JP4417087B2 - Sludge reduction method and apparatus using humus - Google Patents

Sludge reduction method and apparatus using humus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4417087B2
JP4417087B2 JP2003405493A JP2003405493A JP4417087B2 JP 4417087 B2 JP4417087 B2 JP 4417087B2 JP 2003405493 A JP2003405493 A JP 2003405493A JP 2003405493 A JP2003405493 A JP 2003405493A JP 4417087 B2 JP4417087 B2 JP 4417087B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
humus
sludge
tank
aeration
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP2003405493A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2005161233A (en
Inventor
邦威 鈴木
Original Assignee
エンザイム株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by エンザイム株式会社 filed Critical エンザイム株式会社
Priority to JP2003405493A priority Critical patent/JP4417087B2/en
Publication of JP2005161233A publication Critical patent/JP2005161233A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4417087B2 publication Critical patent/JP4417087B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/20—Sludge processing

Landscapes

  • Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Description

本発明は、活性汚泥法によって発生する余剰汚泥の減量化方法に関し、詳しくは腐植を用いた汚泥減量化方法およびその装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for reducing excess sludge generated by an activated sludge method, and more particularly to a method for reducing sludge using humus and an apparatus therefor.

畜産場の糞尿や洗浄水、生活排水、工場排水などの有機性排水を処理する方法として、活性汚泥法が普及している。活性汚泥法の基本的な装置構成は、図９に示すように、調整槽１、曝気槽２、沈殿槽３および汚泥槽４からなる。まず、調整槽１で濃度、ｐH、流入量などが調節された有機性排水は、活性汚泥の存在する曝気槽２に受け入れられる。曝気槽２にて、数時間〜数日間の曝気処理を受けると、排水は活性汚泥の生物作用と凝集作用によって汚泥と水との懸濁液に変わる。この懸濁液を沈殿槽３に導く。そこで、汚泥は沈降分離され、一方、上澄み液である処理水は滅菌後、系外へ放流される。沈降した汚泥は、その一部を返送汚泥として曝気槽２へ戻され、残りの汚泥は、余剰汚泥として汚泥槽４に一定期間貯められた後、適宜処理される。   The activated sludge method is widely used as a method for treating organic wastewater such as manure, washing water, domestic wastewater, and factory wastewater from livestock farms. As shown in FIG. 9, the basic apparatus configuration of the activated sludge method includes an adjustment tank 1, an aeration tank 2, a sedimentation tank 3, and a sludge tank 4. First, the organic wastewater whose concentration, pH, inflow amount and the like are adjusted in the adjustment tank 1 is received in the aeration tank 2 where activated sludge is present. When the aeration tank 2 is subjected to an aeration treatment for several hours to several days, the wastewater is changed to a sludge-water suspension by the biological action and coagulation action of the activated sludge. This suspension is guided to the precipitation tank 3. Therefore, the sludge is settled and separated, while the treated water, which is the supernatant, is discharged outside the system after sterilization. A part of the settled sludge is returned to the aeration tank 2 as a return sludge, and the remaining sludge is stored in the sludge tank 4 as a surplus sludge for a certain period and then appropriately processed.

余剰汚泥が生じる理由は、以下のとおりである。活性汚泥法では、活性汚泥中に棲息する微生物が有機性排水中の有機物を栄養源として摂取すると、有機物の異化反応が起こり、CO2、H2Oとエネルギー（ATP)が生成される。この段階では、有機物は異化反応によって分解消滅する。しかし、前記微生物は、異化反応で得たエネルギー（ATP)と有機物とから新たに有機物を生合成する。この増分が余剰汚泥となる。 The reason why excess sludge is generated is as follows. In the activated sludge method, when microorganisms living in activated sludge ingest organic matter in organic wastewater as a nutrient source, a catabolic reaction of the organic matter occurs, and CO 2 , H 2 O and energy (ATP) are generated. At this stage, the organic matter is decomposed and extinguished by the catabolism reaction. However, the microorganism newly biosynthesizes organic matter from energy (ATP) obtained by catabolism and organic matter. This increment becomes surplus sludge.

余剰汚泥は、曝気処理すると、有機物の異化反応や自己酸化によるCO2、H2Oへの無機化で、ある程度の減量化を見込める。それでも余剰汚泥の処理と処分が問題になっている。また、余剰汚泥を長期間放置すると、悪臭の原因になる。余剰汚泥の最も簡便な処分方法は、脱水ケーキ化して、焼却や埋立て処分することである。しかし、これらの処分は、設備費や運転費などのコストが高い上、環境上好ましくない。 Excess sludge can be expected to be reduced to some extent by aeration treatment and mineralization to CO 2 and H 2 O by the catabolism of organic matter and auto-oxidation. Still, the treatment and disposal of surplus sludge is a problem. In addition, if excessive sludge is left for a long period of time, it may cause odor. The simplest disposal method of excess sludge is to make a dehydrated cake, and incinerate or landfill. However, these disposals are expensive in terms of equipment costs and operation costs, and are not environmentally preferable.

活性汚泥処理プロセスの中で余剰汚泥を削減する方法として、オゾン酸化法、酸・アルカリ熱処理法、超音波処理法などの方法も開発されている。しかし、これらの方法は、余剰汚泥中に棲息する微生物の細胞壁を粉砕、可溶化するため、細胞から栄養分が流出する。その結果、排水に細胞からの栄養分が加わってBOD、COD、N、Pなどが増し、再度の生物処理が必要となる。   Methods such as an ozone oxidation method, an acid / alkali heat treatment method, and an ultrasonic treatment method have been developed as methods for reducing excess sludge in the activated sludge treatment process. However, since these methods crush and solubilize the cell walls of microorganisms that inhabit the surplus sludge, nutrients flow out from the cells. As a result, nutrients from the cells are added to the wastewater, and BOD, COD, N, P, etc. increase, and another biological treatment is required.

本発明の目的は、従来の活性汚泥法で発生する余剰汚泥を減量化する方法とその装置を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for reducing excess sludge generated by a conventional activated sludge method.

本発明者は、上記課題を鋭意検討した結果、以下の発明により解決できることを見出した。すなわち、本発明は、有機性排水を活性汚泥の存在下で曝気処理し、曝気後の排水を汚泥と処理水とに分離し、汚泥の少なくとも一部を腐植の存在下で反応させ、得られる腐植汚泥の少なくとも一部を腐植および微小動物の存在下で反応および捕食させることからなる、腐植を用いた汚泥減量化方法を提供するものである。   As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventor has found that the following problems can be solved. That is, the present invention is obtained by subjecting organic waste water to aeration treatment in the presence of activated sludge, separating the waste water after aeration into sludge and treated water, and reacting at least a part of the sludge in the presence of humus. The present invention provides a sludge reduction method using humus, which comprises reacting and predating at least a part of humus sludge in the presence of humus and micro-animals.

なお、前記曝気後の排水から分離された汚泥の少なくとも一部は、直に腐植および微小動物の存在下で反応および捕食させてもよい。また、前記腐植の存在下で反応させて得られる腐植汚泥の少なくとも一部を、曝気処理用に返送してもよい。   It should be noted that at least a part of the sludge separated from the waste water after aeration may be reacted and preyed directly in the presence of humus and micro-animals. Moreover, you may return at least one part of the humus sludge obtained by making it react in the presence of the said humus for aeration processing.

本発明は、また、有機性排水を活性汚泥の存在下で曝気する曝気手段と、曝気後の排水を汚泥と処理水とに分離する分離手段と、汚泥の少なくとも一部を腐植の存在下で反応させる腐植リアクターと、腐植化した汚泥を腐植および微小動物の存在下で反応および捕食させる腐植化汚泥槽とからなる、腐植を用いた汚泥減量化装置を提供するものである。前記分離手段は、汚泥と処理水とを分離できるものであれば特に制限なく使用できるが、沈殿槽または膜分離機であることが好ましい。前記微小動物は、例えばミミズである。   The present invention also provides aeration means for aeration of organic wastewater in the presence of activated sludge, separation means for separating the wastewater after aeration into sludge and treated water, and at least a part of the sludge in the presence of humus. Provided is a sludge reduction device using humus, which comprises a humus reactor to be reacted and a humus sludge tank to react and prey on humus sludge in the presence of humus and micro-animals. The separation means can be used without particular limitation as long as it can separate sludge and treated water, but is preferably a precipitation tank or a membrane separator. The micro animal is, for example, an earthworm.

本発明は、従来の活性汚泥法による排水処理方法および装置に、腐植リアクターおよび腐植化汚泥槽の二段階の腐植化工程を付加したものである。本発明は、有機性排水を活性汚泥の存在下で曝気処理して、曝気後の排水を汚泥と処理水とに分離し、汚泥の少なくとも一部を腐植の存在下で反応させ、得られる腐植汚泥を処理系全体に配給して系内を循環させることにより、汚泥の腐植濃度を高める。この腐植化された汚泥は、CO2、H2Oに無機化されて消耗するので減量する。さらに、腐植は微小動物に捕食されるので減量化される。本発明の方法は、従来法と違って、余剰汚泥に棲息する微生物に対して、細胞壁の破砕、可溶化など刺激を与えないので、微生物が細胞内に保有しているBOD、COD、N、Pなどの栄養分の放出がなく、再度の生物処理を要しない。さらに、腐植化汚泥槽では、腐植汚泥周辺に微生物や微小動物を多種多様に増殖させるので、これらの生物による捕食作用あるいは食物連鎖が汚泥減量化に寄与する。したがって、本発明の減量化方法およびその装置によれば、単純な設備で容易に減量化が達成される。 The present invention is obtained by adding a two-stage humification process of a humus reactor and a humus sludge tank to a conventional wastewater treatment method and apparatus by the activated sludge method. The present invention provides an organic effluent by aeration treatment in the presence of activated sludge, separating the aerated effluent into sludge and treated water, reacting at least a part of the sludge in the presence of humus, and obtaining the humus obtained Distribute sludge to the entire treatment system and circulate the system to increase the humus concentration of the sludge. This humus sludge is mineralized by CO 2 and H 2 O and consumed, so it is reduced. In addition, humus is reduced by predation by micro-animals. Unlike the conventional method, the method of the present invention does not give stimulation such as cell wall crushing or solubilization to microorganisms living in excess sludge, so that BOD, COD, N, There is no release of nutrients such as P, and there is no need for biological treatments again. Furthermore, in the humus sludge tank, microorganisms and micro-animals are propagated in a wide variety around the humus sludge, so that the predatory action or food chain by these organisms contributes to sludge reduction. Therefore, according to the weight reduction method and apparatus of the present invention, weight reduction can be easily achieved with simple equipment.

以下に、添付の図面を用いて本発明の方法および装置を詳しく説明する。図１は、本発明の第一の実施態様に係わる汚泥減量化装置の概略図である。図１の装置は、曝気槽２および沈殿槽３を備えた従来の活性汚泥法処理装置に、腐植リアクター５および腐植化汚泥槽６を付設している。   Hereinafter, the method and apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sludge reduction apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a humus reactor 5 and a humus sludge tank 6 in addition to a conventional activated sludge process apparatus provided with an aeration tank 2 and a sedimentation tank 3.

図１において、調整槽（図示せず）にてｐH、濃度などの調整された有機性排水は、活性汚泥を含有する曝気槽２に送られて、活性汚泥による生物作用や凝集作用を受ける。本発明の方法に適用される有機性排水の由来は、畜産場から出る糞尿や洗浄水、生活排水、下水、澱粉処理加工排水、惣菜加工排水、ゼラチン排水、糖加工原料排水などの食品工場排水などである。   In FIG. 1, the organic wastewater whose pH and concentration are adjusted in an adjustment tank (not shown) is sent to an aeration tank 2 containing activated sludge, and receives biological action and coagulation action due to activated sludge. The origin of organic wastewater applied to the method of the present invention is wastewater from food plants such as manure and washing water from domestic farms, domestic wastewater, sewage, starch processing wastewater, sugar beet processing wastewater, gelatin wastewater, sugar processing raw material wastewater, etc. Etc.

曝気槽２に導入される活性汚泥中に含まれる微生物は、従来公知のものを特に制限なく使用できる。曝気槽２における生物反応を、図３および４の模式図を用いて説明する。排水中の有機物は、活性汚泥中の微生物によってCO2、H2O、NH3などの無機物に分解されるとともに、エネルギー（ATP）を作り出す（以下、(1)異化反応と呼ぶ）。さらに、前記微生物は、生じたATPと有機物とから、ポリフェノール、キノン、アミノ酸、キノイドなどを生合成する（以下、(2)同化反応と呼ぶ、図３）。この生合成物は、活性汚泥内微生物の細胞成分や分泌物となる。一部の生合成物は、自己酸化反応によってCO2、H2Oとなって消失する（以下、(3)自己酸化反応と呼ぶ）。 As the microorganisms contained in the activated sludge introduced into the aeration tank 2, conventionally known microorganisms can be used without any particular limitation. The biological reaction in the aeration tank 2 will be described with reference to the schematic diagrams of FIGS. The organic matter in the wastewater is decomposed into inorganic substances such as CO 2 , H 2 O, and NH 3 by microorganisms in the activated sludge and produces energy (ATP) (hereinafter referred to as (1) catabolism). Further, the microorganism biosynthesizes polyphenol, quinone, amino acid, quinoid, and the like from the generated ATP and organic matter (hereinafter referred to as (2) assimilation reaction, FIG. 3). This biosynthetic product becomes a cellular component and secretion of microorganisms in activated sludge. Some biosynthetic products disappear as CO 2 and H 2 O by the auto-oxidation reaction (hereinafter referred to as (3) auto-oxidation reaction).

次いで、曝気後の排水を沈殿槽３において汚泥と処理水に沈降分離する。汚泥の汚泥濃度は、通常、４０００〜８０００mg/lである。汚泥の一部は、返送汚泥として曝気槽２に返送し、残部は余剰汚泥として腐植リアクター５に送る。一方、処理水は、適宜、滅菌して系外に放流する。   Subsequently, the waste water after aeration is separated into sludge and treated water in the sedimentation tank 3. The sludge concentration of sludge is usually 4000 to 8000 mg / l. Part of the sludge is returned to the aeration tank 2 as return sludge, and the remainder is sent to the humus reactor 5 as surplus sludge. On the other hand, the treated water is appropriately sterilized and discharged out of the system.

腐植リアクター５は、腐植の生物的作用により汚泥を腐植汚泥に変換する一種のバイオリアクターである。図２に屋外型腐植リアクターの概略を示す。腐植リアクター５の中段に、腐植ペレットと担持体との組み合わせ９を装填している。該組み合わせ９は、通常、担持体の上部に腐植ペレットが載るように配置されている。また、図２のように腐植リアクター５中段を埋めるように装填してもよく、あるいは、リアクター中段に懸垂するように装填してもよい。担持体の下方に散気手段１０を備え、散気できるようになっている。散気手段１０は、ブロワー１１などの外部の送気手段と連通している。   The humus reactor 5 is a kind of bioreactor that converts sludge into humus sludge by the biological action of humus. Fig. 2 shows an outline of an outdoor humus reactor. The middle part of the humus reactor 5 is loaded with a combination 9 of humus pellets and a carrier. The combination 9 is usually arranged so that humus pellets are placed on top of the carrier. Moreover, you may load so that the middle stage of humus reactor 5 may be filled like FIG. 2, or you may load so that it may suspend from the middle stage of a reactor. The air diffuser 10 is provided below the carrier so that air can be diffused. The air diffusion means 10 communicates with an external air supply means such as the blower 11.

腐植ペレットの主要成分である腐植は、土壌中の微生物による分解および生合成作用によって生物遺体、特に植物枯死体から生じる腐植質を通常１０％以上含んだ、黒色または暗褐色を呈した土壌である。腐植には、腐植内に存在する土壌微生物（主にバチルス菌などのグラム陽性菌）の生物作用によって汚泥を腐植汚泥に変える作用、汚泥を凝集させる作用、硫化水素発生の元となる硫酸還元菌を抑制する作用、悪臭成分を除去する化学作用などを有する。腐植として、腐植土EZ-901、EZ-201（エンザイム社製）などの市販のものを使用してもよい。   Humus, the main component of humus pellets, is a soil with a black or dark brown color that usually contains 10% or more of humic substances derived from biological remains, especially plant dead bodies, due to microbial degradation and biosynthesis in the soil. . For humus, the action of soil sludge (mainly gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus bacteria) present in the humus is used to convert sludge into humus sludge, the action of aggregating sludge, and the sulfate-reducing bacteria that cause hydrogen sulfide generation It has an action to suppress odor, a chemical action to remove malodorous components, and the like. Commercially available humus such as humus soil EZ-901, EZ-201 (manufactured by Enzyme) may be used.

担持体は、腐植ペレットを担持し、微生物へのミネラル供給源となり、微生物が棲息するための構造体であって、例えば軽石である。   The carrier is a structure for supporting humus pellets, serving as a mineral supply source for microorganisms, and inhabiting microorganisms, and is, for example, pumice.

腐植リアクターでの反応時間は、通常、６時間〜２日であり、好ましくは１２時間〜１日である。   The reaction time in the humus reactor is usually 6 hours to 2 days, preferably 12 hours to 1 day.

腐植リアクター内の反応を、図３および４を用いて説明する。腐植リアクター５の反応は、曝気槽２と同様に(1)、(2)および(3)の反応が起きる。さらに、生合成物が腐植ペレット存在下で重縮合反応し腐植に変えられる反応（以下、(4)腐植化反応と呼ぶ）が起きる。腐植のうち易分解性のものは、(1)異化反応を起こしてガス化する。また、生成した腐植は、(2)同化反応へ戻って、さらに(3)自己酸化反応を起こしてガス化する。このように、腐植リアクターでは汚泥が(2)同化反応と(4)腐植化反応との間を循環するうちに、(3)自己酸化反応および(1)異化反応を随伴して減量化される。具体的には、腐植リアクター５の設置によって、余剰汚泥は６０〜７０％に減量化された（すなわち、３０〜４０％の削減）腐植汚泥に変わる。なお、本明細書において「腐植汚泥」とは、(4)腐植化反応で生成した腐植が余剰汚泥の一部を占めているものをいう。   The reaction in the humus reactor will be described with reference to FIGS. As for the reaction of the humus reactor 5, the reactions of (1), (2) and (3) occur in the same manner as the aeration tank 2. Furthermore, a reaction (hereinafter referred to as (4) humification reaction) occurs in which the biosynthetic product undergoes a polycondensation reaction in the presence of humus pellets and is converted to humus. The easily decomposable humus is (1) catalyzed and gasified. Moreover, the produced humus (2) returns to the assimilation reaction and further (3) undergoes an auto-oxidation reaction to gasify. In this way, in the humus reactor, while sludge circulates between (2) assimilation reaction and (4) humus reaction, (3) auto-oxidation reaction and (1) catabolism reaction is accompanied by a reduction. . Specifically, the surplus sludge is reduced to 60 to 70% (that is, 30 to 40% reduction) by the installation of the humus reactor 5 and is changed to humus sludge. In the present specification, the “humus sludge” means that (4) humus produced by the humification reaction accounts for a part of the excess sludge.

腐植リアクター５で生成した腐植汚泥の少なくとも一部は、腐植化汚泥槽６に導く。腐植化汚泥槽６は、図２と同様とするが浸漬型腐植リアクターとする。ただし、腐植ペレットおよび担持体９を混合状態あるいはサンドイッチ状態に充填して、微生物や微小動物が棲息しやすい容積を確保する。 At least a part of the humus sludge generated in the humus reactor 5 is led to the humus sludge tank 6. Humification sludge tank 6 is a similar to FIG. 2, submerged humus reactor. However, the humus pellets and the carrier 9 are filled in a mixed state or a sandwich state to secure a volume in which microorganisms and micro-animals are liable to live.

微小動物は、腐植汚泥を捕食する習性を有する原生動物や後生動物を言い、具体的にはミミズ、ヤスデ、ワラジムシ、ゾウリムシ、センチュウ、ミジンコなどが挙げられる。これらの微小動物の中には、陸上で棲息するのを好むものもいる。それを水中で棲息させるには、生存できるための水分、好気条件、ｐH、有機栄養分、多種多様の細菌などの条件を整える必要がある。例えばミミズの場合、腐植はカルボキシル基成分の多い腐植が好ましく、有機物は少量で浄化が進んでいること、細菌は多種多様に棲息していること、ｐHは中性を保つことによって、常にミミズを棲息させ、汚泥減量化に役立たせる。   A micro animal refers to a protozoan or metazoan that has the habit of preying on humus sludge, and specifically includes earthworms, millipedes, rotifers, paramecium, nematodes, daphnia and the like. Some of these micro-animals prefer to live on land. In order to make it live in water, it is necessary to prepare conditions such as moisture, aerobic conditions, pH, organic nutrients, and various bacteria for survival. For example, in the case of earthworms, humus is preferably humus with a high carboxyl group component, organic matter is being purified in small amounts, bacteria are inhabiting a wide variety, and pH is kept neutral, so that earthworms are always kept in good condition. Inspire and help reduce sludge.

腐植汚泥を、腐植化汚泥槽６に、通常、７〜１０日間、好ましくは約１０日間滞留させる。   The humus sludge is usually kept in the humus sludge tank 6 for 7 to 10 days, preferably about 10 days.

腐植化汚泥槽６における反応を図４の模式図を用いて説明する。腐植化汚泥槽６では、腐植リアクター５と同様の(1)異化、(2)同化、(3)自己酸化および(4)腐植化反応が促進され、腐植汚泥は一層減量化される。さらに、腐植化汚泥槽６に棲息するミミズなどの微小動物が、腐植汚泥を捕食する（以下、(5)捕食と呼ぶ）。ミミズは、腐植を栄養源として好むので、汚泥と共に捕食して、余剰汚泥の減量化に寄与する。   The reaction in the humus sludge tank 6 will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG. In the humus sludge tank 6, (1) catabolism, (2) assimilation, (3) auto-oxidation and (4) humification reaction similar to the humus reactor 5 are promoted, and the humus sludge is further reduced. Further, a minute animal such as an earthworm living in the humus sludge tank 6 prey on the humus sludge (hereinafter referred to as (5) predation). Earthworms prefer humus as a nutrient source, so they prey with sludge and contribute to reducing excess sludge.

腐植化汚泥槽６では、(1)〜(4)反応および(5)捕食によって、余剰汚泥は、腐植化汚泥槽の受け入れ量の２５〜３０％に減量化される（すなわち、７０〜７５％の削減）。   In the humus sludge tank 6, surplus sludge is reduced to 25 to 30% of the amount accepted by the humus sludge tank (that is, 70 to 75%) by (1) to (4) reaction and (5) predation. Reduction).

結局、本発明の方法は、腐植リアクター５および腐植化汚泥槽６を含む系全体によって、余剰汚泥を１＊（０．６〜０．７）＊（０．２５〜０．３）＝０．１５〜０．２１と、約２０％まで減量化することができる（すなわち、除去率８０％）。   Eventually, the method of the present invention allows excess sludge to be 1 * (0.6 to 0.7) * (0.25 to 0.3) = 0.0 by the entire system including the humus reactor 5 and the humus sludge tank 6. The amount can be reduced to 15 to 0.21 and about 20% (that is, the removal rate is 80%).

なお、腐植リアクター５で生成した腐植汚泥の少なくとも一部を、曝気槽２に返送するようにしてもよい。こうすると、腐植リアクター５内で増殖した土壌微生物が系全体に配分される結果、系全体の活性化と汚泥の改質がなされ、系全体の防・脱臭が図れるなどの効果が得られる。   Note that at least a part of the humus sludge generated in the humus reactor 5 may be returned to the aeration tank 2. In this way, the soil microorganisms grown in the humus reactor 5 are distributed to the entire system. As a result, the entire system is activated and sludge is reformed, and the entire system can be prevented and deodorized.

沈殿槽３に汚泥が多量累積して汚泥浮上が多いなどの場合には、沈殿槽３で発生する余剰汚泥の一部を、直に腐植化汚泥槽６に導いてもよい。   In the case where a large amount of sludge accumulates in the sedimentation tank 3 and the sludge floats up, a part of the excess sludge generated in the sedimentation tank 3 may be directly introduced to the humus sludge tank 6.

図５は、本発明の第二の実施態様に係わる汚泥減量化装置の概略図である。この実施態様は、図１の沈殿槽３の役割である活性汚泥の固液分離手段（図５では膜分離機７）を、曝気槽２内に納めたので、返送汚泥は生じない。この態様では、活性汚泥濃度を高くすることができる。活性汚泥濃度を高めると、自己酸化と腐植化が促進されるので、異化反応による有機物のCO2、H2Oへの無機化と捕食作用が一層進み、余剰汚泥は１５〜２０％へ減量化する。膜分離機７から出る処理水は、処理水槽８で滅菌などして放流される。 FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sludge reduction apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the activated sludge solid-liquid separation means (the membrane separator 7 in FIG. 5), which is the role of the settling tank 3 in FIG. 1, is housed in the aeration tank 2, so that no return sludge is produced. In this embodiment, the activated sludge concentration can be increased. When activated sludge concentration is increased, auto-oxidation and humification are promoted, so organic matter is converted to CO 2 and H 2 O by catabolism and predatory action further advances, and excess sludge is reduced to 15-20%. To do. The treated water discharged from the membrane separator 7 is discharged after being sterilized in the treated water tank 8.

上記第一、および第二の実施態様において、腐植化汚泥槽６に貯留される減量化された汚泥は、脱水化後、適宜、処分される。汚泥の脱水性能を示す指標としてCST（Capillary Suction Time）試験がある。このＣＳＴ試験は、ろ紙上の筒に少量の汚泥を入れ毛細管吸引現象により水分が吸引され円周方向に拡大して同心円の２点間を通過する時間を測定するものである。CST値が低いと脱水性が良く、CSTが高いと脱水困難となる。本発明の方法により得られる汚泥は、全固形物濃度TS当たりのCSTが５〜１２sec/%の範囲にあり、この値は脱水性が良いことを示している。   In the first and second embodiments, the reduced sludge stored in the humus sludge tank 6 is appropriately disposed after dehydration. There is a CST (Capillary Suction Time) test as an index showing the dewatering performance of sludge. In this CST test, a small amount of sludge is put into a tube on a filter paper, and the time for passing water between two points of concentric circles by absorbing water by the capillary suction phenomenon and expanding in the circumferential direction is measured. When the CST value is low, the dehydration is good, and when the CST is high, the dehydration is difficult. The sludge obtained by the method of the present invention has a CST per total solid concentration TS in the range of 5 to 12 sec /%, and this value indicates that the dewaterability is good.

汚泥の脱水ケーキの臭気は、通常のものより低く、かつ日数が経過してもかわらない。これは、腐植成分が汚泥の悪臭成分を化学反応で除去するともに、汚泥が腐植まで物質循環が進むと腐敗し難くなるためである。   The odor of the sludge dehydrated cake is lower than the normal one, and it does not matter even if the number of days has passed. This is because the humus component removes the malodorous component of the sludge by a chemical reaction, and it becomes difficult for the sludge to rot when the material circulation proceeds to the humus.

有機物を堆肥化する際の指標として、一般に陽イオン交換量（Cation Exchange Capacity、CEC）が使われている。CECが６０meq/１００g以上であれば、堆肥として充分に使用可能となる。従来の方法は、堆肥化のための特別な装置が必要であった。本発明の方法により得られる脱水ケーキは、堆肥化装置の手を借りずに、この基準を満たす堆肥に仕上がる。堆肥は、また、土壌に還元されると、大きなｐＨ緩衝作用、キレート反応、団粒構造の形成、生理活性機能、植物病原菌の抑制、植物生育障害の防止、保肥力、保水力、排水性の改善などの効果も期待できる。したがって、堆肥は、排水中に有害な重金属を含んでいない限り、肥料および／または土壌改良剤として有用である。   Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is generally used as an index for composting organic matter. If CEC is 60 meq / 100g or more, it can be used as compost. Conventional methods require special equipment for composting. The dehydrated cake obtained by the method of the present invention is finished into compost that satisfies this standard without the help of a composting apparatus. Compost, when reduced to soil, has a large pH buffering effect, chelation reaction, formation of aggregate structure, bioactive function, suppression of plant pathogens, prevention of plant growth disorder, fertilizer, water retention, drainage Improvements can be expected. Therefore, compost is useful as a fertilizer and / or soil conditioner as long as it does not contain harmful heavy metals in the drainage.

なお、上記第一および第二の実施態様は、本発明の減量化装置の例示であり、その他の変更や応用は本発明の技術的範囲に属する。例えば、本発明の汚泥減量化方法および装置を回分式やバッチ式で行うものも本発明に属する。   The first and second embodiments are examples of the weight reduction device of the present invention, and other changes and applications belong to the technical scope of the present invention. For example, the sludge reduction method and apparatus according to the present invention that are performed batchwise or batchwise also belong to the present invention.

以下、実施例および比較例を示して、本発明をより詳細に説明する。ただし、実施例は、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。
〔実施例１〕
図１において、沈殿槽３から発生する汚泥濃度８０００mg/ｌの余剰汚泥を、腐植リアクター５と腐植化汚泥汚泥槽６に通して減量化した。その際、腐植リアクター５での反応時間は、１２時間とし、腐植化汚泥槽６での滞留時間は、７〜１０日間とした。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the examples do not limit the technical scope of the present invention.
[Example 1]
In FIG. 1, surplus sludge with a sludge concentration of 8000 mg / l generated from the sedimentation tank 3 was passed through the humus reactor 5 and the humus sludge sludge tank 6 to reduce the amount. At that time, the reaction time in the humus reactor 5 was 12 hours, and the residence time in the humus sludge tank 6 was 7 to 10 days.

本発明の方法の汚泥減量効果を図６に示す。図６の縦軸は、沈殿槽３から抜き出した余剰汚泥濃度に対する腐植化汚泥槽６の汚泥濃度残存率を表し、一方、横軸は、好気性消化日数として、腐植化汚泥槽の運転時間を採用している。図６から腐植化汚泥槽６の汚泥残存率が約３０％（削減率７０％）を下回ったことがわかる。   The sludge reduction effect of the method of the present invention is shown in FIG. The vertical axis in FIG. 6 represents the residual rate of sludge concentration in the humus sludge tank 6 with respect to the excess sludge concentration extracted from the sedimentation tank 3, while the horizontal axis represents the operating time of the humus sludge tank as aerobic digestion days. Adopted. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the sludge residual rate in the humus sludge tank 6 was less than about 30% (reduction rate 70%).

また、腐植化汚泥槽６から抜き出した汚泥のCSTを測定した。その結果を、図７に示す。実験は３回行った。図７の結果に示すとおり、いずれの運転においても、汚泥のCSTは、容易に脱水処理可能な数値の範囲であった。   Moreover, CST of the sludge extracted from the humus sludge tank 6 was measured. The result is shown in FIG. The experiment was performed three times. As shown in the results of FIG. 7, in any operation, the CST of the sludge was within a range of values that can be easily dewatered.

次いで、脱水ケーキの臭気濃度を測定した。その結果を、図８に示す。本発明の方法による脱水ケーキは、無臭に近く、８日経過しても無臭のままであった。   Next, the odor concentration of the dehydrated cake was measured. The result is shown in FIG. The dehydrated cake according to the method of the present invention was almost odorless and remained odorless even after 8 days.

脱水ケーキの陽イオン交換容量（CEC)は、約７０meq/１００gと高い数値を示した。この数値は、堆肥としての使用できる基準値を充分上回るものであった。   The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the dehydrated cake was as high as about 70 meq / 100 g. This figure is well above the standard value that can be used as compost.

〔比較例１〕
比較のために、図１の装置から発生する余剰汚泥を腐植リアクターおよび腐植化汚泥槽に通さず、通常の曝気処理によって好気性消化させた。余剰汚泥の汚泥残存率を図６に示す。余剰汚泥は、９日後には約５０％まで減少した。しかし、その汚泥は、実施例１のものに比べて凝集性が悪く（図７）、脱水困難であった。また、脱水ケーキは、実施例１のものに比べて臭気が高く（図８）、８日経過後には腐敗して悪臭を放った。また、脱水ケーキの陽イオン交換量は、約１０meq/１００gと低く、堆肥として用いるには不十分であった。 [Comparative Example 1]
For comparison, surplus sludge generated from the apparatus of FIG. 1 was aerobically digested by ordinary aeration treatment without passing through the humus reactor and the humus sludge tank. Fig. 6 shows the sludge residual rate of excess sludge. Excess sludge decreased to about 50% after 9 days. However, the sludge was less cohesive than that of Example 1 (FIG. 7) and was difficult to dehydrate. In addition, the dehydrated cake had a higher odor than that of Example 1 (FIG. 8), and after 8 days, it rotted and gave off a foul odor. Further, the amount of cation exchange of the dehydrated cake was as low as about 10 meq / 100 g, which was insufficient for use as compost.

本発明に従う、腐植を用いた汚泥減量化装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the sludge reduction apparatus using humus according to this invention. 図１中の腐植リアクターの概略拡大図である。It is a schematic enlarged view of the humus reactor in FIG. 図１の装置の曝気槽および腐植リアクターにおける生物反応の概略図である。It is the schematic of the biological reaction in the aeration tank and humus reactor of the apparatus of FIG. 図１の装置の各槽で起きる汚泥増減反応を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the sludge increase / decrease reaction which occurs in each tank of the apparatus of FIG. 本発明の別の実施態様における、腐植を用いた汚泥減量化装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the sludge reduction | decrease apparatus using humus in another embodiment of this invention. 実施例１において、余剰汚泥の汚泥濃度残存率と好気性消化日数との関係を示すグラフである。In Example 1, it is a graph which shows the relationship between the sludge density | concentration residual rate of an excess sludge, and aerobic digestion days. 実施例１において、減量化した汚泥のCSTの経時変化を示すグラフである。In Example 1, it is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of CST of the sludge reduced. 実施例１において、減量化した脱水ケーキの臭気濃度の経時変化を示すグラフである。In Example 1, it is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the odor density | concentration of the dehydrated cake reduced. 従来の活性汚泥法の装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the apparatus of the conventional activated sludge method.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 調整槽
２ 曝気槽
３ 沈殿槽
４ 汚泥槽
５ 腐植リアクター
６ 腐植化汚泥槽
７ 膜分離機
８ 処理水槽
９ 腐植ペレットおよび担持体
１０ 散気手段
１１ ブロワー DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Adjustment tank 2 Aeration tank 3 Settling tank 4 Sludge tank 5 Humus reactor 6 Humusification sludge tank 7 Membrane separator 8 Treated water tank 9 Humic pellet and support body 10 Aeration means 11 Blower

Claims (4)

有機性排水を活性汚泥の存在下で曝気処理し、曝気後の排水を汚泥と処理水とに分離し、汚泥の少なくとも一部を、中段に腐植ペレットと担持体との組合せを装填し、かつ該担持体の下方に散気手段を備えた腐植リアクターに移送して腐植の存在下で６時間〜２日間反応させ、得られる腐植汚泥の少なくとも一部を、中段に腐植ペレットと担持体との組合せを混合状態あるいはサンドイッチ状態に充填して微生物や微小動物が棲息しやすい容積を確保し、かつ該担持体の下方に散気手段を備えた浸漬型の腐植汚泥化槽内に移送して腐植および微小動物の存在下で７〜１０日間反応および捕食させることからなる、腐植を用いた汚泥減量化方法。 Organic wastewater is aerated in the presence of activated sludge, the wastewater after aeration is separated into sludge and treated water, and at least a part of the sludge is loaded with a combination of humus pellets and carrier in the middle, and It is transferred to a humus reactor equipped with an air diffuser below the carrier and reacted for 6 hours to 2 days in the presence of humus, and at least a part of the obtained humus sludge is placed between the humus pellets and the carrier in the middle. Fill the combination into a mixed or sandwiched state to secure a volume where microorganisms and micro-animals can easily inhabit, and transfer to a submerged humus sludge tank equipped with a diffuser below the carrier. And a method for reducing sludge using humus, which comprises reacting and predating for 7 to 10 days in the presence of a minute animal. 有機性排水を活性汚泥の存在下で曝気する曝気手段と、曝気後の排水を汚泥と処理水とに分離する分離手段と、汚泥の少なくとも一部を腐植の存在下で反応させる腐植リアクターであって、その中段に腐植ペレットと担持体との組合せを装填し、かつ該担持体の下方に散気手段を備えた前記腐植リアクターと、腐植化した汚泥の少なくとも一部を腐植および微小動物の存在下で反応および捕食させる浸漬型の腐植化汚泥槽であって、その中段に腐植ペレットと担持体との組合せを混合状態あるいはサンドイッチ状態に充填して微生物や微小動物が棲息しやすい容積を確保し、かつ該担持体の下方に散気手段を備えた前記腐植汚泥化槽とからなる、腐植を用いた汚泥減量化装置。 An aeration means for aeration of organic wastewater in the presence of activated sludge, a separation means for separating the wastewater after aeration into sludge and treated water, and a humus reactor that reacts at least part of the sludge in the presence of humus. The humus reactor in which a combination of humus pellets and a carrier is loaded in the middle of the humus and a diffusive means is provided below the carrier, and at least a part of the humated sludge is present in the presence of humus and microanimals. It is a submerged humus sludge tank that reacts and predisposes underneath, and a combination of humus pellets and a carrier is filled in a mixed or sandwiched state in the middle to secure a volume where microorganisms and micro-animals can easily inhabit. And the sludge reduction apparatus using humus which consists of the said humus sludge tank equipped with the aeration means under this support body . 前記腐植汚泥化槽のｐHは、中性であることを特徴とする、請求項２に記載の腐植を用いた汚泥減量化装置。 The sludge reduction apparatus using humus according to claim 2, wherein the pH of the humus sludge tank is neutral . 前記微小動物が、ミミズなどの後生動物から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項２または３に記載の腐植を用いた汚泥減量化装置。 It said micro animal is at least one selected from metazoans such as earthworm, sludge reduction apparatus using humus according to claim 2 or 3.
JP2003405493A 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 Sludge reduction method and apparatus using humus Expired - Lifetime JP4417087B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003405493A JP4417087B2 (en) 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 Sludge reduction method and apparatus using humus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003405493A JP4417087B2 (en) 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 Sludge reduction method and apparatus using humus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2005161233A JP2005161233A (en) 2005-06-23
JP4417087B2 true JP4417087B2 (en) 2010-02-17

Family

ID=34728147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003405493A Expired - Lifetime JP4417087B2 (en) 2003-12-04 2003-12-04 Sludge reduction method and apparatus using humus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4417087B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011101879A (en) * 2009-10-14 2011-05-26 Nanshin Kankyo Kanri Center Kk System for treating sewage and/or sludge
CN101857346B (en) * 2010-05-24 2012-01-18 北京龙威昌生物科技有限公司 Biological processing technology of earthworms contained in municipal sludge
JP6393491B2 (en) * 2014-02-28 2018-09-19 クボタ環境サ−ビス株式会社 Water treatment equipment and biological treatment method of organic waste water
JP5850097B2 (en) * 2014-07-01 2016-02-03 栗田工業株式会社 Biological treatment method and biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater
CN107746104B (en) * 2017-09-30 2021-10-22 延边大学 Bioactive water and preparation method thereof
CN110655293A (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-01-07 南京师范大学 Earthworm reactor with frame composite structure and method for treating sludge by earthworm reactor
JP7345389B2 (en) * 2019-12-26 2023-09-15 クボタ環境エンジニアリング株式会社 Water treatment equipment and water treatment method
JP7370080B2 (en) 2021-04-22 2023-10-27 Ｏｆｆｉｃｅ Ｓｕｓｕｍｕｎａｒｉ株式会社 Advanced processing equipment
JP7449578B2 (en) 2021-05-19 2024-03-14 Ｏｆｆｉｃｅ Ｓｕｓｕｍｕｎａｒｉ株式会社 Use of water treatment equipment and rotary mineral extractors
CN114988632B (en) * 2022-04-12 2023-01-20 哈尔滨工业大学 Domestic sewage sludge synchronous ecological treatment integrated equipment and treatment method
CN114890640A (en) * 2022-04-20 2022-08-12 钟林华 Sludge reduction equipment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2005161233A (en) 2005-06-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7332084B2 (en) Process for biological treatment of organic wastewater and apparatus therefor
US3959125A (en) Treatment and disposal of sewage sludge
US7156999B2 (en) Methods and apparatus for treating animal manure
US7879589B2 (en) Micro-electron acceptor phosphorus accumulating organisms
CA2503166C (en) Low oxygen biologically mediated nutrient removal
CA2381392A1 (en) Aerobic treatment of liquids to remove nutrients and control odors
JP4892917B2 (en) Biological treatment method and apparatus for organic wastewater
JP2005211879A (en) Biological treatment method for organic waste water
JP4417087B2 (en) Sludge reduction method and apparatus using humus
Rai et al. Influence of sludge disintegration by high pressure homogenizer on microbial growth in sewage sludge: an approach for excess sludge reduction
CA1042225A (en) Process for conditioning sewage sludge
US8298416B2 (en) Apparatus for deodorizing sewage treatment plant sludge by using native microorganisms
JP3059945B2 (en) Improvement method of purification treatment equipment
CN112759430A (en) Method for treating and comprehensively utilizing pig raising wastes
JP2010069482A (en) Biological treatment method for organic waste water
KR19980019537A (en) (N) and phosphorus (P) from the drainage disposal in the rotating disc process,
JP7345389B2 (en) Water treatment equipment and water treatment method
KR100502180B1 (en) Treatment method of sewage for converting sewage into an organic compost
KR100350051B1 (en) Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by metabolism of aquatic plant and method for efficiently treating wastewater by using aquatic plant as electron donor in denitrification reaction
JP2022032306A (en) Water treatment installation and water treatment method
Thomas et al. Aeration and water hyacinths in waste stabilization ponds
CA2481867A1 (en) Methods and apparatus for treating animal manure
KR100391136B1 (en) Bacteria group of bacillus spp in treating equipment and method for sewage and waste water
Gan A prototype swine waste treatment system in Hawaii
JP2003181488A (en) Method and device for treating organic waste water

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20060705

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20090330

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20090731

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20091029

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20091030

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20091120

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20091125

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 4417087

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121204

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121204

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131204

Year of fee payment: 4

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term