JP3925507B2 - Secondary battery charging method and battery pack - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 140
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004397 blinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
この発明は、二次電池の充電方法および電池パックに関する。 The present invention relates to a method for charging a secondary battery and a battery pack.
現在、電池を用いて使用される機器の多くは充電可能な二次電池を装着して使用されており、自宅などで充電器を用いて充電する。これらの機器は、ランプの色や点滅、液晶表示などの方法により充電中であるのか充電完了状態にあるのかを表示している。 Currently, most devices that use batteries are used with a rechargeable secondary battery, and are charged using a charger at home or the like. These devices indicate whether charging is in progress or charging is complete by methods such as lamp color, blinking, and liquid crystal display.
二次電池の充電容量を検出する方法として、電流または電力量を積算することにより充電容量を求める積算方式と、電池電圧を計測することにより満充電かどうかの判別を行う電圧方式が用いられている。 As a method for detecting the charge capacity of the secondary battery, an integration method for obtaining the charge capacity by integrating current or electric energy and a voltage method for determining whether the battery is fully charged by measuring the battery voltage are used. Yes.
積算方式は、上述したように、電流または電力量を積算するため、電圧の変動を気にすることなく絶対的な充電容量を検出することができ、充電容量の検出が容易である。また、図１に示すように、特に充電初期においては直線的に充電率（充電容量）が上昇するため、正確に充電率を算出することができる。 As described above, since the integration method integrates the current or the electric energy, the absolute charge capacity can be detected without worrying about voltage fluctuation, and the charge capacity can be easily detected. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the charging rate (charging capacity) increases linearly particularly in the initial stage of charging, so that the charging rate can be calculated accurately.
一方、電圧方式では、例えばリチウムイオン電池の場合は電池開放電圧が４．２Ｖ／セルになった時を満充電と定義している。セルを多数用いた充電池であれば、その中の一つが４．２Ｖに達した時点を満充電とする。そのため、開放電圧を計測することにより、確実に満充電検出をすることが可能である。 On the other hand, in the voltage system, for example, in the case of a lithium ion battery, the time when the battery open voltage becomes 4.2 V / cell is defined as full charge. In the case of a rechargeable battery using a large number of cells, the time when one of them reaches 4.2 V is considered to be fully charged. Therefore, it is possible to reliably detect full charge by measuring the open circuit voltage.
電圧を計測する際により正確に値を検出するためには、電流を止め、無負荷状態で電圧を測ることが望ましい。しかし、実際に電流を止めることは制御が複雑になるため、実現できないことが多い。また、充電電流を止めることができたとしても電池内部の分極電圧はすぐには安定せず、正確な開放電圧を想定することができない。そこで、充電電流と電池電流Ｉｍｐ（インピーダンス）を計測することで、充電電流を止めることなく充電率を検出する方法が用いられる。 In order to detect the value more accurately when measuring the voltage, it is desirable to stop the current and measure the voltage in a no-load state. However, it is often impossible to actually stop the current because of complicated control. Even if the charging current can be stopped, the polarization voltage inside the battery is not stabilized immediately, and an accurate open-circuit voltage cannot be assumed. Therefore, a method is used in which the charging rate is detected without stopping the charging current by measuring the charging current and the battery current Imp (impedance).
この方法では、電池の内部抵抗と充電電流によって生じる電圧上昇分をセル測定電圧から減算することで開放電圧を想定し、充電率を算出することができる。これにより、安定した満充電検出をすることができる。 In this method, the charging rate can be calculated assuming an open circuit voltage by subtracting the voltage increase caused by the internal resistance of the battery and the charging current from the cell measurement voltage. Thereby, stable full charge detection can be performed.
しかしながら、上述した積算方式による充電方法では、パック全体の充電容量を正確に把握していることが条件であり、その充電容量が劣化によって減少したり、環境温度によって変動したりしてしまうと、満充電容量の想定誤差が起こりやすく正確に満充電を検出することができない。 However, in the charging method based on the integration method described above, it is a condition that the charge capacity of the entire pack is accurately grasped, and when the charge capacity decreases due to deterioration or fluctuates due to environmental temperature, An assumed error in full charge capacity is likely to occur, and full charge cannot be accurately detected.
また、充電途中での測定誤差があった場合、図１に示すように充電率が１００％とならず、満充電検出ができなくなる。 If there is a measurement error during charging, the charging rate does not reach 100% as shown in FIG.
さらに、電圧法を用いた場合、充電電流が小さい値の時は開放電圧を正しく想定することができる。しかし、図２に示すように、充電電流が大きい値になると電池直流Ｉｍｐの誤差や、充電電流によるセル自己発熱で電池電流Ｉｍｐ分が変動し、正しい開放電圧を得ることができず、正確な充電率を検出することができない。 Furthermore, when the voltage method is used, the open circuit voltage can be correctly assumed when the charging current is a small value. However, as shown in FIG. 2, when the charging current becomes a large value, the battery direct current Imp error fluctuates due to the error of the battery direct current Imp or the self-heating of the cell due to the charging current, and a correct open-circuit voltage cannot be obtained. The charge rate cannot be detected.
そこで、積算法と電圧法を併用して充電容量を検出する方法が用いられる。充電開始時から満充電に近くなるまでは積算方式を用い、満充電付近で電圧法に切り替えて充電容量を検出することにより、それぞれの方法が最も効果を発する領域で計測を行うことができる。 Therefore, a method of detecting the charge capacity using both the integration method and the voltage method is used. By using the integration method from the start of charging until it is close to full charge, and switching to the voltage method near full charge and detecting the charge capacity, measurement can be performed in the area where each method is most effective.
以下の特許文献１に、電流積算法と電圧法を併用して電池容量の検出を行う方法が記載されている。特許文献１の発明は、電池容量が空に近いとき電流量はある一定の値を示し、満充電に近くなるにしたがって電流量が小さくなる特性に着目し、あらかじめ設定された電流値より小さいときは電圧法を、大きいときは電流積算法を用いるものである。各方法を切り替えて電池容量を計測することにより、電池容量の算出精度を高めることが可能となる。
しかしながら、積算法と電圧法を併用する方法において、積算法から電圧法に切り替える際に、積算法で計測した充電容量（または充電率）と電圧法で計測した充電容量（または充電率）は必ずしも一致せず、測定値の切り替わりに違和感が生じる場合があった。また、徐々に積算法から電圧法に切り替えていく場合でも、一致しないそれぞれの値をつなげるため、測定値を強制的に補正していくような方法もとられることから、充電容量または充電率の測定精度が悪化し、充電に支障をきたすおそれもあった。 However, in the method using both the integration method and the voltage method, when switching from the integration method to the voltage method, the charge capacity (or charge rate) measured by the integration method and the charge capacity (or charge rate) measured by the voltage method are not necessarily There was a case where the measurement values did not match and there was a sense of discomfort. In addition, even when gradually switching from the integration method to the voltage method, it is possible to forcibly correct the measured values in order to connect the values that do not match. The measurement accuracy deteriorated, and there was a risk of hindering charging.
したがって、この発明の目的は、充電池の劣化や環境の変化によっても正確に満充電可能であり、また、より高い精度で充電容量または充電率を検出することができる二次電池の充電方法および電池パックを提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to charge a secondary battery that can be accurately fully charged even by deterioration of the rechargeable battery or a change in environment, and that can detect the charge capacity or the charge rate with higher accuracy. It is to provide a battery pack.
上記課題を解決するために、この発明の第１の態様は、二次電池を充電する充電方法において、二次電池の電流値または電力値を一定時間毎に積算することにより電池容量を算出する積算法を用いた二次電池の充電率検出と、二次電池の電圧値を測定し、電圧値と充電率の相関性に基づいて充電率を算出する電圧法を用いた二次電池の充電率検出とを行い、二次電池の電圧法による充電率に応じて、積算法で検出した充電率と電圧法で検出した充電率とを重み付け加算し、最終的な充電率検出を行うことを特徴とする二次電池の充電方法である。 In order to solve the above problems, according to a first aspect of the present invention, in a charging method for charging a secondary battery, the battery capacity is calculated by integrating the current value or power value of the secondary battery at regular intervals. Charging the secondary battery using the voltage method that detects the charging rate of the secondary battery using the integration method, measures the voltage value of the secondary battery, and calculates the charging rate based on the correlation between the voltage value and the charging rate The rate detection is performed, and the charge rate detected by the integration method and the charge rate detected by the voltage method are weighted and added according to the charge rate by the voltage method of the secondary battery, and the final charge rate detection is performed. It is the charging method of the secondary battery characterized.
また、この発明の第２の態様は、二次電池の電池パックにおいて、電池パックは二次電池の電圧および電流を測定する測定部と、電池容量演算部とを有し、電池容量演算部は二次電池の電流値または電力値を一定時間毎に積算することにより電池容量を算出する積算法を用いて、二次電池の充電率を検出する検出手段と、二次電池の電圧値を測定し、電圧値と充電率の相関性に基づいて充電率を算出する電圧法を用いて、二次電池の充電率を検出する検出手段と、二次電池の電圧法による充電率に応じて、積算法で検出した充電率と電圧法で検出した充電率とを重み付け加算し、最終的な充電率検出を行う手段とを有することを特徴とする電池パックである。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the battery pack of the secondary battery, the battery pack includes a measurement unit that measures the voltage and current of the secondary battery, and a battery capacity calculation unit. Using the integration method to calculate the battery capacity by integrating the current value or power value of the secondary battery at regular intervals, the detection means for detecting the charging rate of the secondary battery and the voltage value of the secondary battery are measured Then, using the voltage method for calculating the charging rate based on the correlation between the voltage value and the charging rate, according to the detection means for detecting the charging rate of the secondary battery, and the charging rate by the voltage method of the secondary battery, A battery pack characterized by having a means for performing a final charge rate detection by weighting and adding a charge rate detected by an integration method and a charge rate detected by a voltage method.
この発明によれば、電池の充電率を充電初期から高精度で算出することができると共に、正確に満充電を検出することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, the charging rate of the battery can be calculated with high accuracy from the beginning of charging, and full charge can be accurately detected.
以下、この発明の一実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図３は、この発明を適用することが可能なバッテリパックの構成の一例を模式的に示すものである。 FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of the configuration of a battery pack to which the present invention can be applied.
このバッテリパックは、充電時には充電器に装着され、＋端子１と−端子２がそれぞれ充電器の＋端子、−端子に接続され、充電が行われる。また、電気機器使用時には充電時と同様に、＋端子１と−端子２が機器の＋端子、−端子に接続され、放電が行われる。
This battery pack is attached to the charger during charging, and the +
バッテリパックは主に、電池セル７、マイクロコンピュータ１０、測定回路１１、保護回路１２、スイッチ回路４、通信端子３ａ，３ｂで構成されている。
The battery pack mainly includes a battery cell 7, a
電池セル７は、リチウムイオン電池等の二次電池で、４個の二次電池を直列に接続したものである。 The battery cell 7 is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, in which four secondary batteries are connected in series.
マイクロコンピュータ１０は、測定回路１１から入力された電圧値、電流値を使用して電圧値の測定や電流値の積算を行うようになされている。また、参照符号８で示される温度検出素子（例えばサーミスタ）で電池温度を監視する。さらに、測定値等が参照符号１３で示される不揮発性メモリＥＥＰＲＯＭ（Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory）に保存される。さらに、マイクロコンピュータ１０は電圧法信頼度の検出も随時行っている。
The
測定回路１１は、バッテリパック内の電池セル７の各セルの電圧を測定し、マイクロコンピュータ１０に測定値を供給する。また、電流検出抵抗９を使用して電流の大きさおよび向きを測定し、マイクロコンピュータ１０に測定値を送るものである。さらに、測定回路１１は、電池セル７の電圧を安定化して電源電圧を発生するレギュレータとしての機能も有する。
The measurement circuit 11 measures the voltage of each cell of the battery cell 7 in the battery pack and supplies the measured value to the
保護回路１２は、電池セル７のいずれかのセルの電圧が過充電検出電圧になったときや、電池セル７の電圧が過放電検出電圧以下になったとき、スイッチ回路４に制御信号を送ることにより、過充電、過放電を防止する。ここで、リチウムイオン電池の場合、過充電検出電圧が例えば４．２Ｖ±０．５Ｖと定められ、過放電検出電圧が２．４Ｖ±０．１Ｖと定められる。
The
スイッチ回路４は、参照符号５で示される充電制御ＦＥＴ（Field Effect Transistor）と、参照符号６で示される放電制御ＦＥＴとから構成されている。電池電圧が過充電検出電圧となったときは、充電制御ＦＥＴ５をＯＦＦとし、充電電流が流れないように制御される。なお、充電制御ＦＥＴ５のＯＦＦ後は参照符号５ａで示される寄生ダイオードを介することによって放電のみが可能となる。
The
また、電池電圧が過放電検出電圧となったときは、放電制御ＦＥＴ６をＯＦＦとし、放電電流が流れないように制御される。なお、放電制御ＦＥＴ６のＯＦＦ後は参照符号６ａで示される寄生ダイオードを介することによって充電のみが可能となる。
Further, when the battery voltage becomes the overdischarge detection voltage, the
通信端子３ａ，３ｂは、電気機器、例えばカムコーダ（Camcorder: Camera and recorderの略）に装着された際、電池容量の情報を機器に送信するためのものである。この情報を受け取った機器側では、液晶等の表示部に充電容量や、充電率を表示する。 The communication terminals 3a and 3b are used to transmit battery capacity information to an apparatus when the terminal is attached to an electric apparatus such as a camcorder (camcorder: camera and recorder). The device that receives this information displays the charge capacity and the charge rate on a display unit such as a liquid crystal display.
この発明では、充電容量の検出は積算法（電流積算または電圧積算）と電圧法を併用して行うが、ある閾値で積算法と電圧法を完全に切り替えるのではなく、常に積算法、電圧法の両方で充電率の計測を行う。また、充電率の値により、充電法で求めた値がどれだけ信頼できるかを定義した電圧法信頼度を算出し、その値に応じて電圧法で求められた充電容量と積算法で求められた充電容量とを重み付け加算して最終的な充電容量を求める。このような電圧法充電率を使用した重み付け加算により、積算法から電圧法に徐々に移行する。 In this invention, the charge capacity is detected using both the integration method (current integration or voltage integration) and the voltage method. However, the integration method and the voltage method are not always switched at a certain threshold value, but always the integration method and voltage method. Measure the charging rate with both. In addition, the voltage method reliability that defines how reliable the value obtained by the charging method is calculated from the value of the charging rate, and the charging capacity obtained by the voltage method and the integration method are calculated according to the value. The final charge capacity is obtained by weighting and adding the obtained charge capacity. By such weighted addition using the voltage method charging rate, the integration method gradually shifts to the voltage method.
また、積算法で充電容量を算出する際、除算処理が加わるとデータ中の小数点以下の値が切り捨て等によって丸められ、桁落ちした値（電流値）を積算していくために、誤差が積算結果に累積される。その結果、積算電流値の精度が悪くなり、充電率の検出の精度も悪くなる。 Also, when calculating the charge capacity by the integration method, if division processing is added, the value after the decimal point in the data is rounded off by rounding off, etc., and the value that has been dropped (current value) is integrated. Accumulated in results. As a result, the accuracy of the integrated current value is deteriorated, and the accuracy of detection of the charging rate is also deteriorated.
誤差の累積を防止するために、有効桁数を増やすことにより桁落ちによる誤差に対応する方法では、逆にマイクロコンピュータのメモリ使用量が増え、処理を圧迫することになる。また、マイクロコンピュータのメモリが足りない場合は有効桁数を増やすことができず、桁落ちしたデータを積算していくことになり、精度の悪化につながる。 In order to prevent the accumulation of errors, the method for dealing with errors caused by dropping digits by increasing the number of effective digits, conversely, increases the memory usage of the microcomputer and puts pressure on the processing. In addition, when the memory of the microcomputer is insufficient, the number of effective digits cannot be increased, and the data with the digits dropped is accumulated, leading to deterioration in accuracy.
そこで、桁落ちの影響を極力少なくするために、一実施形態では以下のような積算方法を用いる。 Therefore, in order to reduce the influence of the digit loss as much as possible, the following integration method is used in one embodiment.
図４に示すように、電流値の測定時に入力端子２１とスイッチ２２を介して、ゲインが２４倍のアンプ２３とゲインが１２５倍のアンプ２４とを接続し、各アンプの出力電圧をマイクロコンピュータ１０のＡ／Ｄコンバータ２５に供給してデジタルデータへと変換する。各アンプは電流値によって使い分け、電流が２Ａより大きいときは２４倍のアンプを、２Ａ以下のときは１２５倍のアンプを使用する。この構成により、電流値が小さい場合と大きい場合での有効桁数の差を少なくすることが可能である。
As shown in FIG. 4, when measuring the current value, an
ただし、２４倍アンプ２３を通った測定値と１２５倍アンプ２４を通った測定値は桁の重みが違うため、単純に足し合わせることができない。そこで、以下の方法により、桁落ちの影響が少なくなるようにする。
However, the measured value passing through the 24 ×
例えば、電流測定のハードウェア条件を以下のようにする。
Ａ／Ｄ基準電圧（ＡＶＲＥＦ）： ３０００ｍＶ
Ａ／Ｄ分解能： １０２４（１０Ｂｉｔ）
電流検出抵抗（図３の抵抗９）： ５ｍΩ
For example, the hardware conditions for current measurement are as follows.
A / D reference voltage (AVREF): 3000 mV
A / D resolution: 1024 (10 bits)
Current detection resistor (
このとき、電池セル７を流れる電流１ＡあたりのＡ／Ｄコンバータ２５に入力される電圧値は、
２４倍アンプ２３の場合：５ｍΩ×１Ａ×２４＝１２０（ｍＶ／Ａ） ・・・（１）
１２５倍アンプ２４の場合：５ｍΩ×１Ａ×１２５＝６２５（ｍＶ／Ａ）・・・（２）
At this time, the voltage value input to the A /
In the case of the 24 × amplifier 23: 5 mΩ × 1 A × 24 = 120 (mV / A) (1)
In the case of 125 times amplifier 24: 5mΩ × 1A × 125 = 625 (mV / A) (2)
また、Ａ／Ｄコンバータ２５の１分解能あたりの電圧感度は、３０００ｍＶ／１０２４＝２.９３０（ｍＶ）となる。これを２４倍アンプ２３の使用時における電流感度に換算すると、２.９３０（ｍＶ）／１２０（ｍＶ／Ａ）×１０００≒２４.４１（ｍＡ）となる。
Further, the voltage sensitivity per resolution of the A /
上述した値を元に、積算処理の流れを図５のフローチャートを参照して説明する。 Based on the above-described values, the flow of integration processing will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
まず、ステップＳ１で積算処理が開始されると、図３中の電流検出抵抗９でＡ／Ｄコンバータに入力する電流値を測定し、測定された電流値をマイクロコンピュータ１０にＡ／Ｄ入力値として供給する（ステップＳ２）。次に、ステップＳ３ではステップＳ２で計算された入力値を２４倍アンプ２３と１２５倍アンプ２４のどちらを用いて計測するかを決定する。電流検出抵抗９での電流値が２Ａより大きい場合は２４倍アンプ２３を、２Ａ以下の場合は１２５倍アンプ２４を使用する。
First, when integration processing is started in step S1, the current value input to the A / D converter is measured by the
２４倍アンプ２３を用いる場合、Ａ／Ｄ入力電圧を上述の式（１）から算出する。例えば、放電電流が２．５Ａの場合、
Ａ／Ｄ入力電圧は、１２０（ｍＶ／Ａ）×２．５Ａ＝３００（ｍＶ）
となる。また、Ａ／Ｄ入力電圧をデジタルデータに変換すると、
Ａ／Ｄ変換後の入力値（積算値）は、３００（ｍＶ）／２．９３０（ｍＶ）≒１０２
となる。２４倍アンプ２３を使用した場合は、求めた積算値をそのまま積算エリアに加算する。
When the 24-
A / D input voltage is 120 (mV / A) × 2.5A = 300 (mV)
It becomes. When the A / D input voltage is converted into digital data,
The input value (integrated value) after A / D conversion is 300 (mV) /2.930 (mV) ≈102.
It becomes. When the 24-
１２５倍アンプ２４を用いる場合、Ａ／Ｄ入力電圧を上述の式（２）から算出する。例えば、放電電流が０.８Ａの場合、
Ａ／Ｄ入力電圧は、６２５（ｍＶ／Ａ）×０．８Ａ＝５００（ｍＶ）
となる。また、
Ａ／Ｄ変換後の入力値（ＢＡＴＴ＿ＣＵＲＲＥＮＴ＿ＢＩＴ）は、３００（ｍＶ）／２．９３０（ｍＶ）≒１７０
となる。
When the 125 ×
A / D input voltage is 625 (mV / A) × 0.8 A = 500 (mV)
It becomes. Also,
The input value (BATT_CURRENT_BIT) after A / D conversion is 300 (mV) /2.930 (mV) ≈170.
It becomes.
１２５倍アンプ２４を用いた場合は、ステップＳ５で桁の重みが２４倍アンプ２３の使用時と同様になるように換算してから積算する（１回目の積算は前回剰余０とする）。Ａ／Ｄ変換後の入力値１７０を２４倍アンプ２３の使用時に換算すると、１７０／５.２０８＝３２ 余り３．３４４となる。ステップＳ６で余りの小数点以下を切り捨てすることにより、積算値３２、剰余３と求められ、積算エリアには３２が加算される。
When the 125-
ここで、放電電流が０．８Ａのまま１０回積算した場合について説明する。剰余を無視し、剰余加算を行わない場合は 積算値３２×１０（回）＝３２０であるが、理論的には換算前の入力値１７０を用いて計算すると、｛１７０×１０（回）｝／５．２０８≒３２６となり、積算値に６のずれが生じる。
Here, the case where the discharge current is accumulated 10 times with 0.8 A will be described. When the remainder is ignored and the remainder addition is not performed, the integrated value is 32 × 10 (times) = 320. However, theoretically, when the calculation is performed using the
そこで、前回除算した時に求めた剰余を次の計算時に加算して積算処理を行う。つまり、２回目に求めた換算前の入力値１７０に１回目の剰余３を加算し、合計値を換算することで２回目の積算値を決定する。３回目以降は、２回目と同様に換算前の入力値に前回の剰余を加算してから全体を換算する。
Therefore, the remainder obtained by the previous division is added during the next calculation to perform the integration process. That is, the second integrated value is determined by adding the
１０回目までの積算処理の状況を図６に示す。剰余を加算する方法で積算処理が行われた結果、この例では積算エリアの値が３２６となり、誤差が発生しない。したがって、前回計算時の剰余をＡ／Ｄ入力値に加算してから除算することで、桁落ちの影響を極力なくすことが出来る。 The status of the integration process up to the tenth time is shown in FIG. As a result of the integration process performed by the method of adding the remainder, in this example, the value of the integration area is 326, and no error occurs. Therefore, by adding the remainder at the time of the previous calculation to the A / D input value and then dividing, it is possible to minimize the influence of the digit loss.
また、有効桁数を増やす必要がないので、マイクロコンピュータ１０にて使用するメモリを最小限にとどめることができる。
Further, since it is not necessary to increase the number of significant digits, the memory used in the
以下、図７のフローチャートを参照して、上述したようなバッテリパックを充電する際の流れを説明する。 Hereinafter, with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 7, the flow at the time of charging a battery pack as described above will be described.
充電初期から中期においては、通常の積算方式にて充電率を算出する。ステップＳ１０〜ステップＳ１１での電流値の処理は、図５のステップＳ１からステップＳ６と同様の処理となる。次に、ステップＳ１２で充電率（％）を求める。積算法における充電率（％）は、以下の式で求めることができる。 From the beginning to the middle of charging, the charging rate is calculated by a normal integration method. The processing of the current value in steps S10 to S11 is the same processing as that in steps S1 to S6 in FIG. Next, a charging rate (%) is obtained in step S12. The charging rate (%) in the integration method can be obtained by the following equation.
積算法充電率（％）＝積算容量／パック全容量 Accumulation method charge rate (%) = accumulated capacity / pack total capacity
また、ステップＳ１４のように積算法と並行して電圧法での充電率を求めるため、ステップＳ１０では電流値の他、電圧値もマイクロコンピュータ１０に入力される。電池セル７には電流が流れているため、無負荷状態での電圧を測定することは難しい。そこで、ステップＳ１３では開放電圧を以下のように想定する。
Further, in order to obtain the charging rate by the voltage method in parallel with the integration method as in step S14, in addition to the current value, the voltage value is also input to the
開放電圧（想定値）＝｛電池電圧−（電池電流Ｉｍｐ×充電電流）｝ Open-circuit voltage (assumed value) = {battery voltage− (battery current Imp × charge current)}
さらに、得られた開放電圧を元に、ステップＳ１４で電圧と充電率を相関的に関連付けた充電率テーブル（例えば、電池電圧４．２Ｖで充電率１００％）を参照することにより、電圧法充電率（％）を得る。この電圧法充電率を元に、ステップＳ１５で満充電付近（例えば、電圧法充電率＝９０％）であるかを判定する。満充電付近でないと判断された場合には、ステップＳ１１に戻り、さらに充電を続けながら開放電圧、電圧法充電率の算出を行う。 Further, based on the obtained open-circuit voltage, voltage method charging is performed by referring to a charge rate table (for example, a battery rate of 100% at a battery voltage of 4.2 V) in which the voltage and the charge rate are correlated in step S14. Get rate (%). Based on this voltage method charging rate, it is determined in step S15 whether it is near full charge (for example, voltage method charging rate = 90%). If it is determined that it is not near full charge, the process returns to step S11, and the open circuit voltage and the voltage method charging rate are calculated while further charging is continued.
なお、積算法による充電容量（充電率）検出と、電圧法による充電容量（充電率）検出は、処理の前後を変えたり、両者を並列的に行うようにしてもよい。 The charge capacity (charge rate) detection by the integration method and the charge capacity (charge rate) detection by the voltage method may be changed before and after the processing, or both may be performed in parallel.
充電末期となり、満充電付近であると判定されると、電圧法充電率を用いて電圧法信頼度（０〜１００％）を算出する（ステップＳ１７）。電圧法信頼度（％）は、例えば電圧法充電率９０％で満充電付近であると検出する場合、以下の式で求めることができる。 When it is determined that the end of charging is near full charge, voltage method reliability (0 to 100%) is calculated using the voltage method charging rate (step S17). The voltage method reliability (%) can be obtained by the following equation, for example, when it is detected that the voltage method charging rate is 90% and near full charge.
電圧法信頼度（％）＝｛電圧法充電率（％）−９０（％）｝×１０
（電圧法充電率≧９０）
Voltage method reliability (%) = {Voltage method charging rate (%) − 90 (%)} × 10
(Voltage charging rate ≧ 90)
ここで、上述した電圧法信頼度は、電圧法による満充電付近の充電率算出精度を活かして決定される。電圧法での充電率が満充電付近になるまでは電圧法信頼度を０とし、そこから電圧法での充電率が上昇することにより電圧法信頼度も上昇、満充電時には信頼度が１００％となるようになされている。また、上述した電圧法信頼度（％）を用いて（１−電圧法信頼度（％））を計算し、積算法信頼度（％）を求める。さらに、電圧法充電率（％）に電圧法信頼度をかけた値と、積算法充電率（％）に積算法信頼度をかけた値を加算することにより、最終的な充電率を電圧法信頼度を用いた重み付け加算によって算出する（ステップＳ１８）。 Here, the voltage method reliability described above is determined by making use of the charging rate calculation accuracy near full charge by the voltage method. The voltage method reliability is set to 0 until the voltage method charging rate is close to full charge, and the voltage method reliability increases as the voltage method charging rate increases from there. The reliability is 100% when fully charged. It is made to become. Further, (1-voltage method reliability (%)) is calculated using the voltage method reliability (%) described above, and the integration method reliability (%) is obtained. Furthermore, by adding the value obtained by multiplying the voltage method charging rate (%) by the voltage method reliability and the value obtained by multiplying the integration method charging rate (%) by the integration method reliability, the final charging rate is obtained by the voltage method. Calculation is performed by weighted addition using reliability (step S18).
充電率（％）＝電圧法充電率×電圧法信頼度＋積算法充電率×（１−電圧法信頼度） Charging rate (%) = Voltage method charging rate × Voltage method reliability + Integration method charging rate × (1-Voltage method reliability)
次に、ステップＳ１８で算出された充電率が１００％であるかを判断し、１００％未満であればさらに充電を継続し、１００％であれば充電を終了する（ステップＳ１９）。 Next, it is determined whether the charging rate calculated in step S18 is 100%. If the charging rate is less than 100%, the charging is further continued, and if it is 100%, the charging is terminated (step S19).
この方法を用いることにより、電圧法と積算法のそれぞれで算出された充電率の値に差があった場合でも、電圧法信頼度によってかけられた割合に応じて違和感なく積算法算出値から電圧法算出値に移行させることができ、図８に示す充電率のグラフのような曲線を描く充電が可能であり、満充電を正しく、容易に検出することが可能となる。 By using this method, even if there is a difference in the value of the charging rate calculated by the voltage method and the integration method, the voltage from the integration method calculated value can be obtained without a sense of incongruity according to the ratio applied by the voltage method reliability. It is possible to shift to a legally calculated value, and charging that draws a curve like the graph of the charging rate shown in FIG. 8 is possible, and full charge can be detected correctly and easily.
また、積算精度にむやみにこだわることが不必要になり、安価で簡易的な素子でシステムを構成することが可能となる。 In addition, it is unnecessary to pay attention to integration accuracy, and it is possible to configure a system with inexpensive and simple elements.
さらに、リチウムイオン電池を用いた場合は、ＣＣＣＶ（定電流定電圧）方式のため、満充電付近に時間がかかる。そのため、満充電付近での充電率算出精度が悪い場合には充電残り時間の検出精度も悪くなる。上述の方法を用いることで充電容量を正しく検出することが可能であるため、充電残り時間の算出精度も向上する。 Furthermore, when a lithium ion battery is used, it takes time near full charge because of the CCCV (constant current constant voltage) method. Therefore, when the charging rate calculation accuracy near full charge is poor, the detection accuracy of the remaining charge time is also poor. Since the charge capacity can be correctly detected by using the above-described method, the calculation accuracy of the remaining charge time is also improved.
以上、この発明の一実施形態について具体的に説明したが、この発明は、上述の一実施形態に限定されるものではなく、この発明の技術的思想に基づく各種の変形が可能である。 The embodiment of the present invention has been specifically described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention are possible.
例えば、上述の一実施形態において挙げた数値はあくまでも例に過ぎず、必要に応じてこれと異なる数値を用いてもよい。 For example, the numerical values given in the above-described embodiment are merely examples, and different numerical values may be used as necessary.
また、この発明はリチウムイオン電池の他、Ｎｉ−Ｃｄ（ニッカド）電池、Ｎｉ−ＭＨ（ニッケル水素）電池など、種々の電池に適用可能である。 The present invention can be applied to various batteries such as a Ni-Cd (nickel) battery and a Ni-MH (nickel metal hydride) battery in addition to a lithium ion battery.
また、電池パックを構成するマイクロコンピュータが、保護回路の機能を持つようにしてもよい。 Further, the microcomputer constituting the battery pack may have a function of a protection circuit.
４・・・スイッチ回路
５・・・充電制御ＦＥＴ
６・・・放電制御ＦＥＴ
５ａ，６ａ・・・寄生ダイオード
７・・・電池セル
８・・・温度検出素子
９・・・電流検出抵抗
4 ...
6 ... Discharge control FET
5a, 6a ... Parasitic diode 7 ... Battery cell 8 ...
Claims (6)
上記二次電池の電流値または電力値を一定時間毎に積算することにより電池容量を算出する積算法を用いた上記二次電池の充電率検出と、
上記二次電池の電圧値を測定し、前記電圧値と充電率の相関性に基づいて充電率を算出する電圧法を用いた上記二次電池の充電率検出とを行い、
上記二次電池の上記電圧法による充電率に応じて、積算法で検出した充電率と電圧法で検出した充電率とを重み付け加算し、最終的な充電率検出を行うことを特徴とする二次電池の充電方法。 In the charging method for charging the secondary battery, the charging rate detection of the secondary battery using an integration method for calculating the battery capacity by integrating the current value or power value of the secondary battery every predetermined time; and
Measuring the voltage value of the secondary battery, and detecting the charging rate of the secondary battery using a voltage method for calculating the charging rate based on the correlation between the voltage value and the charging rate,
The charging rate detected by the integration method and the charging rate detected by the voltage method are weighted and added according to the charging rate by the voltage method of the secondary battery, and the final charging rate detection is performed. How to charge the next battery.
あらかじめ充電中に満充電付近であることを検出するための電圧法による基準充電率を設定し、上記二次電池の充電率が基準充電率よりも小さいときは、積算法による充電率検出を行い、上記二次電池の充電率が基準充電率よりも大きいときは、その充電率に応じて積算法による充電率と電圧法による充電率とを重み付け加算することにより、最終的な充電率検出を行うことを特徴とする二次電池の充電方法。 In the charging method of the secondary battery according to claim 1,
Set the reference charging rate by voltage method to detect that it is near full charge during charging in advance, and if the charging rate of the secondary battery is smaller than the reference charging rate, perform charging rate detection by integration method When the charging rate of the secondary battery is larger than the reference charging rate, the final charging rate detection is performed by weighting and adding the charging rate based on the integration method and the charging rate based on the voltage method according to the charging rate. A method for charging a secondary battery, comprising:
上記重み付け加算に使用する重みは、上記電圧法による基準充電率を元に計算された電圧法信頼度から得られることを特徴とする二次電池の充電方法。 In the charging method of the secondary battery according to claim 1,
The weight used for said weighting addition is obtained from the voltage method reliability calculated based on the reference | standard charge rate by the said voltage method, The charging method of the secondary battery characterized by the above-mentioned.
上記電池パックは二次電池の電圧および電流を測定する測定部と、電池容量演算部とを有し、
上記電池容量演算部は、
上記二次電池の電流値または電力値を一定時間毎に積算することにより電池容量を算出する積算法を用いて、上記二次電池の充電率を検出する検出手段と、
上記二次電池の電圧値を測定し、前記電圧値と充電率の相関性に基づいて充電率を算出する電圧法を用いて、上記二次電池の充電率を検出する検出手段と、
上記二次電池の上記電圧法による充電率に応じて、積算法で検出した充電率と電圧法で検出した充電率とを重み付け加算し、最終的な充電率検出を行う手段とを有することを特徴とする電池パック。 In secondary battery packs,
The battery pack includes a measurement unit that measures the voltage and current of the secondary battery, and a battery capacity calculation unit.
The battery capacity calculator is
Detecting means for detecting a charging rate of the secondary battery, using an integration method for calculating a battery capacity by integrating the current value or power value of the secondary battery at regular intervals;
A detecting means for measuring the voltage value of the secondary battery and detecting the charging rate of the secondary battery using a voltage method for calculating the charging rate based on the correlation between the voltage value and the charging rate;
A means for weighting and adding the charging rate detected by the integration method and the charging rate detected by the voltage method according to the charging rate by the voltage method of the secondary battery, and performing a final charging rate detection. Battery pack featuring.
上記電池容量演算部は、あらかじめ充電中に満充電付近であることを検出するための電圧法による基準充電率を設定し、上記二次電池の充電率が基準充電率よりも小さいときは、積算法による充電率検出を行い、上記二次電池の充電率が基準充電率よりも大きいときは、積算法による充電率と電圧法による充電率とを重み付け加算することにより、最終的な充電率検出を行う手段を有することを特徴とする電池パック。 The battery pack according to claim 4,
The battery capacity calculation unit sets in advance a reference charging rate based on a voltage method for detecting that the battery is near full charge during charging, and when the charging rate of the secondary battery is smaller than the reference charging rate, integration is performed. When the charging rate of the secondary battery is greater than the reference charging rate, the final charging rate is detected by weighting and adding the charging rate based on the integration method and the charging rate based on the voltage method. A battery pack characterized by having means for performing.
上記電池容量演算部は、上記重み付け加算に使用する重みを、上記電圧法による基準充電率を元に計算された電圧法信頼度から得る手段を有することを特徴とする電池パック。 The battery pack according to claim 4,
The battery capacity calculating unit includes means for obtaining a weight used for the weighted addition from a voltage method reliability calculated based on a reference charging rate according to the voltage method.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004128469A JP3925507B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Secondary battery charging method and battery pack |
| US11/106,866 US7382110B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-15 | Method of charging secondary battery, method of calculating remaining capacity rate of secondary battery, and battery pack |
| KR1020050031976A KR101166099B1 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-18 | Method of charging secondary battery, method of calculating remaining capacity rate of secondary battery, and battery pack |
| CNB2005100762222A CN100382408C (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-22 | Method of charging secondary battery, method of calculating remaining capacity rate of secondary battery, and battery pack |
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| JP2004128469A JP3925507B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Secondary battery charging method and battery pack |
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| JP2005312239A JP2005312239A (en) | 2005-11-04 |
| JP3925507B2 true JP3925507B2 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
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| JP2004128469A Expired - Lifetime JP3925507B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Secondary battery charging method and battery pack |
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| JP (1) | JP3925507B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100382408C (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101373893B (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2012-09-05 | 鹏智科技(深圳)有限公司 | Over temperature protection circuit for battery |
| EP2197085A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2010-06-16 | Panasonic Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell pulse charge method and pulse charge control device |
| CN101738583B (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2013-01-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method and device for calculating battery pack capacity |
| JP4983818B2 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2012-07-25 | ソニー株式会社 | Battery pack and battery capacity calculation method |
| US20120109556A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Band select state of charge weighted scaling method |
| US9307495B2 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2016-04-05 | Apple Inc. | Monitoring a battery in a portable electronic device |
| JP5867195B2 (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2016-02-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Secondary battery charging device and secondary battery charging method |
| JP5880232B2 (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2016-03-08 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Remaining amount detection unit |
| CN104584317B (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2016-04-20 | 日产自动车株式会社 | The charging device of secondary cell and the charging method of secondary cell |
| TWI473389B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-02-11 | Richtek Technology Corp | Charger circuit and charging control method |
| JP2015171275A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-28 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Charger and charging method of secondary battery |
| CN103884996A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-25 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Residual electricity quantity calculation method of lithium iron phosphate battery |
| KR102248599B1 (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2021-05-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Mehtod for charging a battert and battery management system thereof |
| WO2017130673A1 (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | Cell state estimation device, cell control device, cell system, and cell state estimation method |
| CN106655460B (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-11-08 | 飞依诺科技(苏州)有限公司 | Using the method for supplying power to and system of the ultrasonic device of more battery packs power supply |
| JP2020160887A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | ソニー株式会社 | Computing device and product-sum computing system |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3879278B2 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2007-02-07 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Charge amount calculation method and charge amount calculation device for hybrid vehicle |
| DE10056971A1 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-05-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Determining battery charge state involves forming weighted mean of unloaded battery charge state and integral of battery current over time to determine mean state of battery charge |
| US6359419B1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-03-19 | General Motors Corporation | Quasi-adaptive method for determining a battery's state of charge |
| US6646419B1 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-11-11 | General Motors Corporation | State of charge algorithm for lead-acid battery in a hybrid electric vehicle |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1691461A (en) | 2005-11-02 |
| JP2005312239A (en) | 2005-11-04 |
| CN100382408C (en) | 2008-04-16 |
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