JP4584085B2 - Degradation evaluation method for rolling bearings - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、実機における転がり軸受の余寿命を求めるための転がり軸受の劣化評価方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a rolling bearing deterioration evaluation method for determining the remaining life of a rolling bearing in an actual machine.
従来、転がり軸受のうち玉軸受の定格疲れ寿命Lhは、下記式(1)で表される。 Conventionally, the rated fatigue life L h of a ball bearing among rolling bearings is expressed by the following formula (1).
Lh=(106/60n)・(C/P)3 (1)
(n:回転数(rpm)、C:基本動定格荷重、P:軸受荷重)
そして、実験結果をもとに軸受の異常認知から寿命(焼付きまたは破損)までの余寿命計算式を下記式(2)で表したものが知られている(非特許文献1参照)。
L h = (10 6 / 60n) · (C / P) 3 (1)
(N: rotational speed (rpm), C: basic dynamic load rating, P: bearing load)
Based on the experimental results, there is known a formula for calculating the remaining life from the recognition of the bearing abnormality to the life (seizure or breakage) by the following formula (2) (see Non-Patent Document 1).
Ldh=(0.032×106/60n)・(C/P)3.37 (2)
しかし、上記式(1)は、軸受メーカーが安全サイドの見地から90%の軸受が寿命に至らない場合を想定して定められているため、上記式(1)を用いた転がり軸受の劣化評価方法は実用性に欠けるという問題がある。 However, the above formula (1) is determined assuming that 90% of bearings do not reach the end of their service life from the viewpoint of the safety side, and therefore the deterioration evaluation of the rolling bearing using the above formula (1). There is a problem that the method lacks practicality.
また、本発明者らは、試験条件に上記式(2)を当てはめ、異常認知後の軸受の余寿命を試験結果と比較したところ、下記表1に示すような対比結果が得られ、上記式(2)を用いた転がり軸受の劣化評価方法では、異常認知後の軸受の余寿命を十分に予測できるとはいえないことが判明した。 Further, the present inventors applied the above formula (2) to the test conditions and compared the remaining life of the bearing after recognizing the abnormality with the test results. As a result, a comparison result as shown in Table 1 below was obtained. It has been found that the rolling bearing deterioration evaluation method using (2) cannot sufficiently predict the remaining life of the bearing after the abnormality is recognized.
この前提発明は、下記のような知見に基づいてなされたものである。 This prerequisite invention has been made on the basis of the following knowledge.
従来から、転がり軸受の劣化評価方法として、潤滑油診断法の中心技術をなすフェログラフィ法を用いた劣化評価方法が知られている。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a deterioration evaluation method for rolling bearings, a deterioration evaluation method using a ferrography method, which is a central technology of a lubricant diagnosis method, is known.
フェログラフィ法は、潤滑油中に含まれている摩耗粒子を磁気勾配を有する強力な磁場で大きさの順に配列分離する。 In the ferrography method, wear particles contained in a lubricating oil are arranged and separated in order of magnitude by a strong magnetic field having a magnetic gradient.
そして、定量フェログラフィ法では、分離した摩耗粒子に対して光を照射し、光の透過量により例えば5μm以上の大摩耗粒子濃度PL及び例えば1〜2μm程度の小摩耗粒子濃度PSを測定し、摩耗の異常度PL−PSと全摩耗量WPC(=PL+PS)とから異常摩耗指数Isを下記式(3)により求め、このIs値から転がり軸受の劣化状態を診断している。 In the quantitative ferrography method, the separated wear particles are irradiated with light, and a large wear particle concentration PL of, for example, 5 μm or more and a small wear particle concentration PS of, for example, about 1-2 μm are measured according to the amount of transmitted light. The abnormal wear index Is is obtained by the following formula (3) from the wear abnormality degree PL-PS and the total wear amount WPC (= PL + PS), and the deterioration state of the rolling bearing is diagnosed from this Is value.
Is=(PL−PS)×(PL+PS)=PL2−PS2 (3)
このIs値に着目し、Is値と転がり軸受の余寿命との関係を検討したところ、多数の過去の診断データ及び新たな劣化加速試験による試験データから、Is値と余寿命との間に密接な関係があり、Is値が所定値まで増大すると転がり軸受の劣化が開始し、つまり転がり軸受に異常が発生し、その後、Is値がさらなる所定値まで増大すると転がり軸受が焼付きまたは破損を起こすことが判明した。さらに、転がり軸受の劣化開始時点(異常発生時点)から焼付きまたは破損が生じる時点(寿命時点)までのIs値の変化曲線は指数関数などで代表できることが判明した。
Is = (PL−PS) × (PL + PS) = PL 2 −PS 2 (3)
Focusing on this Is value, we examined the relationship between the Is value and the remaining life of the rolling bearing. From a lot of past diagnostic data and test data from a new deterioration acceleration test, the Is value is closely related to the remaining life. When the Is value increases to a predetermined value, the rolling bearing starts to deteriorate, that is, the rolling bearing becomes abnormal, and when the Is value further increases to a predetermined value, the rolling bearing seizes or breaks. It has been found. Furthermore, it was found that the change curve of the Is value from the rolling bearing deterioration start point (abnormal point of occurrence) to the point of seizure or breakage (life point) can be represented by an exponential function.
前提発明は、上記のような知見に基づいてなされたのである。 The premise invention was made based on the above knowledge.
前提発明によると、定量フェログラフィ法によるIs値から作成した転がり軸受劣化評価曲線は、転がり軸受の異常発生時点から寿命時点までのIs値の変化をほぼ正確に表しているため、実機転がり軸受に定量フェログラフィ法を適用して求めたIs値を転がり軸受劣化評価曲線上に展開することにより、実機転がり軸受の余寿命を十分に予測することができるようになる。 According to the base invention, the rolling bearing deterioration evaluation curve created from the Is value obtained by the quantitative ferrography method almost accurately represents the change in the Is value from the time when the abnormality occurred to the life of the rolling bearing. By developing the Is value obtained by applying the quantitative ferrography method on the rolling bearing deterioration evaluation curve, the remaining life of the actual rolling bearing can be sufficiently predicted.
しかし、フェログラフィ法を用いた転がり軸受の劣化評価方法は、実機の運転中に潤滑油のサンプリングが不可能なシールドタイプの転がり軸受に対して使用することができないという問題がある。 However, the rolling bearing deterioration evaluation method using the ferrography method has a problem that it cannot be used for a shield type rolling bearing that cannot sample the lubricating oil during operation of the actual machine.
本発明は、上記前提発明の問題点を解決し、シールドタイプの転がり軸受に対しても余寿命を求めることができる転がり軸受の劣化評価方法を提供することを目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the premise invention and to provide a deterioration evaluation method for a rolling bearing capable of obtaining a remaining life even for a shield type rolling bearing.
上記目的の下、本発明者らは、試験結果等から得られたIs値と振動加速度との相関をグラフで表したところ、図1に示すように、Is値と振動加速度とに十分な相関関係があることが分かった。 Under the above object, the present inventors have represented the correlation between the Is value obtained from the test results and the vibration acceleration with a graph, and as shown in FIG. 1, there is a sufficient correlation between the Is value and the vibration acceleration. I found that there was a relationship.
このようなIs値と振動加速度との相関関係に立脚し、シールドタイプの転がり軸受に対してもその振動加速度から余寿命を推定することが可能であるとの結論に達した。 Based on the correlation between the Is value and vibration acceleration, it was concluded that the remaining life can be estimated from the vibration acceleration of shield type rolling bearings.
本発明による転がり軸受の劣化評価方法は、Is値による無元量化した転がり軸受劣化曲線、及び、Is値と振動加速度との相関曲線をそれぞれ求める第1工程と、前記転がり軸受劣化曲線に対し前記相関曲線のIs値と振動加速度との関係を適用することにより、振動加速度を基準とした転がり軸受劣化曲線を求める第2工程と、実機転がり軸受の振動加速度を少なくとも2つの測定時点で測定し、各測定時点において測定された振動加速度を、前記振動加速度を基準とした転がり軸受劣化曲線上に展開することにより、各振動加速度値を示す無元量化した経過時間を求め、該求めた無元量化した経過時間と前記各測定時点とに基づいて当該実機転がり軸受の余寿命を求める第3工程とから構成されることを特徴とする。ここで、「無元量化」とは、全ての軸受劣化現象を同等に比較するために、初期状態から終末(限界)状態までの単位軸(時間軸)を便宜上「1」という無次元の単位量として表したものをいう。 The deterioration evaluation method for a rolling bearing according to the present invention includes a first step for obtaining a rolling bearing deterioration curve with an unweighted Is value and a correlation curve between the Is value and vibration acceleration, and the rolling bearing deterioration curve with respect to the rolling bearing deterioration curve. By applying the relationship between the Is value of the correlation curve and the vibration acceleration, the second step of determining the rolling bearing deterioration curve based on the vibration acceleration, and measuring the vibration acceleration of the actual rolling bearing at at least two measurement points, By developing the vibration acceleration measured at each measurement time point on the rolling bearing deterioration curve based on the vibration acceleration, the elapsed time indicating the vibrationless value indicating the vibration acceleration value is obtained, and the obtained weightlessness is obtained. And a third step of determining the remaining life of the actual rolling bearing based on the elapsed time and the measurement time points. Here, “no-quantity” means that the unit axis (time axis) from the initial state to the end (limit) state is a dimensionless unit of “1” for convenience in order to compare all bearing deterioration phenomena equally. This is expressed as a quantity.
本発明によると、振動加速度を情報とした軸受状態の正確かつ定量的な予測が可能になる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately and quantitatively predict a bearing state using vibration acceleration as information.
本実施形態による転がり軸受の劣化評価方法は、Is値による無元量化した転がり軸受劣化曲線、及び、Is値と振動加速度との相関曲線をそれぞれ求める第1工程と、転がり軸受劣化曲線に対し相関曲線のIs値と振動加速度との関係を適用することにより、振動加速度を基準とした転がり軸受劣化曲線を求める第2工程と、実機転がり軸受の振動加速度を少なくとも2つの測定時点で測定し、各測定時点において測定された振動加速度を、振動加速度を基準とした転がり軸受劣化曲線上に展開することにより、各振動加速度値を示す無元量化した経過時間を求め、該求めた無元量化した経過時間と各測定時点とに基づいて当該実機転がり軸受の余寿命を求める第3工程とから構成される。 The rolling bearing deterioration evaluation method according to the present embodiment includes a first step for obtaining a rolling bearing deterioration curve in which the Is value is reduced and a correlation curve between the Is value and vibration acceleration, and correlation with the rolling bearing deterioration curve. By applying the relationship between the Is value of the curve and the vibration acceleration, the second step of determining the rolling bearing deterioration curve based on the vibration acceleration, and measuring the vibration acceleration of the actual rolling bearing at at least two measurement points, By developing the vibration acceleration measured at the time of measurement on the rolling bearing deterioration curve based on the vibration acceleration, the elapsed time indicating the vibrationless value indicating each vibration acceleration value is obtained, and the calculated flowlessness is obtained. And a third step of obtaining the remaining life of the actual rolling bearing based on the time and each measurement time point.
第1工程において、Is値による無元量化した転がり軸受劣化曲線(直線を含む。)の一例を図2に示す。図2において、経過時間「0」は、Is値が所定値例えば101になる劣化開始時点(異常発生時点)に対応しており、また、経過時間「1」は、Is値が所定値例えば103になる管理寿命時点に対応している。また、Is値と振動加速度との相関曲線は上述したように図1に示される。 FIG. 2 shows an example of a rolling bearing deterioration curve (including a straight line) that has been converted into an elementless quantity based on the Is value in the first step. In FIG. 2, the elapsed time “0” corresponds to a deterioration start point (abnormal point in time) at which the Is value becomes a predetermined value, for example, 10 1 , and the elapsed time “1” Corresponds to the control life point of 10 3 . The correlation curve between the Is value and the vibration acceleration is shown in FIG. 1 as described above.
第2工程において、図1及び図2から振動加速度を基準とした転がり軸受劣化曲線を求めると、図3に示す通りとなる。 In the second step, when the rolling bearing deterioration curve based on the vibration acceleration is obtained from FIGS. 1 and 2, it is as shown in FIG.
第3工程において、実機転がり軸受の測定データを図4に示す。この測定データは、測定時点がτ1、τ2で、各測定時点τ1、τ2で測定された振動加速度がG1、G2である。この測定された振動加速度G1、G2は図5に示すマスターカーブ(振動加速度を基準とした転がり軸受劣化曲線)上に展開され、振動加速度値G1、G2を示す無元量化した経過時間t1,t2を求める。なお、図5に示すマスターカーブは、図3に示した転がり軸受劣化曲線をイメージ化したものであり、図3と同一曲線である。そして、下記式(4)により実機転がり軸受の余寿命τ3を求める。 FIG. 4 shows measurement data of the actual rolling bearing in the third step. In this measurement data, the measurement time points are τ 1 and τ 2 , and the vibration accelerations measured at the respective measurement time points τ 1 and τ 2 are G 1 and G 2 . The measured vibration accelerations G 1 and G 2 are developed on the master curve shown in FIG. 5 (rolling bearing deterioration curve based on the vibration acceleration), and an unquantified course indicating the vibration acceleration values G 1 and G 2 is obtained. Times t 1 and t 2 are obtained. The master curve shown in FIG. 5 is an image of the rolling bearing deterioration curve shown in FIG. 3, and is the same curve as FIG. Then, the remaining life τ 3 of the actual rolling bearing is obtained by the following formula (4).
(τ2−τ1)/(t2−t1)=(τ3−τ2)/(1−t2)
τ3=τ2+(τ2−τ1)(1−t2)/(t2−t1) (4)
以上説明したように、本実施形態によると、振動加速度を情報とした軸受状態の正確かつ定量的な予測が可能になる。
(τ 2 −τ 1 ) / (t 2 −t 1 ) = (τ 3 −τ 2 ) / (1−t 2 )
τ 3 = τ 2 + (τ 2 −τ 1 ) (1-t 2 ) / (t 2 −t 1 ) (4)
As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to accurately and quantitatively predict the bearing state using vibration acceleration as information.
Claims (1)
前記転がり軸受劣化曲線に対し前記相関曲線のIs値と振動加速度との関係を適用することにより、振動加速度を基準とした転がり軸受劣化曲線を求める第2工程と、
実機転がり軸受の振動加速度を少なくとも2つの測定時点で測定し、各測定時点において測定された振動加速度を、前記振動加速度を基準とした転がり軸受劣化曲線上に展開することにより、各振動加速度値を示す無元量化した経過時間を求め、該求めた無元量化した経過時間と前記各測定時点とに基づいて当該実機転がり軸受の余寿命を求める第3工程と
から構成されることを特徴とする転がり軸受の劣化評価方法。 A first step for obtaining a rolling bearing deterioration curve obtained by the Is value and a correlation curve between the Is value and the vibration acceleration;
Applying a relationship between the Is value of the correlation curve and the vibration acceleration to the rolling bearing deterioration curve to obtain a rolling bearing deterioration curve based on the vibration acceleration;
The vibration acceleration of the actual rolling bearing is measured at at least two measurement time points, and the vibration acceleration values measured at each measurement time point are developed on the rolling bearing deterioration curve based on the vibration acceleration. And a third step of obtaining the remaining life of the actual rolling bearing based on the obtained elapsed time and the respective measurement time points. Degradation evaluation method for rolling bearings.
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