JP4423962B2 - Method for preventing generation of methane gas at bottom of water and processing method for organic deposit - Google Patents
Method for preventing generation of methane gas at bottom of water and processing method for organic deposit Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 78
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title description 2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Description
本発明は、水底におけるメタンガスの発生防止方法及び有機性沈積物の処理方法等に関するもので、特に、浅海に設けられる魚介類の養殖場の水底においてメタンガスの発生を防止し、或いはメタンガスの発生源となる有機性沈積物を好気分解するのに好適な方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for preventing the generation of methane gas at the bottom of the water, a method for treating organic deposits, and the like, and in particular, prevents the generation of methane gas at the bottom of a fish farm in the shallow sea, or a source of methane gas. The present invention relates to a method suitable for aerobically decomposing organic deposits.
近年、浅海での魚介類の養殖漁業が盛んに行われているが、フグやハマチなどの魚類の養殖場では、魚に摂餌されなかった残餌と魚から***される糞が養殖生け簀下方の水底に沈積し、また、牡蠣などの貝類の養殖場では、残餌は発生しないものの（貝類は無給餌養殖）、貝類から***される糞が養殖筏下方の水底に沈積するという問題がある。 In recent years, fishery and fisheries in the shallow sea have been actively cultivated. However, in fish farms such as pufferfish and hamachi, residual food that was not eaten by the fish and feces excreted from the fish are located below There is a problem that in the oyster and other shellfish farms, no residual food is generated (shellfish are not fed), but feces excreted from the shellfish are deposited on the bottom of the bottom .
このように養殖場の水底に残餌や糞が沈積しても、潮通しが良好な場所では沈積物が潮流等で場外に流出するため、沈積物の堆積量は少なくて済む。しかし、多くの場合、養殖場は潮通しがあまり良くない内湾や入江などに設置されるため、短期間のうちに沈積物が厚く堆積してしまう。この堆積物（残餌、糞）は殆どが有機物であるため、その堆積層内部で嫌気性細菌、特にメタン発酵菌による有機物の嫌気分解が生じ、水底からメタンガスが発生する。このような水底でのメタンガスの発生は、養殖魚介類の生産性に悪影響を与えるだけでなく、最悪の場合には養殖魚介類の大量へい死を招いてしまう。 In this way, even if residual food and feces are deposited on the bottom of the aquaculture farm, the deposits flow out of the field due to tidal currents and the like in places with good tides, so the amount of sediment deposited can be small. However, in many cases, farms are set up in inner bays and bays where tide is not so good, and deposits accumulate in a short period of time. Since most of the deposits (residual food, feces) are organic matter, anaerobic decomposition of the organic matter by anaerobic bacteria, particularly methane fermentation bacteria, occurs in the deposit layer, and methane gas is generated from the bottom of the water. Such generation of methane gas at the bottom of the water not only adversely affects the productivity of the cultured fish and shellfish, but also causes a large amount of death of the cultured fish and shellfish in the worst case.
例えば、潮通しのあまり良くない場所に設置された魚類の養殖場の場合、早いものでは設置後３年でメタンガスが発生するようになり、この場合の対策としては、養殖場（生け簀や筏）を他の場所に移動させるか、或いは浚渫で水底の堆積物を回収するしかなく、いずれにしても多大な手間と費用がかかる。 For example, in the case of a fish farm set up in a place where the tide is not very good, methane gas will be generated in the first 3 years after installation, and as a countermeasure in this case, the farm (sacrificial fish and salmon) It has to be moved to another place or boiled to collect sediments on the bottom of the water.
一方、養殖場の水底に堆積する糞などの処理対策として、養殖筏の直下に小石状の軽量材料（例えば、発泡スチロール）を詰めた籠枠を配置し、この籠枠で糞を受けるようにした装置が特許文献１において提案されており、この装置によれば、糞が小石状の軽量材料間にトラップされ、溶存酸素が豊富な水中で好気的に分解されるとしている。しかし、この装置は、養殖場全体をカバーできるような大きな構造体（籠枠）を設置する必要があり、多大なコストがかかる。
したがって本発明の目的は、以上のような従来技術の課題を解決し、有機性底泥が堆積する水底でのメタンガスの発生を効果的に抑制することができる方法を提供することにある。
また、本発明の他の目的は、魚介類の養殖場直下の水底などのような有機物が間断なく沈積する水底において、沈積した有機物を効率的に好気分解することができる有機性沈積物の処理方法を提供することにある。
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art and to provide a method capable of effectively suppressing the generation of methane gas at the bottom of the bottom where organic bottom mud is deposited.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic deposit capable of efficiently aerobically decomposing the deposited organic matter at the bottom of the organic matter such as the bottom immediately below the seafood farm. It is to provide a processing method.
さらに本発明の他の目的は、メタンガスの発生がなく、且つ養殖魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機性沈積物が効率的に好気分解される魚介類の養殖場及びその造成方法を提供することにある。
さらに本発明の他の目的は、水底からのメタンガスの発生を防止し、且つ養殖魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機性沈積物を効率的に好気分解しつつ、魚介類を養殖することができる養殖方法を提供することにある。
Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a fishery farm and a method for producing the same, in which methane gas is not generated, and organic sediment such as residual food and feces of cultured fishery products is efficiently aerobically decomposed. There is to do.
Still another object of the present invention is to cultivate seafood while preventing the generation of methane gas from the bottom of the water and efficiently aerobically decomposing organic sediment such as residual food and feces of cultured seafood. It is to provide an aquaculture method that can do this.
本発明者らは、有機物を含む底泥が堆積する水底、とりわけ養殖魚介類の残餌や糞が厚く堆積する養殖場直下の水底において、堆積物からのメタンガスの発生を防止し、さらには残餌や糞などの有機性沈積物を好気分解させるための方策について検討を行った。その結果、鉄鋼製造プロセスで発生する高炉水砕スラグで水底を覆砂し、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、水底でのメタンガスの発生を効果的に防止できること、また、その好気性覆砂層に新たに沈積する有機性沈積物を効率的に好気分解できることを見出した。この高炉水砕スラグは鉄鋼製造プロセスで大量に発生するものであるため安価に且つ大量に入手することができ、広い水域に対しても低コストに好気性覆砂層を形成することができる。 The present inventors have prevented the generation of methane gas from the sediment on the bottom of the bottom where organic mud-containing bottom mud accumulates, especially the bottom of the aquaculture farm where the residual food of cultured fishery products and feces accumulates. We investigated a method for aerobically decomposing organic deposits such as food and feces. As a result, it is possible to effectively prevent the generation of methane gas at the bottom of the water by covering the bottom of the water with blast furnace granulated slag generated in the steel manufacturing process and forming an aerobic sand-covering layer where the pore water has a pH of 8 or more, Moreover, it discovered that the organic deposit newly deposited in the aerobic sand-covering layer can be aerobically decomposed efficiently. Since this granulated blast furnace slag is generated in large quantities in the steel production process, it can be obtained in a large amount at a low cost, and an aerobic sand-covered layer can be formed at a low cost even in a wide water area.
本発明は上記知見に基づきなされたもので、その特徴は以下のとおりである。
［1］有機物を含む底泥が堆積した水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂し、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成し、さらに該好気性覆砂層の下層に、高炉水砕スラグと製鋼スラグの混合物からなるとともに、該混合物中の製鋼スラグの割合が１０〜６０mass％であり、製鋼スラグのアルカリ刺激により固結を生じる下部覆砂層を形成することにより、水底でのメタンガスの発生を防止することを特徴とする水底におけるメタンガスの発生防止方法。
［2］上記［1］のメタンガスの発生防止方法において、魚介類の養殖場の下方の水底に好気性覆砂層を形成することを特徴とする水底におけるメタンガスの発生防止方法。
The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the features thereof are as follows.
[1] The bottom of the sediment containing organic matter is covered with blast furnace granulated slag to form an aerobic sandy layer with pore water of pH 8 or higher, and blast furnace granulated under the aerobic sandy layer. It consists of a mixture of slag and steelmaking slag, and the ratio of steelmaking slag in the mixture is 10 to 60 mass%. By forming a lower sand-covering layer that causes caking due to alkali stimulation of the steelmaking slag , A method for preventing the generation of methane gas at the bottom of the water, wherein the generation is prevented .
[2] The method for preventing methane gas generation in the bottom of the sea water according to [1] , wherein an aerobic sand-covering layer is formed on the bottom of the fishery product farm.
［3］有機物を含む底泥が堆積した水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂することで間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成し、さらに該好気性覆砂層の下層に、高炉水砕スラグと製鋼スラグの混合物からなるとともに、該混合物中の製鋼スラグの割合が１０〜６０mass％であり、製鋼スラグのアルカリ刺激により固結を生じる下部覆砂層を形成し、前記好気性覆砂層の覆砂粒子表面に着生する好気性微生物により、好気性覆砂層上に沈積する有機物を分解処理することを特徴とする水底における有機性沈積物の処理方法。
［4］上記［3］の有機性沈積物の処理方法において、魚介類の養殖場の下方の水底に好気性覆砂層を形成することを特徴とする水底における有機性沈積物の処理方法。
[3] The bottom of the sediment containing organic matter is covered with sand granulated blast furnace slag to form an aerobic sand-covering layer whose pore water has a pH of 8 or more, and blast furnace water is formed below the aerobic sand-covering layer. It consists of a mixture of crushed slag and steelmaking slag, and the ratio of steelmaking slag in the mixture is 10 to 60 mass%, forming a lower sand-covering layer that causes consolidation by alkali stimulation of the steelmaking slag , A method for treating an organic deposit on a water bottom, comprising decomposing an organic matter deposited on an aerobic sand-covering layer with an aerobic microorganism deposited on the surface of the sand-covering particle .
[4] The method for treating organic deposits on the bottom of the water according to the above-mentioned [3] , wherein an aerobic sand-covering layer is formed on the bottom of the fishery farm.
［5］魚介類の養殖場の下方の水底に、高炉水砕スラグで構成される、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成し、さらに該好気性覆砂層の下層に、高炉水砕スラグと製鋼スラグの混合物からなるとともに、該混合物中の製鋼スラグの割合が１０〜６０mass％であり、製鋼スラグのアルカリ刺激により固結を生じる下部覆砂層を形成することを特徴とする魚介類の養殖場の造成方法。
［6］魚介類の養殖場の下方の水底に、高炉水砕スラグで構成される、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成し、さらに該好気性覆砂層の下層に、高炉水砕スラグと製鋼スラグの混合物からなるとともに、該混合物中の製鋼スラグの割合が１０〜６０mass％であり、製鋼スラグのアルカリ刺激により固結を生じる下部覆砂層を形成することを特徴とする魚介類の養殖場。 [5] An aerobic sand-covering layer composed of granulated blast furnace slag and having a pore water of pH 8 or more is formed on the bottom of the seafood farm, and blast-furnace water is formed below the aerobic sand-covering layer. A seafood comprising a mixture of crushed slag and steelmaking slag, wherein the ratio of steelmaking slag in the mixture is 10 to 60 mass%, and forms a lower sand-covering layer that causes consolidation by alkali stimulation of the steelmaking slag. How to build a farm for farming .
[6] An aerobic sand-covering layer composed of granulated blast furnace slag and having a pore water pH of 8 or more is formed on the bottom of the seafood farm, and blast-furnace water is formed below the aerobic sand-covering layer. A seafood comprising a mixture of crushed slag and steelmaking slag, wherein the ratio of steelmaking slag in the mixture is 10 to 60 mass%, and forms a lower sand-covering layer that causes consolidation by alkali stimulation of the steelmaking slag. Farms.
［7］水底に高炉水砕スラグで構成される、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成し、さらに該好気性覆砂層の下層に、高炉水砕スラグと製鋼スラグの混合物からなるとともに、該混合物中の製鋼スラグの割合が１０〜６０mass％であり、製鋼スラグのアルカリ刺激により固結を生じる下部覆砂層を形成し、前記好気性覆砂層の上方に魚介類の養殖場を設置することを特徴とする魚介類の養殖方法。
［8］上記［7］の養殖方法において、養殖場の面積の２倍以上の面積の水底に好気性覆砂層を形成し、該好気性覆砂層の範囲内において、任意の期間毎に養殖場を移動させることを特徴とする魚介類の養殖方法。 [7] An aerobic sand-covered layer composed of blast furnace granulated slag with pore water having a pH of 8 or more is formed at the bottom of the water , and further, a mixture of blast furnace granulated slag and steelmaking slag is formed under the aerobic sand-covered layer. And the ratio of the steelmaking slag in this mixture is 10-60 mass%, forms the lower sand-covering layer which solidifies by the alkali stimulation of steel-making slag, and installs the fishery farm above the aerobic sand-covering layer A method for culturing seafood characterized by:
[8] In the aquaculture method according to [7 ] above, an aerobic sand-covering layer is formed on the bottom of the water that is at least twice the area of the aquaculture farm, and the aquaculture ground is located at any time within the aerobic sand-covering layer. A method for cultivating seafood characterized by moving fish .
本発明のメタンガスの発生防止方法によれば、水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂し、実質的にメタン生成菌が活動できない環境となる好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、有機性底泥が堆積する水底でのメタンガスの発生を適切に防止することができる。
また、本発明の有機性沈積物の処理方法によれば、水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂し、好気性微生物が着生・活動しやすい環境となる好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、魚介類の養殖場直下の水底などのような有機物が間断なく沈積する水底において、沈積した有機物を効率的に好気分解することができる。
According to the methane gas generation prevention method of the present invention, the bottom of the water is covered with ground granulated blast furnace slag, and an aerobic sand-covering layer that becomes an environment in which methane-producing bacteria cannot substantially act is formed, so that the organic bottom mud is formed. Generation of methane gas at the bottom of the accumulated water can be prevented appropriately.
Further, according to the method for treating organic deposits of the present invention, the bottom of the water is covered with ground granulated blast furnace slag, and an aerobic microorganism is formed in an environment in which aerobic microorganisms are likely to settle and act. It is possible to efficiently aerobically decompose the deposited organic matter at the bottom of the bottom where organic matter such as the bottom immediately below the seafood farm is deposited without interruption.
また、本発明の魚介類の養殖場及びその造成方法によれば、水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂し、実質的にメタン生成菌が活動できず、且つ好気性微生物が着生・活動しやすい環境となる好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、メタンガスの発生がなく、且つ養殖魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機性沈積物が効率的に好気分解される魚介類の養殖場を得ることができる。 Further, according to the fishery product farm and its production method of the present invention, the bottom of the water is covered with ground granulated blast furnace slag, the methanogenic bacteria cannot be activated substantially, and aerobic microorganisms are established and activated. By forming an aerobic sand-covering layer that provides an easy environment, it is possible to create a fishery farm that does not generate methane gas and efficiently aerobically decomposes organic waste such as residual food and dung of cultured seafood. Obtainable.
また、本発明の魚介類の養殖方法によれば、水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂し、実質的にメタン生成菌が活動できず、且つ好気性微生物が着生・活動しやすい環境となる好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、水底からのメタンガスの発生を防止し、且つ養殖魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機性沈積物を効率的に好気分解しつつ、魚介類を養殖することができる。 Moreover, according to the method for cultivating seafood according to the present invention, the bottom of the water is covered with blast furnace granulated slag, so that an environment in which methanogenic bacteria cannot be activated substantially and aerobic microorganisms are likely to grow and act. By forming an aerobic sand-covering layer, the generation of methane gas from the bottom of the water is prevented, and the fishery products are cultured while effectively aerobically decomposing organic deposits such as residual food and feces of the cultured fishery products. be able to.
本発明のメタンガスの発生防止方法は、有機物を含む底泥（以下、「有機性底泥」という）が堆積した水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂し、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、水底でのメタンガスの発生を防止するものである。また、本発明の有機性沈積物の処理方法は、有機性底泥が堆積した水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂することで間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成し、この好気性覆砂層の覆砂粒子表面に着生する好気性微生物により、好気性覆砂層上に沈積する有機物を分解処理するものである。ここで、有機性底泥としては、５００℃での強熱減量が３％以上、好ましくは５％以上の底泥を対象とすることが望ましい。 The method for preventing the generation of methane gas according to the present invention comprises aerobic covering in which pore water becomes pH 8 or more by covering the bottom of sediment containing organic matter (hereinafter referred to as “organic bottom mud”) with blast furnace granulated slag. By forming a sand layer, the generation of methane gas at the bottom of the water is prevented. The organic sediment treatment method of the present invention forms an aerobic sand-covering layer in which pore water has a pH of 8 or more by covering the water bottom on which organic bottom mud is deposited with blast furnace granulated slag. The organic matter deposited on the aerobic sand-capping layer is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms that grow on the surface of the sand-clad particles of the aerobic sand-capping layer. Here, as the organic bottom mud, it is desirable to target bottom mud having a loss on ignition at 500 ° C. of 3% or more, preferably 5% or more.
高炉水砕スラグは、鉄鋼製造プロセスにおいて高炉から排出される高温の溶融状態にある高炉スラグ（溶融スラグ）を噴流水で急冷（水砕化）して得られるものであり、高炉スラグとしての固有の化学成分を有するとともに、その形態や組織において他のガラス質材料にはない以下のような特質がある。すなわち、一般のガラス質材料は組織が緻密であるのに対し、高炉水砕スラグの場合には、溶融状態にあるスラグを噴流水で急冷する過程でスラグ中に溶け込んでいる窒素や水分などによってスラグが発泡するため、得られるスラグ粒子は無数の内部気孔を有する多孔質組織（気孔内在組織）のガラス質材料となる。また、その形態は、砂よりも粗い粒度を有するとともに、スラグ粒子は角張った複雑な形状（表面に多数の尖った部分を有する形状）を有している。そして、このような組織及び形態上の特徴から、高炉水砕スラグの集合物は砂などに較べて充填間隙が大きく、また、水中に置かれた場合に含有成分（Ｃａ，ケイ酸塩など）がゆっくりと長期間にわたって溶出するという特質がある。 Granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by quenching (hydrocracking) blast furnace slag (molten slag) that is discharged from the blast furnace in a molten state in a steel manufacturing process with jet water. In addition, the following characteristics are not found in other glassy materials in terms of form and structure. In other words, a general glassy material has a dense structure, whereas in the case of granulated blast furnace slag, nitrogen or moisture dissolved in the slag in the process of quenching molten slag with jet water. Since slag foams, the obtained slag particles become a vitreous material having a porous structure (internal structure of pores) having countless internal pores. Moreover, the form has a coarser particle size than sand, and slag particle | grains have an angular and complicated shape (shape which has many sharp parts on the surface). And, from such structural and morphological features, the aggregate of blast furnace granulated slag has a larger filling gap than sand, etc., and the components (Ca, silicate, etc.) when placed in water Has the property of slowly eluting over a long period of time.
メタン生成菌の活動によるメタンガスの発生は、ｐＨ７前後の嫌気性環境下で最も生じやすく、それよりもｐＨが高い領域や溶存酸素濃度が比較的高い好気性環境下ではメタン生成菌の活動が抑制され、メタンガスは発生しにくくなる。高炉水砕スラグで有機性底泥が堆積した水底を覆砂した場合、高炉水砕スラグから微量のＣａがゆっくりと溶出するため覆砂層内部の水（間隙水）はｐＨ８以上となり、長期的にはｐＨ８．５前後で推移する。このために高炉水砕スラグ覆砂層内部やその近傍はメタン生成菌が活動しにくい水質となる。加えて、高炉水砕スラグの粒子（覆砂粒子）は角張った複雑な粒子形状で且つ砂よりも粒度が大きいため、層内での覆砂粒子間の間隙が大きく、このため高炉水砕スラグ覆砂層は通水性が高く、周囲の水との交換がよくなされる。この結果、高炉水砕スラグ覆砂層内部は間隙水の溶存酸素濃度が十分に確保されて好気性条件（好気性覆砂層）となり、この点でもメタン生成菌が活動しにくい環境となる。以上の結果、高炉水砕スラグ覆砂層内部やその近傍ではメタン生成菌の活動が効果的に抑制され、メタンガスの発生が適切に防止されることになる。 Generation of methane gas due to the activity of methanogens is most likely to occur in an anaerobic environment around pH 7, and the activity of methanogens is suppressed in a higher pH region or in an aerobic environment with a relatively high dissolved oxygen concentration. As a result, methane gas is less likely to be generated. When the bottom of the bottom where organic bottom mud is deposited is covered with blast furnace granulated slag, a small amount of Ca slowly elutes from the blast furnace granulated slag, so the water inside the covered sand layer (pore water) becomes pH 8 or higher, Changes at around pH 8.5. For this reason, the inside of the blast furnace granulated slag covering sand layer and the vicinity thereof have water quality in which methanogens are difficult to activate. In addition, the granulated blast furnace slag particles (sand-clad particles) have an angular and complex particle shape and a larger particle size than the sand, so there is a large gap between the sand-clad particles in the layer. The sand-capping layer has high water permeability and is often exchanged with surrounding water. As a result, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the pore water is sufficiently ensured inside the blast furnace granulated slag-covered sand layer, so that the aerobic condition (aerobic sand-covered layer) is obtained. As a result, the activity of the methanogenic bacteria is effectively suppressed in the blast furnace granulated slag covered sand layer and in the vicinity thereof, and generation of methane gas is appropriately prevented.
一方、上記のように高炉水砕スラグ覆砂層内部は好気性環境であり、しかも、スラグ粒子の間隙が大きいために、この好気性覆砂層上に新たに沈積した有機物が層内で間隙水と接触しやすい（有機物の流動性が高い）。このため、好気性覆砂層内部は好気性微生物が有機物を分解しやすい環境となる。しかも、スラグ粒子は角張った複雑な粒子形状で且つ多孔質組織（気孔内在組織）であるため、スラグ粒子表面が好気性微生物にとって好適な着生ベッドとなり、好気性微生物の着生・繁殖に好適な環境が提供される。以上の結果、高炉水砕スラグによる好気性覆砂層直下の有機性底泥や好気性覆砂層上に新たに沈積し或いは覆砂層のスラグ粒子間に入り込んだ有機物は、好気性微生物による分解作用により効率的に分解されることになる。 On the other hand, as described above, the inside of the blast furnace granulated slag-covered sand layer is an aerobic environment, and because the gap between the slag particles is large, organic substances newly deposited on the aerobic sand-covered layer are separated from the pore water in the layer. Easy contact (high fluidity of organic matter). For this reason, the inside of the aerobic sand-covering layer becomes an environment in which aerobic microorganisms easily decompose organic substances. In addition, since the slag particles have an angular and complex particle shape and a porous structure (stomach resident tissue), the surface of the slag particles becomes a suitable bed for aerobic microorganisms, and is suitable for the growth and propagation of aerobic microorganisms. Environment is provided. As a result of the above, organic matter newly deposited on the aerobic sand layer or aerobic sand layer directly under the blast furnace granulated slag or between the slag particles of the sand layer is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms. It will be decomposed efficiently.
また、好気性覆砂層のスラグ粒子は角張った複雑な粒子形状で且つ多孔質組織（気孔内在組織）であるため単位容積質量が小さく、下層の既存の底泥と混じり合いにくいため、好気性覆砂層が長期間維持できる。さらに、間隙水がｐＨ８．５程度で推移するため水和硬化反応が活性化せず、覆砂層が固結することもない。また、覆砂層内でのスラグ粒子間の間隙が大きいため、沈積した有機物の流動性が高く、海流や波浪などによって有機物が洗い流されやすいという利点もある。 In addition, the slag particles in the aerobic sand-covered layer have an angular and complicated particle shape and a porous structure (internal pore structure), so the unit volume mass is small and it is difficult to mix with the existing bottom mud in the lower layer. Sand layer can be maintained for a long time. Furthermore, since the pore water moves at about pH 8.5, the hydration hardening reaction is not activated, and the sand-covering layer does not solidify. In addition, since the gap between the slag particles in the sand-covering layer is large, the deposited organic matter has high fluidity, and there is an advantage that the organic matter is easily washed away by a sea current or a wave.
以上のように本発明法に従い、有機物底泥が既に堆積し、さらには有機物が継続的に間断なく沈積し続けるような水底を高炉水砕スラグで覆砂し、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、水底でのメタンガスの発生を適切に防止し、さらには沈積する有機物を効率的に好気分解し、水底の環境を適切に改善・維持することができる。
したがって、魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機物の沈積によって特にメタンガスが発生しやすい魚介類の養殖場（養殖生け簀、養殖筏など）の下方の水底に上記好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、メタンガスの発生を適切に防止できるとともに、新たに沈積した有機物を効率的に好気分解し、養殖場の底質環境を長期間に亘って良好な状態に維持することができる。
As described above, according to the method of the present invention, organic bottom mud has already accumulated, and the bottom of the water where organic matter is continuously deposited without interruption is covered with blast furnace granulated slag, so that the pore water becomes pH 8 or more. By forming the erodible sand-covering layer, it is possible to appropriately prevent the generation of methane gas at the bottom of the water, to efficiently aerobically decompose the deposited organic matter, and to appropriately improve and maintain the environment at the bottom of the water.
Therefore, by forming the above aerobic sand-covered layer on the bottom of the fishery farms (cultured fish cages, farmed fish etc.) where methane gas is particularly likely to be generated due to the deposition of organic matter such as seafood residue and feces, The generation of methane gas can be appropriately prevented, the newly deposited organic matter can be efficiently aerobically decomposed, and the bottom environment of the farm can be maintained in a good state for a long period of time.
一般に、養殖場で魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機物が沈積する水底領域は、養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直下に限られるものではなく、ある程度の広がりをもち、特に潮流の流れの卓越方向に広がりをもつ。但し、有機物の水底での沈積量は養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直下の水底で最も多く、そこから遠ざかるに従って漸減する。したがって以上の点を考慮して、好気性覆砂層は養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直下の水底を中心として、当該水底領域よりも広い領域に設置することが好ましくい。魚介類の種類にもよるが、一般に養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直径又は１辺の長さは１０〜数十ｍ程度であり、そこで養殖される魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機物は、養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直下に全沈積量の４０〜７０％、養殖生け簀や養殖筏の周囲約２５〜３０ｍ以内に約９０％程度沈積すると考えられているので、少なくとも養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直下とその周囲約２５〜３０ｍ以上の領域をカバーするように好気性覆砂層を設置することが好ましい。また特に、好気性覆砂層の設置幅については、「潮流の流れの卓越方向と直交する方向」での幅に比べて「潮流の流れの卓越方向」での幅が大きくなるように設置することが好ましい。
好気性覆砂層の厚さは特に制限はないが、上述したような作用効果を確実に得るには２０ｃｍ以上、好ましくは３０ｃｍ以上の厚さで設けることが好ましい。
In general, the bottom area where organic matter such as seafood remnants and feces is deposited is not limited to the bottom of aquaculture ginger or aquaculture trough, and has a certain extent, especially in the direction of prevailing tidal currents. It has a spread. However, the amount of organic matter deposited at the bottom of the water is the largest at the bottom of the farmed culvert and the bottom of the cultivated culm, and gradually decreases as you move away from it. Therefore, in consideration of the above points, it is preferable to install the aerobic sand-covered layer in an area wider than the water bottom area, centering on the bottom of the cultured ginger or the bottom of the culture water tank. Although it depends on the type of seafood, the diameter or length of one side of aquaculture ginger or aquaculture trough is generally 10 to several tens of meters. It is thought that about 40% to 70% of the total amount of sedimentation is directly underneath the fish cage and the culture cage, and about 90% within about 25 to 30m around the culture cage and the culture cage. It is preferable to install an aerobic sand covering layer so as to cover an area of about 25 to 30 m or more around it. In particular, the installation width of the aerobic sand-capping layer should be set so that the width in the “dominant direction of the tidal current” is larger than the width in the “direction perpendicular to the dominant direction of the tidal current”. Is preferred.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the thickness of an aerobic sand-covering layer, In order to acquire the effect as above-mentioned reliably, it is preferable to provide with the thickness of 20 cm or more, Preferably it is 30 cm or more.
本発明法では、高炉水砕スラグで構成される好気性覆砂層の下層に、高炉水砕スラグと製鋼スラグの混合物からなり、製鋼スラグのアルカリ刺激により固結を生じる下部覆砂層を形成することができ、この下部覆砂層が既存の有機性底泥に言わば「蓋」をすることになり、仮に既存の有機性底泥内部でメタンガスが発生することがあっても、これを下部覆砂層により封じ込めることができる。鉄鋼製造プロセスで生成する製鋼スラグは、元々アルカリ刺激による潜在硬化性を有するため、水中に置かれた場合に固結する性質がある。したがって、このような製鋼スラグと高炉水砕スラグと混合し、この混合物で下部覆砂層を形成した場合には、高炉水砕スラグを含む下部覆砂層全体が固結し、既存の底泥をシールドする役目を果たす。 In the method of the present invention, a lower sand-covering layer consisting of a mixture of blast-furnace granulated slag and steelmaking slag, which is consolidated by the alkali stimulation of steelmaking slag, is formed below the aerobic sand-covering layer composed of blast furnace granulated slag. This lower sand-covering layer will put a “lid” on the existing organic bottom mud, and even if methane gas is generated inside the existing organic bottom mud, Can be contained. Steelmaking slag produced in the steel manufacturing process originally has latent hardenability due to alkali stimulation, and therefore has the property of solidifying when placed in water. Therefore, when such steelmaking slag and blast furnace granulated slag are mixed and a lower sand-clad layer is formed with this mixture, the entire lower sand-clad layer including the blast furnace granulated slag is consolidated and shields the existing bottom mud. To play a role.
下部覆砂層の厚さは特に制限はないが、上述したような作用効果を確実に得るには２０ｃｍ以上、好ましくは３０ｃｍ以上の厚さで設けることが好ましい。また、混合物中の製鋼スラグの割合は、少なすぎると下部覆砂層が適切に固結せず、一方、多すぎると周囲の水のｐＨを上昇させてしまうおそれがある。このため混合物中の製鋼スラグの割合は、１０〜６０mass％程度とするのが適当である。 The thickness of the lower sand-covering layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to provide a thickness of 20 cm or more, preferably 30 cm or more in order to reliably obtain the above-described effects. On the other hand, if the ratio of the steelmaking slag in the mixture is too small, the lower sand-covering layer cannot be consolidated appropriately, while if too large, the pH of the surrounding water may be increased. For this reason, it is appropriate that the ratio of steelmaking slag in the mixture is about 10 to 60 mass%.
以上述べた本発明法を適用すべき水底としては、魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機物が継続的に間断なく沈積するために、特にメタンガスが発生しやすい魚介類の養殖場が好適であるが、これに限定されるものではなく、有機性底泥が堆積した或いは新た有機物に沈積するあらゆる水底を対象とすることができる。また、水域としては、港湾を含む海、河川、河口、湖沼等のいずれでもよい。 As the water bottom to which the method of the present invention described above should be applied, a fish farm where fish and shellfish are easily generated is particularly suitable because organic matter such as residual food and feces is continuously deposited without interruption. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any water bottom where organic bottom mud is deposited or deposited on new organic matter can be targeted. Moreover, as a water area, any of the sea including a port, a river, an estuary, a lake, etc. may be sufficient.
本発明の魚介類の養殖場及びその造成方法は、魚介類の養殖場の下方の水底に、高炉水砕スラグで構成される、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成するものである。高炉水砕スラグで構成される好気性覆砂層の作用効果は先に述べたとおりであり、養殖場の下方の水底に実質的にメタン生成菌が活動できず、且つ好気性微生物が着生・活動しやすい環境となる好気性覆砂層が形成されることにより、メタンガスの発生がなく、養殖魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機性沈積物が効率的に好気分解される魚介類の養殖場を得ることができる。
養殖場を新たに造成するに当たり、好気性覆砂層の設置と養殖生け簀や養殖筏の設置の順番は任意であるが、通常は、造成すべき場所の水底に高炉水砕スラグを投入して好気性覆砂層を形成し、その上方に養殖生け簀や養殖筏などの設備を設置することが好ましい。
The seafood farm and its production method according to the present invention form an aerobic sand-covered layer composed of blast furnace granulated slag and having a pore water of pH 8 or more at the bottom of the seafood farm. is there. The action and effect of the aerobic sand-covered layer composed of granulated blast furnace slag is as described above, and the methanogens can not substantially act on the bottom of the aquaculture farm, and aerobic microorganisms are settled. By forming an aerobic sand-covering layer that makes the environment easy to work, there is no generation of methane gas, and the aquaculture of fish and shellfish where organic deposits such as residual food and feces of cultured fish and shellfish are efficiently aerobically decomposed You can get a place.
In order to construct a new farm, the order of the aerobic sand cover layer and the placement of the aquaculture cage or aquaculture cage is arbitrary, but it is usually preferable to introduce blast furnace granulated slag into the bottom of the site where it is to be constructed. It is preferable to form a tempered sand-carrying layer and install a facility such as a cultured cage or a cultured cage above it.
また、好気性覆砂層を設ける水底領域に関しては、先に述べたように、養殖場で魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機物が沈積する水底領域は、養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直下の水底領域よりもある程度の広がりをもち、特に潮流の流れの卓越方向に広がりをもつ。このため好気性覆砂層は、養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直下の水底を中心として、当該水底領域よりも広い領域に設置することが好ましく、先に述べた理由から、少なくとも養殖生け簀や養殖筏の直下とその周囲約２５〜３０ｍ以上の領域をカバーするように好気性覆砂層を設置することが好ましい。また特に、好気性覆砂層の設置幅については、「潮流の流れの卓越方向と直交する方向」での幅に比べて「潮流の流れの卓越方向」での幅が大きくなるように設置することが好ましい。 In addition, regarding the bottom area where an aerobic sand-covering layer is provided, as described above, the bottom area where organic matter such as seafood remnants and feces are deposited is the bottom area directly under the farming ginger and the cultivation trough. It has a certain extent, especially in the direction of prevailing tidal currents. For this reason, it is preferable to install the aerobic sand-covered layer in an area wider than the bottom area of the cultured culvert or the bottom of the cultivated culvert. For the reasons described above, at least directly below the cultivated culvert or the cultured culvert. It is preferable to install an aerobic sand covering layer so as to cover an area of about 25 to 30 m or more around it. In particular, the installation width of the aerobic sand-capping layer should be set so that the width in the “dominant direction of the tidal current” is larger than the width in the “direction perpendicular to the dominant direction of the tidal current”. Is preferred.
本発明の魚介類の養殖場及びその造成方法においても、先に述べた理由から、好気性覆砂層の下層に、高炉水砕スラグと製鋼スラグの混合物からなり、製鋼スラグのアルカリ刺激により固結を生じる下部覆砂層を形成することが好ましい。
なお、好気性覆砂層や下部覆砂層の厚さなどは、先に述べたとおりである。
In the fishery farm and its production method of the present invention as well, for the reasons described above, it is composed of a mixture of granulated blast furnace slag and steelmaking slag under the aerobic sand-covering layer, and is consolidated by alkali stimulation of the steelmaking slag. It is preferable to form a lower sand covering layer that generates
The thickness of the aerobic sand-covering layer and the lower sand-covering layer is as described above.
本発明の魚介類の養殖方法は、水底に高炉水砕スラグで構成される、間隙水がｐＨ８以上となる好気性覆砂層を形成し、この好気性覆砂層の上方に魚介類の養殖場（養殖生け簀、養殖筏など）を設置するものである。高炉水砕スラグで構成される好気性覆砂層の作用効果は先に述べたとおりであり、養殖場の下方の水底に実質的にメタン生成菌が活動できず、且つ好気性微生物が着生・活動しやすい環境となる好気性覆砂層を形成することにより、水底からのメタンガスの発生を防止し、且つ養殖魚介類の残餌や糞などの有機性沈積物を効率的に好気分解しつつ、魚介類を養殖することができる。 In the method for cultivating seafood according to the present invention, an aerobic sand-covering layer composed of blast furnace granulated slag is formed at the bottom of the water and the pore water has a pH of 8 or more, and a fish farm ( Aquaculture ginger, aquaculture trough, etc.). The action and effect of the aerobic sand-covered layer composed of granulated blast furnace slag is as described above, and the methanogens can not substantially act on the bottom of the aquaculture farm, and aerobic microorganisms are settled. By forming an aerobic sand-covering layer that makes it easy to work in the environment, it prevents the generation of methane gas from the bottom of the water and efficiently aerobically decomposes organic deposits such as residual food and feces of cultured seafood Can fish seafood.
好気性覆砂層を設ける水底領域に関しては、先に魚介類の養殖場及びその造成方法に関して述べたとおりであるが、本発明の養殖方法においては、養殖場（養殖生け簀、養殖筏など）の面積の２倍以上の面積の水底に好気性覆砂層を形成しておき、この好気性覆砂層の範囲内において、任意の期間毎に養殖場（養殖生け簀、養殖筏など）を移動させるようにしてもよい。これにより有機性沈積物による好気性覆砂層への負荷を大幅に軽減することができ、好気性覆砂層での有機性沈積物の好気分解も適切に行うことができる。具体的には、養殖場の面積の２〜３倍の面積の水底に好気性覆砂層を形成しておき、例えば２〜３年毎のローテーションで好気性覆砂層の範囲内で養殖生け簀や養殖筏などを移動させる。 Regarding the water bottom region where the aerobic sand-covering layer is provided, as described above for the seafood farm and its production method, in the culture method of the present invention, the area of the aquaculture farm (cultured fish cage, farmed salmon, etc.) An aerobic sand-covering layer is formed on the bottom of the water that is more than twice the area of the aerobic sand-covering layer. Also good. As a result, the load on the aerobic sand-covered layer due to the organic deposit can be greatly reduced, and the aerobic decomposition of the organic deposit in the aerobic sand-covered layer can be performed appropriately. Specifically, an aerobic sand-covering layer is formed on the bottom of the water that is 2 to 3 times the area of the farm, and for example, aquaculture ginger and aquaculture within the aerobic sand-covering layer by rotation every 2-3 years. Move firewood etc.
本発明の魚介類の養殖方法においても、先に述べた理由から、好気性覆砂層の下層に、高炉水砕スラグと製鋼スラグの混合物からなり、製鋼スラグのアルカリ刺激により固結を生じる下部覆砂層を形成することが好ましい。
なお、好気性覆砂層や下部覆砂層の厚さなどは、先に述べたとおりである。
本発明の高炉水砕スラグからなる養殖場の底質造成用資材は、上述したような養殖場の造成において、好気性覆砂層を設置するために用いられる。
Also in the seafood aquaculture method of the present invention, for the reasons described above, the lower cover of the aerobic sand cover layer is composed of a mixture of granulated blast furnace slag and steel slag, and caking due to alkali stimulation of the steel slag. It is preferable to form a sand layer.
The thickness of the aerobic sand-covering layer and the lower sand-covering layer is as described above.
The material for constructing the bottom of the aquaculture farm comprising the granulated blast furnace slag according to the present invention is used for installing an aerobic sand-covering layer in the construction of the farm as described above.
ハマチの養殖場の直下の水底から採取した有機性底泥（水分８０％，ＢＯＤとして５０００ｐｐｍ）２５０ｍＬを、図１に示すような５００ｍＬの容器に入れ、その上に高炉水砕スラグを２ｃｍの厚さに装入した試験区（本発明例）と、高炉水砕スラグを装入しない試験区（比較例）を、各々ｎ＝３用意した（いずれも容器内には海水を注入）。各試験区の容器をガス採取管付きの蓋で密閉し、ガス採取管を通じて採取されるメタンガス量を５０日間にわたって測定した。
その結果を図２に示す。これによると、高炉水砕スラグを装入しない試験区ではメタンガス発生量が日増しに高まっているのに対し、高炉水砕スラグを装入した本発明例の試験区は、メタンガスは殆ど発生していない。
250 mL of organic bottom mud (water 80%, 5000 ppm as BOD) collected from the bottom of the hamachi farm is placed in a 500 mL container as shown in FIG. 1, and blast furnace granulated slag is 2 cm thick. In addition, n = 3 test sections (invention example) charged with the blast furnace and granulated blast furnace slag (comparative example) were prepared (each was injected with seawater). The container of each test section was sealed with a lid with a gas sampling tube, and the amount of methane gas collected through the gas sampling tube was measured over 50 days.
The result is shown in FIG. According to this, the amount of methane gas generated in the test section without charging blast furnace granulated slag is increasing day by day, whereas in the test section of the present invention example charged with blast furnace granulated slag, almost no methane gas is generated. Not.
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