JP4495119B2 - Degradation diagnosis method for rolling bearings - Google Patents
Degradation diagnosis method for rolling bearings Download PDFInfo
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- JP4495119B2 JP4495119B2 JP2006210812A JP2006210812A JP4495119B2 JP 4495119 B2 JP4495119 B2 JP 4495119B2 JP 2006210812 A JP2006210812 A JP 2006210812A JP 2006210812 A JP2006210812 A JP 2006210812A JP 4495119 B2 JP4495119 B2 JP 4495119B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
- F16C19/527—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to vibration and noise
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Description
本発明は、ころがり軸受の劣化診断方法に関するものであり、特に鋼帯を搬送するハースロールやブライドルロールのような大型低速回転体の軸を支持する回転ころがり軸受に適した劣化診断方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a deterioration diagnosis method for a rolling bearing, and more particularly to a deterioration diagnosis method suitable for a rotating rolling bearing that supports a shaft of a large-sized low-speed rotating body such as a hearth roll or a bridle roll that conveys a steel strip. is there.
例えば鋼帯の焼鈍ラインなどには、炉内で鋼帯を走行させるために多数の大型ロールが用いられている。これらのロールのような大型低速回転体の軸はころがり軸受で支持されているが、永年にわたり連続使用されていると軸受の内輪や外輪、あるいは軸受内部のボールやコロなどの転動体が劣化して疵付くことがある。このような劣化を放置しておくと軸受が焼損してしまい、ライン停止などの重大なトラブルを引き起こすおそれがある。 For example, many large rolls are used in an annealing line of a steel strip to run the steel strip in a furnace. The shafts of large, low-speed rotating bodies such as these rolls are supported by rolling bearings, but if they are used continuously for many years, the inner and outer rings of the bearings or the rolling elements such as balls and rollers inside the bearings deteriorate. Sometimes If such deterioration is left unattended, the bearings may burn out and cause serious troubles such as line stoppage.
そこで従来から、軸受の劣化状態を定期的に診断することにより、トラブルを未然に防止するための努力がなされてきた。その代表的な方法は、熟練した作業員が回転中の軸受の音を聴き、異常の有無によって劣化状態を判断する聴音法である。しかしこの方法は作業員による個人差が大きいため、劣化を見逃す危険性がある。 Conventionally, efforts have been made to prevent troubles by periodically diagnosing the deterioration state of the bearing. A typical method is a listening method in which a skilled worker listens to the sound of a rotating bearing and determines the deterioration state based on whether there is an abnormality. However, this method has a risk of overlooking deterioration due to large individual differences among workers.
また従来から行われてきた他の代表的な方法は、特許文献1に示すように、振動ピックアップを軸受に当てて振動を検出する振動法である。この方法では、転動体が疵を通過する時間間隔を特徴周波数として捉え、その周波数成分を評価する。すなわち、疵付いた部分を転動体が周期的に通過することによって生ずる一定周波数の振動を、振動ピックアップにより検出する方法である。しかしこの方法は、300rpm以上の高速回転領域では優れた検出率を発揮するが、それよりも低速回転領域では発生周波数が数Hzであって振動エネルギーが低いため、低速回転ころがり軸受では検出率が低下するという問題があった。
本発明は上記した従来の問題点を解決し、ころがり軸受の回転速度が低速である場合にも、疵の有無を精度よく検出することができ、劣化状態を正しく判断できるころがり軸受の劣化診断方法を提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and even when the rotational speed of the rolling bearing is low, the presence or absence of wrinkles can be accurately detected, and the deterioration diagnosis method for the rolling bearing can accurately determine the deterioration state. Is intended to provide.
上記の課題を解決するためになされた本発明のころがり軸受の劣化診断方法は、ころがり軸受を、内輪−バネ−転動体−バネ−外輪の連成振動系としてその固有振動周波数を求めておき、回転中のころがり軸受が発生する振動および/または音響を周波数解析して、100〜1000Hzの周波数領域に含まれる前記固有振動周波数成分のピーク値の大小によって劣化状態を判断することを特徴とするものである。前記連成振動系のバネは非線形バネであることが好ましい。好ましい実施形態では、ころがり軸受が低速回転ころがり軸受であり、低速回転中の振動および/または音響を検出する。回転中の音響はマイクロフォンにより検出することができ、回転中の振動は加速度計または振動計により検出することができる。 The rolling bearing deterioration diagnosis method of the present invention made in order to solve the above-mentioned problem is to determine the natural vibration frequency of the rolling bearing as an inner ring-spring-rolling element-spring-outer ring combined vibration system, A frequency analysis is performed on vibration and / or sound generated by a rolling bearing during rotation, and a deterioration state is determined based on the magnitude of a peak value of the natural vibration frequency component included in a frequency region of 100 to 1000 Hz. It is. The coupled vibration system spring is preferably a non-linear spring. In a preferred embodiment, the rolling bearing is a low speed rolling bearing and detects vibration and / or sound during low speed rotation. The sound during rotation can be detected by a microphone, and the vibration during rotation can be detected by an accelerometer or a vibrometer.
本発明のころがり軸受の劣化診断方法は、回転中のころがり軸受が発生する振動および/または音響を利用して疵の有無を検出することは従来と同様であるが、従来のように疵付いた部分を転動体が周期的に通過することによって生ずる特徴周波数の振動や音響をピックアップするのではなく、ころがり軸受自体を内輪−バネ−転動体−バネ−外輪の連成振動系と見て、その固有振動周波数成分のピーク値の大小で劣化状態を判断する。 In the method for diagnosing deterioration of a rolling bearing according to the present invention, the presence or absence of wrinkles is detected using vibration and / or sound generated by a rotating rolling bearing. Rather than picking up the vibration and sound of the characteristic frequency caused by the rolling element periodically passing through the part, the rolling bearing itself is viewed as an inner ring-spring-rolling element-spring-outer ring combined vibration system, The deterioration state is determined based on the magnitude of the peak value of the natural vibration frequency component.
ころがり軸受の内部に疵付いた部分があると、全体の振動や音響も増加するが必ずこの固有振動周波数成分も増加するため、そのピーク値の大小によって正確な診断が可能である。しかもこの固有振動周波数は回転速度に依存せず、低速回転する軸受であっても100〜1000Hzとなるから、マイクロフォン、加速度計、振動計などにより確実に検出することができる。従って、本発明によればころがり軸受の劣化状態を正確に診断することができ、軸受が焼損してライン停止に至るなどの重大なトラブルを未然に回避することができる。 If there is a pinched portion inside the rolling bearing, the overall vibration and sound increase, but the natural vibration frequency component also increases, so accurate diagnosis is possible by the magnitude of the peak value. In addition, the natural vibration frequency does not depend on the rotational speed, and is 100 to 1000 Hz even for a bearing that rotates at a low speed, so that it can be reliably detected by a microphone, an accelerometer, a vibrometer, or the like. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately diagnose the deterioration state of the rolling bearing, and it is possible to avoid a serious trouble such as the bearing being burned out and causing the line to stop.
以下に本発明の好ましい実施形態を詳細に説明する。
本発明においては先ず、診断対象となるころがり軸受の固有振動周波数を求める。このためには図1に示すように、内輪1と外輪2との間に多数の転動体3を配置したころがり軸受4を、連成振動系としてモデル化する。
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, first, the natural vibration frequency of the rolling bearing to be diagnosed is obtained. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 1, a rolling bearing 4 in which a large number of rolling elements 3 are arranged between an
ここでバネ5とバネ6は、接触している場合は荷重が変位の3分の2乗に比例し、接触していない場合は荷重が0となるような数1で表すことのできる非線形バネである。ただしk1、k2はヘルツ理論を用いて内輪1と外輪2との径、内輪1や外輪2や転動体3のヤング率、ポアソン比を用いて求める。
内輪1や外輪2や転動体3のヤング率はそれぞれ多少異なるが、通常工業分野で使用されるベアリングでは、これらの値を同一としてこの後のシミュレーションを実施しても大きな影響がなく差し支えない。これは内輪1や外輪2や転動体3のポアソン比についても同様である。
The Young's modulus of the
次に、転動体3の位置を極座標表示で(PCD/2+pi,θi)とすると、連成振動系の運動方程式は数2により表すことができる。ここでdは転動体3の径、zは転動体3の数、Mは転がり軸受4の質量、mは転動体3の質量、fiはi番目の転動体において内輪1から転動体3に加わる荷重、giはi番目の転動体において外輪2から転動体3に加わる荷重、xは内輪1の水平方向変位、yは内輪1の垂直方向変位、gは重力加速度、tは時間である。
上記の運動方程式を数値シミュレーションにより解き周波数解析を実施すると、上記の連成振動系は図2のような周波数特性を示し、診断対象となるころがり軸受4の固有振動周波数を求めることができる。この固有振動周波数成分はころがり軸受4に疵のない場合にも軸の回転に伴って必ず発生し、ころがり軸受4の内部に疵があるとその疵に転動体3が接触するためにより強く発生する。しかも大小さまざまのころがり軸受4について計算した結果、ほとんど100〜1000Hzの周波数領域に含まれることが確認できた。
When the above equation of motion is solved by numerical simulation and frequency analysis is performed, the above-described coupled vibration system exhibits frequency characteristics as shown in FIG. 2, and the natural vibration frequency of the rolling
そこで図3に示すように、診断対象となるころがり軸受4が回転中に発生する音響をマイクロフォン7により検出し、周波数解析装置8によって周波数解析を行う。そして予め求めた固有振動周波数成分のピーク値の大小により、劣化状態を判断する。この本発明の方法によれば、実施例のデータに示すとおり、ころがり軸受4の疵の有無を非常に精度よく検出することができる。
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the sound generated while the rolling bearing 4 to be diagnosed rotates is detected by the microphone 7, and the frequency analysis is performed by the
上記のようにころがり軸受4が回転中に発生する音響をマイクロフォン7により検出するほか、図4に示すようにころがり軸受4が回転中に発生する振動を加速度計または振動計9により検出し、周波数解析装置8によって周波数解析を行う方法を取ることもできる。この実施形態では振動計9として地震計のような高感度振動計(高感度加速度計)を使用している。ころがり軸受4が回転中に発生する振動のピーク周波数は軸受全体による連成振動計の固有振動数と一致するから、このピーク値の大小により、劣化状態を判断することができる。
As described above, the sound generated while the rolling
下記の表1に示される3種類のころがり軸受について、連成振動系の固有振動周波数とを前記式によって計算で求めるとともに、回転中のころがり軸受の実際の音響をマイクロフォンで検出し、周波数解析を行った。その結果を図5、図6、図7に示した。これらの図に示されるように、実際の音響中に連成振動系の固有振動周波数成分が含まれており、明確なピークを示すことが確認できた。 For the three types of rolling bearings shown in Table 1 below, the natural vibration frequency of the coupled vibration system is calculated by the above formula, and the actual sound of the rotating rolling bearing is detected with a microphone to analyze the frequency. went. The results are shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. As shown in these figures, it was confirmed that the natural vibration frequency component of the coupled vibration system was included in the actual sound, and a clear peak was shown.
実際の装置に対して、本発明の方法と、従来の聴音法と、従来の振動法とによる劣化診断を行ったところ、表2の通りの結果が得られた。 When an actual device was subjected to deterioration diagnosis by the method of the present invention, the conventional listening method, and the conventional vibration method, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.
このデータからも明らかなように、本発明の方法によれば、ころがり軸受の回転速度が低速である場合にも、またころがり軸受の大小にかかわらず、疵の有無を精度よく検出することができ、ころがり軸受の劣化状態を正しく判断することができる。 As is clear from this data, according to the method of the present invention, the presence or absence of wrinkles can be accurately detected even when the rotational speed of the rolling bearing is low and regardless of the size of the rolling bearing. Therefore, it is possible to correctly determine the deterioration state of the rolling bearing.
1 内輪
2 外輪
3 転動体
4 ころがり軸受
5 バネ
6 バネ
7 マイクロフォン
8 周波数解析装置
9 振動計
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