JP4677899B2 - フライアッシュからの物品の製造 - Google Patents
フライアッシュからの物品の製造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4677899B2 JP4677899B2 JP2005509264A JP2005509264A JP4677899B2 JP 4677899 B2 JP4677899 B2 JP 4677899B2 JP 2005509264 A JP2005509264 A JP 2005509264A JP 2005509264 A JP2005509264 A JP 2005509264A JP 4677899 B2 JP4677899 B2 JP 4677899B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- article
- water
- undried
- brick
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims description 106
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011469 building brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 85
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010754 BS 2869 Class F Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940021019 disal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010053567 Coagulopathies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010961 commercial manufacture process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000417 polynaphthalene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S106/00—Compositions: coating or plastic
- Y10S106/01—Fly ash
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/49—Processes of using fly ash
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
フライアッシュを水と混ぜ合わせて、フライアッシュの軟塊を生じさせ、ここで、水は、フライアッシュに吸収され、かつ、軟塊が少なくとも部分的に流体の状態であるような遊離の水を含む程に過剰に加えられる、工程と、
フライアッシュの軟塊から未乾燥物品を所望の形状に形成する工程と、
未乾燥物品の形成の間および/またはその後にフライアッシュの軟塊から少なくとも一部の遊離水を除去する工程と、
続いて、フライアッシュのマトリクスを焼結させることによって造形物品が硬化させられるように未乾燥物品を焼成する工程と
を包含する方法を提供する。
他の技術、例えば軟塊または未乾燥物品の押圧等が、水の含有量を低減させるために熱および湿度の制御された環境に物品を置く代わりにまたはこれと共に用いられてもよい。
大空洞(15)が、主として、レンガが形成される時にマトリクス中に捕捉された空気から形成される。これらの空洞(15)は、部分的には、製造プロセス、特にフライアッシュと水とを最初に混合して軟塊を形成する工程およびこの軟塊の緻密化工程を機能とする。可塑剤も、分散および疎水効果により乾燥させられた生成物中に大空洞が形成されることに寄与し得る。
オーストラリア/ニュージーランド基準AS/NZS 4456.4:1997,方法4に従って行われた。石造建築単位(Masonry Units)の圧縮強度を測定した。
2回行い、1回目は、オーストラリア/ニュージーランド標準AS/NZS 4456.15:1997,方法15に従った。横方向破壊係数(Lateral Modulus of Rupture)を測定し、2回目は単位レンガについて行った。これが行われた理由は、標準法が水平方向に3個のレンガを結合するによって梁を形成することを必要とするからである。用いられた接着剤は、Epirez(エポキシモルタルバインダ)であった。この方法は、通常の赤レンガにより非常によく機能した。応力において接着剤が赤レンガより強く、破壊線(failure line)がレンガを通るからである。本発明のフライアッシュのレンガの場合、破壊は、7.2MPaで接着剤の線を通じて起こった。これは、レンガがそれより強く、7.2MPaが接着剤の強さであることを意味する。それゆえに、試験が、接着剤を含まない単一のレンガについて再度行われた。結果は、フライアッシュのレンガによる破壊係数の値が7.2の値より高く、事実10.3MPaであることを確認した。
オーストラリア/ニュージーランド標準AS/NZS 4456.17:1997,方法17に従って行われた。初期吸着速度(吸入)を測定した。
オーストラリア/ニュージーランド標準AS/NZS 4456.14:1997,方法14に従って行われた。吸水特性を測定した。
オーストラリア/ニュージーランド標準AS/NZS 4456.8:1997 方法8に従って行われた。含水量および乾燥密度を測定した。
Claims (17)
- 焼結されたフライアッシュを含有するマトリクスを有する造形物品を形成する方法であって、
フライアッシュと流動化剤と水とを混ぜ合わせて、フライアッシュの軟塊を生じさせ、ここで、水は、フライアッシュによって吸着され、かつ、少なくとも部分的に流体の状態にあるように該軟塊が遊離の水を含む程に過剰に加えられる、工程と、
フライアッシュの軟塊から所望の形状に未乾燥物品を形成する工程と、
未乾燥物品を30〜80℃の温度および20〜60%の相対湿度で加熱に付す未乾燥物品の硬化工程と、
未乾燥物品を形成する間および/またはその後にフライアッシュの軟塊から少なくとも一部の遊離の水を除去する工程と、
続いて、フライアッシュマトリクスの焼結により造形物品が硬化されるように未乾燥物品を焼成する工程と
を包含する、方法。 - フライアッシュの軟塊が少なくとも主にフライアッシュと流動化剤と水とから形成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 硬化の間、水がフライアッシュと反応して、少なくとも部分的に該物品が凝固させられる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 未乾燥物品を硬化させる間、遊離水の少なくとも一部がフライアッシュの軟塊から除去される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 未乾燥物品は、55〜65℃の温度で加熱に付される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 湿度は、35〜45%の相対湿度である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- フライアッシュの軟塊から少なくとも一部の遊離水を除去した後、軟塊中の含水量は、1〜5%である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- フライアッシュの軟塊から少なくとも一部の遊離水を除去した後、軟塊中の含水量は、2〜4%である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 硬化時間は、12時間〜5日である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 硬化時間は、1〜3日である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 焼成温度は、1000〜1300℃である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 焼成温度は、1100〜1250℃である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 焼成の継続時間は、30分〜6時間である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 焼成の継続時間は、1〜4時間である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 未乾燥物品は建築レンガであり、焼成温度は、1100〜1250℃である、請求項1〜14のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか1つに記載の方法によって製造された場合の、焼結されたフライアッシュのマトリクスを有し、かつ、30MPaを超える圧縮強度、5MPaを超える破壊係数、0.2〜5kg/m2/分の初期吸着速度(IRA)および5〜20%の吸着容量を有する建築部材。
- 建築部材は建築レンガである、請求項16に記載の建築部材。
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AU2003905445A AU2003905445A0 (en) | 2003-10-03 | Manufacture of articles from fly ash | |
PCT/AU2003/001533 WO2005033040A1 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2003-11-17 | Manufacture of articles from fly ash |
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JP4677899B2 true JP4677899B2 (ja) | 2011-04-27 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103086698A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
JP2007507403A (ja) | 2007-03-29 |
ES2502482T3 (es) | 2014-10-03 |
US7892479B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 |
AU2003280223A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
MY145892A (en) | 2012-05-15 |
US7264673B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 |
US9150456B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
EP1673317A4 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
CN1878736A (zh) | 2006-12-13 |
AU2003280223B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
US20080067723A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
EP1673317A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
US20050109242A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
CA2539627A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
WO2005033040A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
EP1673317B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
CN103086698B (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
US20110132233A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
CA2539627C (en) | 2012-04-17 |
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