JP4585501B2 - Circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

Circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDF

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JP4585501B2
JP4585501B2 JP2006260366A JP2006260366A JP4585501B2 JP 4585501 B2 JP4585501 B2 JP 4585501B2 JP 2006260366 A JP2006260366 A JP 2006260366A JP 2006260366 A JP2006260366 A JP 2006260366A JP 4585501 B2 JP4585501 B2 JP 4585501B2
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combustion chamber
heat exchanger
fluidized bed
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JP2008082573A (en
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鳥居　　功
明用　　和幸
小林　　直樹
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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本発明は、循環流動層ボイラ（CFB: Circulating Fludized Bed Boiler）に関するものであって、特に、廃タイヤなど、ビードワイヤ等の不燃性の異物が多く含まれる燃料を利用する循環流動層ボイラに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB), and more particularly to a circulating fluidized bed boiler that uses fuel containing a large amount of non-combustible foreign matters such as bead wires, such as waste tires. is there.

循環流動層ボイラは、内部に固体の熱媒体からなる高温の流動層が形成される燃焼室を有しており、この流動層内に燃料を投入することで、燃料を加熱して燃焼させる装置である。
循環流動層ボイラには、燃焼ガスを回収する排気処理装置が設けられている。この排気処理装置では、燃焼ガスの処理の他、燃焼ガスとともに巻き上げられて排気処理装置に送り込まれた未燃分及び熱媒体の燃焼ガスからの分離・回収が行われる。排気処理装置によって回収された未燃分や熱媒体は、再び燃焼室に送り込まれる。
排気処理装置によって回収された高温の熱媒体のうちの一部は、燃焼室に隣接配置された外部熱交換器に送り込まれて熱を回収されたのちに、再度燃焼室に送り込まれるようになっている。
外部熱交換器は、内部に熱媒体の流動層が形成されるようになっており、流動層を構成する熱媒体のうち、外部熱交換器からオーバーフローしたものが、燃焼室に送り込まれるようになっている。 The circulating fluidized bed boiler has a combustion chamber in which a high-temperature fluidized bed made of a solid heat medium is formed, and heats the fuel to burn it by injecting the fuel into the fluidized bed. It is.
The circulating fluidized bed boiler is provided with an exhaust treatment device that collects combustion gas. In this exhaust treatment apparatus, in addition to the treatment of the combustion gas, separation and recovery from the combustion gas of the unburned matter and the heat medium that are rolled up with the combustion gas and sent to the exhaust treatment apparatus are performed. The unburned matter and the heat medium collected by the exhaust treatment device are sent again into the combustion chamber.
A part of the high-temperature heat medium recovered by the exhaust treatment device is sent to an external heat exchanger disposed adjacent to the combustion chamber to recover heat, and then sent to the combustion chamber again. ing.
In the external heat exchanger, a fluidized bed of a heat medium is formed inside, and among the heat medium constituting the fluidized bed, an overflow from the external heat exchanger is sent into the combustion chamber. It has become.

このような循環流動層ボイラとしては、例えば後記の特許文献１に記載の流動床反応装置が知られている。
この流動床反応装置は、複数のチューブ（伝熱管）により形成された壁構造で画定された反応室（燃焼室）と、反応室を画定する壁構造の外側に反応室に隣接させて配置される固体物質処理室（外部熱交換器）とを有している。
固体物質処理室は、反応室を画定する壁構造の壁部を反応室と共有している。この壁構造の共通壁部は複数の開口（開口部）を有していて、この開口は共通壁部を形成するチューブ間に形成されるとともに共通壁部を貫通している。
この流動床反応装置では、反応室と固体物質処理室との共通壁部は連続した第１チューブおよび第２チューブで形成されている。共通壁部における第１チューブは共通壁部のなす平面から外れるようにそして反応室から離れる方向に曲げられて、共通壁部のなす平面内に残る第２チューブの間に開口を形成している。
また、この流動床反応装置では、処理室内には、基準速度が１［ｍ／ｓ］よりも遅い緩やかな気泡流動床が形成されている。 As such a circulating fluidized bed boiler, for example, a fluidized bed reactor described in Patent Document 1 described below is known.
This fluidized bed reactor is disposed adjacent to a reaction chamber (combustion chamber) defined by a wall structure formed by a plurality of tubes (heat transfer tubes) and outside the wall structure defining the reaction chamber. A solid material processing chamber (external heat exchanger).
The solid material processing chamber shares the wall portion of the wall structure defining the reaction chamber with the reaction chamber. The common wall portion of the wall structure has a plurality of openings (openings), and the openings are formed between the tubes forming the common wall portion and penetrate the common wall portion.
In this fluidized bed reactor, the common wall portion of the reaction chamber and the solid material processing chamber is formed by a continuous first tube and second tube. The first tube in the common wall portion is bent away from the plane formed by the common wall portion and away from the reaction chamber to form an opening between the second tubes remaining in the plane formed by the common wall portion. .
Further, in this fluidized bed reactor, a gentle bubble fluidized bed having a reference speed slower than 1 [m / s] is formed in the processing chamber.

特許第２９３９３３８号公報Japanese Patent No. 2939338

循環流動層ボイラには、低品位炭や木材、製紙スラッジ、ＲＤＦ（Refuse Derived Fuel；ゴミ固形燃料）、廃タイヤ、重油等、様々な燃料を用いることができる。しかし、燃料に不燃性の異物が含まれている場合（例えば廃タイヤにはビードワイヤが含まれている）には、循環流動層ボイラの運転を継続するにつれて、燃焼室の底部に次第に不燃性の異物が蓄積する。
燃焼室内には、熱媒体の流動層を形成するために、底部から攪拌気体が供給されているので、燃焼室の底部に蓄積した不燃性の異物も、この攪拌気体によって熱媒体とともに巻き上げられる。このようにして巻き上げられた不燃性の異物の一部は、開口部を通じて外部熱交換器内に流入してしまうので、循環流動層ボイラの運転を継続するにつれて、外部熱交換器内に不燃性の異物が蓄積されてしまう。
このように外部熱交換器内に不燃性の異物が蓄積されると、外部熱交換器の熱交換面積が低下して、熱交換効率が低下してしまうので、不燃性の異物を含む燃料を使用する場合には、適宜時期に不燃性の異物の除去作業を行う必要があった。 Various fuels such as low-grade coal, wood, paper sludge, RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel), waste tires, and heavy oil can be used for the circulating fluidized bed boiler. However, if the fuel contains non-combustible foreign matter (for example, waste tires include bead wires), the bottom of the combustion chamber gradually becomes non-combustible as the circulating fluidized bed boiler continues to operate. Foreign matter accumulates.
Since a stirring gas is supplied from the bottom to form a fluidized bed of the heat medium in the combustion chamber, non-combustible foreign matter accumulated at the bottom of the combustion chamber is also rolled up with the heat medium by the stirring gas. Since some of the nonflammable foreign matter wound up in this way flows into the external heat exchanger through the opening, the nonflammable in the external heat exchanger as the operation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is continued. Foreign matter will accumulate.
If nonflammable foreign matter accumulates in the external heat exchanger in this way, the heat exchange area of the external heat exchanger decreases and the heat exchange efficiency decreases. When used, it was necessary to remove nonflammable foreign matter at an appropriate time.

ここで、特許文献１に記載の流動床反応装置のように、反応室（燃焼室）の壁部が複数のチューブによって構成されており、一部のチューブを曲げることによって開口（開口部）を形成した循環流動層ボイラでは、設計上の都合から、開口の下端部を構成するチューブが、下方に向うにつれて処理室（外部熱交換器）側から反応室側に向うように傾斜させられる場合がある。
この場合には、開口の下縁部には、処理室側から反応室側に上るスロープが形成される。これにより、反応室の底部に供給された攪拌気体の流れが、スロープに沿って開口に流れ込みやすくなるので、不燃性の異物が処理室内に入り込みやすかった。 Here, like the fluidized bed reactor described in Patent Document 1, the wall of the reaction chamber (combustion chamber) is composed of a plurality of tubes, and an opening (opening) is formed by bending a part of the tubes. In the formed circulating fluidized bed boiler, for convenience of design, the tube constituting the lower end of the opening may be inclined from the processing chamber (external heat exchanger) side to the reaction chamber side as it goes downward. is there.
In this case, a slope rising from the processing chamber side to the reaction chamber side is formed at the lower edge of the opening. As a result, the flow of the stirring gas supplied to the bottom of the reaction chamber easily flows into the opening along the slope, so that nonflammable foreign matter easily enters the processing chamber.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、不燃性の異物を含む燃料を使用しても、外部熱交換器への不燃性の異物の蓄積による性能低下を防止することができる循環流動層ボイラを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and prevents performance deterioration due to accumulation of nonflammable foreign matter in an external heat exchanger even when fuel containing nonflammable foreign matter is used. An object of the present invention is to provide a circulating fluidized bed boiler capable of performing the above.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明は以下の手段を採用する。
すなわち、本発明は、内部に固体の熱媒体からなる高温の流動層が形成される燃焼室と、該燃焼室で発生した燃焼ガスを回収して処理するとともに該燃焼ガスに含まれる前記熱媒体を回収する排気処理装置と、該排気処理装置が回収した前記熱媒体を前記燃焼室に供給する熱媒体循環系統とを有しており、該熱媒体循環系統は、前記燃焼室に供給する前記熱媒体の一部が内部に流通されて該熱媒体から熱を回収する外部熱交換器と、該外部熱交換器に接続されて該外部熱交換器内に内部の前記熱媒体を攪拌する攪拌気流を発生させて流動層を形成する熱交換器側風室と、前記外部熱交換器内と前記燃焼室内とを接続する接続部とを有しており、該接続部は、前記燃焼室の側壁に接続されており、その開口面積は、燃料中異物が前記攪拌気流に搬送されて前記外部熱交換器へと流入することを前記外部熱交換器から前記燃焼室への流れによって抑制する開口面積に設定されており、前記外部熱交換器の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に設定されている循環流動層ボイラを提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
That is, the present invention provides a combustion chamber in which a high-temperature fluidized bed composed of a solid heat medium is formed, and recovers and treats the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber and includes the heat medium contained in the combustion gas. And a heat medium circulation system for supplying the heat medium recovered by the exhaust treatment apparatus to the combustion chamber, and the heat medium circulation system supplies the heat chamber to the combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger in which a part of the heat medium is circulated inside and recovers heat from the heat medium, and stirring that is connected to the external heat exchanger and stirs the heat medium inside the external heat exchanger A heat exchanger side wind chamber that generates an air flow to form a fluidized bed, and a connection portion that connects the inside of the external heat exchanger and the combustion chamber, the connection portion of the combustion chamber is connected to the side wall, the opening area, is the fuel foreign substance to the agitated air flow 0 that flows into feed has been said external heat exchanger from the external heat exchanger is set to an opening area of suppressing the flow to the combustion chamber, the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger. Provided is a circulating fluidized bed boiler set within a range of 8% to 4.0%.

このように構成される循環流動層ボイラでは、外部熱交換器内に供給された熱媒体は、熱交換器側風室が発生させた攪拌気流によって攪拌されて流動層を形成するとともに、この攪拌気流によって、外部熱交換器と燃焼室とを接続する接続部を通じて、燃焼室に送り込まれる。
ここで、循環流動層ボイラでは、定常運転時には、熱媒体の循環量はほぼ一定に保たれている。このため、定常運転時には、外部熱交換器から燃焼室に送り込まれる気体の流量も、ほぼ一定に保たれる。
本発明の循環流動層ボイラでは、外部熱交換器と燃焼室とを接続する接続部の開口面積が、外部熱交換器の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に設定されている。
なお、ここでいう接続部の開口面積とは、接続部において最も流路断面積が小さくなる部位での開口面積である。
この値は、一般的な循環流動層ボイラにおける外部熱交換器の炉底断面積に対する接続部の開口面積の比よりも小さい。
このため、この循環流動層ボイラでは、外部熱交換器から燃焼室に向う気流の流速が、従来の循環流動層ボイラよりも高められることになり、燃焼室から外部熱交換器への不燃性の異物の逆流が抑えられる。 In the circulating fluidized bed boiler configured as described above, the heat medium supplied into the external heat exchanger is stirred by the stirring airflow generated by the heat exchanger side air chamber to form a fluidized bed, and this stirring is performed. The air current is sent to the combustion chamber through a connecting portion that connects the external heat exchanger and the combustion chamber.
Here, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the circulating amount of the heat medium is kept substantially constant during steady operation. For this reason, during steady operation, the flow rate of the gas sent from the external heat exchanger to the combustion chamber is also kept substantially constant.
In the circulating fluidized bed boiler of the present invention, the opening area of the connecting portion connecting the external heat exchanger and the combustion chamber is within the range of 0.8% to 4.0% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger. Is set.
In addition, the opening area of a connection part here is an opening area in the site | part in which a flow-path cross-sectional area becomes the smallest in a connection part.
This value is smaller than the ratio of the opening area of the connection portion to the furnace cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger in a general circulating fluidized bed boiler.
For this reason, in this circulating fluidized bed boiler, the flow velocity of the air flow from the external heat exchanger to the combustion chamber will be higher than that of the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the non-combustible property from the combustion chamber to the external heat exchanger will be increased. The backflow of foreign matter is suppressed.

また、本発明において、前記接続部に、該接続部の一部を塞ぐ閉塞部材が設けられており、これによって前記接続部の開口面積が、前記外部熱交換器の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に設定されていてもよい。
この場合には、接続部の開口面積が、本発明の設定範囲よりも大きい循環流動層ボイラ（不燃性の異物の蓄積を考慮していない従来の循環流動層ボイラ）に対して、接続部に閉塞部材を設けることで、本発明の循環流動層ボイラを得ることができる。
すなわち、従来の循環流動層ボイラにわずかな改良を加えるだけで、不燃性の異物を含む燃料の使用に適した、本発明の循環流動層ボイラを得ることができる。 In the present invention, the connecting portion is provided with a closing member that closes a part of the connecting portion, whereby the opening area of the connecting portion is set to 0. 0 of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger. It may be set within a range of 8% to 4.0%.
In this case, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler in which the opening area of the connecting portion is larger than the set range of the present invention (conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler that does not consider the accumulation of nonflammable foreign matter) By providing the closing member, the circulating fluidized bed boiler of the present invention can be obtained.
That is, the circulating fluidized bed boiler of the present invention suitable for the use of fuel containing non-combustible foreign matters can be obtained by making a slight improvement to the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler.

また、接続部の開口面積を、外部熱交換器の炉底断面積の１．０％から３．２％の範囲内にすることで、外部熱交換器から燃焼室への熱媒体の供給量を適正範囲内に維持しつつ、外部熱交換器から燃焼室に向う気流の流速をさらに高めて、燃焼室から外部熱交換器への不燃性の異物の逆流をより効果的に抑制することができる。   In addition, the amount of heat medium supplied from the external heat exchanger to the combustion chamber is controlled by setting the opening area of the connecting portion within the range of 1.0% to 3.2% of the cross-sectional area of the furnace bottom of the external heat exchanger. The flow rate of airflow from the external heat exchanger to the combustion chamber is further increased while maintaining the flow rate within the appropriate range, and the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter from the combustion chamber to the external heat exchanger can be more effectively suppressed. it can.

また、本発明において、前記接続部の前記燃焼室側の開口部の下縁部にスロープが形成されており、前記閉塞部材が、前記接続部の前記燃焼室側の開口部のうち、前記スロープに対向する領域を塞いでいてもよい。
この場合には、設計上の都合を優先して、接続部の燃焼室側の開口部の下縁部にスロープが形成された構成としながら、不燃性の異物の逆流の要因の一つであるスロープが塞がれるので、不燃性の異物の逆流をより効果的に防止することができる。 In the present invention, a slope is formed at a lower edge portion of the opening portion on the combustion chamber side of the connection portion, and the blocking member is the slope portion of the opening portion on the combustion chamber side of the connection portion. The area opposite to may be closed.
In this case, giving priority to the design, the slope is formed at the lower edge of the opening on the combustion chamber side of the connection portion, which is one of the causes of the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter. Since the slope is blocked, the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter can be more effectively prevented.

また、本発明において、前記閉塞部材が、前記接続部を上下方向に横断するようにして閉塞していてもよい。   Moreover, in this invention, the said closure member may be obstruct | occluded so that the said connection part may be traversed to an up-down direction.

また、本発明は、内部に固体の熱媒体からなる高温の流動層が形成される燃焼室と、該燃焼室で発生した燃焼ガスを回収して処理するとともに該燃焼ガスに含まれる前記熱媒体を回収する排気処理装置と、該排気処理装置が回収した前記熱媒体を前記燃焼室に供給する熱媒体循環系統とを有しており、該熱媒体循環系統は、前記燃焼室に供給する前記熱媒体の一部が内部に流通されて該熱媒体から熱を回収する外部熱交換器と、該外部熱交換器に接続されて該外部熱交換器内に内部の前記熱媒体を攪拌する攪拌気流を発生させて流動層を形成する熱交換器側風室と、前記外部熱交換器内と前記燃焼室内とを接続する接続部とを有しており、 該接続部は、前記燃焼部の側壁に接続されて燃料中異物が前記攪拌気流に搬送されて前記外部熱交換器へと流入することを前記外部熱交換器から前記燃焼室への流れによって抑制する開口面積に設定されており、該接続部の前記燃焼室側の開口部の下縁部にスロープが形成されており、前記閉塞部材が、前記接続部の前記燃焼室側の開口部のうち、前記スロープに対向する領域を塞いでいる循環流動層ボイラを提供する。 Further, the present invention provides a combustion chamber in which a high-temperature fluidized bed made of a solid heat medium is formed, and recovers and processes the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber and includes the heat medium contained in the combustion gas. And a heat medium circulation system for supplying the heat medium recovered by the exhaust treatment apparatus to the combustion chamber, and the heat medium circulation system supplies the heat chamber to the combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger in which a part of the heat medium is circulated inside and recovers heat from the heat medium, and stirring that is connected to the external heat exchanger and stirs the heat medium inside the external heat exchanger A heat exchanger side wind chamber that generates an air flow to form a fluidized bed, and a connection portion that connects the inside of the external heat exchanger and the combustion chamber, the connection portion of the combustion portion The external heat exchanger is connected to the side wall and the foreign matter in the fuel is conveyed to the stirring airflow . And that flowing from the external heat exchanger is set to an opening area of suppressing the flow to the combustion chamber into the slope to the lower edge portion of the combustion chamber side opening of the connecting portion is formed And the said closure member provides the circulating fluidized bed boiler which has block | closed the area | region which opposes the said slope among the opening parts by the side of the said combustion chamber of the said connection part.

この場合には、設計上の都合を優先して、接続部の燃焼室側の開口部の下縁部にスロープが形成された構成としながら、不燃性の異物の逆流の要因の一つであるスロープが塞がれるので、不燃性の異物の逆流を効果的に防止することができる。   In this case, giving priority to the design, the slope is formed at the lower edge of the opening on the combustion chamber side of the connection portion, which is one of the causes of the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter. Since the slope is blocked, the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter can be effectively prevented.

また、本発明は、内部に固体の熱媒体からなる高温の流動層が形成される燃焼室と、該燃焼室で発生した燃焼ガスを回収して処理するとともに該燃焼ガスに含まれる前記熱媒体を回収する排気処理装置と、該排気処理装置が回収した前記熱媒体を前記燃焼室に供給する熱媒体循環系統とを有しており、該熱媒体循環系統は、前記燃焼室に供給する前記熱媒体の一部が内部に流通されて該熱媒体から熱を回収する外部熱交換器と、該外部熱交換器に接続されて該外部熱交換器内に内部の前記熱媒体を攪拌する攪拌気流を発生させて流動層を形成する熱交換器側風室と、前記外部熱交換器内と前記燃焼室内とを接続する接続部とを有しており、該接続部は、前記燃焼部の側壁に接続されており、前記燃焼室の壁は、複数の伝熱管によって構成されるとともに、一部の前記伝熱管を曲げることによって前記接続部が接続されて燃料中異物が前記攪拌気流に搬送されて前記外部熱交換器へと流入することを前記外部熱交換器から前記燃焼室への流れによって抑制する開口面積に設定される開口部が形成されており、前記伝熱管のうち、前記開口部の下端部を構成する前記伝熱管が、下方に向うにつれて前記外部熱交換器側から前記燃焼室側に向うように傾斜させられており、この傾斜した前記伝熱管が、耐火材によって覆われていて、前記開口部の下縁部が水平面とされている循環流動層ボイラを提供する。
Further, the present invention provides a combustion chamber in which a high-temperature fluidized bed made of a solid heat medium is formed, and recovers and processes the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber and includes the heat medium contained in the combustion gas. And a heat medium circulation system for supplying the heat medium recovered by the exhaust treatment apparatus to the combustion chamber, and the heat medium circulation system supplies the heat chamber to the combustion chamber. An external heat exchanger in which a part of the heat medium is circulated inside and recovers heat from the heat medium, and stirring that is connected to the external heat exchanger and stirs the heat medium inside the external heat exchanger A heat exchanger side wind chamber that generates an air flow to form a fluidized bed, and a connection portion that connects the inside of the external heat exchanger and the combustion chamber, the connection portion of the combustion portion Connected to the side wall, and the wall of the combustion chamber is composed of a plurality of heat transfer tubes. Together with the combustion chamber in that the connecting portion is connected to the fuel foreign matter flows into the external heat exchanger is transported to the agitation gas stream from the external heat exchanger by bending a portion of the heat transfer tube An opening that is set to an opening area that is suppressed by the flow to is formed, and among the heat transfer tubes, the heat transfer tube that constitutes the lower end of the opening is directed downward toward the external heat exchanger side A circulating fluidized bed boiler in which the inclined heat transfer tube is covered with a refractory material and the lower edge of the opening is a horizontal surface. To do.

この場合には、設計上の都合を優先して、燃焼室の壁を構成する伝熱管のうち、接続部の開口部の下端部を構成する伝熱管を、下方に向うにつれて外部熱交換器側から燃焼室側に向うように傾斜させられた構成としながら、接続部の燃焼室側の開口部の下端部が水平面とされていて、不燃性の異物の逆流の要因の一つであるスロープがないので、不燃性の異物の逆流を効果的に防止することができる。   In this case, giving priority to the design, out of the heat transfer tubes constituting the wall of the combustion chamber, the heat transfer tube constituting the lower end of the opening of the connection portion is arranged on the external heat exchanger side as it goes downward. The lower end of the opening on the combustion chamber side of the connecting portion is a horizontal surface, and the slope that is one of the causes of the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter is Therefore, the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter can be effectively prevented.

このように構成される循環流動層ボイラでは、不燃性の異物を含む燃料を使用しても、燃焼室から外部熱交換器への不燃性の異物の逆流を防止して、外部熱交換器への不燃性の異物の蓄積による性能低下を防止することができる。   In the circulating fluidized bed boiler configured in this way, even if fuel containing non-combustible foreign matter is used, the backflow of non-combustible foreign matter from the combustion chamber to the external heat exchanger is prevented, and the external heat exchanger is supplied. Performance degradation due to accumulation of non-flammable foreign matter can be prevented.

以下に、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
［第一実施形態］
以下、本発明の第一実施形態について、図１から図３を用いて説明する。
図１に示すように、本実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラ１は、内部に固体の熱媒体からなる高温の流動層が形成される燃焼室２と、燃焼室２で発生した燃焼ガスを回収して処理するとともにこの燃焼ガスに含まれる熱媒体を回収する排気処理装置３と、排気処理装置３が回収した熱媒体を燃焼室２に供給する熱媒体循環系統４とを有している。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[First embodiment]
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
As shown in FIG. 1, a circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 according to this embodiment collects a combustion chamber 2 in which a high-temperature fluidized bed made of a solid heat medium is formed, and combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 2. And an exhaust treatment device 3 that collects the heat medium contained in the combustion gas and a heat medium circulation system 4 that supplies the heat medium collected by the exhaust treatment device 3 to the combustion chamber 2.

燃焼室２は、上下方向に延びる箱形状をなしており、この燃焼室２を構成する壁２ａは、図２に示すように、上下方向に延びる複数の伝熱管Ｐによって構成されている。これら伝熱管Ｐの表面は、燃焼室２内を流動する熱媒体等の物質との接触による摩耗が生じないよう、表面を耐火材によって覆われている。
また、図１に示すように、燃焼室２の下部には、燃焼室２内の熱媒体を攪拌する攪拌気流を発生させて燃焼室２内に流動層を形成する燃焼室側風室１１が設けられている。 The combustion chamber 2 has a box shape extending in the vertical direction, and a wall 2a constituting the combustion chamber 2 is constituted by a plurality of heat transfer tubes P extending in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. The surfaces of these heat transfer tubes P are covered with a refractory material so that wear due to contact with a substance such as a heat medium flowing in the combustion chamber 2 does not occur.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, a combustion chamber side wind chamber 11 that generates a fluidized bed in the combustion chamber 2 by generating a stirring air stream that stirs the heat medium in the combustion chamber 2 at the lower portion of the combustion chamber 2. Is provided.

排気処理装置３は、燃焼室２の上部に接続されて、蒸気発生に利用された後の燃焼ガスから未燃分や熱媒体を分離するサイクロン装置を有している。
熱媒体循環系統４は、排気処理装置３によって回収された熱媒体を燃焼室２に送り込む熱媒体通路１２を有している。
熱媒体通路１２には、燃焼室２への熱媒体の供給を許容しながら燃焼室２からの燃焼ガスの逆流を防止するシールポット１３が設けられている。
また、シールポット１３には、一部の熱媒体をバイパスするバイパス流路１４が接続されている。このバイパス流路１４には、熱媒体から熱を回収する外部熱交換器１６が接続されている。 The exhaust treatment device 3 is connected to the upper portion of the combustion chamber 2 and has a cyclone device that separates unburned components and heat medium from the combustion gas after being used for generating steam.
The heat medium circulation system 4 has a heat medium passage 12 through which the heat medium recovered by the exhaust treatment device 3 is sent to the combustion chamber 2.
The heat medium passage 12 is provided with a seal pot 13 that prevents the back flow of the combustion gas from the combustion chamber 2 while allowing the supply of the heat medium to the combustion chamber 2.
Further, a bypass flow path 14 that bypasses a part of the heat medium is connected to the seal pot 13. An external heat exchanger 16 that recovers heat from the heat medium is connected to the bypass flow path 14.

外部熱交換器１６は、燃焼室２の下部に隣接配置される箱形状をなしており、その壁部は、熱媒体から熱を回収する熱交換面とされている。
また、外部熱交換器１６には、外部熱交換器１６内の熱媒体を攪拌する攪拌気流を発生させて外部熱交換器１６内に流動層を形成する熱交換器側風室１７が設けられている。
外部熱交換器１６内と燃焼室２内とは、接続部１９によって接続されている。
外部熱交換器１６は、一部の壁を燃焼室２と共有している（以下、この壁を「共通壁１８」とする）。
本実施形態では、共通壁１８には外部熱交換器１６側から燃焼室２側まで通じる連通孔が設けられており、この連通孔が接続部１９を構成されている。 The external heat exchanger 16 has a box shape disposed adjacent to the lower part of the combustion chamber 2, and its wall portion is a heat exchange surface for recovering heat from the heat medium.
The external heat exchanger 16 is also provided with a heat exchanger-side air chamber 17 that generates a stirring air stream that stirs the heat medium in the external heat exchanger 16 to form a fluidized bed in the external heat exchanger 16. ing.
The external heat exchanger 16 and the combustion chamber 2 are connected by a connection portion 19.
The external heat exchanger 16 shares a part of the wall with the combustion chamber 2 (hereinafter, this wall is referred to as “common wall 18”).
In the present embodiment, the common wall 18 is provided with a communication hole that communicates from the external heat exchanger 16 side to the combustion chamber 2 side, and this communication hole constitutes the connection portion 19.

接続部１９を構成する連通孔は、共通壁１８を構成する伝熱管Ｐを曲げることによって形成されたものである。具体的には、共通壁１８を構成する伝熱管Ｐの一部が、連通孔の形成される領域を迂回するように、他の伝熱管Ｐの形成する平面から外部熱交換器１６側に張り出すようにして曲げられることによって、連通孔が形成されている。
本実施形態では、曲げられている伝熱管Ｐのうち、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下端部を構成する部位は、下方に向うにつれて外部熱交換器１６側から燃焼室２側に向うように傾斜させられている。
これにより、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下縁部に、燃焼室２側から外部熱交換器１６側に上るスロープ１９ａが形成されている。 The communication hole constituting the connecting portion 19 is formed by bending the heat transfer tube P constituting the common wall 18. Specifically, a part of the heat transfer tube P constituting the common wall 18 is stretched from the plane formed by the other heat transfer tubes P toward the external heat exchanger 16 so as to bypass the region where the communication holes are formed. The communication hole is formed by being bent so as to protrude.
In this embodiment, the part which comprises the lower end part of the opening part by the side of the combustion chamber 2 of the connection part 19 among the bent heat-transfer tubes P is the combustion chamber 2 side from the external heat exchanger 16 side as it goes below. It is inclined to face.
As a result, a slope 19 a that rises from the combustion chamber 2 side to the external heat exchanger 16 side is formed at the lower edge of the opening of the connection portion 19 on the combustion chamber 2 side.

この接続部１９の開口面積は、外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内、好ましくは、１．０％から３．２％の範囲内に設定されている。なお、ここでいう接続部１９の開口面積とは、開口部１９において最も開口面積が小さくなる部位での開口面積である。
本実施形態では、接続部１９として、開口面積が外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の４．０％よりも大きい接続部の一部を、閉塞部材２１によって閉塞することによって、接続部１９の実際の開口面積を、外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に収めた構成とされている。具体的には、本実施形態では、板状の閉塞部材２１によって、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の上部を覆うことによって、接続部１９の実際の開口面積を、外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に収めている。 The opening area of the connection portion 19 is set in the range of 0.8% to 4.0%, preferably in the range of 1.0% to 3.2% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger 16. Has been. Here, the opening area of the connecting portion 19 is an opening area at a portion where the opening area is the smallest in the opening portion 19.
In the present embodiment, as the connecting portion 19, a part of the connecting portion whose opening area is larger than 4.0% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger 16 is closed by the closing member 21, thereby connecting the connecting portion 19. The actual opening area is set in a range of 0.8% to 4.0% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger 16. Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper part of the opening part on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connection part 19 is covered with the plate-like closing member 21, thereby reducing the actual opening area of the connection part 19 to the external heat exchanger. It is contained in the range of 0.8% to 4.0% of the cross-sectional area of 16 furnace bottoms.

このように構成される循環流動層ボイラ１では、外部熱交換器１６内に供給された熱媒体は、熱交換器側風室１７が発生させた攪拌気流によって攪拌されて流動層を形成するとともに、この攪拌気流によって、外部熱交換器１６と燃焼室２とを接続する接続部１９を通じて、燃焼室２に送り込まれる。
ここで、循環流動層ボイラでは、定常運転時には、熱媒体の循環量はほぼ一定に保たれている。このため、定常運転時には、外部熱交換器から燃焼室に送り込まれる気体の流量も、ほぼ一定に保たれる。 In the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 configured as described above, the heat medium supplied into the external heat exchanger 16 is stirred by the stirring air flow generated by the heat exchanger-side air chamber 17 to form a fluidized bed. The agitated air current is fed into the combustion chamber 2 through a connection portion 19 that connects the external heat exchanger 16 and the combustion chamber 2.
Here, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the circulating amount of the heat medium is kept substantially constant during steady operation. For this reason, during steady operation, the flow rate of the gas sent from the external heat exchanger to the combustion chamber is also kept substantially constant.

本実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラ１では、外部熱交換器１６と燃焼室２とを接続する接続部１９の開口面積が、外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に設定されている。
この値は、一般的な循環流動層ボイラにおける外部熱交換器の炉底断面積に対する接続部の開口面積の比よりも小さい。
このため、この循環流動層ボイラ１では、外部熱交換器１６から燃焼室２に向う気流の流速が、従来の循環流動層ボイラよりも高められることになり、燃焼室２から外部熱交換器１６への不燃性の異物の逆流が抑えられる。 In the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 according to the present embodiment, the opening area of the connecting portion 19 that connects the external heat exchanger 16 and the combustion chamber 2 is from 0.8% to 4% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger 16. It is set within the range of 0%.
This value is smaller than the ratio of the opening area of the connection portion to the furnace cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger in a general circulating fluidized bed boiler.
For this reason, in this circulating fluidized bed boiler 1, the flow velocity of the air flow from the external heat exchanger 16 to the combustion chamber 2 is increased as compared with the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the external heat exchanger 16 from the combustion chamber 2 is increased. The backflow of non-flammable foreign matter to is suppressed.

このように、本実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラ１では、不燃性の異物を含む燃料を使用しても、燃焼室２から外部熱交換器１６への不燃性の異物の逆流を防止して、外部熱交換器１６への不燃性の異物の蓄積による性能低下を防止することができる。   As described above, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 according to the present embodiment, the backflow of the nonflammable foreign matter from the combustion chamber 2 to the external heat exchanger 16 is prevented even when the fuel containing the nonflammable foreign matter is used. In addition, it is possible to prevent performance degradation due to accumulation of nonflammable foreign matter in the external heat exchanger 16.

また、接続部１９の開口面積を、外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の１．０％から３．２％の範囲内にすることで、外部熱交換器１６から燃焼室２への熱媒体の供給量を適正範囲内に維持しつつ、外部熱交換器１６から燃焼室２に向う気流の流速をさらに高めて、燃焼室２から外部熱交換器１６への不燃性の異物の逆流をより効果的に抑制することができる。   Further, by setting the opening area of the connection portion 19 within the range of 1.0% to 3.2% of the cross-sectional area of the furnace bottom of the external heat exchanger 16, heat from the external heat exchanger 16 to the combustion chamber 2 can be obtained. While maintaining the supply amount of the medium within an appropriate range, the flow rate of the air flow from the external heat exchanger 16 to the combustion chamber 2 is further increased to reduce the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter from the combustion chamber 2 to the external heat exchanger 16. It can suppress more effectively.

本実施形態では、前記のように、接続部１９には、燃焼室２側の開口部の一部を塞ぐ閉塞部材２１が設けられており、これによって接続部１９の開口面積が、外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に設定されている。
このため、接続部１９の開口面積が、本発明の設定範囲よりも大きい循環流動層ボイラ（不燃性の異物の蓄積を考慮していない従来の循環流動層ボイラ）に対して、接続部１９に閉塞部材１２を設けることで、本発明の循環流動層ボイラ１を得ることができる。
すなわち、従来の循環流動層ボイラにわずかな改良を加えるだけで、不燃性の異物を含む燃料の使用に適した、本発明の循環流動層ボイラ１を得ることができる。 In the present embodiment, as described above, the connecting portion 19 is provided with the closing member 21 that closes a part of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side, so that the opening area of the connecting portion 19 is external heat exchange. It is set in the range of 0.8% to 4.0% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the vessel 16.
For this reason, with respect to the circulating fluidized bed boiler (the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler which does not consider the accumulation of nonflammable foreign matter) whose opening area of the connecting portion 19 is larger than the set range of the present invention, By providing the closing member 12, the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 of the present invention can be obtained.
That is, the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 of the present invention suitable for the use of fuel containing non-combustible foreign matters can be obtained by adding a slight improvement to the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler.

［第二実施形態］
次に、本発明の第二実施形態について、図４を用いて説明する。
本実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラ３１は、第一実施形態に示した循環流動層ボイラ１において、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部に閉塞部材２１を設ける代わりに、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部のうち、スロープ１９ａに対向する領域を塞ぐ閉塞部材３２を設けたものである。
このように構成される循環流動層ボイラ３１では、設計上の都合を優先して接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下縁部にスロープ１９ａが形成された構成としながら、不燃性の異物の逆流の要因の一つであるスロープ１９ａが塞がれるので、不燃性の異物の逆流を効果的に防止することができる。 [Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the circulating fluidized bed boiler 31 according to the present embodiment, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 shown in the first embodiment, instead of providing the closing member 21 at the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connecting portion 19, Of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side, a blocking member 32 is provided to close the region facing the slope 19a.
In the circulating fluidized bed boiler 31 configured in this way, the slope 19a is formed at the lower edge of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connecting portion 19 giving priority to the design convenience, while being nonflammable. Since the slope 19a, which is one of the causes of the backflow of foreign matter, is blocked, the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter can be effectively prevented.

［第三実施形態］
次に、本発明の第三実施形態について、図５を用いて説明する。
本実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラ４１は、第一実施形態に示した循環流動層ボイラ１において、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部に、閉塞部材２１に加えて、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部のうち、スロープ１９ａに対向する領域を塞ぐ閉塞部材３２をさらに設けたものである。
このように構成される循環流動層ボイラ４１では、設計上の都合を優先して接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下縁部にスロープ１９ａが形成された構成としながら、接続部１９の開口面積が低減されることによる不燃性の異物の逆流防止効果に加えて、不燃性の異物の逆流の要因の一つであるスロープ１９ａが塞がれることによる逆流防止効果も得られるので、不燃性の異物の逆流をより効果的に防止することができる。 [Third embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the circulating fluidized bed boiler 41 according to the present embodiment, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 shown in the first embodiment, in addition to the closing member 21, the connecting portion 19 has an opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connecting portion 19. Of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side, a blocking member 32 is further provided to block the region facing the slope 19a.
In the circulating fluidized bed boiler 41 configured as described above, the connecting portion 19 is configured with the slope 19a formed at the lower edge portion of the opening portion of the connecting portion 19 on the combustion chamber 2 side in consideration of design convenience. In addition to the effect of preventing the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter due to the reduction of the opening area, the backflow prevention effect by blocking the slope 19a, which is one of the causes of backflow of nonflammable foreign matter, is also obtained. The backflow of nonflammable foreign matter can be more effectively prevented.

［第四実施形態］
次に、本発明の第四実施形態について、図６を用いて説明する。
本実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラ５１は、第一実施形態に示した循環流動層ボイラ１において、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部に、開口部の上部を閉塞する閉塞部材２１の代わりに、開口部を上下方向に横断するようにして閉塞する閉塞部材５２を設けたものである。
本実施形態では、閉塞部材５２は、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の左右両側にそれぞれ同形状のものを設けている。
なお、本実施形態においても、接続部１９の実際の開口面積は、外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に収められている。 [Fourth embodiment]
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The circulating fluidized bed boiler 51 according to the present embodiment is the same as the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 shown in the first embodiment. The closing member 21 closes the upper part of the opening at the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connecting part 19. Instead, a closing member 52 that closes the opening so as to cross the opening in the vertical direction is provided.
In the present embodiment, the closing member 52 is provided with the same shape on both the left and right sides of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connecting portion 19.
In the present embodiment as well, the actual opening area of the connecting portion 19 is within the range of 0.8% to 4.0% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger 16.

このように構成される循環流動層ボイラ５１では、設計上の都合を優先して接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下縁部にスロープ１９ａが形成された構成としながら、接続部１９の開口面積が低減されることによる不燃性の異物の逆流防止効果に加えて、不燃性の異物の逆流の要因の一つであるスロープ１９ａが塞がれることによる逆流防止効果も得られるので、不燃性の異物の逆流をより効果的に防止することができる。   In the circulating fluidized bed boiler 51 configured as described above, the connecting portion 19 is configured with the slope 19a formed at the lower edge portion of the opening portion of the connecting portion 19 on the combustion chamber 2 side in consideration of design convenience. In addition to the effect of preventing the backflow of nonflammable foreign matter due to the reduction of the opening area, the backflow prevention effect by blocking the slope 19a, which is one of the causes of backflow of nonflammable foreign matter, is also obtained. The backflow of nonflammable foreign matter can be prevented more effectively.

［第五実施形態］
次に、本発明の第五実施形態について、図７を用いて説明する。
本実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラ６１は、第一実施形態に示した循環流動層ボイラ１において、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の上部を閉塞する閉塞部材２１を設ける代わりに、伝熱管Ｐ（図６では図示せず）において接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下縁部を構成する部分を覆う耐火材６２を設けて、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下縁部を水平面としたものである。 [Fifth embodiment]
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the circulating fluidized bed boiler 61 according to the present embodiment, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler 1 shown in the first embodiment, instead of providing the closing member 21 that closes the upper portion of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connecting portion 19, In the heat transfer tube P (not shown in FIG. 6), a refractory material 62 is provided to cover a portion constituting the lower edge of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connecting portion 19, and the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connecting portion 19 The lower edge of the part is a horizontal plane.

このように構成される循環流動層ボイラ６１によれば、設計上の都合を優先して、燃焼室２と外部熱交換器１６とで共有される共通壁１８を構成する伝熱管Ｐのうち、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下端部を構成する伝熱管Ｐを、下方に向うにつれて外部熱交換器１６側から燃焼室２側に向うように傾斜させられた構成としながら、接続部１９の燃焼室２側の開口部の下端部が水平面とされていて、不燃性の異物の逆流の要因の一つであるスロープ１９ａ（図７に二点鎖線で示す）がないので、不燃性の異物の逆流を効果的に防止することができる。   According to the circulating fluidized bed boiler 61 configured in this way, among the heat transfer tubes P constituting the common wall 18 shared by the combustion chamber 2 and the external heat exchanger 16 in consideration of design convenience, While connecting the heat transfer pipe P constituting the lower end of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the connection portion 19 so as to be directed downward from the external heat exchanger 16 side toward the combustion chamber 2 side, Since the lower end of the opening on the combustion chamber 2 side of the portion 19 is a horizontal plane, there is no slope 19a (indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 7) which is one of the causes of backflow of nonflammable foreign matter. It is possible to effectively prevent the reverse flow of sexual foreign substances.

ここで、本発明に係る循環流動層ボイラの効果を調べるために、循環流動層ボイラにおいて、接続部１９の開口面積と外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積との比を様々に変えて、それぞれの場合における不燃性の異物の逆流量を比較する試験を行った。
以下にその結果を示す。 Here, in order to investigate the effect of the circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the present invention, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler, variously changing the ratio of the opening area of the connecting portion 19 and the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger 16, A test was conducted to compare the reverse flow rate of nonflammable foreign matter in each case.
The results are shown below.

この試験では、実際の循環流動層ボイラの縮小模型を用いるとともに、燃料として模擬タイヤ片（ゴムシート）と、燃料に含まれる不燃性の異物として模擬ビードワイヤ片（ワイヤ片）とを用いた。
なお、この試験では、燃焼室２内での燃料の燃焼は行わず、燃焼室側風室１１による流動層の形成のみ行っている。また、この試験では、外部熱交換器１６内における流動層の形成は行わず、熱交換器側風室１７による気流の形成のみ行っている。 In this test, a reduced model of an actual circulating fluidized bed boiler was used, a simulated tire piece (rubber sheet) was used as the fuel, and a simulated bead wire piece (wire piece) was used as the non-combustible foreign matter contained in the fuel.
In this test, the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber 2 is not performed, and only the formation of a fluidized bed by the combustion chamber-side wind chamber 11 is performed. In this test, the formation of the fluidized bed in the external heat exchanger 16 is not performed, and only the formation of the airflow by the heat exchanger side wind chamber 17 is performed.

また、この試験では、実際の循環流動層ボイラを忠実にシミュレートするために、縮小模型の接続部１９の開口面積に対する模擬タイヤ片の投影面積比を、実際の循環流動層ボイラの接続部１９の開口面積に対するタイヤ片の投影面積比と同一としており、実際のビードワイヤに対する模擬ビードワイヤ片の縮尺は、実際の循環流動層ボイラに対する縮小模型の縮尺と同一としている。（ただし、熱媒体の平均粒子径は実際の循環流動層ボイラと同一としている）。
また、燃焼室２内と外部熱交換器１６内との差圧は、模擬タイヤ片、模擬ビードワイヤ片、及び熱媒体の運動量比が実際の循環流動層ボイラと同程度となるように調整している。 Further, in this test, in order to faithfully simulate an actual circulating fluidized bed boiler, the ratio of the projected area of the simulated tire piece to the opening area of the connecting portion 19 of the reduced model is set as the actual circulating fluidized bed boiler connecting portion 19. The projected area ratio of the tire piece with respect to the opening area is the same, and the scale of the simulated bead wire piece with respect to the actual bead wire is the same as the scale of the reduced model with respect to the actual circulating fluidized bed boiler. (However, the average particle diameter of the heat medium is the same as the actual circulating fluidized bed boiler).
In addition, the differential pressure between the combustion chamber 2 and the external heat exchanger 16 is adjusted so that the momentum ratio of the simulated tire piece, the simulated bead wire piece, and the heat medium is approximately the same as that of the actual circulating fluidized bed boiler. Yes.

図８のグラフに示すように、接続部１９の開口面積を外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の約２．８％とした場合を１００％とすると、接続部１９の開口面積を外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の約１．８％とした場合には、模擬ビードワイヤの逆流量は約３０％程度まで低減した。一方、接続部１９の開口面積を外部熱交換器１６の炉底断面積の約４．３％とした場合には、模擬ビードワイヤの逆流量は約１９０％程度まで増加した。   As shown in the graph of FIG. 8, assuming that the opening area of the connecting portion 19 is about 2.8% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger 16, the opening area of the connecting portion 19 is the external heat. When the cross-sectional area of the furnace bottom of the exchanger 16 was about 1.8%, the reverse flow rate of the simulated bead wire was reduced to about 30%. On the other hand, when the opening area of the connection portion 19 was about 4.3% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger 16, the reverse flow rate of the simulated bead wire increased to about 190%.

また、上記試験と同様の条件で、接続部１９を閉塞部材によって横に塞いだ場合（実施例１；第一実施形態に相当）と、接続部１９を閉塞部材によって縦に塞いだ場合（実施例２；第四実施形態に相当）と、閉塞部材を全く設けなかった場合とで、模擬ビードワイヤの逆流量を比較した。
この結果、図９のグラフに示すように、閉塞部材を全く設けなかった場合に比べると、模擬ビードワイヤの逆流量は、１／１０以下となった。特に、接続部１９を閉塞部材によって横に塞いだ実施例１では、接続部１９を閉塞部材によって縦に塞いだ実施例２よりもわずかに逆流量が少なかった。
このことから、従来の循環流動層ボイラに対して閉塞部材を取り付けることで、本発明にかかる循環流動層ボイラと同様の効果を得ることができることが分かった。 Further, under the same conditions as in the above test, when the connecting portion 19 is horizontally closed with a closing member (Example 1; corresponding to the first embodiment), and when the connecting portion 19 is vertically closed with a closing member (implemented) Example 2 (corresponding to the fourth embodiment) and the back flow rate of the simulated bead wire were compared in the case where no closing member was provided.
As a result, as shown in the graph of FIG. 9, the reverse flow rate of the simulated bead wire was 1/10 or less compared to the case where no closing member was provided. In particular, in Example 1 in which the connecting portion 19 was horizontally closed with a closing member, the back flow rate was slightly smaller than in Example 2 in which the connecting portion 19 was vertically closed with a closing member.
From this, it was found that the same effect as the circulating fluidized bed boiler according to the present invention can be obtained by attaching the closing member to the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler.

本発明の第一実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラの構成を概略的に示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal section showing roughly the composition of the circulating fluidized bed boiler concerning a first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第一実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラの外部熱交換器と燃焼室とを接続する開口部を、燃焼室側から示した図である。It is the figure which showed the opening part which connects the external heat exchanger and combustion chamber of the circulating fluidized bed boiler which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention from the combustion chamber side. 図１の要部拡大図である。It is a principal part enlarged view of FIG. 本発明の第二実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラの構成を概略的に示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows schematically the structure of the circulating fluidized bed boiler which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第三実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラの構成を概略的に示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows schematically the structure of the circulating fluidized bed boiler which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第四実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラのうち、外部熱交換器と燃焼室とを接続する開口部を、燃焼室側から示した図である。It is the figure which showed the opening part which connects an external heat exchanger and a combustion chamber among the circulating fluidized bed boiler which concerns on 4th embodiment of this invention from the combustion chamber side. 本発明の第五実施形態に係る循環流動層ボイラの構成を概略的に示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows roughly the structure of the circulating fluidized bed boiler which concerns on 5th embodiment of this invention. 本発明を適用した循環流動層ボイラと従来の循環流動層ボイラとの不燃性の異物（ビードワイヤ）の逆流量を比較したグラフである。It is the graph which compared the reverse flow volume of the nonflammable foreign material (bead wire) with the circulating fluidized bed boiler to which this invention is applied, and the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler. 本発明を適用した循環流動層ボイラと従来の循環流動層ボイラとの不燃性の異物（ビードワイヤ）の逆流量を比較したグラフである。It is the graph which compared the reverse flow volume of the nonflammable foreign material (bead wire) with the circulating fluidized bed boiler to which this invention is applied, and the conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１，３１，４１，５１，６１ 循環流動層ボイラ
２ 燃焼室
３ 排気処理装置
４ 熱媒体循環系統
１６ 外部熱交換器
１７ 熱交換器側風室
１８ 共通壁
１９ 開口部
１９ａ スロープ
２１，３２，４２，５２ 閉塞部材
６２ 耐火材 1, 31, 41, 51, 61 Circulating fluidized bed boiler 2 Combustion chamber 3 Exhaust treatment device 4 Heat medium circulation system 16 External heat exchanger 17 Heat exchanger side air chamber 18 Common wall 19 Opening portion 19a Slope 21, 32, 42 , 52 Closure member 62 Refractory material

Claims (8)

内部に固体の熱媒体からなる高温の流動層が形成される燃焼室と、
該燃焼室で発生した燃焼ガスを回収して処理するとともに該燃焼ガスに含まれる前記熱媒体を回収する排気処理装置と、
該排気処理装置が回収した前記熱媒体を前記燃焼室に供給する熱媒体循環系統とを有しており、
該熱媒体循環系統は、前記燃焼室に供給する前記熱媒体の一部が内部に流通されて該熱媒体から熱を回収する外部熱交換器と、
該外部熱交換器に接続されて該外部熱交換器内に内部の前記熱媒体を攪拌する攪拌気流を発生させて流動層を形成する熱交換器側風室と、
前記外部熱交換器内と前記燃焼室内とを接続する接続部とを有しており、
該接続部は、前記燃焼室の側壁に接続されており、その開口面積は、燃料中異物が前記攪拌気流に搬送されて前記外部熱交換器へと流入することを前記外部熱交換器から前記燃焼室への流れによって抑制する開口面積に設定されており、前記外部熱交換器の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に設定されている循環流動層ボイラ。 A combustion chamber in which a high-temperature fluidized bed made of a solid heat medium is formed;
An exhaust treatment device that collects and processes the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber and collects the heat medium contained in the combustion gas;
A heat medium circulation system for supplying the heat medium recovered by the exhaust treatment device to the combustion chamber,
The heat medium circulation system includes an external heat exchanger in which a part of the heat medium supplied to the combustion chamber is circulated to recover heat from the heat medium;
A heat exchanger side wind chamber connected to the external heat exchanger and generating a fluidized bed by generating a stirring air flow for stirring the heat medium inside the external heat exchanger;
Having a connection part for connecting the inside of the external heat exchanger and the combustion chamber;
The connecting portion is connected to a side wall of the combustion chamber, and the opening area of the connecting portion is that the foreign heat in the fuel is conveyed to the stirring airflow and flows into the external heat exchanger from the external heat exchanger. A circulating fluidized bed boiler that is set to an opening area that is suppressed by a flow to the combustion chamber and that is set within a range of 0.8% to 4.0% of a cross-sectional area of the furnace bottom of the external heat exchanger. 前記接続部に、該接続部の一部を塞ぐ閉塞部材が設けられており、これによって前記接続部の開口面積が、前記外部熱交換器の炉底断面積の０．８％から４．０％の範囲内に設定されている請求項１に記載の循環流動層ボイラ。   The connecting portion is provided with a closing member that closes a part of the connecting portion, whereby the opening area of the connecting portion is from 0.8% to 4.0% of the furnace bottom cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger. The circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, which is set within a range of%. 前記接続部の開口面積が、前記外部熱交換器の炉底断面積の１．０％から３．２％の範囲内に設定されている請求項１または２に記載の循環流動層ボイラ。   The circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an opening area of the connection portion is set in a range of 1.0% to 3.2% of a furnace cross-sectional area of the external heat exchanger. 前記接続部の前記燃焼室側の開口部の下縁部にスロープが形成されており、
前記閉塞部材が、前記接続部の前記燃焼室側の開口部のうち、前記スロープに対向する領域を塞いでいる請求項２に記載の循環流動層ボイラ。 A slope is formed at the lower edge of the opening on the combustion chamber side of the connection part,
The circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 2, wherein the closing member closes a region facing the slope in the opening on the combustion chamber side of the connection portion. 前記閉塞部材が、前記接続部を上下方向に横断するようにして閉塞している請求項２に記載の循環流動層ボイラ。   The circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 2, wherein the closing member is closed so as to cross the connecting portion in the vertical direction. 内部に固体の熱媒体からなる高温の流動層が形成される燃焼室と、
該燃焼室で発生した燃焼ガスを回収して処理するとともに該燃焼ガスに含まれる前記熱媒体を回収する排気処理装置と、
該排気処理装置が回収した前記熱媒体を前記燃焼室に供給する熱媒体循環系統とを有しており、
該熱媒体循環系統は、前記燃焼室に供給する前記熱媒体の一部が内部に流通されて該熱媒体から熱を回収する外部熱交換器と、
該外部熱交換器に接続されて該外部熱交換器内に内部の前記熱媒体を攪拌する攪拌気流を発生させて流動層を形成する熱交換器側風室と、
前記外部熱交換器内と前記燃焼室内とを接続する接続部とを有しており、
該接続部は、前記燃焼部の側壁に接続されて燃料中異物が前記攪拌気流に搬送されて前記外部熱交換器へと流入することを前記外部熱交換器から前記燃焼室への流れによって抑制する開口面積に設定されており、
該接続部の前記燃焼室側の開口部の下縁部にスロープが形成されており、
前記閉塞部材が、前記接続部の前記燃焼室側の開口部のうち、前記スロープに対向する領域を塞いでいる循環流動層ボイラ。 A combustion chamber in which a high-temperature fluidized bed made of a solid heat medium is formed;
An exhaust treatment device that collects and processes the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber and collects the heat medium contained in the combustion gas;
A heat medium circulation system for supplying the heat medium recovered by the exhaust treatment device to the combustion chamber,
The heat medium circulation system includes an external heat exchanger in which a part of the heat medium supplied to the combustion chamber is circulated to recover heat from the heat medium;
A heat exchanger side wind chamber connected to the external heat exchanger and generating a fluidized bed by generating a stirring air flow for stirring the heat medium inside the external heat exchanger;
Having a connection part for connecting the inside of the external heat exchanger and the combustion chamber;
The connecting portion is connected to a side wall of the combustion portion and suppresses foreign matter in the fuel from being conveyed to the stirring airflow and flowing into the external heat exchanger by the flow from the external heat exchanger to the combustion chamber. The opening area is set to
A slope is formed at the lower edge of the opening on the combustion chamber side of the connection,
A circulating fluidized bed boiler in which the closing member closes a region facing the slope in the opening on the combustion chamber side of the connecting portion. 内部に固体の熱媒体からなる高温の流動層が形成される燃焼室と、
該燃焼室で発生した燃焼ガスを回収して処理するとともに該燃焼ガスに含まれる前記熱媒体を回収する排気処理装置と、
該排気処理装置が回収した前記熱媒体を前記燃焼室に供給する熱媒体循環系統とを有しており、
該熱媒体循環系統は、前記燃焼室に供給する前記熱媒体の一部が内部に流通されて該熱媒体から熱を回収する外部熱交換器と、
該外部熱交換器に接続されて該外部熱交換器内に内部の前記熱媒体を攪拌する攪拌気流を発生させて流動層を形成する熱交換器側風室と、
前記外部熱交換器内と前記燃焼室内とを接続する接続部とを有しており、
該接続部は、前記燃焼部の側壁に接続されており、
前記燃焼室の壁は、複数の伝熱管によって構成されるとともに、一部の前記伝熱管を曲げることによって前記接続部が接続されて燃料中異物が前記攪拌気流に搬送されて前記外部熱交換器へと流入することを前記外部熱交換器から前記燃焼室への流れによって抑制する開口面積に設定される開口部が形成されており、
前記伝熱管のうち、前記開口部の下端部を構成する前記伝熱管が、下方に向うにつれて前記外部熱交換器側から前記燃焼室側に向うように傾斜させられており、
この傾斜した前記伝熱管が、耐火材によって覆われていて、前記開口部の下縁部が水平面とされている循環流動層ボイラ。 A combustion chamber in which a high-temperature fluidized bed made of a solid heat medium is formed;
An exhaust treatment device that collects and processes the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber and collects the heat medium contained in the combustion gas;
A heat medium circulation system for supplying the heat medium recovered by the exhaust treatment device to the combustion chamber,
The heat medium circulation system includes an external heat exchanger in which a part of the heat medium supplied to the combustion chamber is circulated to recover heat from the heat medium;
A heat exchanger side wind chamber connected to the external heat exchanger and generating a fluidized bed by generating a stirring air flow for stirring the heat medium inside the external heat exchanger;
Having a connection part for connecting the inside of the external heat exchanger and the combustion chamber;
The connection part is connected to a side wall of the combustion part,
The wall of the combustion chamber is composed of a plurality of heat transfer tubes, and the connection portion is connected by bending a part of the heat transfer tubes, so that foreign matters in the fuel are conveyed to the agitated airflow, and the external heat exchanger is formed an opening set in the opening area prevents the flow from the external heat exchanger by the flow into the combustion chamber to,
Among the heat transfer tubes, the heat transfer tube constituting the lower end portion of the opening is inclined so as to go from the external heat exchanger side to the combustion chamber side as it goes downward.
The circulating fluidized bed boiler in which the inclined heat transfer tube is covered with a refractory material and the lower edge of the opening is a horizontal plane. 前記燃焼ガスは、不燃性の異物を含む燃料を加熱して発生させる請求項１から請求項７のいずれかに記載の循環流動層ボイラ。   The circulating fluidized bed boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the combustion gas is generated by heating a fuel containing incombustible foreign matter.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08503540A (en) * 1992-11-10 1996-04-16 エイ．アフルストロム コーポレイション Method and apparatus for operating a circulating fluidized bed system

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