JP4660367B2 - Rechargeable battery remaining capacity detection method - Google Patents

Rechargeable battery remaining capacity detection method Download PDF

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JP4660367B2
JP4660367B2 JP2005349221A JP2005349221A JP4660367B2 JP 4660367 B2 JP4660367 B2 JP 4660367B2 JP 2005349221 A JP2005349221 A JP 2005349221A JP 2005349221 A JP2005349221 A JP 2005349221A JP 4660367 B2 JP4660367 B2 JP 4660367B2
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voltage
battery
remaining capacity
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secondary battery
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JP2007155434A (en
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高広 村上
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、二次電池の残存容量検出方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for detecting a remaining capacity of a secondary battery.

ノートパソコンや携帯電話等の携帯型電子機器においては、その電源として充放電可能な二次電池が用いられている。こうした場合、電源の供給が突然に途絶えて、データが失われたり使用できなくなってしまうことがないように、二次電池の残存容量を検出して表示するようにしている。   2. Description of the Related Art In portable electronic devices such as notebook computers and mobile phones, rechargeable secondary batteries are used as power sources. In such a case, the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is detected and displayed so that the power supply is not suddenly interrupted and data is lost or cannot be used.

斯る残存容量の検出は、通常、二次電池の放電電流を積算し、この積算量を二次電池の電池容量から減算することにより行っている。しかし、この方法では、二次電池の劣化や使用環境の変化により、二次電池の容量が変化するため、実際の残存容量と検出した残存容量との間に誤差が生じてしまう。   Such detection of the remaining capacity is normally performed by integrating the discharge current of the secondary battery and subtracting this integrated amount from the battery capacity of the secondary battery. However, in this method, since the capacity of the secondary battery changes due to deterioration of the secondary battery or changes in the usage environment, an error occurs between the actual remaining capacity and the detected remaining capacity.

斯る誤差を補正して正確な残存容量を表示する技術が、下記特許文献１に開示されている。同公報によれば、二次電池の満充電電圧、ＬＯＷバッテリ電圧、デッドバッテリ電圧などの複数の所定電圧に対応して予め求めておいた実際の二次電池の残存容量に基づいて、放電電流の積算結果から検出した残存容量を補正することにより、正確な残存容量を検出する技術が示されている。   A technique for correcting such an error and displaying an accurate remaining capacity is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. According to the publication, the discharge current is determined based on the actual remaining capacity of the secondary battery obtained in advance corresponding to a plurality of predetermined voltages such as a full charge voltage of the secondary battery, a LOW battery voltage, and a dead battery voltage. There is shown a technique for accurately detecting the remaining capacity by correcting the remaining capacity detected from the result of integration.

また、特許文献２には、劣化した電池においても残存容量を補正できる技術が開示されている。即ち、同公報の図２において、放電時の二次電池（具体的にはニッケルカドミウム電池）の電池電圧の変化を示すグラフであり、実線は初期状態の二次電池の放電カーブを、破線は所定回数の放電サイクルが経過した後の二次電池の放電カーブを、夫々示している。   Patent Document 2 discloses a technique that can correct the remaining capacity even in a deteriorated battery. That is, in FIG. 2 of the same publication, the graph shows the change in the battery voltage of the secondary battery (specifically, the nickel cadmium battery) at the time of discharge, the solid line shows the discharge curve of the secondary battery in the initial state, and the broken line shows The discharge curves of the secondary battery after a predetermined number of discharge cycles have elapsed are respectively shown.

同グラフから明らかなように、二次電池の放電カーブは、二次電池の放電サイクルが進むに従って降下する。このため、所定電圧（例えば、図２の第１電圧Ｖ１）に対応して予め求めておいた二次電池の残存容量によって、検出した残存容量を補正すると、二次電池の放電サイクルが進むにつれて、大きなずれが生じてしまう。   As is apparent from the graph, the discharge curve of the secondary battery decreases as the discharge cycle of the secondary battery progresses. For this reason, if the detected remaining capacity is corrected based on the remaining capacity of the secondary battery obtained in advance corresponding to a predetermined voltage (for example, the first voltage V1 in FIG. 2), the discharge cycle of the secondary battery proceeds. A big shift occurs.

即ち、破線で示された放電カーブを示す二次電池において、その電池電圧が第１電圧Ｖ１に到達した時点での残存容量は、同図から明らかなように、実線で示す二次電池の残存容量よりも多いにも係わらず、第１電圧Ｖ１に対応して予め求められた残存容量に補正されてしまうことから、実際の容量よりも少ない残存容量となってしまう。   That is, in the secondary battery showing the discharge curve indicated by the broken line, the remaining capacity when the battery voltage reaches the first voltage V1 is the remaining capacity of the secondary battery indicated by the solid line, as is apparent from FIG. Although the capacity is larger than the capacity, the remaining capacity is corrected in advance corresponding to the first voltage V1, so that the remaining capacity is smaller than the actual capacity.

この問題を解決するために、特許文献２においては、二次電池の放電中に電池電圧が第１電圧及び当該電圧より低い第２電圧に達すると、これらの電圧に対応して予め設定されている第１の設定残存容量及び第２の設定残存容量により、前記第１電圧に達した時点で算出された第１の算出残存容量及び前記第２電圧に達した時点で算出された第２の算出残存容量の各々を、前記第１の設定残存容量及び第２の設定残存容量に補正する工程と、前記第１電圧及び第２電圧に達した時点で算出された第１の算出残存容量と第２の算出残存容量との第１の差と、前記第１の設定残存容量と第２の設定残存容量との第２の差とを比較する工程と、次回の二次電池の放電時において前記第１の差が第２の差に等しくなるように、前記第１電圧を変更する工程とを備えている。これにより、二次電池の残存容量を正確に検出している。
特開平５−８７８９６号 特開平１０−２１３６３８号 In order to solve this problem, in Patent Document 2, when the battery voltage reaches the first voltage and the second voltage lower than the voltage during the discharge of the secondary battery, the voltage is set in advance corresponding to these voltages. A first calculated remaining capacity calculated when the first voltage is reached and a second calculated when the second voltage is reached by the first set remaining capacity and the second set remaining capacity. Correcting each of the calculated remaining capacity to the first set remaining capacity and the second set remaining capacity, and a first calculated remaining capacity calculated when the first voltage and the second voltage are reached. Comparing the first difference with the second calculated remaining capacity and the second difference between the first set remaining capacity and the second set remaining capacity, and at the next discharge of the secondary battery Changing the first voltage so that the first difference is equal to the second difference; And a degree. Thereby, the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is accurately detected.
JP-A-5-87896 JP 10-213638 A

しかしながら、特許文献２においては、変更された第1電圧においては、第１の設定残存容量である実際の残存容量に対応した電圧ではないので、残存容量が適切でないことがある。   However, in Patent Document 2, since the changed first voltage is not a voltage corresponding to the actual remaining capacity which is the first set remaining capacity, the remaining capacity may not be appropriate.

本発明は、このような問題点を解決するために成されたものであり、より適切、正確な残存容量を検出する方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a more appropriate and accurate method for detecting the remaining capacity.

本発明は、二次電池の放電電流又は充電電流を積算して前記二次電池の総容量を得る工程と、放電電流を積算した積算量より前記二次電池の残存容量を算出する工程と、前記積算量に対応した前記二次電池の電池電圧を検出、保存する工程と、前記二次電池の放電中に電池電圧が第１電圧に達すると、この電圧に対応して予め設定されている設定残存容量率により、前記第１電圧に達した時点で算出された残存容量率を、前記設定残存容量率に補正する工程と、前記総容量を得る工程以降の二次電池の放電時において、（総容量−積算量）／（総容量）＝設定残存容量率の関係式より、前記積算量を演算し、この演算した積算量に近い前記保存された前記積算量並びにこれに対応した前記二次電池の電池電圧を選択し、この選択された電池電圧を更新された前記第1電圧として前記補正する工程を行うことを特徴とする。 The present invention includes a step of integrating a discharge current or a charge current of a secondary battery to obtain a total capacity of the secondary battery, a step of calculating a remaining capacity of the secondary battery from an integrated amount obtained by integrating the discharge current, A step of detecting and storing the battery voltage of the secondary battery corresponding to the integrated amount, and when the battery voltage reaches the first voltage during the discharge of the secondary battery, the voltage is preset corresponding to the voltage. by setting the residual capacity rate, the remaining capacity ratio calculated when it reaches the first voltage, and a step of correcting the set remaining capacity rate at the time of discharge of the secondary battery after the step of obtaining the total volume, The integrated amount is calculated from the relational expression of (total capacity-integrated amount) / (total capacity) = set remaining capacity ratio, the stored integrated amount close to the calculated integrated amount and the two corresponding to the calculated integrated amount. Select the battery voltage of the secondary battery and select this battery And performing said step of correcting the updated first voltage.

本発明においては、前記総容量を得る工程以降の二次電池の放電時において、（総容量−積算量）／（総容量）＝設定残存容量率の関係式より、前記積算量を演算し、この演算した積算量に近い前記保存された前記積算量並びにこれに対応した前記二次電池の電池電圧を選択し、この選択された電池電圧を更新された第1電圧として補正するので、設定残存容量に対応した電池電圧を適切に変更し、正確な残存容量を得ることができる。   In the present invention, at the time of discharging the secondary battery after the step of obtaining the total capacity, the total amount is calculated from the relational expression of (total capacity−integrated amount) / (total capacity) = set remaining capacity ratio, Since the stored integrated amount close to the calculated integrated amount and the battery voltage of the secondary battery corresponding thereto are selected, and the selected battery voltage is corrected as the updated first voltage, the set remaining By appropriately changing the battery voltage corresponding to the capacity, an accurate remaining capacity can be obtained.

つまり、電池が劣化して総容量が低下したり、特性が変化しても、（総容量−積算量）／（総容量）＝設定残存容量率となる積算量を、保存された積算量より選び、この積算量に対応した電池電圧を得ることにより、劣化した電池での正確な設定残存容量に対応した電池電圧を得ることができる。   In other words, even if the battery deteriorates and the total capacity decreases or the characteristics change, the total quantity that satisfies (total capacity-cumulative quantity) / (total capacity) = set remaining capacity ratio is calculated from the saved cumulative quantity. By selecting and obtaining a battery voltage corresponding to the integrated amount, a battery voltage corresponding to an accurate set remaining capacity in a deteriorated battery can be obtained.

本発明の実施例を、図を用いて詳細に説明する。図１に示すように、本実施例においては、パック電池Ａと、これを充電する電源を備える電子機器である携帯機器ＰＣとを備えている。携帯機器ＰＣは、ノート型のような携帯型パーソナルコンピュータである。パック電池Ａは、通常、携帯機器ＰＣに着脱自在に装着される構造である。携帯機器ＰＣには、コンセントからの交流商用電力を直流電力に変換するアダプター（図示せず）から出力される直流電力が供給され、この電力を制御し、供給するマイコンを内蔵する制御・電源手段Ｓを備えている。制御・電源手段Ｓからの電力出力は、パック電池Ａを充電するのに利用されたり、携帯機器ＰＣの負荷Ｌに電力供給される。また、商用電力より電力供給がない場合は、パック電池Ａより電力が供給され、電源回路Ｓ及び負荷Ｌを駆動させる。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the present embodiment includes a battery pack A and a portable device PC that is an electronic device including a power source for charging the battery pack A. The portable device PC is a portable personal computer such as a notebook computer. The battery pack A usually has a structure that is detachably attached to the portable device PC. The portable device PC is supplied with DC power output from an adapter (not shown) that converts AC commercial power from the outlet into DC power, and controls / powers means that controls this power and has a built-in microcomputer. S is provided. The power output from the control / power supply means S is used to charge the battery pack A or is supplied to the load L of the portable device PC. When power is not supplied from commercial power, power is supplied from the battery pack A to drive the power supply circuit S and the load L.

パック電池Ａにおいては、リチウムイオン電池又はニッケル水素電池等の二次電池１と、電池１の充放電時の電流を検出する抵抗等からなる電流検出部２と、電池１の充放電を監視、制御するマイクロプロセッサーユニット(以下、ＭＰＵと記す）とを備えている。また、パック電池Ａ内には、電池１に密接して配置されたサーミスタを含む温度検出部３が設けられている。   In the battery pack A, a secondary battery 1 such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery, a current detection unit 2 including a resistor or the like for detecting a current during charging / discharging of the battery 1, and charging / discharging of the battery 1 are monitored. And a microprocessor unit (hereinafter referred to as MPU) for control. In the battery pack A, a temperature detection unit 3 including a thermistor disposed in close contact with the battery 1 is provided.

ＭＰＵにおいては、電池電圧(測定箇所ｄ)、電流検出部２からの出力、温度検出部３からの出力のアナログ電圧が入力され、デジタル変換し、実電圧[mV]や実電流値[mA]等に換算するＡ／Ｄ変換部４が設けられている。そして、Ａ／Ｄ変換部４からの出力が、充放電制御・演算部５に入力されて、演算、比較、判定等が行われて、この制御・演算部５からの信号で、スイッチングトランジスタ等からなる制御素子７をオンオフ制御する。   In the MPU, the battery voltage (measurement point d), the analog voltage output from the current detector 2 and the analog voltage output from the temperature detector 3 are input, converted into digital values, and the actual voltage [mV] or actual current value [mA]. An A / D conversion unit 4 for converting to the above is provided. Then, the output from the A / D conversion unit 4 is input to the charge / discharge control / calculation unit 5, where calculation, comparison, determination, and the like are performed. With the signal from the control / calculation unit 5, a switching transistor, etc. The control element 7 comprising:

つまり、制御・演算部５においては、充放電電流を積算して残容量を演算処理したり、電池１の満充電を検出したり、異常電流、異常温度、異常電圧の検出時等に、充放電を制御する。そして、スイッチングトランジスタ等からなる制御素子７は、オンオフ制御され、異常電流、異常温度、異常電圧の検出時に、制御・演算部５からの制御信号で電流を遮断する。周知技術を利用して、制御・演算部５においては、A/D変換部４によって変換された充放電電流に測定単位時間（例えば、２５０ｍsec）を掛け算した値を積算し、放電時においては満充電から積算量を引き算し、或いは、充電時においては充電開始時の残容量より積算量を加算する。このような演算により、電池１の残容量を算出している。また、制御・演算部５においては、充各種データをメモリーに記録している。   In other words, the control / calculation unit 5 calculates the remaining capacity by accumulating the charge / discharge current, detects the full charge of the battery 1, detects the abnormal current, abnormal temperature, abnormal voltage, etc. Control the discharge. The control element 7 composed of a switching transistor or the like is on / off controlled, and cuts off the current with a control signal from the control / calculation unit 5 when detecting an abnormal current, abnormal temperature, or abnormal voltage. Using a well-known technique, the control / calculation unit 5 integrates the value obtained by multiplying the charging / discharging current converted by the A / D conversion unit 4 by a measurement unit time (for example, 250 msec), and is satisfied during discharge. The integrated amount is subtracted from the charge, or, at the time of charging, the integrated amount is added from the remaining capacity at the start of charging. The remaining capacity of the battery 1 is calculated by such calculation. Further, the control / calculation unit 5 records various charging data in the memory.

また、制御・演算部５において、満充電の検出については、電池１がニッケル水素電池等の場合は、ピーク電圧を検出したり、電池電圧の−ΔＶ（＝電圧低下）を検出したり、演算された残容量を利用したり等の周知の方法にて検出している。電池１がリチウムイオン電池の場合は、電流、電圧を規制した定電流・定電圧充電を利用し、電圧が所定値以上、電流が所定値以下の条件のとき、満充電とする。満充電を検出したとき、制御・演算部５は残容量を100%とする情報を出力する。満充電の情報は、通信ラインを介して、電子機器Ｐに送信されることもできる。   Further, in the control / calculation unit 5, when the battery 1 is a nickel metal hydride battery or the like, the peak voltage is detected, the battery voltage −ΔV (= voltage drop) is detected, and the full charge is detected. It is detected by a known method such as using the remaining capacity. When the battery 1 is a lithium ion battery, constant current / constant voltage charging with regulated current and voltage is used. When the voltage is not less than a predetermined value and the current is not more than a predetermined value, the battery 1 is fully charged. When the full charge is detected, the control / calculation unit 5 outputs information indicating that the remaining capacity is 100%. The full charge information can also be transmitted to the electronic device P via the communication line.

また、MPUにおいては、電池電圧、残容量、充放電電流値等の各種の電池情報、各種指令の情報を、携帯機器ＰＣの制御・電源手段Ｓに伝送する通信部９を備えている。パック電池Ａと携帯機器ＰＣとの通信処理は、以下のように、通信部９にて行われる。通信部９は、電池電圧、残容量、充放電電流値等の各種の電池情報を携帯機器ＰＣが受信できる信号データに作成する通信データ作成部と、実際に通信を行うためのドライバ部と備え、残容量を算出するための各種パラメータの記憶や諸々のデータを記憶する為の制御・演算部５内メモリを利用する。また、電子機器からバッテリパックの各種情報の送信要求をドライバ部にて受け、通信データ作成部にて作成されたデータをドライバ部から電子機器に送信する。通信方式としては、周知技術であるＳＭＢｕｓ方式等が利用でき、２つの通信ラインであるデータラインＳＤＡ、クロックラインＳＣＬを介して、データ信号等を送信、受信する機能を備えている。   The MPU also includes a communication unit 9 that transmits various battery information such as battery voltage, remaining capacity, charge / discharge current value, and various command information to the control / power supply means S of the portable device PC. Communication processing between the battery pack A and the portable device PC is performed by the communication unit 9 as follows. The communication unit 9 includes a communication data generation unit that generates various battery information such as a battery voltage, a remaining capacity, and a charge / discharge current value as signal data that can be received by the portable device PC, and a driver unit that performs actual communication. The memory in the control / arithmetic unit 5 for storing various parameters for calculating the remaining capacity and various data is used. In addition, the driver unit receives a request for transmission of various information of the battery pack from the electronic device, and transmits the data created by the communication data creation unit to the electronic device from the driver unit. As a communication system, a well-known technique such as the SMBus system can be used, and it has a function of transmitting and receiving data signals and the like via two communication lines, a data line SDA and a clock line SCL.

パック電池Ａは、携帯時等の商用電力を利用できないときに利用されるので、通常、電池１は満充電に近い状態で保管される。また、停電の発生は、通常、非常に少ないので、電池１の残容量の低下は、電池の自己放電及びパック電池Ａ内の電力消費より発生する。充放電制御・演算部５で、電池１の残容量が、自己放電、回路の電力消費等により、再充電容量に到達したら再充電を開始する。そして、再充電容量は、満充電容量から所定時間あたりの電流値の積算を減算して求めても良く、また、再充電容量に対応した電池電圧より求めても良い。また、再充電容量は、再充電容量を９０％としている。   Since the battery pack A is used when commercial power cannot be used such as when it is carried, the battery 1 is normally stored in a state close to full charge. Moreover, since the occurrence of a power failure is usually very small, the decrease in the remaining capacity of the battery 1 occurs due to the self-discharge of the battery and the power consumption in the battery pack A. The charge / discharge control / calculation unit 5 starts recharging when the remaining capacity of the battery 1 reaches the recharge capacity due to self-discharge, circuit power consumption, and the like. The recharge capacity may be obtained by subtracting the integration of the current value per predetermined time from the full charge capacity, or may be obtained from the battery voltage corresponding to the recharge capacity. Further, the recharge capacity is 90%.

本実施例においては、制御・演算部５では、以下のように処理を行う。制御・演算部５は、電池１を放電して、後述する電池１の総容量である総放電量（＝学習容量）から放電容量を減算して、電池１の残量を電流の積算量又は積算量（Ａｈ）として演算する。また、制御・演算部５においては、放電中、（総容量−積算量）／（総容量）＝残存容量率の関係式より、電池１の残存容量率（％）を演算する。充電容量は、電池１の充電電流の積算量で、あるいはこれに充電効率をかけて演算される。放電容量は、放電電流の積算量、あるいは放電効率を考慮して演算される。積算部５は、電流の積算に代わって、電力の積算量（Ｗｈ）で残量を演算することもできる。電力の積算値は、充電電力から放電電力を減算して演算される。   In the present embodiment, the control / arithmetic unit 5 performs processing as follows. The control / arithmetic unit 5 discharges the battery 1 and subtracts the discharge capacity from the total discharge amount (= learning capacity), which is the total capacity of the battery 1 to be described later. Calculated as the integrated amount (Ah). Further, the control / calculation unit 5 calculates the remaining capacity ratio (%) of the battery 1 from the relational expression of (total capacity−integrated amount) / (total capacity) = remaining capacity ratio during discharging. The charge capacity is calculated by the integrated amount of the charge current of the battery 1 or by multiplying this by the charge efficiency. The discharge capacity is calculated in consideration of the integrated amount of discharge current or discharge efficiency. The integrating unit 5 can calculate the remaining amount by the integrated amount of electric power (Wh) instead of integrating the current. The integrated value of power is calculated by subtracting discharge power from charge power.

ここでは、その時点での電池の総容量（＝学習容量）としては、満充電した状態から完全に放電されるまでの放電の積算容量（Ａｈ又はＷｈ）でも、電池１を完全に放電した状態から満充電されるまでの充電の積算容量（Ａｈ又はＷｈ）でもよい。 また、これ以外の方法でも、総容量が得られるのであれば、その時点での電池の総容量としても良い。   Here, as the total capacity of the battery (= learning capacity) at that time, the battery 1 is completely discharged even with the accumulated capacity (Ah or Wh) of the discharge from the fully charged state to the fully discharged state. The accumulated capacity (Ah or Wh) of charging from full charge to full charge may be used. If the total capacity can be obtained by other methods, the total capacity of the battery at that time may be used.

また、制御・演算部５は、放電中において、一定放電量又は一定時間毎に、その時点での放電電流の積算量と、これに対応したその時点での電池電圧値を検出、メモリーに保存する。   In addition, during discharge, the control / calculation unit 5 detects the accumulated amount of discharge current at that time and the corresponding battery voltage value at that time and stores it in the memory for every constant discharge amount or every certain time. To do.

放電が進んで、制御・演算部５は、Ａ／Ｄ変換部４から入力される電圧信号で、残量を補正する。Ａ／Ｄ変換部４から、電池１の電圧が第１電圧に到達、低下したことを示す信号が入力されると、制御・演算部５は第1電圧（例えば、リチウムイオン電池３．６Ｖ／セル）に対応して予め設定されている第１残存容量（率）Ｙａ１（例えば、８％）により、算出した残存容量率を補正する。   As the discharge proceeds, the control / calculation unit 5 corrects the remaining amount with the voltage signal input from the A / D conversion unit 4. When a signal indicating that the voltage of the battery 1 has reached or dropped from the A / D conversion unit 4 is input, the control / calculation unit 5 causes the first voltage (for example, a lithium ion battery 3.6V / The calculated remaining capacity rate is corrected by a first remaining capacity (rate) Ya1 (for example, 8%) set in advance corresponding to the cell.

即ち、第１残存容量Ｙａ１を残存容量８％とすると、制御・演算部５は、算出した残存容量が９％になると、二次電池１ の電池電圧が第１電圧Ｖ１に低下するまで、残存容量として９％を保持する。一方、算出した残存容量が９％以上の場合に、二次電池１の電池電圧が第１電圧Ｖ１に低下すると、その時点で、制御・演算部５は、算出した残存容量の値を８％に補正する。   That is, assuming that the first remaining capacity Ya1 is 8%, the control / calculation unit 5 causes the remaining capacity until the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 decreases to the first voltage V1 when the calculated remaining capacity reaches 9%. Hold 9% as capacity. On the other hand, when the calculated remaining capacity is 9% or more and the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 decreases to the first voltage V1, the control / calculation unit 5 sets the calculated remaining capacity value to 8%. To correct.

さらに、放電が進んで、電池１の電圧が所定の放電終止電圧に低下したことを示す信号が入力されると、制御・演算部５は演算した残量を０に補正する。電池電圧が放電終止電圧まで低下すると、電池１の実際の容量は、下限容量として、０になるからである。そして、制御・演算部５は、放電開始から放電終止電圧までの放電電流積算量を、総放電量（＝総容量）として演算、保存する。   Further, when the discharge progresses and a signal indicating that the voltage of the battery 1 has decreased to a predetermined discharge end voltage is input, the control / calculation unit 5 corrects the calculated remaining amount to zero. This is because when the battery voltage decreases to the discharge end voltage, the actual capacity of the battery 1 becomes 0 as the lower limit capacity. Then, the control / calculation unit 5 calculates and stores the discharge current integrated amount from the start of discharge to the discharge end voltage as a total discharge amount (= total capacity).

そして、制御・演算部５は、総放電量（＝学習容量）の得た後、次の総放電量が得られるまで、この総放電量を利用する。   After obtaining the total discharge amount (= learning capacity), the control / calculation unit 5 uses this total discharge amount until the next total discharge amount is obtained.

制御・演算部５は、総容量（＝学習容量）を得て、総容量を更新するときは、（総容量−積算量）／（総容量）＝設定残存容量率の関係式より、積算量を演算し、この演算した積算量に近い上述のメモリーに保存された積算量並びにこれに対応した二次電池の電池電圧を選択する。そして、この選択された電池電圧を更新された第1電圧として補正する。よって、劣化した電池での正確な設定残存容量に対応した電池電圧を得ることができる。これにより、電池が劣化して容量が低下したときでも、特性が変化しても、（正確に設定残存容量率に対応した電池電圧を得ることできる。従って、本実施例では、正確な残存容量、残存容量率を得ることができる。制御・演算部５は、以上の処理を繰り返すことになる。   When the control / calculation unit 5 obtains the total capacity (= learning capacity) and updates the total capacity, the integrated quantity is calculated from the relational expression of (total capacity−integrated quantity) / (total capacity) = set remaining capacity ratio. And the integrated amount stored in the above memory close to the calculated integrated amount and the battery voltage of the secondary battery corresponding to the integrated amount are selected. Then, the selected battery voltage is corrected as the updated first voltage. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a battery voltage corresponding to an accurate set remaining capacity in a deteriorated battery. As a result, even when the battery is deteriorated and the capacity is decreased, even if the characteristics are changed (a battery voltage corresponding to the set remaining capacity ratio can be accurately obtained. Therefore, in this embodiment, an accurate remaining capacity is obtained. The control / calculation unit 5 repeats the above processing.

このような制御・演算部５での処理について、図２の放電時間と、電池電圧、放電積算量との関係で説明する。図２においては、制御・演算部５は、放電中において、一定放電量又は一定時間毎に、その時点での放電電流の積算量と、これに対応したその時点での電池電圧値を検出、メモリーに保存していく。そして、電池１の電圧が所定の放電終止電圧に低下したとき放電を終了して、満充電状態からの総放電容量として総容量が1000mAhと測定して、得られる。そして、（総容量−積算量）／（総容量）＝８％（＝設定残存容量率）の関係式より、積算量を920mAhと演算する。メモリーに保存されたデータより、積算量920mAhに近いものを選択し、この選択した積算量と共に保存されている電池電圧値を得ることができる。これにより、総容量が1000mAhのときの、残存容量８％の電池電圧を、実測により得ることができる。   Such processing in the control / arithmetic unit 5 will be described in relation to the discharge time, battery voltage, and integrated discharge amount in FIG. In FIG. 2, the control / calculation unit 5 detects the accumulated amount of the discharge current at that time and the battery voltage value at that time corresponding to this at every constant discharge amount or every constant time during the discharge. Save to memory. Then, the discharge is terminated when the voltage of the battery 1 drops to a predetermined discharge end voltage, and the total capacity is measured as 1000 mAh as the total discharge capacity from the fully charged state. Then, the integrated amount is calculated as 920 mAh from the relational expression of (total capacity−integrated amount) / (total capacity) = 8% (= set remaining capacity ratio). From the data stored in the memory, the one close to the integrated amount 920 mAh can be selected, and the battery voltage value stored together with the selected integrated amount can be obtained. Thereby, when the total capacity is 1000 mAh, a battery voltage with a remaining capacity of 8% can be obtained by actual measurement.

なお、更新される第1電圧と、事前の第1電圧との差が、所定値以下のときは、第1電圧を更新することなく、事前の第1電圧を再度利用しても良い。また、第１残存容量（率）に対応した第１電圧に加えて、これより少ない容量（例えば、３％）での第２残存容量（率）に対応した第２電圧でも、算出した残存容量率を補正し、上述の更新した総容量、第1電圧と同じように、更新した総容量、第２電圧を利用することも可能である。   Note that when the difference between the updated first voltage and the previous first voltage is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the previous first voltage may be used again without updating the first voltage. Further, in addition to the first voltage corresponding to the first remaining capacity (rate), the calculated remaining capacity is also calculated with the second voltage corresponding to the second remaining capacity (rate) with a smaller capacity (for example, 3%). It is also possible to correct the rate and use the updated total capacity and the second voltage in the same manner as the above-described updated total capacity and the first voltage.

また、上述の残存容量(率)に対応した第1電圧、放電終止電圧等については、電流、温度に依存するので、使用時において電流、温度を基に補正した電圧を利用することも可能である。   In addition, the first voltage, discharge end voltage, etc. corresponding to the above-mentioned remaining capacity (rate) depend on the current and temperature, so it is possible to use a voltage corrected based on the current and temperature in use. is there.

本発明の電池パックの回路ブロック図である。It is a circuit block diagram of the battery pack of the present invention. 本発明の電池パックの放電のグラフである。It is a graph of discharge of the battery pack of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

Ａ 電池パック
ＰＣ 携帯機器（＝電子機器）
Ｓ 制御・電源手段
Ｌ 負荷
ＭＰＵ マイクロプロセッサユニット
１ 電池
２ 抵抗（電流検出部）
３ 温度検出部
４ Ａ／Ｄ変換部
５ 制御・演算部
７ 制御素子
９通信部
A Battery pack PC Mobile device (= electronic device)
S control / power supply means L load MPU microprocessor unit 1 battery 2 resistance (current detection unit)
3 Temperature Detection Unit 4 A / D Conversion Unit 5 Control / Calculation Unit 7 Control Element 9 Communication Unit

Claims (1)

二次電池の放電電流又は充電電流を積算して前記二次電池の総容量を得る工程と、
放電電流を積算した積算量より前記二次電池の残存容量を算出する工程と、
前記積算量に対応した前記二次電池の電池電圧を検出、保存する工程と、
前記二次電池の放電中に電池電圧が第１電圧に達すると、この電圧に対応して予め設定されている設定残存容量率により、前記第１電圧に達した時点で算出された残存容量率を、前記設定残存容量率に補正する工程と、
前記総容量を得る工程以降の二次電池の放電時において、（総容量−積算量）／（総容量）＝設定残存容量率の関係式より、前記積算量を演算し、この演算した積算量に近い前記保存された前記積算量並びにこれに対応した前記二次電池の電池電圧を選択し、この選択された電池電圧を更新された前記第1電圧として前記補正する工程を行うことを特徴とする二次電池の残存容量検出方法。
Integrating the discharge current or charge current of the secondary battery to obtain the total capacity of the secondary battery; and
Calculating the remaining capacity of the secondary battery from the integrated amount obtained by integrating the discharge current;
Detecting and storing a battery voltage of the secondary battery corresponding to the integrated amount;
When the battery voltage during discharge of the secondary battery reaches the first voltage, by setting the remaining capacity ratio set in advance corresponding to this voltage, remaining capacity ratio calculated when it reaches the first voltage Correcting to the set remaining capacity rate,
At the time of discharging the secondary battery after the step of obtaining the total capacity, the integrated quantity is calculated from the relational expression of (total capacity−integrated quantity) / (total capacity) = set remaining capacity ratio, and the calculated integrated quantity Selecting the stored integrated amount close to the battery voltage and the battery voltage of the secondary battery corresponding thereto, and performing the correction step using the selected battery voltage as the updated first voltage. To detect the remaining capacity of the secondary battery.
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JPH10213638A (en) * 1997-01-30 1998-08-11 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Method for detecting remaining capacity of secondary battery
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