JP4709892B2 - 骨インプラントの接着増強装置 - Google Patents

骨インプラントの接着増強装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4709892B2
JP4709892B2 JP2008502209A JP2008502209A JP4709892B2 JP 4709892 B2 JP4709892 B2 JP 4709892B2 JP 2008502209 A JP2008502209 A JP 2008502209A JP 2008502209 A JP2008502209 A JP 2008502209A JP 4709892 B2 JP4709892 B2 JP 4709892B2
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Prior art keywords
hollow cylinder
bone
adhesive
hole
screw
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2008502209A
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JP2008532716A (ja
Inventor
フリッグ,ローベルト
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Synthes GmbH
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Synthes GmbH
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    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
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Description

発明の詳細な説明
本発明は、請求項1に特定される骨インプラントの接着増強装置に関する発明である。
骨の手術における骨接着増強方法がここ数年間に知られている。この増強は、螺子、ピン、釘などによる骨固着が頑固ではない骨粗鬆症の骨に適用される。
開示された技術によれば、骨接着剤は骨に挿入され、移殖片の土台固着に適する。骨接着剤によりすべての骨充填材はポリマー、水力またはその他の反応メカニズムによって固めることができるのが明らかである。これらは接着剤が固化する前に注入され、すなわち、接着剤は移殖片を増強することが出来る。開示された技術の欠点は骨接着剤の使用と接着剤複合材インプラントの正確な位置確定が困難なところである。
以上の問題点を解決するために、インプラントが設置される場合に接着剤の使用が可能な特有のインプラントが開発された。ここで、インプラントと特有の螺子が使用され、挿管を通して接着剤が骨に充填される。この技術は高粘着性接着剤が必要され、比較的に小さい挿管へ注入される。さらに、骨内における接着剤の量と状態が充分に制御できない。骨接着剤の再吸収不可能性と高い温度における固着は適合なインプラントとの組合せに適するわけではなく、骨接着剤における低粘着性は生物学的進歩の意義を有する。
トロンゾの独国特許出願公開第3508759号明細書は、例えば中央貫通孔を有する股関節螺子を開示し、前述の貫通孔は螺子端部に開口され、螺子山壁の間に横開口を有する。この股関節螺子によって骨における特大および鋭い螺子山の固定が可能であると同時に、骨接着剤を中央孔を通して注入し、横開口を通して流出させることにより病弱の骨素材を強化可能である。この技術の重要欠点は、通常の骨インプラントの使用が不可能で、特製で高額で複雑なインプラント(股関節螺子)が不可欠である。
この点について、本発明は救済装置の提供を意図する。本発明は、簡易化可能な既存及び/または新規の固着手段(または別の骨インプラント)の接着増強装置の提供を目的とする。
本発明は、請求項1の特徴を示す骨インプラント接着増強装置をもって設定問題を解決する。
発明に基づく装置は、内部手術処理の簡単さと進展した処理技術の安全面において、特殊なインプラントを増強可能な増強方法と異なる。
本発明において、骨接着剤を未充填の貫通中空円柱は骨に挿入される。情況に応じて、中空円柱が骨に挿入される位置が準備される。穿孔及び/または拡掘によって達成可能である。中空円柱が固定された後、中空円柱に対応する骨固着手段(例えば骨螺子、刃物、螺旋刃、骨釘)が中空円柱に挿入されるとともに、接着剤を中空円柱の穴を通して周囲の骨に移動させる。押し流された接着剤の量は固着手段の体積と均しい。中空円柱の穴の数及び位置によって、希望範囲の増強が可能である。インプラント増強装置の分離のおかげで、通常の市販インプラントの使用による接着増強が可能である。
開示された骨に対する増強方法における接着剤の使用は複雑ではないが、中空円柱挿入の手術において統制された方法が要求される。中空円柱が予定の位置に挿入された後に充填が実施される。
基本的に中空円柱は通常の固着手段では充分な強度を有しない如何なる情況にも使用可能で、例えば骨関節、脊椎、顎骨、骨盤等に隣接する範囲に使用可能である。
本発明により達成される多様な利点を以下で述べる。
・体外の接着剤の使用は
i)接着剤に対する対応が簡単で、
ii)充填手順が制御可能であり、
iii)接着剤に血液、液体、組織を含まない。
・穴の方向、位置、数、面積によって、接着剤は解剖学上の希望状態をもたらす。
・骨固着手段の大きさにより中空円柱の接着剤の流出量を調整できる。
・骨の抵抗に対する加えられた圧力ではなくインプラントの挿入により、接着剤の流出量が制御可能であるので、抵抗(治療範囲内の自然骨の骨折)の制御不可能の減少による骨折範囲における大量接着剤の未制御の損失リスクが抑制できる。
本発明の好ましい実施形態において、中空円柱は未固体化の骨接着剤により少なくとも部分的に充填される。
別の実施例において、中空円柱と骨固着手段は、骨固着手段が中空円柱内に挿入できるように互いに対応し、未固体化の骨接着剤は中空円柱上の少なくとも一つの穴を通って流出する。
更に別の実施例において、中空円柱の前端は閉められる。そこで達成される利点は、接着剤の流出が横方向のみであって、インプラントを更に螺子締める際において、中空円柱前部内での接着剤の固まりによる中空円柱前部に対する破壊を防ぐことができる。例えば、トロンゾの実施例においては、骨固着手段を接着剤の固まりに続く前部の方向へ軸的に螺子を締めることができないが、接着剤が末端の開口から流れ出して形成した固まりがそれを不可能にするからである。
別の実施例において、骨接着剤注射器と繋ぐために、中空円柱の後端が連結器として構成される。特に、中空円柱の後端は骨接着剤注射器の連結アダプターに対応する差込口として設置可能である。この密閉連結は圧力損失を防ぐとともに、中空円柱後端からの骨接着剤の流出も防ぐ。
更に別の実施例において、中空円柱の後端は内部螺子山を備える内孔に構成される。骨固着手段は、中空円柱の内部螺子山にマッチする外部螺子山を備える骨螺子に特に設置可能である。
別の実施例において、中空円柱の後端は骨インプラントの断面を有する開口を備える。例えば、螺子山または刃の溝の形状である。
更に別の実施例において、中空円柱は全長Lを有し、穴は前部からL/2、好ましくはL/3の距離を有する。骨接着剤は単に中空円柱の前部範囲から流れて、最も外部的利点をもたらす。後部への骨接着剤の流れは臨床的にかなり欠点である。
別の実施例において、中空円柱の後端は、多角形またはトリクス螺子ドライバーの受容ができる多角形またはトリクス溝に構成される。
穴の直径は基本的に0.9mmから3.3mmの範囲内である。穴の数は基本的に少なくとも20で、好ましくは少なくとも40である。穴の最大数は基本的に最多に100で、好ましくは最多で60である。できれば、mm単位で測定される中空円柱の外部直径とmm単位で測定される穴の出口面積Fとの比例D/Fの範囲が0.19から0.36mm−1が好ましい。
中空円柱の肉厚(外部直径Dマイナス内部直径d)が0.1から2.0mmの範囲内であるのが好ましい。
素材として、鋼、チタンのような通常のインプラント素材が適切であるが、PEEK(ポリエーテルエーテルケトン)、または吸収性ポリマー、または吸収不可のポリマーも利用可能である。中空円柱は網、編み材料、または完全若しくは部分的な穴あき管で作られる。穴の位置、半径と数によって、接着剤の流出量を制御可能であり、また配置、量と適切な接着剤が利用される。前部の表面は必要に応じて開口または閉鎖が可能である。閉められた実施形態は接着剤の前部流出を防いで、一部の実施(骨関節附近の使用)において重要である。
発明の追加的に有利な実施形態は付加請求項の特徴を有する。
発明の内容および更なる展開を、実施例の一部提示図面をもって詳しく記載する。
図1に示される実施形態は基本的に前端3、後端4及び縦軸2を有する中空円柱1を含む。中空円柱1は縦軸2に平行する全長Lと縦軸2に垂直する外径Dを有する。中空円柱9の空洞9は縦軸2に垂直する内径dを有する。中空円柱1の空洞9は全長Lに沿って外壁5に囲まれ、それによって外壁5は穴6を部分的に備える。すべての穴6は外壁の表面5より小さい総面積Fを構成する。
中空円柱1の前端3は開閉することができ、前端が閉められた実施形態は中空円柱1の前部内における接着剤固まりの形成を予防可能である。さらに別の実施例において、中空円柱1の後端4は内部螺子山8(図3)を有する内孔7を備える。
図2に示される実施形態は穴6、前端3及び後端4を備える外壁5を有する中空円柱1を含む。内孔7は前端3から中空円柱1を貫通し、前述の内孔7は、接着剤注射器40から中空円柱1の空洞9の中へ骨接着剤を注入するのに適する。
図3は、骨接着剤20で充填され、前端3が閉められた中空円柱1を含む。中空円柱1の後端4において内孔7は内部螺子山8を備える。ここの骨インプラント10は骨螺子形状の骨固着成分で構成される。内部螺子山8と骨固着成分15の螺子山は互いにマッチし、骨固着成分15が中空円柱1の中へねじられる。外壁5が穴6を備えることで、骨固着成分15により骨接着剤20の一部が穴6を通って放射状に中空円柱の外へ押圧される。
図4に示される実施形態は、図1に基づく空の中空円柱1の縦断面を表す。空中円柱1の前端3は閉められ、内孔7は後端4において内部螺子山8を備える。中空円柱1は外径Dと内径dを有する。中空円柱の外壁5は、前端3から測定してX<Lの部分に穴6を備える。
図5に示される縦断面は、骨接着剤に充填され、閉められた前部3と後部4において内孔7を有する中空円柱1を表す。さらに、図5は骨接着剤20で充填された骨接着剤注射器40の縦断面を表す。
図6は骨接着剤20で充填された中空円柱1の縦断面の実施形態を表す。前述の中空円柱1は閉められた前端3と内孔7を備える後部4を有する。骨固着成分15は後端4における内孔7に挿入され、前述の骨固着成分15は外部螺子山11を備え、内孔7内の内部螺子山8にマッチする。骨固着成分15を挿入することで骨接着剤20は穴6を通って中空円柱1から周囲骨30へ押圧される。
以下において、発明に基づく骨固着成分15の手術方法を簡潔的に記述する。
a)中空円柱の挿入場所は骨に作られる。例えば骨に穴をあけることで達成される。
b)骨接着剤で充填される中空円柱はその長さと直径により選択され、通常的方法としては患者体外で行われる。
c)円柱外壁の穴から骨接着剤が流出するのを防ぐために、中空円柱は例えば対応する空洞を有するソケットへ挿入される。
d)充填される前に中空円柱は空洞へ挿入される。
e)骨固着成分(例えば骨螺子)は中空円柱の後端を通って中空円柱内へ挿入される。この手順により骨接着剤は骨構造の穴を通って押圧され、中空円柱を囲む。
f)骨接着剤が固まると骨接着剤は骨、中空円柱及び骨固着成分を含む固まりを構成する。
発明に基づく装置の中空円柱の斜視図である。 図1に基づく中空円柱の斜視図と骨接着剤を中空円柱の中に押圧するための接着剤注射器の縦断面である。 骨接着剤が充填され、骨螺子が挿入された図1に基づく中空円柱の斜視図であるが、前述の骨螺子は周囲の骨に骨接着剤の一部を押圧する。 図1に基づく空の中空円柱の縦断面である。 接着剤で充填された図1に基づく中空円柱と骨接着剤注射器の縦断面である。 接着剤で充填された図1に基づく中空円柱と中空円柱に挿入された骨螺子の縦断面であり、前述の骨螺子は周囲の骨に骨接着剤の一部を押圧する。

Claims (14)

  1. A)中空円柱(1)は未固化の骨接着剤(20)の受容に適し、前記中空円柱(1)は縦軸(2)と、内部螺子山(8)と、骨(30)への挿入に適する前部(3)と、後部(4)と、少なくとも一つの穴(6)を備える外壁(5)とを有して、
    B)外部螺子山(11)を有する螺子(10)は前記中空円柱(1)の後部(4)から前記中空円柱(1)へ挿入可能であり、そのため前記外部螺子山(11)が前記中空円柱(1)の前記内部螺子山(8)に対応する接着増強装置において、
    C)前記中空円柱(1)が全長Lを有し、前記前部(3)から前記穴(6)の最後部までの距離が最大でL/2であり、
    D)中空円柱(1)のmm単位で測定される外部直径Dと穴(6)のmm 単位で測定される出口面積Fとの比例D/Fの範囲が0.19から0.36mm −1 である装置。
  2. 前記中空円柱(1)が未固化の骨接着剤(20)に少なくとも部分的に充填される請求項1に記載の装置。
  3. 前記螺子(10)が前記中空円柱(1)内へ挿入するよう両者が互いにマッチし、前記中空円柱(1)の前記外壁(5)における少なくとも一つの穴(6)を未固化の骨接着剤(20)が貫通する請求項1又は2に記載の装置。
  4. 前記中空円柱(1)の前記前部(3)が閉められる請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  5. 前記中空円柱(1)の前記後部(4)が骨接着剤注射器(40)と接続するために、カップリングとして構成される請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  6. 前記中空円柱(1)の前記後部(4)が、前記骨接着剤注射器(40)との連結に適するよう、差込式接続に構成される請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  7. 前記中空円柱(1)の前記後部(4)に、前記螺子(10)の断面に対応する開口を備える請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  8. 前記中空円柱(1)が全長Lを有し、前記前部(3)から前記穴(6)の最後部までの距離が最大でL/2である請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  9. 前記中空円柱(1)の前記後部(4)が多角形又はトリクス螺子ドライバーの受容ができる多角形又はトリクス溝に構成されている請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  10. 前記穴(6)の直径が0.9〜3.3mmである請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  11. 前記穴(6)の数が少なくとも20である請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  12. 前記穴(6)の数が最大で100である請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  13. 中空円柱(1)の肉厚(外部直径マイナス内部直径)の範囲が0.1から2.0mmである請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  14. 前記穴(6)が網状格子の形状を有する請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
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