JP4431754B2 - Vitrification preservation tool of embryo and vitrification preservation method of embryo using the same - Google Patents

Vitrification preservation tool of embryo and vitrification preservation method of embryo using the same Download PDF

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JP4431754B2
JP4431754B2 JP2006087260A JP2006087260A JP4431754B2 JP 4431754 B2 JP4431754 B2 JP 4431754B2 JP 2006087260 A JP2006087260 A JP 2006087260A JP 2006087260 A JP2006087260 A JP 2006087260A JP 4431754 B2 JP4431754 B2 JP 4431754B2
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浩司 三角
祐理 古賀
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National Livestock Breeding Center Inc Administrative Agency
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本発明は、胚の移植技術に関し、詳しくは胚の超低温保存に関する。   The present invention relates to embryo transfer technology, and more particularly, to cryopreservation of embryos.

豚胚移植は疾病伝搬リスクを最小限に抑えた種豚導入方法として期待されている。それは、完全な透明帯に覆われている時期の胚(胚盤胞以前の胚)をトリプシン処理することで、オーエスキー病の母豚から胚への伝搬を防ぐことが報告されたことに由来する。   Pig embryo transfer is expected as a method for introducing piglets with minimal risk of disease transmission. It was reported that trypsinization of embryos (pre-blastocyst embryos) covered by a complete zona pellucida prevented the transmission of Auerssky disease from mother pigs to embryos To do.

豚胚の超低温保存技術は未だ再現性のある手法が確立されておらず、超低温保存が可能な胚は拡張胚盤胞の透明帯から脱出直後の胚盤胞に限られていた。1995年に、初期胚を遠心処理することで細胞内の脂肪顆粒を1点に集積し、それをマイクロマニュピレーターで取り除いた後に凍結することで、超低温保存胚から子豚を生産することに成功している(非特許文献1参照)。しかしながら、この場合は専用の機材が必要になる他に、透明帯に欠損が生じることとなる。   The technique of ultra low temperature preservation of pig embryos has not been established yet, and the embryos that can be preserved at ultra low temperature were limited to blastocysts immediately after escape from the zona pellucida of the expanded blastocyst. In 1995, we successfully produced piglets from ultra-cryopreserved embryos by centrifuging early embryos to accumulate intracellular fat granules at one point, removing them with a micromanipulator, and then freezing them. (See Non-Patent Document 1). However, in this case, in addition to the need for dedicated equipment, defects in the zona pellucida will occur.

完全な透明体に包まれた桑実胚及び胚盤胞のガラス化保存の従来の成功例は、いずれも、胚を含むガラス化液と液体窒素とが直接接触するオープンプルドストロー法及びマイクロドロップレット法等によるものである(非特許文献2、3及び特許文献1参照)。しかし、これらの方法では、液体窒素から胚への汚染が問題となっている。
そこで、豚胚を衛生的に超低温保存するため、胚を含むガラス化液を液体窒素に直接接触させずに豚桑実胚及び胚盤胞をガラス化保存する方法が望まれていた。
Conventional successful examples of vitrification and preservation of morula and blastocyst encased in a completely transparent body are the open pull straw method and micro method in which the vitrification solution containing the embryo is in direct contact with liquid nitrogen. This is due to the droplet method or the like (see Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 and Patent Document 1). However, in these methods, contamination from liquid nitrogen to the embryo is a problem.
Therefore, a method for vitrifying and storing pork morula and blastocyst without directly bringing the vitrification solution containing the embryo into contact with liquid nitrogen has been desired in order to hygienically preserve porcine embryos at ultra-low temperature.

Nakashima H. et al., Nature 1995; 373, 416Nakashima H. et al., Nature 1995; 373, 416 Vajta G. et al., Mol. Reprod. Dev., 1998, 51: 53-8Vajta G. et al., Mol. Reprod. Dev., 1998, 51: 53-8 Kouji Misumi. Et al., Therio, 2003, 60, 253-260Kouji Misumi. Et al., Therio, 2003, 60, 253-260 特開2002−212001号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-212001

従って、本発明は、
1.疾病制御にも応用できる、完全な透明体に包まれた豚桑実胚及び胚盤胞の超低温保存
2.汚染の可能性がある液体窒素と、胚を含むガラス化液とが、直接接触することのない
方法での豚胚の超低温保存
3.簡易な方法による豚胚のガラス化保存
上記の条件を満たした豚胚の超低温保存技術の開発を目的とする。
Therefore, the present invention
1. 1. Cryogenic preservation of pork mulberry embryos and blastocysts encased in a completely transparent body that can be applied to disease control 2. Cryopreservation of pig embryos in such a way that liquid nitrogen, which can be contaminated, and vitrification fluid containing embryos are not in direct contact. Vitreous preservation of pig embryos by a simple method The aim is to develop a technique for cryogenic preservation of pig embryos that satisfies the above conditions.

本発明者らは、前記目的を達成するために、新たなガラス化保存具及びガラス化保存方法の開発が必要であると考えた。
そこで、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、本発明者らは、胚を含むガラス化溶液を付着・保持させて筒状の収容具に収容することにより、胚を液体窒素に直接接触させずにガラス化保存できるガラス化保存具を開発した。
そして、このガラス化保存具を用いたガラス化方法によって豚胚をガラス化保存し、その後融解させた豚胚を受胚豚に移植することにより、子豚を生産することに成功した。
これらの知見に基き、本発明者らは本発明を完成するに至った。
The present inventors considered that the development of a new vitrification storage device and a vitrification storage method is necessary to achieve the above object.
Thus, as a result of extensive studies, the present inventors attached vitrification solution containing embryos and held them in a cylindrical container so that the embryos were vitrified without directly contacting liquid nitrogen. A vitrification storage device that can be stored has been developed.
And the pig embryo was vitrified and preserved by the vitrification method using this vitrification preservation tool, and it succeeded in producing a piglet by transplanting the thawed pig embryo to a recipient pig after that.
Based on these findings, the present inventors have completed the present invention.

すなわち、請求項1に係る本発明は、胚の付着保持具と、前記付着保持具を収容する筒状の収容具と、からなる胚のガラス化保存用具であって、前記胚の付着保持具として、先端近傍の上面をカットすることにより形成した開口を有する金属製筒状部材を用いることを特徴とする胚のガラス化保存用具である。
請求項2に係る本発明は、先端近傍の上面をカットすることにより形成した開口を有する金属製筒状部材よりなる、胚の付着保持具を用い、胚の入ったガラス化溶液を当該付着保持具の開口に付着・保持させると共に、前記付着保持具を収容する筒状の収容具をその先端が液体窒素外へ突出するように液体窒素内に投入し、次いで当該筒状の収容具内に、前記付着保持具を収容することを特徴とする胚のガラス化保存方法である。
That is, the present invention according to claim 1 is an embryo vitrification preservation tool comprising an embryo attachment holder and a cylindrical container for containing the attachment holder, the embryo attachment holder As an embryo vitrification preservation tool, a metal cylindrical member having an opening formed by cutting the upper surface in the vicinity of the tip is used.
The present invention according to claim 2 uses an embryo attachment holder made of a metal cylindrical member having an opening formed by cutting the upper surface in the vicinity of the tip, and the vitrification solution containing the embryo is attached and held. Attach and hold to the opening of the tool, and put the cylindrical container for storing the attached holder into the liquid nitrogen so that the tip projects out of the liquid nitrogen, and then into the cylindrical container The vitrification preservation method of the embryo characterized by accommodating the adhesion holder.

本発明によって、今まで超低温保存が困難とされていた桑実胚及び胚盤胞を、直接液体窒素に浸積することなく超低温保存する事が可能となった。
そのことから、豚においても疾病伝搬リスクが最小な超低温保存胚による種豚の流通が可能になる他に、特定疾病(オーエスキー病等)に感染した豚群を胚移植によって清浄化する際に、新たに超低温保存胚の利用が可能になることが期待できる。
また、本発明のガラス化保存方法によって胚を超低温保存することで、従来のガラス化保存法よりも作業が簡便になる。
According to the present invention, morulas and blastocysts that have been difficult to store at ultra-low temperatures can be stored at ultra-low temperatures without being directly immersed in liquid nitrogen.
Therefore, in addition to allowing pigs to be circulated by using cryopreserved embryos with minimal risk of disease transmission in pigs, when purifying a group of pigs infected with a specific disease (such as Auersky disease) by embryo transfer It can be expected that a new cryopreserved embryo can be used.
In addition, by storing the embryo at a very low temperature by the vitrification preservation method of the present invention, the operation becomes easier than the conventional vitrification preservation method.

以下、本発明を図面により詳細に説明する。
請求項1に係る本発明は、胚の付着保持具1と、前記付着保持具1を収容する筒状の収容具2と、からなる胚のガラス化保存用具であって、前記胚の付着保持具1として、先端近傍の上面をカットすることにより形成した開口11を有する金属製筒状部材を用いることを特徴とする胚のガラス化保存用具である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The present invention according to claim 1 is an embryo vitrification / preservation tool comprising an embryo attachment holder 1 and a cylindrical container 2 for containing the attachment holder 1, wherein the embryo is attached and retained. The tool 1 is a vitrification preservation tool for embryos, characterized in that a metal cylindrical member having an opening 11 formed by cutting the upper surface near the tip is used.

本発明においてガラス化保存の対象とする胚としては、ブタ、ウシ、ヒツジなどの家畜類、ヒト等の桑実胚〜胚盤胞の胚が挙げられるが、特にブタの桑実胚及び胚盤胞が好ましい。   Examples of embryos to be vitrified and preserved in the present invention include livestock such as pigs, cows, and sheep, and morulas to blastocysts such as humans. Blasts are preferred.

ガラス化保存とは、高濃度の凍結防止剤が添加されたガラス化溶液と共に胚を速やかに冷却することによって、胚に対して有害な低温域を速やかに通過すると共に細胞内氷晶を形成しないため、胚に損傷を与えずに胚を凍結(ガラス化)保存できる技術である。
本発明のガラス化保存用具は、このガラス化保存技術のために用いる器具であり、胚の付着保持具1と、前記付着保持具1を収容する筒状の収容具2と、から構成されるものである。
Vitrification preservation means that an embryo is rapidly cooled with a vitrification solution to which a high-concentration cryoprotectant is added, so that it quickly passes through a low-temperature region harmful to the embryo and does not form an intracellular ice crystal. Therefore, it is a technique that allows embryos to be frozen (vitrified) without damaging them.
The vitrification preservation tool of the present invention is an instrument used for this vitrification preservation technique, and is composed of an embryo attachment holder 1 and a cylindrical container 2 that accommodates the attachment holder 1. Is.

本発明における胚の付着保持具1は、胚を含むガラス化溶液をこの上に付着・保持させたまま速やかに冷却し、凍結させる。その後、ガラス化した胚を前記付着保持具1ごと融解液に入れることにより、胚を融解させる。   The embryo attachment holder 1 according to the present invention quickly cools and freezes the vitrification solution containing the embryo while adhering and holding the embryo. Thereafter, the vitrified embryo is put together with the attachment holder 1 in a melting solution to melt the embryo.

前記付着保持具1は、金属製筒状部材の一方の先端近傍の上面を、先端から4〜5cm、好ましくは4.5cmカットして、長楕円形の開口11を形成することにより作製することができる。このとき、金属製筒状部材のカットした部分の断面は、U字型になるように加工する(図1参照)。
本発明では、このようにしてなるU字型の溝(開口)11の上に、胚を含むガラス化溶液を付着・保持させることにより、ガラス化溶液を薄く延ばすことができ、胚を速やかに冷却することが可能となるだけでなく、ガラス化溶液が前記筒状収容具2の内壁に付着するのを防ぐことができる。
なお、本発明において「カット」する手段は、金属製筒状部材の素材に応じて、切断面が胚の扱いに適した滑らかさを有するように加工できる手段を適宜選択すればよい。具体的には、マイクロリューター等による研磨などの手段を用いることができる。
The attachment holder 1 is manufactured by cutting the upper surface near one tip of a metal cylindrical member by 4 to 5 cm, preferably 4.5 cm from the tip to form an oblong opening 11. Can do. At this time, the cross section of the cut portion of the metallic cylindrical member is processed to be U-shaped (see FIG. 1).
In the present invention, the vitrification solution containing the embryo can be attached and held on the U-shaped groove (opening) 11 thus formed, so that the vitrification solution can be spread thinly, and the embryo can be rapidly removed. In addition to being able to cool, it is possible to prevent the vitrification solution from adhering to the inner wall of the cylindrical container 2.
In the present invention, the means for “cutting” may be appropriately selected according to the material of the metal cylindrical member so that the cut surface can be processed to have a smoothness suitable for handling the embryo. Specifically, means such as polishing with a micro-luter can be used.

前記付着保持具1の素材としては、胚を急激に冷却し、胚に有害な低温域を速やかに通過させるため、鉄、銅など熱伝導性が高い金属を用いることが好ましく、特に液体を付着させることから錆びにくいステンレススチールが好適である。また、金属を用いることによって、前記付着保持具1を前記収容具2内に収容する際の振動によって胚が飛散することを防ぐための剛性も持ち合わせている。
また、前記金属製筒状部材の形状は長さが6〜8cm、好ましくは7cm、内径が900〜1200μm、好ましくは1000μm、厚さが80〜120μm、好ましくは100μmの筒状であり、少なくとも上記でカットした方の先端が閉じているものが好ましい。
本発明において最も好適に用いられる金属性筒状部材は注射針である。注射針を用いる場合は、尖った方の先端の近傍を上記のようにカットする。また、当該先端部をヤスリで丸く削っておくことが好ましい。
As the material for the attachment holder 1, it is preferable to use a metal having high thermal conductivity, such as iron or copper, in order to rapidly cool the embryo and quickly pass through a low-temperature region harmful to the embryo. Therefore, stainless steel that does not easily rust is suitable. Further, by using a metal, it also has rigidity for preventing the embryo from scattering due to vibrations when the attachment holder 1 is accommodated in the container 2.
The metal cylindrical member has a length of 6 to 8 cm, preferably 7 cm, an inner diameter of 900 to 1200 μm, preferably 1000 μm, and a thickness of 80 to 120 μm, preferably 100 μm. It is preferable that the tip of the one cut with is closed.
The metallic cylindrical member most preferably used in the present invention is an injection needle. When using an injection needle, the vicinity of the sharp tip is cut as described above. Moreover, it is preferable to cut off the said front-end | tip part roundly with a file.

前記付着保持具1は、後述する筒状の収容具2内に固定された状態で収容することができるように、前記収容具用の栓12に接続して固定する。このとき、前記付着保持具1が前記収容具2の内壁に接触しないようにする。
前記付着保持具1の固定方法は特に限定されないが、前記収容具用の栓12に細い穴を開け、前記付着保持具1の前記開口11と反対側の穴と、前記栓12に開けた穴とに銅線などの金属線を刺し込んで固定する方法などが挙げられる。
この場合、金属線は、前記付着保持具1のU字型の溝の終点から少し出るまで刺し込み、金属線と溝の終点および金属性筒状部材と金属線との間を接着剤などで接着し、溝より上側(前記栓12側)の穴を塞ぐようにすると良い(図2参照)。そうすることにより、ガラス化保存後の胚を融解する際に、U字型の溝より上側に毛細管現象で胚が吸い込まれるのを防ぐことができる。
なお、前記収容具用の栓12の素材としては、操作時の低温火傷の危険性を避けるため、吸水性がなく、熱伝導性が低いプラスチック素材が好ましい。具体例としては「マーカーロッド」(商品名、IVM社、フランス)が挙げられる。
The attachment holder 1 is connected and fixed to the stopper 12 for the container so that it can be accommodated in a cylindrical container 2 described later. At this time, the attachment holder 1 is prevented from contacting the inner wall of the container 2.
The fixing method of the attachment holder 1 is not particularly limited, but a thin hole is formed in the stopper 12 for the container, a hole on the opposite side of the opening 11 of the attachment holder 1, and a hole formed in the stopper 12 And a method of inserting and fixing a metal wire such as a copper wire.
In this case, the metal wire is inserted until it slightly comes out from the end point of the U-shaped groove of the attachment holder 1, and an adhesive or the like is used between the metal wire and the end point of the groove and between the metallic cylindrical member and the metal wire. It is advisable to bond and close the hole above the groove (on the side of the stopper 12) (see FIG. 2). By doing so, when melting the vitrified embryo, it is possible to prevent the embryo from being sucked by capillary action above the U-shaped groove.
The material of the stopper 12 for the container is preferably a plastic material having no water absorption and low thermal conductivity in order to avoid the risk of low-temperature burns during operation. A specific example is “marker rod” (trade name, IVM, France).

次に、本発明における筒状の収容具2は、その先端が液体窒素外へ突出するように液体窒素中に立ててある状態で、胚を含むガラス化溶液を付着・保持した前記付着保持具1を収容することにより、胚が液体窒素に接触することなくガラス化保存することができる。
それゆえ、胚が液体窒素により汚染されることを防ぐことができ、胚の衛生面での改善に繋がる。
Next, the cylindrical container 2 according to the present invention has the attachment holder to which the vitrification solution containing the embryo is attached and held in a state where the tip of the cylindrical container 2 stands in the liquid nitrogen so that the tip protrudes outside the liquid nitrogen By accommodating 1, the embryo can be vitrified and preserved without contacting liquid nitrogen.
Therefore, it is possible to prevent the embryo from being contaminated with liquid nitrogen, which leads to improvement of the hygiene of the embryo.

前記収容具2の素材としては、液体窒素に沈めても破損しない強度を持ち、色は透明なものが好ましく、特にプラスチックが好適である。
また、その形状は長さが13〜14cm、好ましくは13.5cm、内径が1.2〜1.8mm、好ましくは1.4mm、厚さが0.8〜1.2μm、好ましくは0.8μmの筒状である。
本発明において前記収容具2として最も好適に用いられるものは、ウシ胚の保存用として広く用いられているプラスチック製0.25ml容ストロー(IMV社, フランス)である。
The material of the container 2 is preferably a material having a strength that does not break even when submerged in liquid nitrogen, and a transparent color, and plastic is particularly preferable.
The shape is a cylinder having a length of 13 to 14 cm, preferably 13.5 cm, an inner diameter of 1.2 to 1.8 mm, preferably 1.4 mm, and a thickness of 0.8 to 1.2 μm, preferably 0.8 μm.
In the present invention, the container 2 most preferably used is a plastic 0.25 ml straw (IMV, France) widely used for preservation of bovine embryos.

前記収容具2は、液体窒素が内部に浸入するのを防ぐために両端を栓でふさいでおく。
この栓は、液体窒素の超低温に耐えられるものであればどんな素材のものでも良いが、特に前記収容具2を液体窒素中に立てたときに液体窒素外に突出する側の栓には、操作時の低温火傷の危険性を避けるため、吸水性が無く、熱伝導性が低いプラスチック素材が好ましい。具体例としては「マーカーロッド」(商品名、IVM社、フランス)が挙げられる。
なお、前記収容具2として上記のプラスチック製0.25ml容ストローを用いる場合は、ストローの一端に綿栓が装着してある状態で市販されているので、この綿栓を培養液などで湿らせてストロー内に固定しておき、その上からさらに栓をするのが好ましい(図3参照)。
The container 2 is plugged at both ends with stoppers to prevent liquid nitrogen from entering the inside.
This stopper may be made of any material as long as it can withstand the ultra-low temperature of liquid nitrogen. In particular, the stopper on the side that protrudes out of liquid nitrogen when the container 2 is placed in liquid nitrogen is operated. In order to avoid the risk of low temperature burns at the time, a plastic material having no water absorption and low thermal conductivity is preferred. A specific example is “marker rod” (trade name, IVM, France).
When the plastic 0.25 ml straw is used as the container 2, it is commercially available with a cotton plug attached to one end of the straw, so the cotton plug is moistened with a culture solution or the like. It is preferable to fix it in a straw and plug further from above (see FIG. 3).

請求項2に係る本発明は、先端近傍の上面をカットすることにより形成した開口11を有する金属製筒状部材よりなる、胚の付着保持具1を用い、胚の入ったガラス化溶液を当該付着保持具1の開口11に付着・保持させると共に、前記付着保持具1を収容する筒状の収容具2をその先端が液体窒素外へ突出するように液体窒素内に投入し、次いで当該筒状の収容具2内に、前記付着保持具1を収容することを特徴とする胚のガラス化保存方法である。
このように、本発明の胚のガラス化保存方法は、上記した請求項1記載のガラス化保存用具を用いるものである。
The present invention according to claim 2 uses an embryo attachment holder 1 made of a metal cylindrical member having an opening 11 formed by cutting the upper surface in the vicinity of the tip, and the vitrification solution containing the embryo is Attach and hold the adhesive holder 1 in the opening 11, and put the cylindrical container 2 for containing the adhesive holder 1 into the liquid nitrogen so that the tip projects out of the liquid nitrogen, and then the cylinder It is the vitrification preservation method of the embryo characterized by accommodating the adhesion holder 1 in the shape container 2.
Thus, the vitrification preservation method of the embryo of the present invention uses the vitrification preservation tool according to claim 1 described above.

以下に、本発明のガラス化保存用具の使用方法並びにガラス化保存方法について、詳しく説明する。
(1)ガラス化溶液の準備
1.8Mエチレングリコール(EG)を含む下記の組成のPZM液(1液)の100μlドロップを1つ、1.8M EG、0.3Mショ糖、1%(w/v)BSAを含むPZM液(2液)の100μlドロップを1つ、5M EG、0.6Mショ糖、2%(w/v)BSAを含むPZM(3液)の100μlドロップを2つ、シャーレ上に作成する。ドロップの載ったシャーレは38℃に保温する。
Below, the usage method of the vitrification preservation tool of the present invention and the vitrification preservation method are explained in detail.
(1) Preparation of vitrification solution
One 100μl drop of PZM solution (1 solution) containing 1.8M ethylene glycol (EG), 1.8M EG, 0.3M sucrose, 1% (w / v) BSA PZM solution (2 solutions) ), 2 100 μl drops of PZM (3 liquids) containing 5 M EG, 0.6 M sucrose, and 2% (w / v) BSA are prepared on a petri dish. Keep the petri dish with the drop at 38 ° C.

PZM液組成 (100ml作成時)
NaCl 0.6312 g
KCl 0.0746 g
KH2PO4 0.0048 g
MgSO4・7H2O 0.0098 g
NaHCO3 0.2106 g
Na-pyruvate 0.0022 g
Ca-(lactate)2 5H2O 0.0617 g
グルタミン 0.0292 g
ヒポタウリン 0.0546 g
BME Amino Acids Solution 2%v/v
MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution 1%v/v
BSA(F-V) 0.3 g
硫酸ゲンタマイシン 0.005 g
上記をDWで100mlにメスアップ
※BME:Basal Medium Eagle、MEM:Minimum Essential Medium
PZM solution composition (when making 100ml)
NaCl 0.6312 g
KCl 0.0746 g
KH 2 PO 4 0.0048 g
MgSO 4・ 7H 2 O 0.0098 g
NaHCO 3 0.2106 g
Na-pyruvate 0.0022 g
Ca- (lactate) 2 5H 2 O 0.0617 g
Glutamine 0.0292 g
Hipotaurine 0.0546 g
BME Amino Acids Solution 2% v / v
MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution 1% v / v
BSA (FV) 0.3 g
Gentamicin sulfate 0.005 g
Up to 100ml with DW * BME: Basal Medium Eagle, MEM: Minimum Essential Medium

(2)胚の採取およびガラス化溶液との平衡
まず、通常の胚移植技術により胚を採取し、胚の正常性を検査した。
次に、正常な1〜20個、好ましくは15個の胚を、ピペット等で1液のドロップに移して5分間平衡した後、2液のドロップに移して5分間平衡する。ここで、ピペット等としては、パスツールピペットが好ましいが、先端部が細く微小滴を形成し易いものであればよい。
2液での平衡中に、上記した本発明の筒状収容具2を、両側に栓を取りつけた状態で、液体窒素の中に架台を用いて立てておくことにより、前記収容具2をあらかじめ冷却しておく。その際、前記収容具2の一方の先端が液体窒素から出ている状態にし、収容具2内に液体窒素が浸入しないように注意する。
前記収容具2としてウシ胚の保存用として広く用いられているプラスチック製0.25ml容ストロー(IMV社, フランス)を用いる場合、栓をする際には、まず、ストローの一端にあらかじめ装着されている綿栓を極少量の培養液などで湿らせることにより、綿栓をストロー内に固定させてから、その上にさらに栓を差し込むと良い。次いで、もう一方の端に栓を軽く差し込む(図3参照)。なお、ストローを液体窒素中に立てる際は、綿栓側が下になるようにする。
2液の平衡が終了した後、胚を3液のドロップに移し、直ちにもう一つの3液のドロップに移す。続いて、3液と共に胚をピペット等で吸い、上記した本発明の胚の付着保持具1の先端のU字型の溝(開口)11の上に、胚の入ったガラス化溶液を薄く延ばして置く。
(2) Embryo collection and equilibration with vitrification solution First, embryos were collected by a normal embryo transfer technique, and the normality of the embryos was examined.
Next, normal 1 to 20 embryos, preferably 15 embryos, are transferred to a 1-drop with a pipette or the like and equilibrated for 5 minutes, then transferred to a 2-drop and equilibrated for 5 minutes. Here, as the pipette or the like, a Pasteur pipette is preferable, but any pipette may be used as long as the tip is thin and a microdroplet can be easily formed.
During the equilibration of the two liquids, the container 2 of the present invention described above is set in advance in liquid nitrogen with a stopper attached to both sides by using a stand, so that the container 2 Allow to cool. At that time, care should be taken so that one tip of the container 2 comes out of liquid nitrogen and liquid nitrogen does not enter the container 2.
When using a plastic 0.25 ml straw (IMV, France) widely used for preserving bovine embryos as the container 2, when the stopper is used, it is first attached to one end of the straw. It is advisable to fix the cotton plug in the straw by moistening the existing cotton plug with a very small amount of culture medium, and then insert a plug on the cotton plug. Next, the plug is lightly inserted into the other end (see FIG. 3). When placing the straw in liquid nitrogen, the cotton plug side should be down.
After the two-liquid equilibration is complete, the embryo is transferred to a three-liquid drop and immediately transferred to another three-liquid drop. Subsequently, the embryo together with the three solutions is sucked with a pipette or the like, and the vitrification solution containing the embryo is thinly spread on the U-shaped groove (opening) 11 at the tip of the above-described embryo attachment holder 1 of the present invention. Put it.

(3)ガラス化保存
あらかじめ液体窒素中に投入しておいた前記筒状収容具2の上部の栓を外した後、直ちに上記で胚を置いた前記付着保持具1をその中に入れ、前記収容具2の全体を液体窒素中に沈める(図4参照)。これにより、胚を含むガラス化溶液は、前記付着保持具1に保持された状態で凍結する。
なお、上記(2)において胚を3液に移してから、前記収容具2を液体窒素中に浸漬するまでの作業は、1分以内に行う。
その後、凍結した胚を使用するときまでは、前記収容具2ごと超低温下で保存することができる。その際、上記(2)において綿栓の上からさらに栓をした場合は、外側の栓は外しても構わない。
(3) Vitrification preservation After removing the stopper of the upper part of the cylindrical container 2 previously put in liquid nitrogen, immediately put the attachment holder 1 on which the embryo was placed in the above, The entire container 2 is submerged in liquid nitrogen (see FIG. 4). Thereby, the vitrification solution containing an embryo freezes in the state hold | maintained at the said attachment holder 1. FIG.
In addition, the operation from the transfer of the embryo to the third solution in (2) above until the container 2 is immersed in liquid nitrogen is performed within 1 minute.
Thereafter, the container 2 can be stored under ultra-low temperature until the frozen embryo is used. At that time, in the case of (2), when the plug is further plugged from above, the outer plug may be removed.

上記のガラス化保存方法によって超低温下に保存されている胚は、以下に例示した方法で融解し、所定のプロセスを経た後、胚の移植に供することができる。
以下に、ガラス化保存胚の融解方法の1例を示す。
Embryos preserved at ultra-low temperatures by the above vitrification preservation method can be thawed by the method exemplified below, and subjected to embryo transfer after undergoing a predetermined process.
An example of a method for melting vitrified preserved embryos is shown below.

(4)希釈溶液(融解液)の準備
1.8Mエチレングリコール、0.6Mショ糖を含むPZM液を調製し、希釈溶液(融解液)とする。この融解液を試験管に3ml取り、39℃に保温する。
(4) Preparation of diluted solution (melt)
A PZM solution containing 1.8M ethylene glycol and 0.6M sucrose is prepared as a diluted solution (melted solution). 3 ml of this melt is taken in a test tube and kept at 39 ° C.

(5)ガラス化保存胚の融解及びガラス化溶液の希釈方法
液体窒素を入れた容器に、凍結胚を入れた前記筒状収容具2を移す。次いで、前記収容具2を液体窒素に入れたままの状態で、胚を保持した前記付着保持具1を液体窒素外に出し、前記付着保持具1を前記収容具2から素早く抜き取る。さらに、胚の置いてあるU字型の溝(開口)11を、直ちに3mlの融解液が入った試験管に入れて胚を融解する。
胚が融解した後、試験管からシャーレに胚と融解液とを移し、5分間稀釈する。さらに、PZM液で数回洗浄し、ガラス化溶液を完全に除去する。
このようにして融解した胚は生存率が高く、胚の移植に利用される。
(5) Melting method of vitrified preserved embryo and diluting method of vitrification solution The cylindrical container 2 containing the frozen embryo is transferred to a container containing liquid nitrogen. Next, in a state where the container 2 is kept in liquid nitrogen, the attachment holder 1 holding the embryo is taken out of the liquid nitrogen, and the attachment holder 1 is quickly extracted from the container 2. Further, the U-shaped groove (opening) 11 where the embryo is placed is immediately put into a test tube containing 3 ml of the melting solution to thaw the embryo.
After the embryo has thawed, transfer the embryo and the lysate from the test tube to a petri dish and dilute for 5 minutes. Further, it is washed several times with the PZM solution to completely remove the vitrification solution.
Embryos thus thawed have a high survival rate and are used for embryo transfer.

以下に、実施例により本発明を図面に即して詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

実施例1
(1)本発明のガラス化保存用具の作製
本発明の胚の付着保持具1(図1)の材料には、0.25mlストロー用栓12(商品名:マーカーロッド、プラスチック製、IVM社 フランス)、19G×70mmの注射針及び銅線(太さ0.55 mm)を用いた。
はじめに、ストロー用栓12のストローの内側にくる先端部分の中央に精密ドリル(直径0.8mm)で、栓12の長手方向と平行に深さ1cmの穴を開けた。
次に、注射針の先端部分をヤスリで丸くした。注射針の上部を、ダイヤモンドカッターを装着したマイクロリュ−ターで先端から4.5cm 削り、削った部分の断面がU字型になるように加工した。
さらに、注射針をシリンジ装着するためのプラスチック部分を取り外し、プラスチックが付いていた方の針の穴に、4cmに切った銅線を3cm刺した状態で、U字型の溝の終点を接着剤で接着した(図2参照)。
最後に、上記でストロー用栓12に開けた穴に、注射針に刺した銅線の外に出ている部分を差し込み、ストロー用の栓12と加工した注射針とを接続することにより、本発明の胚の付着保持具1(図1)を得た。
Example 1
(1) Preparation of the vitrification storage device of the present invention The material of the embryo attachment holder 1 (FIG. 1) of the present invention includes a 0.25 ml straw plug 12 (trade name: marker rod, plastic, IVM France) ), 19G × 70 mm injection needle and copper wire (thickness 0.55 mm).
First, a hole having a depth of 1 cm was drilled in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the stopper 12 by a precision drill (diameter 0.8 mm) at the center of the tip portion inside the straw stopper 12.
Next, the tip of the injection needle was rounded with a file. The upper part of the injection needle was cut 4.5 cm from the tip with a micro router equipped with a diamond cutter, and processed so that the cross-section of the cut part was U-shaped.
Furthermore, remove the plastic part for attaching the syringe needle to the syringe, and put the end point of the U-shaped groove into the adhesive hole with 3cm of copper wire cut into 4cm into the hole of the needle with plastic attached. (See FIG. 2).
Finally, insert the portion of the copper wire pierced into the injection needle into the hole opened in the straw stopper 12 and connect the straw stopper 12 and the processed injection needle. An embryo attachment holder 1 (FIG. 1) of the invention was obtained.

(2)胚の採取
未性成熟豚を供胚豚に用いる場合は、妊馬血清性性腺刺激ホルモン(PMSG)を1500IU投与し、その72時間後にhCGを500IU投与した。hCG投与の翌日及び翌々日に人工授精(AI)を実施した。hCG投与日の翌日を0日して、5日目に外科的に、もしくはと殺によって、両子宮角内をPBS(−)液(Takara shuzo co. 製、PBSタブレット)でかん流し、かん流液から胚を回収した。
性成熟豚を供胚豚に用いる場合は、上記と同様に処置し、AI後20〜35日目にプロスタグランジンF2α(PGF2α)を適量投与し、その24時間後に再びPGF2αを投与した。2回目のPGF2α投与時に、PMSGを1500IU同時に投与した。その72時間後に、hCGを500IU投与した。hCG投与の翌日及び翌々日にAIを実施し、hCG投与日の翌日を0日して、5日目に外科的に、もしくはと殺によって、両子宮角内をPBS(−)液でかん流し、かん流液から胚を回収した。
(2) Harvesting embryos When immature pigs were used as embryo pigs, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) was administered at 1500 IU, and 72 hours later, hCG was administered at 500 IU. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed on the next day and the next day after hCG administration. The day after the day of hCG administration, day 0, surgically or on the 5th day, both uterine horns were perfused with PBS (-) solution (Takara shuzo co., PBS tablet), perfusion Embryos were collected from the fluid.
When sex mature pigs were used as embryo pigs, they were treated in the same manner as described above, and an appropriate amount of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was administered 20 to 35 days after AI, and PGF2α was administered again 24 hours later. At the time of the second administration of PGF2α, PMSG was administered simultaneously with 1500 IU. 72 hours later, 500 IU of hCG was administered. AI was performed on the next day and two days after the hCG administration, the next day after the hCG administration day was 0, and both uterine horns were perfused with PBS (−) solution surgically or on the 5th day, Embryos were collected from the perfusate.

(3)ガラス化溶液の準備
表1に示す組成の3種類のガラス化溶液を調製した。
1.8Mエチレングリコール(EG)を含む下記の組成のPZM液(1液)の100μlドロップを1つ、1.8M EG、0.3Mショ糖、1%(w/v)BSAを含むPZM液(2液)の100μlドロップを1つ、5M EG、0.6Mショ糖、2%(w/v)BSAを含むPZM(3液)の100μlドロップを2つ、シャーレ上に作成した。ドロップの載ったシャーレは38℃に保温した。
(3) Preparation of vitrification solution Three types of vitrification solutions having the compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared.
One 100μl drop of PZM solution (1 solution) containing 1.8M ethylene glycol (EG), 1.8M EG, 0.3M sucrose, 1% (w / v) BSA PZM solution (2 solutions) ), 2 100 μl drops of PZM (3 liquids) containing 5 M EG, 0.6 M sucrose, and 2% (w / v) BSA were prepared on a petri dish. The petri dish with the drop was kept warm at 38 ° C.

Figure 0004431754

※EG:エチレングリコール
Figure 0004431754

* EG: Ethylene glycol

PZM液組成 (100ml作成時)
NaCl 0.6312 g
KCl 0.0746 g
KH2PO4 0.0048 g
MgSO4・7H2O 0.0098 g
NaHCO3 0.2106 g
Na-pyruvate 0.0022 g
Ca-(lactate)2 5H2O 0.0617 g
グルタミン 0.0292 g
ヒポタウリン 0.0546 g
BME Amino Acids Solution 2%v/v
MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution 1%v/v
BSA(F-V) 0.3 g
硫酸ゲンタマイシン 0.005 g
上記をDWで100mlにメスアップ
※BME:Basal Medium Eagle、MEM:Minimum Essential Medium
PZM solution composition (when making 100ml)
NaCl 0.6312 g
KCl 0.0746 g
KH 2 PO 4 0.0048 g
MgSO 4・ 7H 2 O 0.0098 g
NaHCO 3 0.2106 g
Na-pyruvate 0.0022 g
Ca- (lactate) 2 5H 2 O 0.0617 g
Glutamine 0.0292 g
Hipotaurine 0.0546 g
BME Amino Acids Solution 2% v / v
MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution 1% v / v
BSA (FV) 0.3 g
Gentamicin sulfate 0.005 g
Up to 100ml with DW * BME: Basal Medium Eagle, MEM: Minimum Essential Medium

(4)ガラス化溶液との平衡
(2)において一腹から採取した分の胚(3〜10個)を、パスツールピペットで1液のドロップに移して5分間平衡した後、2液のドロップに移して5分間平衡した。
2液での平衡中に、両側に0.25ml容ストロー用のプラスチック製の栓(商品名:マーカーロッド、IVM社、フランス)を取りつけたプラスチック製0.25ml容ストロー2(IMV社, フランス)を、綿栓側を下にした状態で、あらかじめ液体窒素の中に試験管立てを用いて立てておいた。その際、ストロー2の先端が液体窒素から出ている状態にし、ストロー2内に液体窒素が浸入しないように注意した。
ストロー2に栓をする際には、まず、ストロー2の中に培養液を極少量入れて、ストロー2の一端にあらかじめ装着されている綿栓を湿らせることにより、綿栓を固定してから、その上にさらに栓を差し込んだ。次いで、もう一方の端に栓を軽く差し込んだ(図3参照)。
2液の平衡が終了した後、パスツールピペットで胚を3液のドロップに移し、直ちにもう一つの3液のドロップに移した。続いて、3液と共に胚をパスツールピペットで吸い、(1)で作製した付着保持具1の先端のU字型の溝(開口)11の上に、胚の入ったガラス化溶液を薄く延ばして置いた。
(4) Equilibration with vitrification solution Embryos (3 to 10) collected from one abdomen in (2) were transferred to a 1-drop with a Pasteur pipette and equilibrated for 5 minutes, followed by a 2-drop And equilibrated for 5 minutes.
During equilibration with two liquids, a plastic 0.25 ml straw 2 (IMV, France) with a plastic stopper for 0.25 ml straw (trade name: Marker Rod, IVM, France) attached on both sides, With the cotton plug side down, it was set up beforehand in liquid nitrogen using a test tube stand. At that time, care was taken so that the tip of the straw 2 came out of the liquid nitrogen and liquid nitrogen did not enter the straw 2.
When plugging the straw 2, first fix the cotton plug by putting a very small amount of culture solution into the straw 2 and moistening the cotton plug attached to one end of the straw 2 in advance. , I plugged more on it. Next, a stopper was lightly inserted into the other end (see FIG. 3).
After equilibration of the two liquids, the embryo was transferred to a 3 liquid drop with a Pasteur pipette and immediately transferred to another 3 liquid drop. Subsequently, the embryo is sucked together with the three liquids with a Pasteur pipette, and the vitrification solution containing the embryo is thinly spread on the U-shaped groove (opening) 11 at the tip of the attachment holder 1 prepared in (1). I left it.

(5)ガラス化保存
あらかじめ液体窒素中に投入しておいた0.25ml容ストロー2の上部の栓を外した後、直ちに胚を置いた付着保持具1をその中に挿入し、ストロー2の全体を液体窒素に沈めた(図4参照)。これにより、胚を含むガラス化溶液は、付着保持具1の開口11に保持された状態で凍結した。
なお、上記(4)において胚を3液に移してから、ストロー2を液体窒素中に浸漬するまでの作業は、1分以内に行った。
その後、凍結した胚は、ストロー2ごと液体窒素中で保存した。その際、綿栓側に差し込んだ外側の栓は外しても構わない。
(5) Vitrification preservation After removing the stopper at the top of the 0.25 ml straw 2 previously put in liquid nitrogen, immediately attach the attachment holder 1 on which the embryo is placed, and insert the entire straw 2 Was submerged in liquid nitrogen (see FIG. 4). As a result, the vitrification solution containing the embryo was frozen while being held in the opening 11 of the attachment holder 1.
It should be noted that the operation from the transfer of the embryo in the liquid (3) to the immersion of the straw 2 in liquid nitrogen was performed within 1 minute.
Thereafter, the frozen embryos were stored together with straw 2 in liquid nitrogen. At this time, the outer plug inserted into the cotton plug may be removed.

(6)希釈溶液(融解液)の準備
ガラス化保存した胚を融解するために用いる希釈溶液(融解液)を、以下のようにして準備した。
1.8Mエチレングリコール、0.6Mショ糖を含むPZM液を調製し、融解液(表2)とした。この融解液3mlを、プラスチック製の5ml試験管に取り、39℃に保温した。
(6) Preparation of diluted solution (melted solution) A diluted solution (melted solution) used for thawing vitrified and preserved embryos was prepared as follows.
A PZM solution containing 1.8M ethylene glycol and 0.6M sucrose was prepared and used as a melt (Table 2). 3 ml of this melt was taken in a plastic 5 ml test tube and kept at 39 ° C.

Figure 0004431754

EG:エチレングリコール
Figure 0004431754

EG: Ethylene glycol

(7)ガラス化保存胚の融解及びガラス化溶液の希釈方法
液体窒素を入れた容器に、凍結胚を入れたストロー2を移した。次いで、ストロー2を液体窒素に入れたままの状態で、胚を保持した付着保持具1を液体窒素外に出し、付着保持具1をストロー2から素早く抜き取った。さらに、胚の置いてあるU字型の溝(開口)11を、直ちに3mlの融解液が入った試験管に入れて胚を融解した。
胚が融解した後、試験管からシャーレに胚と融解液とを移し、5分間稀釈した。
(7) Thawing vitrified embryos and diluting vitrification solution Straw 2 containing frozen embryos was transferred to a container containing liquid nitrogen. Next, with the straw 2 kept in liquid nitrogen, the attachment holder 1 holding the embryo was taken out of the liquid nitrogen, and the attachment holder 1 was quickly extracted from the straw 2. Furthermore, the U-shaped groove (opening) 11 where the embryo was placed was immediately put into a test tube containing 3 ml of the melt, and the embryo was thawed.
After the embryo was thawed, the embryo and the melt were transferred from the test tube to the petri dish and diluted for 5 minutes.

(8)融解後の胚の体外培養試験
ガラス化後融解・希釈した胚は、PZM液で3回洗浄した後、5%CO、39℃のインキュベーター内で、10%FBS(牛胎児血清)を添加したPZM液を用いた微小滴培養法で培養した。培養開始から24時間、48時間後の胚の発育状態(生存率)を調べた。
なお、対照として、液体窒素内にガラス化溶液を直接沈めて凍結するマイクロドロップレット法によりガラス化保存した胚についても、同様に融解・希釈して培養し、発育状態を調べた。
結果を表3に示す。
(8) In vitro culture test of thawed embryos Thawed and diluted embryos after vitrification were washed 3 times with PZM solution, and then 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) in an incubator at 5% CO 2 and 39 ° C. The cells were cultured by a microdrop culture method using PZM solution supplemented with. The developmental state (survival rate) of the embryos 24 and 48 hours after the start of the culture was examined.
As a control, embryos vitrified and preserved by the microdroplet method in which a vitrification solution was directly submerged in liquid nitrogen and frozen were similarly thawed, diluted and cultured, and the developmental state was examined.
The results are shown in Table 3.

Figure 0004431754
Figure 0004431754

ガラス化及び融解した胚22個を培養した結果、本発明の方法では、24時間後に20個(90.9%)が生存し、48時間後に19個(86.4%)が生存していた。このことから、本発明の方法でガラス化保存した胚は、48時間培養後にも高い生存率を示すことが分かる。   As a result of culturing 22 vitrified and thawed embryos, 20 (90.9%) survived after 24 hours and 19 (86.4%) survived after 48 hours in the method of the present invention. This shows that embryos preserved by vitrification by the method of the present invention show a high survival rate even after 48 hours of culture.

(9)融解後の胚の移植
受胚豚は発情日齢4日目の雌豚を用いた。上記(7)で融解したブタ5日齢胚15個をPZM液で3回洗浄し、外科的手法で受胚豚の片側子宮角に移植した。移植液はPZM液を用いた。
結果を表4に示す。受胚豚2頭は受胎した。そのうちの1頭が雄3頭、雌3頭の子豚を分娩した。
したがって、本発明の方法によりガラス化保存した胚は、保存後にも高い生存率を有しており、しかもガラス化保存胚に由来する産子を作出する能力を保持していることが明らかとなった。
(9) Transplantation of embryos after thawing The sows were sows on the 4th day of estrus. Fifteen 5-day-old pigs thawed in (7) above were washed three times with PZM solution and transplanted to one uterine horn of a recipient pig by a surgical technique. PZM solution was used as the transplantation solution.
The results are shown in Table 4. Two recipient pigs were conceived. One of them delivered 3 male and 3 female piglets.
Therefore, it has been clarified that embryos preserved by vitrification by the method of the present invention have a high survival rate even after preservation, and also retain the ability to produce offspring derived from vitrification-preserved embryos. It was.

Figure 0004431754
Figure 0004431754

本発明のガラス化保存具における付着保持具と、胚を含むガラス化溶液の状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state of the vitrification solution which contains the adhesion holder in the vitrification preservation tool of this invention, and an embryo. 本発明の付着保持具を銅線により収容具用の栓に固定する方法を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the method of fixing the adhesion holder of this invention to the stopper for container with a copper wire. 本発明の付着保持具を収容する筒状の収容具の準備を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the preparation of the cylindrical container which accommodates the adhesion holder of this invention. 本発明のガラス化保存方法を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the vitrification preservation | save method of this invention.

Claims (2)

胚の付着保持具と、前記付着保持具を収容する筒状の収容具と、からなる胚のガラス化保存用具であって、前記胚の付着保持具として、先端近傍の上面をカットすることにより形成した開口を有する金属製筒状部材を用いることを特徴とする胚のガラス化保存用具。   An embryo vitrification preservation tool comprising an embryo attachment holder, and a cylindrical container for containing the attachment holder, by cutting the upper surface in the vicinity of the tip as the embryo attachment holder An embryo vitrification preservation tool characterized by using a metal tubular member having an opening formed. 先端近傍の上面をカットすることにより形成した開口を有する金属製筒状部材よりなる、胚の付着保持具を用い、胚の入ったガラス化溶液を当該付着保持具の開口に付着・保持させると共に、前記付着保持具を収容する筒状の収容具をその先端が液体窒素外へ突出するように液体窒素内に投入し、次いで当該筒状の収容具内に、前記付着保持具を収容することを特徴とする胚のガラス化保存方法。

Using an embryo attachment holder made of a metal cylindrical member having an opening formed by cutting the upper surface near the tip, the vitrification solution containing the embryo is attached and held in the opening of the attachment holder. A cylindrical container for accommodating the attachment holder is introduced into the liquid nitrogen so that the tip projects out of the liquid nitrogen, and then the adhesion holder is accommodated in the cylindrical container. Vitrification preservation method of embryo characterized by this.

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