JP4669920B2 - Functional material that suppresses blood glucose rise and blood pressure rise - Google Patents

Functional material that suppresses blood glucose rise and blood pressure rise Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4669920B2
JP4669920B2 JP2002241115A JP2002241115A JP4669920B2 JP 4669920 B2 JP4669920 B2 JP 4669920B2 JP 2002241115 A JP2002241115 A JP 2002241115A JP 2002241115 A JP2002241115 A JP 2002241115A JP 4669920 B2 JP4669920 B2 JP 4669920B2
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group
extract
blood glucose
blood
amylase
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JP2004075638A (en
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靖弘 鎌田
哲也 豊川
正映 照屋
俊雄 市場
和男 國吉
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Okinawa Prefectural Government
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Okinawa Prefectural Government
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、糖尿病および肥満の治療・予防に有用であるα−アミラーゼまたはα−グルコシダーゼ阻害物質を有し、また高血圧症の治療・予防に有用であるアンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素(以下ACE)阻害物質を有する生物素材に関し、特定の生物素材の乾燥粉末又は抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するように、乾燥および抽出条件を定めたことを特徴とする血糖上昇抑制(抗糖尿病・抗肥満)且つ血圧上昇抑制(抗高血圧症)作用物質に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、日本では食べ過ぎ等の食生活が原因となる2型糖尿病が増加の一途を示しており、40歳以上の人では10人に1人が糖尿病患者であり、糖尿病予備軍を含めるとその総数は1,370万人と推計されている。また糖尿病が怖いのは、急性の合併症を併発することである。中でも糖尿病性腎症とそれに伴う高血圧症の増加は、直接死につながる重大な疾病を次々に誘発する。
【0003】
糖尿病の主な治療薬は、インスリン製剤や経口血糖降下薬であるが、いずれも重篤かつ蔓延性の低血糖等の副作用を生じる。一方、食事療法においては、運動療法と共にインスリン需要を軽減し、また合併症に至るリスクを予防するという見地から、食後高血糖の回避の重要性が指摘されている。α−アミラーゼ阻害物質はデンプンを麦芽糖に消化する作用を阻害し、α−グルコシダーゼ阻害物質は麦芽糖をブドウ糖に消化する作用を阻害することにより、食後の高血糖を抑制し、更に空腹時血糖、血中糖化ヘモグロビン濃度および血中インスリン濃度の上昇を抑制させる抗糖尿病薬である。また最近、肥満の食事療法において、低糖質ダイエットや低インスリンダイエットなど、血糖値を急激に上げない事によるダイエット方法が注目されていることから、ダイエット食品素材としても糖類分解酵素阻害物質は有望になってきている。
【0004】
また、我が国の人口の約20%にあたる2,000万人が高血圧症に罹患していると言われている。高血圧症はそれ自体直接の死因にはならないが、脳疾患、心疾患および血管障害等の生活習慣病の重大なリスクファクターであり、生活習慣病による死亡者の約36%は血圧が高いことに起因するとも言われている。
【0005】
高血圧症患者の主な治療薬は、カルシウム拮抗薬、神経系抑制剤、アンジオテンシン2受容体拮抗薬およびACE阻害剤である。殊にACEは生体中で最も強い血圧上昇を促すホルモンであるアンジオテンシン2を産生する酵素であることから、ACE阻害剤により血圧上昇を抑制させることは高血圧症の重要な治療である。
【0006】
しかしながら、これら疾病を治療する医薬品は、そのほとんどが化学合成された薬剤であり、強力な阻害作用や副作用等の観点から医師の管理下で使用する必要がある。そのため、予防・遅延を目的として日常的に摂取することは非常に困難である。糖尿病や高血圧症等の生活習慣病を予防管理するための指標として、血糖値や血圧を天然起源の生物素材の力により適正に管理することは、現代日本社会において大きな意味を持つ。
【0007】
日本人の平均寿命は年々延び続け、男女とも世界一であり、現代日本社会は超高齢化社会を迎えようとしている。一方で、高齢化に伴う身体機能の低下やこれまでの食生活に起因する肥満、糖尿病および高血圧症をはじめとする生活習慣病は、もはや単独の疾病ではなく、1人が複数の疾病を併発する傾向にあり、それによって伴う医療費の増大などの問題が大きくクローズアップされている。
【0008】
一方、沖縄県は日本一の長寿県であるにもかかわらず、医療負担額は全国で最下位である。このことは長寿で病気が少ないことを意味しており、沖縄県の伝統的な食事や食素材の価値が見直されてきている所以である。これら伝統食材は、長い世紀を通して利用されてきた素材であり、容易に入手でき、極めて安全性が高く安価な天然起源の素材であると考えることができる。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、超高齢化社会を迎えようとしている現代日本社会では、病気を治すことを目的とする医薬の開発よりも、病気を予防・遅延する機能性食品素材の提供が強く求められている。すなわち、欧米では常法として取り入れられている、天然起源の生物素材を利用した通常の食品や、サプリメントと呼ばれるような栄養補助食品および特定保健用食品等の利用である。強力な効果と副作用のバランスのうえに成り立つ化学合成薬剤ではなく、逆にマイルドな効果を示しつつ、日常的に摂取できる天然起源由来の素材提供は、これから到来する超高齢化社会の切なる要望である。本発明は、自然界から、特に長寿の島、亜熱帯沖縄で伝統的に用いられてきた生物素材の乾燥粉末又は抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するように、乾燥および抽出条件を定めたことで、糖尿病や肥満予防になり、なおかつ高血圧症予防もできうる安全な天然素材の提供をその課題とするものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、亜熱帯沖縄で入手可能な天然起源の伝統食材や生物資源について、それらが有する生理作用について鋭意検索を行い、血糖上昇抑制且つ血圧上昇抑制を有する請求項1記載の生物群を見出し、更にそれら生物素材の乾燥粉末又は抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するように、乾燥および抽出条件を定め、本発明を完成した。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、アンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素、α−アミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼのいずれか、またはいずれをも阻害する成分を有するモクセンナ、オオゴチョウ、ツルグミ、またはヤマモモからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類以上の生物素材の抽出物を含有するアンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素、α−アミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼのいずれか、またはいずれをも阻害する阻害剤、並びに、血糖上昇抑制(抗糖尿病・抗肥満)剤、血圧上昇抑制(抗高血圧症)剤、血圧及び血糖のいずれをも上昇を抑制する医薬である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明において選ばれた生物資源について説明する。
【0013】
モクセンナはマメ科の植物で、学名はCassia Glauca Lam.であり、熱帯アジア原産の低木である。日本では冬季は温室に入れるが、沖縄では自生する。
【0015】
オオゴチョウはマメ科の植物で、学名はCaesalpinia Pulcherrima Sw.の小高木である。常緑で枝に刺がある。葉は12〜18羽片からなり、花は橙色で径5cm内外、長い小花梗があって頂生または腋生の総状または円錐花序をつくる。
【0016】
ツルグミはグミ科の植物で学名はElaeagnus glabra Thunb.であり、陽あたりのよい山裾や林縁などに普通に見られる常緑の籐本である。茎は半つる性で、長くのび、長さ3〜5mくらいになる。蔓グミの名は、枝がつる状になることから名付けられた。
【0017】
ヤマモモはヤマモモ科の植物で、学名はMyrica Rubra S.et Z.の常緑高木である。雌雄異株あり、果実は多汁質で赤紫色に熟し甘ずっぱい味がする。本州中部以南から沖縄および朝鮮半島、中国、台湾、沖縄、フィリピンに分布している。
【0019】
請求項1記載の生物群の使用部位に当たっては、特に限定されないが、モクセンナは花または葉、オオゴチョウは花、ツルグミは葉、ヤマモモは葉または樹皮、が好ましい。
【0020】
請求項1記載の生物群の抽出物は単独で用いることもできるし、2種類以上組み合わせて用いることもできる。ここで言う抽出物とは、抽出液もしくは抽出液の乾燥物のことである。また、請求項1記載の生物群を最適な溶媒により有効成分を抽出し、その抽出物を使用することができる。請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するような、乾燥および抽出条件は以下の通りである。
【0021】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するような条件として、前記生物素材の乾燥条件は、有効成分の中には、熱に弱い成分や酸化されやすい成分もあることから、35〜135℃の温熱風乾燥または噴霧乾燥、好ましくは50〜65℃の温風乾燥であり、より好ましくは常温減圧乾燥であり、最も好ましいのは凍結減圧乾燥である。
【0022】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するような条件として、前記生物素材の抽出溶媒は、水、無水或いは含水有機溶媒として1価アルコール、多価アルコールまたはその誘導体、ケトン、エステル、エーテル、石油エーテル、脂肪族炭化水素またはハロゲン化物、芳香族炭化水素より選択された1種または2種以上を用いることができる。具体的な溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、n−プロピルアルコール、イソブタノール、n−ヘキサノール、メチルアミルアルコール、2−エチルブタノール、n−オクタノール等の炭素数が1〜8の1価アルコール;エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ヘキシレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等の炭素数が2〜6の多価アルコール或いはその誘導体;アセトン、メチルアセトン、エチルメチルケトン、イソブチルメチルケトン、メチル−n−プロピルケトン等の炭素数が3〜6のケトン;酢酸エチル、酢酸イソプロピル等の炭素数が4〜5のエステル;エチルエーテル、イソプロピルエーテル、n−ブチルエーテル等の炭素数が4〜8のエーテルや石油エーテル;n−ブタン、n−ペンタン、n−ヘキサン、n−オクタン等の炭素数が4〜8脂肪族炭化水素;四塩化炭素、クロロホルム、ジクロロエタン、トリクロロエチレン等の炭素数が1〜2の脂肪族炭化水素のハロゲン化物;ベンゼン、トルエン等の炭素数6〜7の脂肪族炭化水素等であり、これらは1種で、または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。このうち、食品類の開発をするためにも、好ましくは含水有機溶媒であり、より好ましくは含水1価アルコールであり、最も好ましいのは含水エタノールである。
【0023】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するような条件として、前記生物素材の抽出溶媒濃度は、含水エタノール場合、抽出物としての食品利用も考慮した濃度であり、0.1〜90%であり、好ましくは10〜80%であり、より好ましくは30〜60%であり、最も好ましいのは40〜50%である。
【0024】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するような条件として、前記生物素材の添加濃度は、乾燥粉末であることから、生物素材の存在密度と抽出溶媒の存在密度の割合を考慮した濃度であり、含水エタノール容量に対して0.1〜30%乾燥重量濃度、好ましくは1〜20%乾燥重量濃度、より好ましくは5〜10%乾燥重量濃度である。
【0025】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するような条件として、前記生物素材の抽出温度は、室温程度で抽出してもよく、また用いられる溶媒の沸点付近で還流抽出してもよいが、有効成分の中には、熱に弱い成分や酸化されやすい成分もあることを考慮した温度でなければならない。具体的には20〜90℃であり、好ましくは50〜85℃である。
【0026】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するような条件として、前記生物素材の抽出時間は、抽出温度により異なるが、室温であれば6時間〜96時間が好ましく、溶媒の沸点付近であれば1分〜30分が好ましい。抽出回数は抽出効率として、溶媒量と前記生物素材の添加濃度を考慮して1〜3回が好ましい。
【0027】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物は、そのまま或いは希釈して使用することもできるし、更に抽出溶媒を除去後、使用することができる。例えば水、含水エタノールおよびエタノールで抽出する場合を除いては、食の安全性からも、抽出物から抽出溶媒を完全に除去して使用する。
【0028】
上記の方法により得られた請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物を、更に精製処理し、得られた精製抽出物を有効成分として用いることができる。この精製処理としては、通常行われる方法であればよく、例えば、液―液分配や液体カラムクロマトグラフィー等を用いる事ができる。液体クロマトグラフィーによる精製処理の場合には、カラムに充填する充填剤として、イオン交換樹脂、アルミナ、シリカゲル、アガロースゲル等を用いることができる。なお、液体カラムクロマトグラフィーによる精製処理は、常法に従って行えばよい。
【0029】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物は、常法にしたがって、糖尿病、肥満症並びに高血圧症の予防剤、遅延剤、治療剤、食品、食品添加物として利用することができる。本発明の血糖値並びに血圧上昇抑制作用を有する素材を、例えば食品添加物として使用する場合、本発明の目的に沿う限り、食品の種類は限定されないが、具体例としてはアイスクリーム、クッキー、スープ、麺類、清涼飲料、納豆、ホットケーキ、ドレッシング、シリアル、ソース類、スナック類、ふりかけ等が挙げられる。これらの食品に添加される上記の抽出物の割合は、素材の種類と組み合わせ、且つ食品の種類によって添加量が変動するが、例えば清涼飲料の場合、飲料の総重量当たり、0.1〜30%重量%、好ましくは0.5〜5%重量%含めることができる。また麺類の場合、0.01〜40%重量%、好ましくは1〜10%重量%含めることができる。
【0030】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物を製剤化並びに食品添加物にする場合には、希釈剤と共に、常法に従った結合剤、吸収促進剤、滑沢剤、乳化剤、界面活性剤、酸化防止剤、防腐剤、着色料、香料、甘味料などを添加してもよい。
【0031】
請求項1記載の生物群から選ばれた生物素材の抽出物を製剤化並びに食品添加物にする場合の形態としては、顆粒状、細粒状、錠状、丸状、カプセル状、噴霧状、溶液状、懸濁状、軟膏状、ゲル状、ペースト状、クリーム状などの状態で用いてもよい。
【0032】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について試験管内試験結果および生体内効果確認試験結果の説明する。
(実施例1)
各植物を適当な大きさに切断した後、65℃12時間の温風乾燥若しくは、凍結乾燥後、破砕し0.5mmのメッシュを通過したものを生物素材ごとに抽出操作に供した。抽出操作は、高圧抽出を使用した。すなわち、乾燥重量で0.5g〜5gの各薬草乾燥粉末を5gのケイソウ土とともに抽出セルに添加し、抽出溶媒;50%エタノール、溶媒量;25ml、抽出温度;82℃、抽出圧力;13.8MPa、抽出時間;10分、抽出回数;2回の条件で抽出操作を行った。抽出液は0.45μmのメンブレンフィルターでろ過した。
【0033】
(α−アミラーゼ阻害活性の測定)
α−アミラーゼ阻害活性の測定は里山らの方法(日本農芸化学会誌,72(8),pp933−936(1998))に準じて行った。すなわち、α−アミラーゼはトリス−塩酸緩衝液(10mM,pH7.5)に溶解し、適宜希釈して使用した。次に米デンプンをクエン酸緩衝液(0.1M,pH6.0)に濃度1.0%(w/v)となるように懸濁し、これを沸騰水浴中で5分間加熱して湖化した。この湖化液と等量の3.2%(w/v)寒天溶液を60℃で混合し、マイクロプレートに200μlずつ分注し、放冷固化して基質プレートを作成した。阻害活性の測定は、11unitsに調製したα−アミラーゼ溶液の1/10量の被検液を混合した溶液を、37℃で10分間予備保温した基質プレートに25μl添加し37℃で反応させ、反応開始後5分及び1時間後における655nmの吸光度をマイクロプレートリーダーで測定し、同一プレート内に作成した検量区間より求めた検量線により酵素活性を算出するものである。アミラーゼによりデンプンが加水分解される過程は、デンプンの低分子化により濁度が減少することから、反応前後の吸光度の差を読みとることで酵素活性の測定可能である。阻害活性は、次式にて求めた。
【0034】
(α−グルコシダーゼ阻害活性の測定)
α−グルコシダーゼ阻害活性の測定は、出口らの方法(日本農芸化学会誌,72(8),pp923−931(1998))に準じて行った。すなわち、粗酵素液としてラット腸管アセトンパウダーを10倍量の0.1Mクエン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)に懸濁し、15,000rpmで45分間遠心分離した上清を粗酵素液とした。粗酵素液20μlにサンプル溶液を10μl添加し、37℃で5分間保持し、2%マルトース溶液20μlを添加して、37℃で30分間酵素反応を行い、100℃で15分間保持して酵素を熱失活させ反応を停止した。次に4,000rpmで5分間遠心した上清中のグルコース濃度を市販キットを用いて測定し、阻害活性を次式により算出した。
阻害活性(%)=100x(1−サンプル添加時のグルコース生成量/対照生成グルコース量)。
【0035】
(ACE阻害活性の測定)
ACE阻害活性の測定は、Chumanらの方法(Biochemistry,16,p.5484(1977))に準じて行った。すなわち、基質として、Hippuryl L−histidyl L−leucineを用い、608mM塩化ナトリウムを含むホウ酸緩衝液(pH8.3)に基質濃度が7.6mMとなるように溶解した。ACEはウサギ肺由来のものを用い、上記ホウ酸緩衝液に67U/mlとなるように溶解した。阻害活性は、ACE溶液とサンプルを混合し5分間プレインキュベートした後、基質を添加し所定時間反応させ、遊離した馬尿酸量をHPLCシステムで測定した。ACE阻害率(%)は、以下のような計算式で求めた。
【0036】
表1は生物素材の抽出液のα−アミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼおよびACE阻害活性試験の結果を示す。
【0037】
【表1】
表1 生物素材の抽出液におけるACE、α−グルコシダーゼおよびα−アミラーゼ阻害活性
【0038】
(実施例2)
表1の試験管内結果より、ACE阻害活性を有する素材が実際に生体内で作用するかどうかを実証した。ここでは、請求項1に記載している素材で、表1のACE阻害活性と同等の阻害率を有するパパイア未熟果を用いて動物試験を行い、血圧上昇抑制効果試験を行った。請求項5に記載しているように、生のパパイア未熟果は、可食部をミキサーにて破砕し、パパイン等の各種酵素活性を失活させるために、80℃で15分間加熱した後、凍結乾燥した。乾燥物を遠心粉砕機にて粉砕した後、動物試験に供した。
【0039】
動物は、6週齢の病態モデル動物である自然発症高血圧ラット(SHR)を1週間馴化し、体重および血糖値が統計的に有意差のないように1群10匹、56日間行った。投与形態は乾燥粉砕物を飼料に配合して自由給餌させた。その際、栄養学的に均一になるようにパパイア未熟果の表2のような栄養成分と試験管内の結果を基に、表3のような10%配合の飼料組成を調製した。体重、摂餌量および摂水量は投与第1週より1回/週で測定し、血圧測定は、投与後毎週一定時刻にtail cuff法を用いて測定した。ラットは、38±1℃に保温したホルダーにて保定した。更に実験終了後、肝臓重量、腎臓重量、血漿総コレステロールおよび中性脂肪濃度も測定した。なお、試験結果の値は平均値を示し、エラーバーは標準誤差を示す。また統計処理はSASを用いてステューデントのt検定を行った。
【0040】
【表2】
表2 パパイア未熟果(凍結乾燥物)の栄養成分組成
【0041】
【表3】
表3 SHRに自由給餌した配合飼料組成(%)
【0042】
その結果、実験期間中の体重および摂餌量は対照群と比較していずれも差は認められなかった。一日平均飲水量は、対照群(30.7±0.83ml/rat/day)と比較して、パパイア配合飼料群(33.1±0.68ml/rat/day)で有意(p<0.05)に増加した。
【0043】
図1はパパイア自由給餌期間における収縮期血圧の変化を示す。図中に示しているのは、各群の平均値と標準誤差であり、動物数は10匹である。また図中の*印は対照群と比較して統計的にp<0.05で有意差がある事を示す。対照群と比較してパパイア配合飼料群では1週目以降全測定点で低値(P<0.23)を示し、飼育開始5および6週目で有意(P<0.05)に低下した。この事から、パパイア未熟果の血圧上昇抑制作用が確認された。
【0044】
【図1】
【0045】
図2はパパイア自由給餌飼育終了後の血漿総コレステロールおよび中性脂肪濃度の変化を示す。図中に示しているのは、各群の平均値と標準誤差であり、動物数は10匹である。また図中の**印は対照群と比較して統計的にp<0.01で有意差がある事を示す。パパイア配合飼料群の血漿総コレステロール濃度は対照群と比較して有意(p<0.01)に低下し、血漿中性脂肪濃度は低下傾向(P=0.22)を示した。
【0046】
【図2】
【0047】
体重当たりの肝臓相対重量比に変化は認められなかったが、腎臓相対重量比では対照群(0.65±0.01%)と比較して、パパイア配合飼料群(0.61±0.01%)で有意(p<0.05)に低下した。
【0048】
以上の結果より、ACE阻害活性を有するパパイア未熟果には、高血圧症の初期症状である収縮期血圧(最高血圧)の改善効果が確認された。更に血漿コレステロール濃度の低下作用も認められた事から、脂質代謝改善効果も推察された。
【0049】
(実施例3)
表1の試験管内結果より、α−アミラーゼ阻害活性並びにα−グルコシダーゼ阻害活性を共に有する素材が実際に生体内で作用するかどうかを実証した。表1のα−アミラーゼ阻害活性並びにα−グルコシダーゼ阻害活性と同等の阻害率を有するニシヨモギとエンサイを用いて動物試験を行い、血糖値上昇抑制効果試験を行った。エンサイは、可食部を凍結乾燥し、ニシヨモギは、葉を65℃で約12時間温風乾燥した。各々の乾燥物を遠心粉砕機にて粉砕した。エンサイはこの粉砕物を動物試験に供した。ニシヨモギは粉砕物に所定量の蒸留水を添加し、約1分間ホモゲナイズして、沸騰水浴中で20分間静置させ、熱水抽出物を得た。なお、ニシヨモギと蒸留水の割合は、1:10である。次に熱水抽出物を遠心エバポレーターで乾固し、必要量を乳鉢を用いて細粒化し、媒体(注射用蒸留水)で投与濃度になるよう懸濁したものを動物試験に供した。調製は常温に戻してから行い、頻度は6〜8日間に一度とした。
【0050】
4週齢の2型糖尿病(NIDDM)モデル動物(KK−Ay)を1週間馴化し、体重および血糖値が統計的に有意差のないように1群10匹、56日間行った。投与形態については、ニシヨモギは上記熱水抽出懸濁物を連日、1日1回定時刻に強制経口投与で単回投与した。エンサイは乾燥粉砕物を飼料に配合して自由給餌させた。その際、栄養学的に均一になるように表4のような栄養成分と試験管内の結果を基に、表5のような10%配合の飼料組成を調製した。ニシヨモギの投与量は試験管内の結果を基に、250mg/kgB.W.で行った。体重、摂餌量および摂水量は投与第1週より1回/週で測定し、血糖測定は投与第1,3,5および7週の空腹時血糖値を、尾静脈血の血糖値を測定した。なお、測定終了後直ちに給餌を行った。空腹時血中糖化ヘモグロビン濃度を投与開始32日目と54日目に測定した。更に血漿総コレステロールおよび中性脂肪濃度、肝臓重量、腎臓重量も測定した。なお、試験結果の値は平均値を示し、エラーバーは標準誤差を示す。また統計処理はSASを用いてステューデントのt検定を行った。
【0051】
【表4】
表4 エンサイ(凍結乾燥物)の栄養成分組成
【0052】
【表5】
表5 KK−Ayに自由給餌した配合飼料組成(%)
【0053】
また、ニシヨモギ投与開始1週間目に、マルトース負荷試験を行った。すなわち、絶食したマウスにニシヨモギを250mg/kgB.W.単回経口投与し、その20分後に血糖値を測定する。次にニシヨモギ投与30分後にマルトース2,000mg/kgB.W.で単回経口投与し、マルトース投与後30、60、90および120分(5時点)の血糖値を測定した。なお、試験結果の値は平均値を示し、エラーバーは標準誤差を示す。また統計処理はSASを用いてステューデントのt検定を行った。
【0054】
その結果、ニシヨモギ投与群の最終体重、一日平均飼料摂取量および飲水量は対照群と比較して差はなかった。エンサイ配合飼料群の一日平均飼料摂取量および飲水量は、対照群と比較して差は認められなかったが、一日平均体重増加量は対照群(0.21±0.01グラム/mouse/day)と比較して、エンサイ配合飼料群(0.16±0.01グラム/mouse/day)で有意(p<0.01)に低下した。この事から、エンサイにはダイエット効果(抗肥満)が推察された。
【0055】
図3はニシヨモギ投与期間の空腹血糖値の変化を示す。図中に示しているのは、各群の平均値と標準誤差であり、動物数は8匹である。また図中の*印は対照群と比較して統計的にp<0.05で有意差がある事を示す。投与後1週目の血糖値は、対照群と比較してニシヨモギ投与群で有意(P<0.05)に低下し、5週目まで有意な低下を示した。この事から、空腹時での血糖値上昇抑制効果が確認された。
【0056】
【図3】
【0057】
図4はエンサイ配合飼料を自由給餌させている期間の空腹血糖値の変化を示す。図中に示しているのは、各群の平均値と標準誤差であり、動物数は10匹である。また図中の*および**印は、各々対照群と比較して統計的にp<0.05およびp<0.01で有意差がある事を示す。給餌後3週目の血糖値は、対照群(417mg/dl)と比較してエンサイ配合飼料群(222mg/dl)で、対照群の53%に有意(P<0.01)に低下し、その後、給餌期間中有意に低下した。この事から、空腹時での血糖値上昇抑制効果が確認され、その効果が給餌期間持続することが確認された。
【0058】
【図4】
【0059】
図5はエンサイ配合飼料の自由給餌32日目と54日目の血中糖化ヘモグロビン濃度の変化を示す。図中に示しているのは、各群の平均値と標準誤差であり、動物数は10匹である。また図中の*および**印は、各々対照群と比較して統計的にp<0.05およびp<0.01で有意差がある事を示す。給餌32日目の血中糖化ヘモグロビン濃度は、対照群(12.7%)と比較してエンサイ配合飼料群(11.6%)に有意(P<0.01)に低下し、その後、54日目でも有意に低下した。血中糖化ヘモグロビン濃度の低下作用が確認された事から、糖尿病予防・遅延効果が確認された。
【0060】
【図5】
【0061】
図6はエンサイ配合飼料飼育終了後の血漿総コレステロール濃度の変化を示す。図中に示しているのは、各群の平均値と標準誤差であり、動物数は10匹である。また図中の*印は対照群と比較して統計的にp<0.05で有意差がある事を示す。エンサイ配合飼料群の血漿総コレステロール濃度は、対照群と比較して有意(p<0.05)に低下した。データは示さないが、血漿TG濃度は対照群と比較して、エンサイ配合飼料群で低下傾向(P<0.12)を示した。この事から、脂質代謝改善効果が推察された。また、体重当たりの肝臓相対重量比は、対照群(4.01±0.13%)と比較してエンサイ配合飼料群(4.01±0.07%)で有意(p<0.05)に低下した。
【0062】
【図6】
【0063】
図7はニシヨモギ投与1週間目における、マルトース負荷試験時での血糖値変化を示す。図中に示しているのは、各群の平均値と標準誤差であり、動物数は10匹である。また図中の**印は対照群と比較して統計的にp<0.01で有意差がある事を示す。ニシヨモギ投与30および60分後の血糖値は、対照群と比較して有意(p<0.01)に低下した。この事から、ニシヨモギの血糖値上昇抑制作用は、試験管内試験結果であるα−グルコシダーゼ阻害活性が主な作用点であることが確認された。
【0064】
【図7】
【0065】
以上の結果より、α−アミラーゼ並びにα−グルコシダーゼ阻害活性を共に有するニシヨモギおよびエンサイには、糖尿病の主な症状である空腹時血糖値の改善効果が確認され、更にエンサイにおいては、約1ヶ月前からの血糖値制御の指標になる血中糖化ヘモグロビン濃度も低下したことより、糖尿病の予防・遅延効果が確認された。またエンサイには抗肥満効果(ダイエット効果)も推察された。更に、エンサイには血漿コレステロール濃度の低下作用も認められた事から、脂質代謝改善効果が推察された。また、ニシヨモギ投与1週間目における、マルトース負荷試験による血糖値上昇抑制効果が見られたことから、試験管内試験結果であるα−グルコシダーゼ阻害活性が主な作用点であることが確認された。
【0066】
【発明の効果】
本発明の血糖上昇抑制(抗糖尿病・抗肥満)且つ血圧上昇抑制(抗高血圧症)作用を有する機能性素材は、化学合成薬剤に比べて効き目が穏やかであり、さらに自然界から、特に長寿の島、亜熱帯沖縄の伝統的食材のため安全性が高い。更に、生物素材の乾燥粉末又は抽出物中の成分が、血糖上昇抑制および血圧上昇抑制として作用するような、乾燥および抽出条件を定めたことで、より効率的に血糖値且つ血圧上昇抑制作用を共に有する素材を提供することができる。この事により、老化により身体機能が低下している高齢者や、血糖値や血圧が高めの予備軍、更には日頃から健康維持を心がけている健常者向けの、製剤、阻害剤、食品および食品添加物として最適である。したがって、医薬、機能性食品、食品添加物として使用することにより、肥満、糖尿病やその合併症予防・遅延、高血圧症の予防・遅延に極めて有効である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】SHRを用いたパパイア未熟果摂取の血圧上昇抑制効果
【図2】SHRを用いたパパイア未熟果摂取の脂質代謝改善効果
【図3】KK−Ayを用いたニシヨモギ経口投与の血糖値上昇抑制効果
【図4】KK−Ayを用いたエンサイ配合飼料摂取の血糖値上昇抑制効果
【図5】KK−Ayを用いたエンサイ配合飼料摂取の血中糖化ヘモグロビン濃度低下作用
【図6】KK−Ayを用いたエンサイ配合飼料摂取の脂質代謝改善効果
【図7】KK−Ayを用いたマルトース負荷によるニシヨモギ抽出物単回投与試験における血糖値変化
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has an α-amylase or α-glucosidase inhibitor useful for the treatment / prevention of diabetes and obesity, and angiotensin (1) converting enzyme (hereinafter referred to as ACE) inhibition useful for the treatment / prevention of hypertension. Inhibition of blood glucose elevation, characterized by having determined drying and extraction conditions so that components in a dry powder or extract of a specific biological material act as blood glucose elevation inhibition and blood pressure elevation inhibition with respect to biological materials having substances The present invention relates to an anti-diabetic / anti-obesity and anti-hypertensive agent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, in Japan, type 2 diabetes caused by overeating and other dietary habits is increasing, and 1 in 10 people over the age of 40 are diabetic patients. The total number is estimated at 13.7 million. Another cause of diabetes is the complication of acute complications. Among them, diabetic nephropathy and the accompanying increase in hypertension in turn induce serious diseases that directly lead to death.
[0003]
The main therapeutic drugs for diabetes are insulin preparations and oral hypoglycemic drugs, both of which cause serious and prevalent side effects such as hypoglycemia. On the other hand, in diet therapy, the importance of avoiding postprandial hyperglycemia has been pointed out from the viewpoint of reducing the demand for insulin together with exercise therapy and preventing the risk of complications. The α-amylase inhibitor inhibits the action of digesting starch into maltose, and the α-glucosidase inhibitor inhibits the action of digesting maltose into glucose, thereby suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia, and further, fasting blood glucose, blood It is an anti-diabetic drug that suppresses the increase in medium glycated hemoglobin concentration and blood insulin concentration. Recently, dietary methods that do not raise blood glucose levels rapidly, such as low-sugar diets and low-insulin diets, have attracted attention in obesity diets, so saccharide-degrading enzyme inhibitors are promising as diet food ingredients. It has become to.
[0004]
It is said that 20 million people, about 20% of Japan's population, suffer from hypertension. Although hypertension itself is not a direct cause of death, it is a significant risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases such as brain disease, heart disease and vascular disorders, and about 36% of deaths from lifestyle-related diseases have high blood pressure. It is also said to be caused.
[0005]
The main therapeutic agents for hypertensive patients are calcium antagonists, nervous system inhibitors, angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists and ACE inhibitors. In particular, since ACE is an enzyme that produces angiotensin 2, which is a hormone that promotes the strongest blood pressure increase in the living body, it is an important treatment for hypertension to suppress the blood pressure increase with an ACE inhibitor.
[0006]
However, most of the pharmaceuticals for treating these diseases are chemically synthesized drugs, and it is necessary to use them under the supervision of a doctor from the viewpoint of strong inhibitory action and side effects. Therefore, it is very difficult to take on a daily basis for the purpose of prevention and delay. As an index for preventing and managing lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, appropriately managing blood glucose level and blood pressure by the power of natural biological materials has great significance in modern Japanese society.
[0007]
The average life expectancy of Japanese people continues to increase year by year, and both men and women are the best in the world. Modern Japanese society is about to become a super-aging society. On the other hand, life-style related diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension caused by the decline in physical function due to aging and past diets are no longer a single disease, but one person has multiple diseases. Therefore, problems such as an increase in medical costs are greatly closed up.
[0008]
On the other hand, despite the fact that Okinawa Prefecture is the longest-lived prefecture in Japan, the medical burden is the lowest in the country. This means longevity and less illness, which is why the value of traditional Okinawan meals and ingredients has been reviewed. These traditional ingredients are materials that have been used for many centuries, are readily available, and can be considered to be extremely safe and inexpensive materials of natural origin.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in modern Japanese society, which is facing a super-aging society, there is a strong demand for the provision of functional food materials that prevent and delay disease rather than the development of drugs aimed at curing the disease. In other words, it is the use of ordinary foods using natural biological materials, dietary supplements such as supplements, foods for specified health use, etc., which are commonly used in the West. It is not a chemically synthesized drug that is based on a balance between powerful effects and side effects, but on the other hand, it provides a mild effect and provides natural-derived materials that can be ingested on a daily basis. It is. The present invention provides a dry powder or extract of a biological material traditionally used in nature, particularly in long-lived islands and subtropical Okinawa, so that the components in the dry powder or extract act as an inhibitor of blood sugar rise and blood pressure rise. By defining the extraction conditions, it is an object to provide a safe natural material that can prevent diabetes and obesity and can also prevent hypertension.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors diligently search for the physiological action of natural foods and biological resources of natural origin that can be obtained in subtropical Okinawa, and the biological group according to claim 1 having a suppression of blood glucose elevation and blood pressure elevation. Further, the present invention was completed by determining drying and extraction conditions so that the components in the headline and the dry powder or extract of these biological materials act as an inhibitory effect on blood glucose and blood pressure.
[0011]
That is, this invention has a component which inhibits any one of angiotensin (1) converting enzyme, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, or all. Moxena, Greater Butterfly, Thrush, or Dormouse An angiotensin (1) -converting enzyme, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, or an inhibitor that inhibits any one of them, containing an extract of at least one biological material selected from the group consisting of: Anti-diabetic / anti-obesity agent, anti-hypertensive agent, anti-hypertensive agent, and medicine that suppresses the increase of blood pressure and blood sugar.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the biological resources selected in the present invention will be described.
[0013]
Moxena is a leguminous plant whose scientific name is Cassia Glauca Lam. It is a shrub native to tropical Asia. In Japan, it is placed in a greenhouse in winter, but in Okinawa it grows naturally.
[0015]
The giant butterfly is a leguminous plant and its scientific name is Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Sw. It is small Takagi. It is evergreen and has a sting on the branch. The leaves consist of 12 to 18 wings, the flowers are orange, 5 cm in diameter, and there are long tiny inflorescences that form a summit or coniferous or conical inflorescence.
[0016]
Tsurugumi is a plant belonging to the family Gummyaceae, and its scientific name is Elaeagnus glabra Thunb. It is an evergreen rattan book that is commonly found at the foothills and forest edges. The stem is semi-smooth, long and 3-5m long. The name of the vine gummy was named because the branches became vine-shaped.
[0017]
The bayberry is a plant of the genus department, and its scientific name is Myrica Rubra S. et Z. The evergreen Takagi. There are male and female different strains, and the fruit is juicy and ripens in magenta and tastes sweet and sour. From south central Honshu to Okinawa, the Korean Peninsula, China, Taiwan, Okinawa, and the Philippines.
[0019]
The use site of the organism group according to claim 1 is not particularly limited, Mokusenna is a flower or leaf, Macaw butterfly is a flower, Tsurugumi is a leaf, bayberry is a leaf or bark, Is preferred.
[0020]
The organism group extract according to claim 1 can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The extract referred to here is an extract or a dried product of the extract. In addition, an active ingredient can be extracted from the organism group according to claim 1 with an optimum solvent, and the extract can be used. The drying and extraction conditions are as follows so that the components in the extract of the biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 act as an inhibitory effect on blood sugar elevation and blood pressure elevation.
[0021]
As a condition that the component in the extract of the biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 acts as an inhibitory increase in blood glucose and an increase in blood pressure, the drying condition of the biological material includes: In addition, since there are components that are weak to heat and components that are easily oxidized, hot air drying or spray drying at 35 to 135 ° C., preferably hot air drying at 50 to 65 ° C., more preferably room temperature vacuum drying, Preference is given to freeze-drying under reduced pressure.
[0022]
The extraction solvent for the biological material is water, anhydrous, or water-containing organic as a condition that the components in the biological material extract selected from the biological group according to claim 1 act as an inhibitory effect on blood glucose elevation and blood pressure elevation. As the solvent, one or more selected from monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols or derivatives thereof, ketones, esters, ethers, petroleum ethers, aliphatic hydrocarbons or halides, and aromatic hydrocarbons can be used. Specific examples of the solvent include monohydric alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isobutanol, n-hexanol, methylamyl alcohol, 2-ethylbutanol, and n-octanol. Multivalent carbon number of 2 to 6 such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether Alcohols or derivatives thereof; ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as acetone, methylacetone, ethylmethylketone, isobutylmethylketone, methyl-n-propylketone; ethyl acetate, isopate Esters having 4 to 5 carbon atoms such as pills; Ethers and petroleum ethers having 4 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethyl ether, isopropyl ether and n-butyl ether; n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane and n-octane Aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 2 carbon atoms such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, and trichloroethylene; halogenated hydrocarbons having 6 to 7 carbon atoms such as benzene and toluene; These are aliphatic hydrocarbons and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, in order to develop foods, it is preferably a water-containing organic solvent, more preferably a water-containing monohydric alcohol, and most preferably water-containing ethanol.
[0023]
The extraction solvent concentration of the biological material is extracted in the case of water-containing ethanol as a condition that the components in the biological material extract selected from the biological group according to claim 1 act as an inhibitory effect on blood glucose and blood pressure. Concentration considering the use of food as a product, 0.1 to 90%, preferably 10 to 80%, more preferably 30 to 60%, and most preferably 40 to 50% .
[0024]
Since the component in the extract of the biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 acts as an inhibitory effect on blood glucose elevation and blood pressure elevation, the additive concentration of the biological material is a dry powder. The concentration considering the ratio between the density of the biological material and the density of the extraction solvent is 0.1 to 30% dry weight concentration, preferably 1 to 20% dry weight concentration, more preferably the water-containing ethanol capacity. 5-10% dry weight concentration.
[0025]
The extraction temperature of the biological material is extracted at about room temperature as a condition that the components in the biological material extract selected from the biological group according to claim 1 act as a blood glucose increase inhibitor and a blood pressure increase inhibitor. Alternatively, reflux extraction may be performed in the vicinity of the boiling point of the solvent to be used, but the temperature must be in consideration that some of the active ingredients are heat-sensitive and easily oxidized. Specifically, it is 20-90 degreeC, Preferably it is 50-85 degreeC.
[0026]
As a condition that the component in the extract of the biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 acts as an increase in blood sugar and an increase in blood pressure, the extraction time of the biological material varies depending on the extraction temperature, If it is room temperature, 6 hours-96 hours are preferable, and if it is the boiling point of a solvent, 1 minute-30 minutes are preferable. The number of extractions is preferably 1 to 3 times as extraction efficiency in consideration of the amount of solvent and the concentration of the biological material.
[0027]
The extract of the biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 can be used as it is or after being diluted, and can be used after removing the extraction solvent. For example, except for extraction with water, water-containing ethanol and ethanol, the extraction solvent is completely removed from the extract for food safety.
[0028]
The extract of the biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 obtained by the above method can be further purified, and the purified extract obtained can be used as an active ingredient. The purification treatment may be any method that is usually performed. For example, liquid-liquid distribution, liquid column chromatography, or the like can be used. In the case of purification by liquid chromatography, ion exchange resin, alumina, silica gel, agarose gel, or the like can be used as a packing material to be packed in the column. In addition, what is necessary is just to perform the refinement | purification process by a liquid column chromatography in accordance with a conventional method.
[0029]
The extract of the biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 can be used as a preventive agent, delay agent, therapeutic agent, food, food additive for diabetes, obesity and hypertension according to a conventional method. it can. When using the material having the blood glucose level and blood pressure elevation-suppressing action of the present invention as, for example, a food additive, the type of food is not limited as long as the object of the present invention is met. Specific examples include ice cream, cookies, and soups. , Noodles, soft drinks, natto, hot cakes, dressings, cereals, sauces, snacks, sprinkles and the like. The ratio of the above-mentioned extract added to these foods is combined with the type of raw material, and the amount of addition varies depending on the type of food. For example, in the case of a soft drink, 0.1 to 30 per total weight of the beverage % Wt%, preferably 0.5-5% wt%. In the case of noodles, 0.01 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight can be included.
[0030]
When an extract of a biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 is formulated and used as a food additive, a binder, an absorption accelerator, a lubricant, and an emulsifier according to a conventional method are used together with a diluent. , Surfactants, antioxidants, preservatives, colorants, fragrances, sweeteners and the like may be added.
[0031]
The form in the case of formulating the extract of the biological material selected from the biological group according to claim 1 and making it into a food additive is in the form of granules, fine granules, tablets, rounds, capsules, sprays, solutions , Suspension, ointment, gel, paste, cream and the like.
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, explanation of the test results in vitro and the results of in vivo effect confirmation test for the examples of the present invention The To do.
Example 1
Each plant was cut to an appropriate size, dried with warm air at 65 ° C. for 12 hours or freeze-dried, and then crushed and passed through a 0.5 mm mesh for each biological material. The extraction operation used high-pressure extraction. That is, 0.5 g to 5 g of each herb dry powder by dry weight is added to an extraction cell together with 5 g of diatomaceous earth, and extraction solvent: 50% ethanol, solvent amount: 25 ml, extraction temperature: 82 ° C., extraction pressure: 13. The extraction operation was performed under the conditions of 8 MPa, extraction time; 10 minutes, number of extraction times; The extract was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter.
[0033]
(Measurement of α-amylase inhibitory activity)
The α-amylase inhibitory activity was measured according to the method of Satoyama et al. (Journal of Japanese Society for Agricultural Chemistry, 72 (8), pp 933-936 (1998)). That is, α-amylase was dissolved in Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer (10 mM, pH 7.5) and appropriately diluted for use. Next, rice starch was suspended in citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.0) to a concentration of 1.0% (w / v), and this was heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes to be laked. . An equal volume of 3.2% (w / v) agar solution was mixed with this lake solution at 60 ° C., dispensed in 200 μl portions onto a microplate, allowed to cool and solidify, and a substrate plate was prepared. Inhibitory activity was measured by adding 25 μl of a solution prepared by mixing 1/10 volume of α-amylase solution prepared at 11 units to a substrate plate pre-incubated at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes, and reacting at 37 ° C. The absorbance at 655 nm at 5 minutes and 1 hour after the start is measured with a microplate reader, and the enzyme activity is calculated by a calibration curve obtained from a calibration interval prepared in the same plate. In the process in which starch is hydrolyzed by amylase, turbidity decreases due to low molecular weight of starch, and therefore, enzyme activity can be measured by reading the difference in absorbance before and after the reaction. The inhibitory activity was determined by the following formula.
[0034]
(Measurement of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity)
The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was measured according to the method of Deguchi et al. (Japan Agricultural Chemical Society, 72 (8), pp 923-931 (1998)). That is, rat intestinal acetone powder as a crude enzyme solution was suspended in 10 volumes of 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) and centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 45 minutes to obtain a crude enzyme solution. Add 10 μl of sample solution to 20 μl of crude enzyme solution, hold at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes, add 20 μl of 2% maltose solution, conduct enzyme reaction at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes, hold at 100 ° C. for 15 minutes, The reaction was stopped by heat deactivation. Next, the glucose concentration in the supernatant centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 5 minutes was measured using a commercially available kit, and the inhibitory activity was calculated by the following formula.
Inhibitory activity (%) = 100 × (1-glucose production amount at the time of sample addition / control production glucose amount).
[0035]
(Measurement of ACE inhibitory activity)
The ACE inhibitory activity was measured according to the method of Chuman et al. (Biochemistry, 16, p. 5484 (1977)). That is, Hippuryl L-histidyl L-leucine was used as a substrate and dissolved in a borate buffer solution (pH 8.3) containing 608 mM sodium chloride so that the substrate concentration was 7.6 mM. ACE was derived from rabbit lung and dissolved in the borate buffer solution to 67 U / ml. For the inhibitory activity, the ACE solution and the sample were mixed and preincubated for 5 minutes, then the substrate was added and reacted for a predetermined time, and the amount of liberated hippuric acid was measured with an HPLC system. The ACE inhibition rate (%) was determined by the following calculation formula.
[0036]
Table 1 shows the results of an α-amylase, α-glucosidase and ACE inhibitory activity test of the biological material extract.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Table 1 ACE, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities in biological material extracts
[0038]
(Example 2)
From the in vitro results in Table 1, it was demonstrated whether a material having ACE inhibitory activity actually acts in vivo. Here, an animal test using a raw material of claim 1 and an immature papaya fruit having an inhibition rate equivalent to the ACE inhibitory activity shown in Table 1 was conducted, and a blood pressure increase inhibitory effect test was conducted. As described in claim 5, the raw immature papaya fruit is crushed by a mixer and heated at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes in order to inactivate various enzyme activities such as papain, Lyophilized. The dried product was pulverized with a centrifugal pulverizer and then subjected to animal tests.
[0039]
Animals were acclimatized for 1 week to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which are 6-week-old pathological model animals, and 10 groups per group for 56 days so that there was no statistically significant difference in body weight and blood glucose level. The dosage form was prepared by blending the dry pulverized product with the feed to allow free feeding. At that time, a feed composition containing 10% as shown in Table 3 was prepared based on the nutritional components shown in Table 2 of unripe papaya and the results in a test tube so as to be nutritionally uniform. Body weight, food intake, and water intake were measured once a week from the first week of administration, and blood pressure was measured using the tail cuff method at a fixed time every week after administration. Rats were held in a holder kept at 38 ± 1 ° C. Further, after the experiment, liver weight, kidney weight, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were also measured. In addition, the value of a test result shows an average value, and an error bar shows a standard error. For statistical processing, Student's t-test was performed using SAS.
[0040]
[Table 2]
Table 2 Nutritional composition of unripe papaya (freeze-dried)
[0041]
[Table 3]
Table 3 Formula feed composition fed freely to SHR (%)
[0042]
As a result, there was no difference in body weight and food intake during the experiment compared to the control group. The average daily water consumption was significant (p <0) in the papaya mixed feed group (33.1 ± 0.68 ml / rat / day) compared to the control group (30.7 ± 0.83 ml / rat / day). .05).
[0043]
FIG. 1 shows changes in systolic blood pressure during the free papaya feeding period. In the figure, the average value and standard error of each group are shown, and the number of animals is 10. Moreover, * mark in a figure shows that there is a statistically significant difference at p <0.05 compared with a control group. Compared with the control group, the papaya-blended feed group showed a low value (P <0.23) at all measurement points after the first week, and decreased significantly (P <0.05) at the 5th and 6th week of the breeding. . From this, it was confirmed that the immature papaya fruit has an inhibitory effect on blood pressure increase.
[0044]
[Figure 1]
[0045]
FIG. 2 shows changes in plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration after the end of free papaya feeding. In the figure, the average value and standard error of each group are shown, and the number of animals is 10. In addition, ** marks in the figure indicate that there is a statistically significant difference at p <0.01 compared to the control group. The plasma total cholesterol concentration of the papaya-blended feed group was significantly (p <0.01) lower than that of the control group, and the plasma triglyceride concentration was declining (P = 0.22).
[0046]
[Figure 2]
[0047]
There was no change in the liver relative weight ratio per body weight, but the kidney relative weight ratio compared to the control group (0.65 ± 0.01%) compared to the control group (0.61 ± 0.01). %) Significantly decreased (p <0.05).
[0048]
From the above results, an effect of improving systolic blood pressure (maximum blood pressure), which is an early symptom of hypertension, was confirmed for papaya immature fruits having ACE inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the effect of improving lipid metabolism was also inferred from the fact that the action of lowering plasma cholesterol concentration was also observed.
[0049]
(Example 3)
From the in vitro results in Table 1, it was demonstrated whether a material having both α-amylase inhibitory activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity actually acts in vivo. An animal test was carried out using the wormwood and ensai having an inhibition rate equivalent to the α-amylase inhibitory activity and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity shown in Table 1, and a blood glucose level increase inhibitory effect test was conducted. Ensai lyophilized the edible part, and the Japanese mugwort dried leaves at 65 ° C. for about 12 hours. Each dried product was pulverized with a centrifugal pulverizer. Ensai has used this ground product for animal testing. The wormwood added a predetermined amount of distilled water to the pulverized product, homogenized for about 1 minute, and allowed to stand in a boiling water bath for 20 minutes to obtain a hot water extract. The ratio of wormwood and distilled water is 1:10. Next, the hot water extract was dried with a centrifugal evaporator, the required amount was finely divided using a mortar, and suspended in a medium (distilled water for injection) to a dosage concentration, and subjected to animal tests. The preparation was performed after returning to normal temperature, and the frequency was once every 6 to 8 days.
[0050]
Four-week-old type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) model animals (KK-Ay) were acclimated for 1 week, and 10 groups per group for 56 days so that there was no statistically significant difference in body weight and blood glucose level. As for the dosage form, the Japanese mugwort administered the hot water extract suspension once a day by gavage once a day at a fixed time. Ensai blended the dry pulverized product with the feed to allow free feeding. At that time, a feed composition containing 10% as shown in Table 5 was prepared based on the nutritional components shown in Table 4 and the results in the test tube so as to be nutritionally uniform. Based on the in vitro results, the dose of wormwood is 250 mg / kg B.E. W. I went there. Body weight, food intake and water intake are measured once a week from the first week of administration. Blood glucose measurement is the fasting blood glucose level of the first, third, fifth and seventh week of administration, and the blood glucose level of tail vein blood. did. Feeding was carried out immediately after the measurement. Fasting blood glycated hemoglobin concentration was measured on the 32nd and 54th days after the start of administration. In addition, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, liver weight, and kidney weight were also measured. In addition, the value of a test result shows an average value, and an error bar shows a standard error. For statistical processing, Student's t-test was performed using SAS.
[0051]
[Table 4]
Table 4 Nutritional composition of Ensai (lyophilized product)
[0052]
[Table 5]
Table 5 Composition of feed composition fed freely to KK-Ay (%)
[0053]
In addition, a maltose tolerance test was performed 1 week after the start of administration of wormwood. That is, 250 mg / kgB. W. A single oral administration is performed, and the blood glucose level is measured 20 minutes later. Next, maltose 2,000 mg / kgB. W. The blood glucose level was measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes (5 time points) after maltose administration. In addition, the value of a test result shows an average value, and an error bar shows a standard error. For statistical processing, Student's t-test was performed using SAS.
[0054]
As a result, there was no difference in the final body weight, daily average feed intake, and water consumption of the wormwood administration group compared to the control group. The daily average feed intake and water consumption of the ensai combination feed group were not different from the control group, but the daily average weight gain was 0.21 ± 0.01 gram / mouse. / Day), it significantly decreased (p <0.01) in the ensai combination feed group (0.16 ± 0.01 gram / mouse / day). From this, ensai was inferred to have a diet effect (anti-obesity).
[0055]
FIG. 3 shows changes in fasting blood glucose levels during the period of administration of wormwood. In the figure, the average value and standard error of each group are shown, and the number of animals is 8. Moreover, * mark in a figure shows that there is a statistically significant difference at p <0.05 compared with a control group. The blood glucose level at 1 week after administration was significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the wormwood administration group as compared with the control group, and showed a significant decrease until 5 weeks. From this, it was confirmed that the effect of suppressing the increase in blood glucose level in the fasting state.
[0056]
[Fig. 3]
[0057]
FIG. 4 shows changes in the fasting blood glucose level during a period in which the ensai combination feed is freely fed. In the figure, the average value and standard error of each group are shown, and the number of animals is 10. Further, * and ** marks in the figure indicate that there is a statistically significant difference at p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively, compared with the control group. The blood glucose level at 3 weeks after feeding decreased significantly (P <0.01) in 53% of the control group in the ensai combination feed group (222 mg / dl) compared to the control group (417 mg / dl), Thereafter, it decreased significantly during the feeding period. From this, it was confirmed that the effect of suppressing the increase in blood glucose level during fasting was confirmed, and that the effect lasted for the feeding period.
[0058]
[Fig. 4]
[0059]
FIG. 5 shows changes in blood glycated hemoglobin concentration on days 32 and 54 of free feeding of the ensai blended feed. In the figure, the average value and standard error of each group are shown, and the number of animals is 10. Further, * and ** marks in the figure indicate that there is a statistically significant difference at p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively, compared with the control group. The blood glycated hemoglobin concentration on the 32nd day of feeding was significantly (P <0.01) lower in the ensai combination feed group (11.6%) compared to the control group (12.7%), and then 54 It decreased significantly on the day. Since the action of lowering the blood glycated hemoglobin concentration was confirmed, diabetes prevention / delay effect was confirmed.
[0060]
[Figure 5]
[0061]
FIG. 6 shows the change in plasma total cholesterol concentration after the end of the feeding of the ensai combination feed. In the figure, the average value and standard error of each group are shown, and the number of animals is 10. Moreover, * mark in a figure shows that there is a statistically significant difference at p <0.05 compared with a control group. The total plasma cholesterol concentration of the ensai combination feed group was significantly reduced (p <0.05) compared to the control group. Although data are not shown, the plasma TG concentration showed a decreasing tendency (P <0.12) in the ensai combination feed group compared to the control group. From this, the lipid metabolism improvement effect was guessed. Moreover, the liver relative weight ratio per body weight is significant (p <0.05) in the ensai combination feed group (4.01 ± 0.07%) compared to the control group (4.01 ± 0.13%). Declined.
[0062]
[Fig. 6]
[0063]
FIG. 7 shows the change in blood glucose level during the maltose load test in the first week after administration of wormwood. In the figure, the average value and standard error of each group are shown, and the number of animals is 10. In addition, ** marks in the figure indicate that there is a statistically significant difference at p <0.01 compared to the control group. The blood glucose level at 30 and 60 minutes after the administration of wormwood was significantly (p <0.01) lower than that of the control group. From this, it was confirmed that α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which is an in-vitro test result, is the main action point for the inhibitory effect on the blood sugar level of wormwood.
[0064]
[Fig. 7]
[0065]
From the above results, the effect of improving fasting blood glucose level, which is the main symptom of diabetes, was confirmed in Nishimogi and Ensai which have both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. From the fact that the blood glycated hemoglobin concentration, which is an index of blood glucose level control from, decreased, the prevention / delay effect of diabetes was confirmed. Ensai also had an anti-obesity effect (diet effect). Furthermore, the effect of lipid metabolism improvement was presumed because Ensai also had a lowering effect on plasma cholesterol concentration. Moreover, since the blood glucose level increase inhibitory effect by the maltose load test in the 1st week after administration of wormwood was observed, it was confirmed that α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which is an in vitro test result, is the main action point.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
The functional material having the effects of suppressing blood sugar elevation (anti-diabetes mellitus / anti-obesity) and blood pressure elevation (anti-hypertension) of the present invention has a milder effect than a chemically synthesized drug, and further from the natural world, especially long-lived islands. Because of the traditional ingredients of subtropical Okinawa, it is highly safe. Furthermore, by defining the drying and extraction conditions such that the components in the dry powder or extract of the biological material act as a blood glucose rise inhibition and blood pressure rise inhibition, the blood sugar level and blood pressure rise inhibiting action are more efficiently performed. The material which it has together can be provided. Because of this, preparations, inhibitors, foods and foods for elderly people whose physical functions have declined due to aging, reserves with high blood sugar and blood pressure, and healthy people who are trying to maintain their health on a daily basis Ideal as an additive. Therefore, by using as a pharmaceutical, a functional food, and a food additive, it is extremely effective for the prevention / delay of obesity, diabetes and its complications, and hypertension.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 Suppression of blood pressure increase by ingestion of immature papaya fruit using SHR
[Fig. 2] Effect of immature papaya intake using SHR on lipid metabolism improvement
[Fig. 3] Oral administration of euglena using KK-Ay suppresses blood glucose level elevation.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of suppressing the increase in blood glucose level by ingestion of ensai mixed feed using KK-Ay.
[FIG. 5] Blood glycated hemoglobin concentration lowering effect of intake of ensai mixed feed using KK-Ay.
[Fig. 6] Lipid metabolism improvement effect of feed intake of ensai using KK-Ay.
FIG. 7 shows changes in blood glucose level in a single-dose trial of the Artemisia extract due to maltose load using KK-Ay.

Claims (7)

アンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素を阻害する成分を有するモクセンナ、オオゴチョウ、ツルグミ、またはヤマモモからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類以上の植物からの、ケイソウ土を添加し、82℃の抽出温度で、50%エタノールにより得た抽出物を、含有するアンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素阻害剤。Add diatomaceous earth from at least one plant selected from the group consisting of Moxena, Ogocho, Tsurugumi, or bayberry having a component that inhibits angiotensin (1) converting enzyme at an extraction temperature of 82 ° C. at 50 ° C. An angiotensin (1) converting enzyme inhibitor containing an extract obtained with% ethanol. α−アミラーゼを阻害する成分を有するモクセンナ、オオゴチョウ、ツルグミ、またはヤマモモからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類以上の植物からの、ケイソウ土を添加し、82℃の抽出温度で、50%エタノールにより得た抽出物を、含有するα−アミラーゼ阻害剤。Add diatomaceous earth from at least one kind of plant selected from the group consisting of Moxena, Lycaenidae, Tsurugumi, or bayberry having a component that inhibits α-amylase, and with 50% ethanol at an extraction temperature of 82 ° C. An α-amylase inhibitor containing the obtained extract. α−グルコシダーゼを阻害する成分を有するモクセンナ、オオゴチョウ、ツルグミ、またはヤマモモからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類以上の植物からの、ケイソウ土を添加し、82℃の抽出温度で、50%エタノールにより得た抽出物を、含有するα−グルコシダーゼ阻害剤。Add diatomaceous earth from at least one plant selected from the group consisting of Moxena, Lycaenidae, Tsurugumi, or bayberry having a component that inhibits α-glucosidase, and with 50% ethanol at an extraction temperature of 82 ° C. An α-glucosidase inhibitor containing the obtained extract. アンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素、α−アミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼのいずれをも阻害する成分を有するモクセンナ、オオゴチョウ、ツルグミ、またはヤマモモからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類以上の植物からの、ケイソウ土を添加し、82℃の抽出温度で、50%エタノールにより得た抽出物を、含有するアンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素、α−アミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼのいずれをも阻害する阻害剤。A diatomaceous earth from at least one kind of plant selected from the group consisting of a mossena, a giant butterfly, a thrush or a bayberry having a component that inhibits any of angiotensin (1) converting enzyme, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. An inhibitor which inhibits any of angiotensin (1) converting enzyme, α-amylase and α-glucosidase containing an extract obtained by adding 50% ethanol at an extraction temperature of 82 ° C. アンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素を阻害する成分を有するモクセンナ、オオゴチョウ、ツルグミ、またはヤマモモからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類以上の植物からの、ケイソウ土を添加し、82℃の抽出温度で、50%エタノールにより得た抽出物を、含有する血圧上昇抑制剤。Add diatomaceous earth from at least one plant selected from the group consisting of Moxena, Ogocho, Tsurugumi, or bayberry having a component that inhibits angiotensin (1) converting enzyme at an extraction temperature of 82 ° C. at 50 ° C. An antihypertensive agent containing an extract obtained with% ethanol. α−アミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼのいずれかを阻害する成分を有するモクセンナ、オオゴチョウ、ツルグミ、またはヤマモモからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類以上の植物からの、ケイソウ土を添加し、82℃の抽出温度で、50%エタノールにより得た抽出物を、含有する血糖上昇抑制剤。Extraction at 82 ° C. with addition of diatomaceous earth from at least one plant selected from the group consisting of Moxena, Ogocho butterfly, Tsurugumi, or bayberry having a component that inhibits either α-amylase or α-glucosidase A blood sugar elevation inhibitor containing an extract obtained with 50% ethanol at a temperature. アンジオテンシン(1)変換酵素、α−アミラーゼ、α−グルコシダーゼのいずれをも阻害する成分を有するモクセンナ、オオゴチョウ、ツルグミ、またはヤマモモからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類以上の植物からの、ケイソウ土を添加し、82℃の抽出温度で、50%エタノールにより得た抽出物を、含有する血圧及び血糖のいずれをも上昇を抑制する医薬。A diatomaceous earth from at least one kind of plant selected from the group consisting of a mossena, a giant butterfly, a thrush or a bayberry having a component that inhibits any of angiotensin (1) converting enzyme, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. A pharmaceutical which suppresses an increase in both blood pressure and blood glucose, which is added and contains an extract obtained with 50% ethanol at an extraction temperature of 82 ° C.
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