シーケンスを受信するための、1つ又はそれ以上の受信機を含むことができる。TOAの見積もりは、通信シーケンス、又は通信シーケンスの一部の到着時間の見積もりとするができる。通信シーケンスは、一連の情報記号を含むことができる。情報信号は、PNコード、CCK記号、PBCC記号又は他の適当な情報信号のいずれかとすることができる。通信シーケンスにおいて、高品質の自己相関特性を有する情報記号の形は、タイムスタンプに好都合とすることができる。ノイズの多い自己相関特性を有する情報記号の形は、タイムスタンプに不都合とすることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、TOA見積もり装置は、無線周波数信号と、無線周波数装置と電気通信する第1回路を受信するための装置を含むことができる。第1回路は、受信した通信シーケンスの相関関数のピークを検知するように構成することができる。
第1回路は、1つの、2つの、3つの、4つの、又は5つの記号の相関器を含むことができ、各々の相関器における各々の記号は、受信した通信シーケンスに存在することがある情報記号に対応する。2つの記号の相関器は、通信シーケンスにおける2つの連続した対応する記号の形を検知するために用いることができる。3つの記号の相関器は、通信シーケンスにおける3つの連続した対応する記号の形を検知するために用いることができる。通信シーケンスに存在することがあるより長い記号の形を検知するために、より大きな「長さ」の相関器を用いることができる。
第1回路は、N個の記号の相関器を含むことができ、Nはあらゆる正の整数とすることができる。第1回路は、異なる長さの相関器の組み合わせを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、システムは直列に配置された相関器を含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、システムは並列に配置された相関器を含むことができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、TOA見積もり装置は、多重経路の信号コンポーネントを相関器の出力信号(相関信号と呼ぶことができる)からフィルタするように構成された第3回路を含むことができる。多重経路の信号は、ストラクチャからの通信信号の反映である。多重経路の信号は、多くの場合、対応する直接の、又は「視野方向」の信号が受信された後に受信される。幾多の多重経路の信号を所定の視野方向の信号の反映によって生成することができる。視野方向の信号はストラクチャを通る伝搬の間に減衰されるため、多重経路の信号は視野方向の信号よりも強いことがある。したがって、相関信号に対する視野方向の貢献を識別することが必要となることがある。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、「選択的リスニング」によって、携帯用アセットの位置を、選択的に識別するように構成された受信機を含む装置のネットワークを含むことができる。受信機は、携帯用アセットから通信シーケンスを受信し、該アセットが選択された識別子に対応する識別子を有する場合、任意に該アセットの位置を見積もることができる。選択された識別子は、一意の識別子とすることができる。選択された識別子は、一意でない識別子とすることができる。選択された識別子は、システムのユーザによって選択されることができる。選択された識別子は、ネットワーク資源のメモリに格納することができる。ネットワークの送信機は、選択された無線アセットをピングして、該アセットに通信シーケンスを配信させることができる。ネットワークはこの場合、シーケンスをタイムスタンプすることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、無線アセットの位置の粗い見積もりを提供するために、事前の位置識別計算をすることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、無線アセットの位置の事前見積もりに基づいて選択されたTOA見積もり装置からの到着時間見積りを用いて、高精度の見積もりをすることができる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態は、TOAの見積もりのために、一連の通信シーケンスを配信するように構成された無線アセットを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、無線アセットは、ネットワークの受信機によって用いられた一連の異なる周波数を用いて、一連の通信シーケンスを配信することができる。これらのいくつかの実施形態において、無線アセットは、TOA見積もりのための通信シーケンスを、所定の周波数で繰り返し送信するように構成することができる。無線アセットの位置を識別する目的のために、該アセットによって送信された通信シーケンスは、ここでは位置識別情報と呼ぶことができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、タグは周波数分割多重化の目的のために、位置識別情報を多重周波数上に送信するように構成することができる。例えばタグは、位置識別情報をセル方式ネットワークにおける1つ以上のチャネル上に配信するために、多数の送信機を含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、タグは、例えば1つの調整可能な送信機を用いて、位置識別情報を逐次的に多数のチャネルに配信することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、タグは、データをネットワークの送信機から受信するように構成することができる。これらのいくつかの実施形態において、タグはウェイクアップ信号をネットワーク端末から受信するように構成することができる。
TOAを見積もるために相関関数を用いる実施形態において、該相関関数は通信シーケンスの表示及び選択されたリファレンス信号を備えることができる。相関関数はデータ信号の選択可能な部分を評価することができる。必要に応じてバッファすることができるデータ信号、及びリファレンス信号は、該リファレンス信号が最も強力にデータ信号又は該データ信号の一部と相関するときに、相関関数が最大値を有することが可能となる方法において、組み合わせることができる。そうした最大値が生じる時間(データ信号又は他の一時的なリファレンスのいずれかの始まりに対する)は、データ信号のTOAとして定義することができる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態において、TOAの見積もりは、相関関数の値をTOAパラメータ又は推定量に対して最大化又は最小化することによって求めることができる。例えば、TOAの見積もりは、相関関数の独立した変数の最尤見積り(又は「ピーク」)として定義することができる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態において、通信シーケンスのTOAを見積もるためのシステム又はシステムコンポーネントを提供することができる。これらのいくつかの実施形態は、データ信号を受信し、復調し、デコードし、バッファし、処理し又はフィルタするための装置を備えることができる。いくつかの実施形態は、TOAの見積もりを他のネットワーク資源に出力するための装置を備えることができる。いくつかの実施形態は、多数の相関器を含むことができる。これらのいくつかの実施形態において、相関器は互いに並行して配置することができる。
回路配線は、チッピングコードの相関器を含むことができる。チッピングコードの相関器は、拡散スペクトラムの通信シーケンス(例えば、直接拡散スペクトラムの通信シーケンス)を一連のデコードされたバイナリ記号にデコードすることができる。チッピングコードの相関器は、相関関数を用いて通信シーケンスをデコードすることができる。相関関数は、通信シーケンスのチッピングコードに適合する一連の記号を含むことができる。チッピングコードの相関器は、キャリア追跡回路から出力された信号上で作動することができる。チッピングコードの相関器からの出力は、追跡回路制御のために、キャリア追跡回路に送り戻すことができる。
回路配線は、受信機のインターフェースを含むことができる。受信機のインターフェースは、MACインターフェースとすることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、キャリア追跡回路、チッピングコードの相関器、及び受信機のインターフェースが直列して連結することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、タイムスタンプ回路は、キャリア追跡回路及び相関器の両方からの出力を受信することができる。追跡回路からの出力は、相関器のバイパスを介して、タイムスタンプ回路に与えることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、追跡回路からの出力は、相関器からの出力と関連して用いられて、TOAの見積もりにおける使用のために、通信シーケンスにおけるシーケンスを検知することができる。タイムスタンプ回路からの出力は、ネットワーク資源との通信のために、受信機のインターフェースに連結することができる。
いくつかの実施形態は、デスクランブラ回路を含むことができる。デスクランブラ回路は、デコードされた信号を受信し、デスクランブルされた信号を受信機のインターフェースに出力することができる。
本発明は、無線アセットによって配信された通信シーケンスをタイムスタンプするように構成されたネットワーク資源を用いて、該アセットの位置を識別するための装置及び/又は方法を含むことができる。
2つのTOAのTDOA(到着時間差)は、通信シーケンスが送信された一組の可能性のある位置を定義するために用いることができる。到着時間差を用いて無線アセットの位置を識別するための技術は、ここに全体を引用により組み入れる、2000年11月14日に出願された米国仮特許第60/248,357号に説明されている。この集合は双曲線とすることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、各々のTOA見積もり装置は、TOAを定量化するための内部クロック又はカウンタを有することができる。ネットワークにおけるTOA見積もり装置内に含まれることがあるクロックは、同期され又は較正されて、異なるTOA見積もり装置で獲得されたTOAから引き出されたTDOAの計算を可能にすることができる。
付加的な位置情報は、例えば少なくとも1つのTDOAの解集合を含むことができる。付加的なTDOAの解集合は、第1双曲線と交差する第2双曲線を形成することができる。付加的なTDOAの解集合は、第1の対のTOA見積もり装置とは異なるTOA見積もり装置から引き出すことができる。付加的なTDOAの解集合は、第1の対からの1つのTOA、及び、第1の対には含まれないTOA見積もり装置からの1つのTOAから引き出すことができる。多くの付加的なTDOAの解集合を用いることができる。アセット位置の身元は、2つの解集合の最も可能性のある又は最も正確に見積もられた交差部分として定義することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、アセット位置は、交差部分の最小二乗見積もりを用いて識別することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、アセット位置は、交差部分の最尤推定量を用いて識別することができる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態において、TDOAはTOA見積もり装置の所定の対からのTOAの間の多数の差の平均として定義することができる。例えば、第1TOA見積もり装置は、通信シーケンスを携帯用アセットから受信することができる。第1TOA見積もり装置は、3つの異なるTOAを生成することができる。第2のTOA見積もり装置は、通信シーケンスを携帯用アセットから受信し、対応する3つのTOAを生成することができる。3つのTDOAは、対応するTOAの3つの対の差を計算することによって生成することができる。3つのTDOAは次に平均化され、効率的なTDOAとして定義することができる。各々のTOA見積もり装置での連続するTOAは、同じ相関関数を通信シーケンスに対して繰り返して適用すること、異なる連続する相関関数を適用すること、多数のTOA推定量を生成する1つの相関関数を適用すること(以下参照)、及び他の適当な方法のいずれかによって、生成することができる。
2つより多くの解集合が存在する場合、その1つ又はそれ以上を捨てる必要がある。例えば、いくつかの実施形態において、潜在するTOAデータに関連するノイズが、あらかじめ決められたしきい値より高い場合、ノイズの多い解集合は、捨てることができる。いくつかの実施形態は、同じ通信シーケンスについて引き出された他の解集合に対して「異常値」である解集合を捨てることができる。最尤見積もりを用いて位置の身元を求める実施形態において、各々の解集合は該解集合に存在するノイズの量に応じて比較検討することができる。この方法において、よりノイズの多いTDOAの解集合は、よりノイズの少ないTDOAの解集合に対して軽視することができる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態は、個々のTOA見積もり装置に関連する異なる固定遅延を補償するための較正プロセスを含むことができる。これらの遅延は、限定されるものではないが、受信機及びケーブルにおける遅延を含むことができる。遅延は定量化され、TOA見積もり装置によって生成されたTOAの見積もりを用いて、計算された無線アセット位置の見積もりを調整するために用いることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、遅延はメモリに格納することができる。
図1は、受信機110及びプロセッサ120を含む例示的なTOA見積もり装置100を示す。TOA見積もり装置100は、信号をアセット130のような無線アセットに送信するための送信機を含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、TOA見積もり装置100は、802.11準拠のアクセスポイント又は他の適当なアクセスポイントのいずれかのような無線ネットワークのアクセスポイントとするか、又は該アクセスポイントの一部とすることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、装置100は、通常はアクセスポイントと関連する送信機のようなコンポーネントを含まないことがある。受信機110は、通信信号112を130のような無線アセットから受信することができる。無線アセット130は携帯用パーソナルコンピュータ、パームトップ型コンピュータ、手持ち式パーソナルコンピュータ、自動車用パーソナルコンピュータ、携帯情報端末(PDA)、携帯電話、携帯電話とPDAの組み合わせ、無線タグ、無線買物用器具、無線商品目録器具、又は無線通信信号を送信するために適当な他の装置のいずれかとすることができる。無線アセット130は、通信信号をワイヤを介して送信する。
ユーザ140は、適当な有線又は無線手段のいずれかを介して、システム100と通信することができる。システム100のいくつかの実施形態において、140のようなユーザは、キーパッド、キーボード、タッチパッド又は他の適当なインターフェースのいずれかを介して、プロセッサ120と相互に作用することができる。ユーザ140は、クライアントとすることもできるし、又はホストプロセッサとすることもできる。
本発明のいくつかの実施形態において、無線モジュール230は、同相無線信号I及び直交無線信号Qのそれぞれをタイミングモジュール240に与えることができ、該タイミングモジュールは、高解像度のタイミングモジュールとすることができる。無線モジュール230は、補助信号をタイミングモジュール240に与える。例えば無線モジュール230は、RSSI信号(例えば、信号強度を測定するため)、MD−RDY信号(例えば、データをフレーム化するため)、RXCLK信号(例えば、データをクロック制御するため)、及びRXD信号(例えば、受信したデータを通信するため)を与えることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、受信した通信シーケンスの信号強度は、ステップ430において見積もることができる。これらのいくつかの実施形態において、信号強度はTOA見積もり装置で局所的に見積もることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、受信機での信号強度は、無線アセットの送信機での信号強度と関連して用いられて、信号の減衰を計算することができる。ステップ426において、信号の強度又は減衰は、無線アセットとTOA見積もり装置との間の距離を見積もるために用いることができる。ステップ428において、既知の位置の異なる受信機からの距離の見積もりは、例えば三辺測量を用いて、無線アセットの位置を識別するために用いることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、無線アセットの位置は、TDOAの解集合、無線アセットとTOA見積もり装置との間の距離、キャリア信号の伝搬方向、又は、そのあらゆる組み合わせ又はその従属的な組み合わせを組み合わせた混成方法を用いて、識別することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、無線アセットの送信機は、通信ネットワークにおいて利用可能な作動周波数に対応して、ステップ640においてf2+nと示されるような付加的な周波数に切り替わることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、異なる周波数上に配信された通信シーケンスは、ほぼ同一とすることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、異なる周波数上に配信された通信シーケンスは、異なることができる。
図11は、携帯用物品に関する位置の識別情報を、通信ネットワークに提供することに含むことができる例示的なステップの一般化されたフローチャートである。図11に示されるステップは例示的なものに過ぎなく、あらゆる適当な順番において行うことができる。実際、付加的なステップがあることができるし、又はいくつかのステップを削除することができる。図11に示されるいくつかのステップは、タグを用いて無線信号を生成及び/又は送信することを含むことができ、適当な装置のいずれかによって行うことができる。例えば、図11に示されるステップのいくつか又はすべては、図1に示される無線アセット130のような無線アセット(図10に示されるタグ1000を含む)、又は適当な装置のいずれかを用いて行うことができる。単純化のために、図11に示されるステップは、1000のようなタグによって行われると仮定することができる。
ステップ1170において、タグはデータをネットワークにアップリンクすることができる。タグは、802.11の通信プロトコルを用いて、データをネットワークにアップリンクすることができる。アップリンクされたデータは、電池状態情報、タグ温度情報、又は他の適当な情報のいずれかを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、タグはステップ1180において、通信シーケンスを異なるチャネル上に配信することができる。そうである場合、このプロセスはステップ1140に戻り、新しいクリアなチャネルをシークすることができる。そうでない場合、このプロセスは1110に戻り、タグをスリープモードに戻すことができる。
相関関数は、通信シーケンスに存在する記号の形を検知するために用いることができる。相関関数における局所的な又は広域的な極値は、強力な自己相関特性を有する記号の形に対応することができる。強力な自己相関特性を有する記号の形は容易に見ることができ、再生可能な相関関数のピークを生成することができる。そうしたピークの時間価値は、受信したデータ信号についてのTOAの見積もり又はタイムスタンプとして用いることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、相関関数C(τ)は以下のように定義することができ、
と呼ぶことができる。
のいずれかを、TOAの見積もりとして選択することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、D(t)のTOAは、
のような推定量の平均であるとして定義することができる。例えば、D(t)のTOAはτとして定義することができ、
は所定のD(t)についての
見積もりの平均である。
図15は、本発明のいくつかの実施形態に含むことができる例示的なステップの一般的なフローチャートを示す。図15に示されるステップは例示的なものに過ぎなく、あらゆる適当な順番において行うことができる。実際、付加的なステップがあることができるし、又はいくつかのステップを削除することができる。図15に示されるいくつかのステップは、無線信号を受信することを含む。図15に示されるいくつかのステップは、信号を処理することを含む。これら及び他のステップは、図1に示される受信機110のような受信機、及び図2に示されるTOA見積もり装置に含まれるような装置を含む適当な装置のいずれかを用いて行うことができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、バッファされたバイナリデータは、ステップ1560において分析されて、好都合な情報記号の存在を検知することができる。ステップ1570において、R(t)のようなリファレンス信号を含むC(τ)のような相関関数を評価することができる。(C(τ)及びR(t)を利用するステップが、単純化のために図15ないし図17と関連して示され説明されているが、図15ないし図17の範囲、及びここでのその説明は、連接情報記号がC(τ)及びR’(t)のそれぞれの代わりにリファレンス関数として選択されているとき、C’(τ)及びR’(t)を利用する対応するステップを含む。)
相関信号C(τ)が十分な品質である場合、視野方向の信号のコンポーネントは、ステップ1580において多重経路から分けることができる。ステップ1580は、前縁の検知のためにステップ1585を含むことができる。ステップ1580はチャネルの見積もりのためにステップ1590を含むことができる。チャネルの見積もりはMUSIC又は他の適当なチャネルの見積もり技術のいずれかのような上等の解決技術を含むことができる。
を求めることができる。システムはTOAを
として定義することができる。C(τ)が負の値を有することができるいくつかの実施形態において、システムはC(τ)を最小化して
を求めることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、システムはTOAが相関ピークの前縁となるように定義することができる。例えばステップ1590において、図15Aに示される視野方向のピーク1502は、多重経路のピーク1504(やはり図15Aに示される)から分けることができる。視野方向のピーク1502の前縁1503は通信シーケンスのTOAとして定義することができる。視野方向のパルスは多重経路のパルスより前に受信されるため、ピーク1502をピーク1504から区別することができる。(多重経路の信号は、視野方向の信号より長い伝搬経路を有することができる。)いくつかの場合において、視野方向のピーク1502は、多重経路のピーク1504と重複するか、又は合体することができる。これらの場合において、合体したパルスの前縁はステップ1585においてTOAとして定義することができる。
システムが、タイムスタンプのためにコード化されていないデータパケットを受信したとき、データ信号の監視はステップ1630に示されるように行うことができる。データ信号の監視は、タイムスタンプのために好都合な情報記号の形の存在についてデコードされた型のデータ信号の監視を含むことができる(例えば、ステップ1550から)。デコードされたデータの各々のビットは、図12及び図13におけるD(t)のような、通信シーケンスにおいて存在することがある1つの情報記号に対応することができる。ビットストリームにおいて好都合な形を検知した後、該形に対応するリファレンス信号は、タイムスタンプのために復調された信号との相関のために選択することができる。
図17は、図16のステップ1630に含むことができるN、D(t)及びPの実施例、及び図16のステップ1640に含むことができるR(t)の対応する実施例を示す。(この例示の目的のために、R(t)は、方程式3においてR’(t)として表されるもののような1つの及び連接したリファレンス信号を意味する。)
図18は、本発明のいくつかの実施形態に含まれる例示的なステップの一般的なフローチャートを示す。図18に示されるステップは、例示的なものに過ぎなく、あらゆる適当な順番において行うことができる。実際、付加的なステップがあることができるし、又はいくつかのステップを削除することができる。図18に示されるいくつかのステップは、無線信号を受信し、信号を処理することを含むことができる。これら及び他のステップは、図1に示される受信機110のような受信機、及び図2に示されるTOA見積もり装置200に含まれるような装置を含む、適当な装置のいずれかを用いて行うことができる。
システムは、ステップ1820及び1830を用いて、復調データ信号におけるシーケンスを検知することができる。システムは、ステップ1820で、例えば1つの記号の相関器を用いて、復調データ信号をデコードすることができる。デコードしている相関器は、ステップ1822において用いることができる1つの記号の相関器と同様か又は同一とすることができる。復調されたデータがステップ1820においてデコーダを通って流れるため、結果として得られるビットは、ステップ1830において、シーケンスの検知のためにバッファ内に格納することができる。シーケンスが検知された後、検知されたシーケンスと強力に相関するとして知られるリファレンス信号に基づく相関信号(例えば、ステップ1822ないし1828において生成された)を、ステップ1840において選択することができる。ステップ1832ないし1838は、多重経路の信号を、ステップ1822ないし1828のそれぞれにおいて生成された相関信号からフィルタするために用いることができる、多重経路の処理ステップ(図18における「MPP」)である。
のような推定量として定義することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、相関関数は
を評価するために最小化を必要とする方法において定義することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、システムは、ステップ1832ないし1828において、前縁の検知、チャネルの見積もり、又はその組み合わせを用いて、TOAの見積もりを定義することができる。(前縁の検知及びチャネルの見積もりについては、特に図15及び図15Aに関連して上述されている。)これらの実施形態において、ステップ1840は、TOAの見積もりを、ステップ1832ないし1848の結果から選択することを含むことができる。これらの実施形態において、ステップ1850において、TOAの見積もりを定義するために、
のようなTOAの推定量を求める必要はないとすることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、シーケンス検知器1907は、デコーダの出力1906における情報シーケンスを検索するために用いられる基準を変更するように構成することができる。例えば、検知器1907は、5つの連続する同一信号のシーケンスを検索するようにプログラムすることができる。あらかじめ決められた数のビットが分析された後(又はあらかじめ決められた期間が経過した後、又はその両方の後)そうしたシーケンスが検知されない場合、デコーダは自動的に、より見つけやすい形(例えば、より短い形)を検索するように移行することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、幾多の検索方策を用いることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、検知器1907は、異なるビットの形を識別するために、デコーダの出力1906のいくつか又はすべてを再走査するのに適当な処理特徴、及びバッファ能力を有することができる。
にそれぞれ対応するピークCA1、CA2、CA3、CA4を有することができる。CBは例えばTOAの推定量
にそれぞれ対応するピークCB1、CB2、CB3、CB4を有することができる。推定量は、方程式1を用いて求めることができる。多数のTDOAは、システムA及びBの両方からの推定量を含むTOA推定量の対を用いて生成することができる。例えば、図24に示されるTDOA1は、
から生成することができる。TDOA2は
から生成することができる。図24において4つのTDOAが示されるが、いくつかの実施形態は4つより多くのTDOAを生成することができる。図24に示されるTDOAは
のようなTOAの見積もりに基づくが、いくつかの実施形態は、TDOAの平均を計算するために、前縁の検知、チャネルの見積もり又はその組み合わせに基づくTOAの見積もりを用いることができる。図24に示されるTDOAは「予備のTDOA」と呼ぶことができる。いくつかの実施形態において、予備のTDOAの平均は、図21ないし図23を参照して説明されたような無線アセットについての可能性のあるアセットの位置の解集合を生成するために用いることができる。
1000 無線タグ
1010 アンテナ
1020 無線送信機
1030 無線受信機
1040 制御装置
1070 コンポーネント群
1080 電源装置
Claims (1)
- 各々の位置が既知である第1の受信機と第2の受信機とを有する通信ネットワークにおける携帯用アセットの位置を識別するための方法であって、
前記アセットが送信したIEEE802.11通信シーケンスを含むデータ信号を前記第1及び第2の受信機の各々において受信し、
前記データ信号と、前記シーケンスに実質的に相関するものとして選定されるリファレンス信号との間の相関を表す相関関数から相関信号を生成し、
前記データ信号から、前記リファレンス信号が前記データ信号に最も強く相関するものとなる点として前記相関関数のピーク値を検出し、
前記相関信号において検出された前記ピーク値に基づいて、前記アセットにより送信された前記IEEE802.11通信シーケンスが前記第1の受信機に到達した時間である第1の到達時間を求め、
前記アセットにより送信された前記IEEE802.11通信シーケンスが前記第2の受信機に到達した時間である第2の到達時間を求め、
前記第1及び第2の到達時間を用いて第1の到達時間差を計算し、
前記第1及び第2の受信機における到達時間の差である前記第1の到達時間差に基づいて前記アセットの位置を求める
ことを特徴とする方法。
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