JP4401443B2 - 自動車用の駆動機列 - Google Patents

自動車用の駆動機列 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4401443B2
JP4401443B2 JP54869499A JP54869499A JP4401443B2 JP 4401443 B2 JP4401443 B2 JP 4401443B2 JP 54869499 A JP54869499 A JP 54869499A JP 54869499 A JP54869499 A JP 54869499A JP 4401443 B2 JP4401443 B2 JP 4401443B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
transmission
electric machine
gear
internal combustion
combustion engine
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Expired - Lifetime
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JP54869499A
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JP2002503183A (ja
Inventor
レフラー ユルゲン
ボルツ マーティン−ペーター
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE19849156A external-priority patent/DE19849156A1/de
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • Y10S903/951Assembly or relative location of components

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Description

背景技術
本発明は、請求項1に発明の上位概念して規定した形式の、自動車用の駆動機列に関する。
自動車用の駆動機列が変速機と内燃機関と、前記の変速機と内燃機関との間に配置されたクラッチとから成っている場合、前記クラッチは変速ギヤ段の変換時に、内燃機関によって発生されて変速機に伝達される牽引力を中断する。この原理に起因したトラクション損失は、走行安全性及び走行快適性に不都合な影響を及ぼす。
発明の効果
前記の背景技術に対して、請求項1の特徴部に記載した手段を備えた本発明の自動車用の駆動機列の利点は、内燃機関の牽引力が変速ギヤ段の変換のためにクラッチによって中断される場合に牽引力が1つの装置によって伝達されることである。これによって走行安全性と走行快適性が高められる。牽引力は電気機械を介して、特に回転可能に支承されたステータによって伝達するのが取り分け有利であり、しかも内燃機関によって駆動されるロータが回転運動させられる。この場合特に簡単な方式でこのプロセスを制御装置によって制御することが可能である。このステータを変速機出力軸と直結するのが特に効果的である。ロータが内燃機関の出力軸と捩れ不能に固着結合されている場合には、例えばベルトが万一スリップしても不利な効果が生じることはない。ロータが固定変速比を介して内燃機関の出力軸と結合されている場合には、駆動機列の特別の所与情況に適合された変速比を選択することが可能である。電気機械が、車内搭載電気回路網に給電するため及び/又は内燃機関を始動するために使用される場合、従来このために必要とされた慣用の構成要素を設ける必要はなくなる。電気機械内になお付加的なステータとロータが組込まれる場合には、この付加的なロータは一方では変速機入力軸の回転数の同期化のため、また他方では内燃機関始動を支援するために使用される。内燃機関を始動するためには、変速機出力軸を、位置固定装置を介してロックするのが有利である。電気機械を変速機入力軸の周りに配置すれば、半径方向の構造スペースが特に節減される。可変変速比を有する機械的な変速機は、牽引力を伝達する装置を格別堅牢に構成することができる。
図面
第1図は電気機械を備えた自動車用の駆動機列の概略的な構成図である。
第2図は第1変化態様の電気機械を備えた駆動機列の概略的な構成図である。
第3図は第1変化態様の電気機械を備えた駆動機列の種々異なった回転数の数値表である。
第4図は第2変化態様の電気機械を備えた駆動機列の概略的な構成図である。
実施例の説明
次に図面に基づいて本発明の実施例を詳説する。
第1図には自動車用の駆動機列10が図示されており、該駆動機列は内燃機関12を有している。内燃機関12は出力軸14を介して、ギヤ変速時に牽引力を中断するためのクラッチ16と連結されている。クラッチ16には、前記出力軸14と軸心を整合して中空軸18が接続している。該中空軸18は、クラッチ16の外側部分に固着結合されており、これによって中空軸18は、内燃機関12の出力軸14と捩れ不能に結合されている。更に中空軸18に対して同心的に変速機入力軸20が配置されている。該変速機入力軸20はクラッチ16と作用結合されており、つまりクラッチ16が閉じた場合には牽引力は内燃機関12から変速機入力軸20に伝達可能であり、またクラッチ16が開いた場合には内燃機関12によって発生された牽引力は中断されている。
更に変速機入力軸20の周りには、電気機械22を有する1つの装置が配置されている。電気機械22は実質的に第1ロータ24及び、該第1ロータと電磁式に協働する回転可能に支承された第1ステータ26から成っている。第1ロータ24は中空軸18の外周に固着されている。従って第1ロータ24は内燃機関12の出力軸14と捩れ不能に結合されており、その限りでは内燃機関12によって駆動される。
電気機械22の更なる構成部分が第2ロータ28であり、該第2ロータは第1ロータ24に接続しかつ変速機入力軸20と捩れ不能に結合されている。第2ロータ28の周りに第2ステータ30が配置されており、該第2ステータは第2ロータ28と電磁的に相互に作用し合う。第1ステータ26と第2ステータ30はこの場合、捩れ不能に相互にかつ別の中空軸32とも結合されており、該中空軸は変速機入力軸20の周りに配置されている。中空軸32の外周には、有利には高速に変換する歯車対34の第1歯車33が配置されている。歯車対34の第2歯車35は、第1歯車33よりも小さな直径を有し、かつ変速機入力軸20に対して平行に配置された変速機出力軸36の外周に配置されている。このようにして第1ステータ26及び第2ステータ30は変速機出力軸36と連結されており、特に、より大きく形成された第1ステータ26は変速機出力軸36と協働する。変速機入力軸20と変速機出力軸36は、符号38で総体的に示した変速機の主要な構成部分であり、しかも本実施例では自動変速装置が図示されている。従って該自動変速装置は、機能及び構造の点でそれ自体公知の複数のギヤ変速段を有する多段式変速装置であり、前記の各変速ギヤ段は、互いに噛合う歯車対40によって形成される。その場合、互いに噛合う歯車対の一方の各歯車が、変速機入力軸20又は変速機出力軸36に固着結合されているのに対して、他方の各歯車は遊嵌歯車として変速機入力軸20又は変速機出力軸36に支承されている。個々の変速ギヤ段を切換えるために各遊嵌歯車は、変速機入力軸20又は変速機出力軸36上を軸平行に可動の切換えユニット42を介して捩れ不能に結合される。その限りでは切換えユニット42は、内燃機関12によって発生された牽引力の伝達を中断することのできるクラッチである。この切換えユニット42は例えば噛合いクラッチ、切換え爪又はシンクロナイジング・クラッチもしくはシンクロナイジング・スリーブである。各切換えユニット42は夫々1つの変速ギヤ調整器44によって作動されるが、図面では変速ギヤ調整器44は1つしか図示されていない。また1つの変速ギヤ調整器44との適当な機械的な作動結合を介して複数の切換えユニット42を作動することも可能である。
変速機出力軸36は自動車の1本の車軸46と作動結合している。該車軸46自体は2つの駆動車輪48を駆動する。車軸46の一方の側には、符号50で略示したロッキング装置が図示されており、この場合のロッキング装置は所謂ヒル・ホルダー(後ずさり防止装置)である。
駆動機列10を制御するために制御装置52が設けられている。該制御装置52は複数の入力点54を有し、該入力点には、例えばエンジン回転数、伝達トルク、速度、アクセルペダル位置、ギヤ・シフト・レバー位置、クラッチ状態、車内搭載電気回路網のために消費されるエネルギー等のような信号が到来する。出力点56を介して内燃機関12、クラッチ16、電気機械22、変速ギヤ調整器44、ロッキング装置50等々が制御される。
変速ギヤが入れられて自動車が発進する場合、内燃機関12から牽引力は出力軸14、閉じたクラッチ16及び変速機入力軸20を経て変速機38へ伝達される。互いに噛合う歯車対40を介して牽引力は変速機出力軸36へ伝達され、其処から車軸46へ、かつ最終的に駆動車輪48に伝達される。変速ギヤ段の変換時に先ずクラッチ16が開かれる。これに伴って牽引力は中断される。これによって自動車の加速度が変化する。特に加速動作時において、変速ギヤ段変換中に生じる自動車の減速作用は持続的である。しかしながらこのような不都合な事態は、電気機械22の使用によって防止される。クラッチ16が開離されても内燃機関12は更に第1ロータ24を駆動し、該第1ロータ自体は、回転可能に支承された第1ステータ26と電磁的に相互に作用し合う。第1ロータ24及び第1ステータ26の巻線は制御装置52によってこの場合、動力を第1ロータ24から第1ステータ26へ伝達するように作動制御される。第1ステータ26及び、該第1ステータと結合された第2ステータ30は、変速機入力軸20の軸線を中心として回転運動させられる。これによって中空軸32及び互いに噛合う歯車対34も回転する。従って変速機出力軸36も駆動され、究極的には車軸46を介して駆動車輪48が駆動される。制御装置52による電気機械22の作動制御はその場合、変速ギヤ変換中に自動車の加速度の正負記号を変化させないように有利に行なわれる。変速ギヤ変換時に牽引力を中断するクラッチ16を備えた自動車用のこの駆動機列10では、要するに変速機38の出力側へ牽引力を伝達するために、例えば電気機械22と歯車対34とを有する装置が設けられている。変速機38の橋絡的な直結作用によって、変速ギヤ変換中における走行安全性及び走行快適性が著しく向上される。
前記の変速ギヤ変換中、第2ステータ30と、変速機入力軸20の外周に固着配置された第2ロータ28は、該第2ロータ28が変速機入力軸20を、新たに入れられる変速ギヤの所要同期回転数に加速もしくは減速するように、制御装置52によって作動制御される。このようにして切換えユニット42は、シンクロナイザーを最早必要としないので、著しく単純に構成することができる。
自動車の走行中、変速機出力軸36は回転する。歯車対34は、第1ステータ26から見れば高速に変換するので、このことは逆に、変速機出力軸36から見れば低速に変換することを意味している。これによってステータ26が、内燃機関12と直結されたロータ24の回転数よりも低い回転速度を有することが保証されている。この回転数差によって電気機械22は、自動車の車内搭載電気回路網に給電するために使用される。この場合有利なことには、自動車が停車している場合にも給電が保証されていることである。それというのは第1ステータ26の回転数は零に等しいのに、第1ロータ24は、内燃機関12によって発生された回転数で回転しているからである。それぞれ必要とされる電気エネルギーを充足させるために、このために第1ロータ24は制御装置52によって、例えば励磁電流で負荷される。
電気機械22は内燃機関12を始動するためにも使用される。先ずロッキング装置50によって、変速機出力軸36の回転が阻止される。その場合クラッチ16が開離されているので、制御装置52によって電気機械22の第1ロータ24は、内燃機関12内に燃焼プロセスが始まるまで、回転運動させられる。付加的に内燃機関12の始動を、第2ロータ28によって発生されるインパルス始動によって支援することも可能である。このために第2ロータ28によって変速機入力軸20は、変速ギヤを入れることなしに加速される。いまクラッチ16が閉じられると、変速機入力軸20及び第2ロータ28の回転インパルスが内燃機関12の始動のために利用される。
電気機械22の変化態様も当然考えられる。例えば第1ステータ26と第2ステータ30をただ1つのステータに纏めることも可能である。これによって2つの別体の巻線の必要がなくなる。しかし第2ステータ30が使用される場合には、該第2ステータ30を第1ステータ26から減結合して、例えば回転不能に支承することも可能である。これによって例えば第2ロータ28と第2ステータ30との間の回転数差が大きくなり、それに伴って電気的効率も向上する。このために歯車対34の一方の歯車の歯列を第1ステータ26の外周に形成することもでき、これは前述の説明の場合も同然である。
切換えユニット42がシンクロナイザを備えた形式の変速機38が使用される場合、かつこのような構成が例えばスペース上の理由から必要である場合、第2ロータ28及び第2ステータ30を省くことも可能である。シンクロナイザの存在によって、変速機入力軸20の回転数を、第2ロータ28によってシンクロナイジング回転数に適合させる必要は無くなる。
変速機入力軸20の周りに電気機械22を配置することは無条件に必要という訳ではない。半径方向スペースが充分存在している場合には、電気機械22の第1ロータ24は、固定変速比を介して、例えばベルトとベルト車とによって、出力軸14に連結されてもよい。従ってベルト車は、駆動機列10の特別の所与事情に適合した変速比で選択することができる。また第1ステータ26と変速機出力軸36との連結を別の態様で実施することも可能である。例えばステータ26の回転運動を、変速機出力軸36と駆動車輪48との間の何らかの構成部分上でベルトを介して行なうことも可能である。ただ重要な点は、電気機械22による牽引力が変速機38の出力側へ伝達されることであり、従って変速機38が変速ギヤ変換中に橋絡され、更に牽引力が変速機の出力側へ伝達されることである。
変速機38の出力側への牽引力の伝達機能は、また別の装置によって達成することもできる。内燃機関12の出力軸14によって変速機を、例えば二重円錐円盤形巻掛け式変速機の形式で無段階に可変の変速比で駆動し、該巻掛け式変速機も同じく出力側で変速機出力軸36に作用するようにすることも考えられる。通常の走行運転中には、変速機が無段階に可変の変速比で、負荷を伝達することなく一緒に空転するように、変速比が制御装置52によって調整される。これによって変速ギヤの変換時には変速機は、自動車が、その速度を不連続に変化させることなく、更に牽引力を受けるのに必要な変速比を、すでに有している。しかしながらこの場合、無段階に可変の変速比を有する変速機のために付加的なクラッチが必要である。さもないと停車時及び内燃機関12の運転中に牽引力が伝達されるからである。
第2図には、変化態様による電気機械22aを備えた駆動機列10aが図示されている。電気機械22aのロータ58は、変速機入力軸20の周りに配置された中空軸60を有している。電気機械22aのステータ62は例えば変速機ケーシングに捩れ不能に固着されている。前記中空軸60上には、遊星歯車装置66として構成された分岐伝動装置の太陽歯車64が配置されており、これによって電気機械22aのロータ58は太陽歯車64と結合されている。遊星歯車装置66に代えて、別の循環式歯車伝動装置を分岐伝動装置として設けることも可能である。従って電気機械22aは遊星歯車装置66と協働する。電気機械22aと遊星歯車装置66は装置21aの構成部分である。太陽歯車64は、遊星歯車装置66の遊星キャリア70に配置された複数の遊星歯車68と噛合っている。遊星キャリア70は変速機入力軸20と捩れ不能に固着結合されている。或いは択一的に、遊星キャリア70を内燃機関の出力軸14と結合しておくことも可能である。遊星歯車68が循環する、遊星歯車装置66の中空歯車72は、変速機入力軸20の外周に配置された中空軸74と結合されている。該中空軸74の外周には、同じく歯車対34の歯車33も配置されている。従って中空歯車72は変速機出力軸36に作用する。更に駆動機列10aの変速機38内にはパーキング・スプラグ76も設けられている。
ロータ58の回転数nについては次式が当て嵌まる:
=(1+a)×nGe−a×n
但し、式中
はロータ58の回転数、
Geは変速機入力軸20の回転数、
は中空歯車72の回転数、
aは循環式歯車伝動装置として構成された分岐伝動装置の標準変速比である。
遊星歯車装置66の標準変速比aについては次式が当て嵌まる:
a=Z/Z
但し、式中
は中空歯車72の歯数、
は太陽歯車64の歯数である。
従ってロータ20の回転数は次式の通りになる。
=(1+Z/Z)×nGe−Z/Z×n
中空歯車72の回転数nは、出力取出し段として働く歯車対34の変速比に関連しており、その場合、歯車33は歯数Z33、歯車35は歯数Z35を有している。これから次の変速比iが生じる:
i=Z35/Z33
更に中空歯車72の回転数nは車両速度に関連しており、該車両速度は、変速ギヤを入れた場合に回転数nGeに対して、変速ギヤに関連した固定的な関係にある。車両のモータライズ化に応じて歯車対35の変速比iを選択することが可能である。
変速ギヤの変換時、内燃機関12によって発生された牽引力は変速機38において中断される。変速機38内における切換えユニット42と遊嵌歯車との捩れ不能な結合を変速ギヤ調整器44による切換えユニット42のシフトによって断つことによって、牽引力は中断される。ところで変速ギヤの変換時、牽引力は遊星キャリア70を介して導かれる。このためにクラッチ16は閉じられている。内燃機関12からトルクとして作用する牽引力は遊星キャリア70内へ導入される。同時に制御装置52は電気機械22aを制御し、該電気機械は、トルクとして作用する牽引力も発生させる。内燃機関12のトルクと電気機械22aのトルクと中空歯車72に作用するトルクとの和は零である。これに伴って内燃機関12のトルクは、電気機械22aによって支援されて変速機出力軸へ導かれる。従って変速機出力軸36が駆動され、かつ究極的には車軸46を介して駆動車輪48も駆動される。ロータ58、ひいては電気機械22aの回転数nは、変速ギヤの変換中に自動車の加速度が全く又は僅かしか変化しないように制御装置52によって影響を受ける。特に加速度の正負記号は、駆動機列10aを弛緩させないために変化してはならない。駆動機列10aの緊張によって、内燃機関12による振動及び衝撃が惹起されることはない。
電気機械22aが僅かな出力を得るように設計されている場合、内燃機関12のトルクが著しく高いと、電気機械22aが全トルクを伝達できない事態が生じることがある。この場合、内燃機関12のトルク制御装置52によって減少される。第4図の表では、電気機械22aの回転数n及び電気機械22aによって供給されるトルクが、慣用の駆動機列10aの具体的な変速比に基づいて例示されている。そのためのパラメータは、遊星歯車装置66の標準変速比a、歯車対34の変速比i、変速機入力軸20の回転数nGeを示した1欄、走行中の車両における変速ギヤ段1〜5の変速比を示した5欄、及び停車中の車両における変速機出力軸の回転数nGaが零になることを示す1欄である。
変速ギヤ段1〜5の数値の下及び停車中の車両の下には夫々、電気機械22aに結果的に生じる回転数nが示されている。例えば変速機入力軸の回転数nGeが2400rpmの場合に、第2速段から第3速段へ変速を行なおうとすれば、第2速段において電気機械22aは8700rpmの回転数nで回転している。6kWの出力を有する電気機械はその場合、内燃機関12のトルク21Nmを支援することができる。内燃機関12のトルクがそれ以上に大きい場合には、トルクを前記数値に減少する必要がある。電気機械22aはそのトルクをこの場合、内燃機関12のトルクを支援するために役立てる。従って変速機38は、第2速段を外せるように橋絡されている。内燃機関12のトルクをやや低下することによって、変速機入力軸20の回転数は適合される。電気機械22aは、変速機38が切換えユニット42又はクラッチによって切換えられた時点に、遊星歯車装置66を介して、電気機械22aのトルクと内燃機関12のトルクを変速機出力軸36へ導く。従って牽引力の中断は切換え中には行なわれない。それというのは電気機械22aのトルクと内燃機関12のトルクは切換え中には維持されたままだからである。
駆動機列10aを適当に設計した場合には、クラッチ16を省くことも可能である。始動のために必要な牽引力は、内燃機関12によって発生された牽引力を利用しつつ電気機械22aによって遊星歯車装置66を介して変速機出力軸36へ伝達される。但し、この伝達は少なくとも、第1速段の同期回転数に達するまでである。
第4図に示した駆動機列10bの電気機械22bでは、ロータ58用の中空軸を省くことが可能である。このために装置21bの電気機械22bは、内燃機関12から離隔した方の変速機入力軸20の端部に配置されている。遊星歯車装置66は、変速機38と電気機械22bとの間に配置されている。中空軸78と切換えユニット42とを介して遊星歯車装置66の中空歯車72は歯車対34と連結可能である。変速ギヤ段の変速比間で電気機械22bはその回転数を切換えることが可能である。これによって電気機械は、比較的狭い回転数範囲に設計することができるので有利である。内燃機関12の始動時には、ロッキング装置50又はパーキング・スプラグ76によって位置を固定的に確保することを省くことが可能である。
以上述べた以外にも有利な実施形態を択一的に選択することが可能である。例えばロータ58を遊星キャリア70と結合し、内燃機関12によって太陽歯車64又は中空歯車72を駆動することも可能である。その場合は遊星歯車装置66のその他の構成要素が適当に交換されねばならない。

Claims (7)

  1. 変速機(38)の変速機入力軸(20)と変速機出力軸(36)との間で牽引力を変速ギヤ段の変換時に中断するために少なくとも1つのクラッチ(42)を備え、牽引力が内燃機関(12)から変速機(38)に伝達され、変速機(38)において牽引力がクラッチ(42)を用いて中断された場合に変速機(38)の変速機出力軸(36)に変速機入力軸(20)を橋絡して牽引力を伝達するための装置(21,21a,21b)が設けられている形式の自動車用の駆動機列において、牽引力を伝達するための装置(21,21a,21b)が電気機械(22,22a,22b)を有し、該電気機械(22,22a,22b)が、回転可能に支承された、変速機出力軸(36)に作用する少なくとも1つの第1のステータ(26)と、前記少なくとも第1のステータ(26)と協働すると共に内燃機関(12)により駆動される少なくとも1つの第1のロータ(24)とを有しており、電気機械(22)が、第2ステータ(30)と、該第2ステータ(30)と協働すると共に変速機入力軸(20)に捩れ不能に固着結合された第2ロータ(28)とを有し、しかも前記電気機械(22)が、前記変速機入力軸(20)の回転数の同期化のために使用可能であることを特徴とする、自動車用の駆動機列。
  2. 少なくとも第1ロータ(24)が、内燃機関(12)の出力軸(14)に捩れ不能に固着結合されている、請求項1記載の駆動機列。
  3. 少なくとも第1ロータ(24)が固定伝達比を介して、内燃機関(12)の出力軸(14)と結合されている、請求項1又は2記載の駆動機列。
  4. 電気機械(22)が、自動車の車内搭載電気回路網に給電するために使用される、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の駆動機列。
  5. 電気機械(22)が内燃機関(12)を始動するために使用される、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の駆動機列。
  6. 変速機出力軸(36)の回転を防止するための位置固定装置(50,76)が設けられている、請求項1からまでのいずれか1項記載の駆動機列。
  7. 電気機械(22)が変速機入力軸(20)の周りに配置されている、請求項1からまでのいずれか1項記載の駆動機列。
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