JP4388014B2 - アンテナ - Google Patents
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- JP4388014B2 JP4388014B2 JP2005365825A JP2005365825A JP4388014B2 JP 4388014 B2 JP4388014 B2 JP 4388014B2 JP 2005365825 A JP2005365825 A JP 2005365825A JP 2005365825 A JP2005365825 A JP 2005365825A JP 4388014 B2 JP4388014 B2 JP 4388014B2
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Description
一般的に、携帯情報端末のアンテナとしては、構造の簡単なモノポールアンテナが採用される。モノポールアンテナは、使用する周波数をfcとした時、空間波長λ(=c/fc;cは光速)の1/4の長さのアンテナ素子を用い、携帯情報端末のグラウンドをそのアンテナ地板とした構成のアンテナである。図7に、モノポールアンテナの構成図を示す。このモノポールアンテナの物理的長さは、アンテナ形状が直線状の場合、例えば日本のUHF帯(中心周波数fc=620MHz)では約140mmとなる。なお、アンテナ形状をヘリカル状にすることで、アンテナ長を短縮することが可能である。
しかし、モノポールアンテナの基部はアンテナの共振モードにおいて最も電流分布が大きい箇所であるため、そこに装荷されたリアクタンス素子の高周波抵抗34(図9(c)参照)によって電力損失が大きくなり、その結果アンテナ利得が低下してしまうという問題があることが知られている。
同図(a)において、アンテナ素子11は、3本の棒状の導体12a〜12cとその間に設けられた2つの高周波リレースイッチ131によって構成される。高周波リレースイッチ131には、アンテナ基部内に設けられたスイッチ制御回路16からの制御線35が接続されている。このアンテナ素子11は、高周波リレースイッチ131を適宜ON/OFFすることによって、その物理的な長さをA1、A2、A3のように切り替えることが可能である。この素子長切り替えによって、対応する3つの周波数に当該モノポールアンテナの共振周波数を同調させることができる。
なお、同図(b)に示すようにFET(電界効果トランジスタ)スイッチ132を使った構成や、その他高周波MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)スイッチを使った構成とすることもある。
上記の方法では、高周波リレースイッチ131やFETスイッチ132はアンテナ素子の中間部に設けられているので、これらスイッチ自体を流れるアンテナ共振電流は比較的(図9(c)の高周波抵抗を流れる電流と比べて)小さい。よって、スイッチのON抵抗による電力損失は小さくなるため、アンテナ利得の低下は少ない。
また、制御線35の途中に高インピーダンス素子を挿入して電流の誘起を防止することも考えられるが、構造が複雑となり、当該素子による電力損失が増加することから、その実用化は難しかった。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態による周波数可変アンテナの電気的な構成図である。同図において、アンテナ素子11は3本の導体12a〜12cから構成され、各導体間にはスイッチ部13と光信号処理部14がそれぞれ1つずつ設けられている。各スイッチ部13は光信号処理部14に電気的に接続され、また各光信号処理部14はアンテナ基部に設けられたスイッチ制御回路16と光導波路17によって光学的に接続される。
各スイッチ部13は、スイッチ制御回路16による制御を受けてスイッチのON/OFF切り替えを行う。この切り替え制御のための制御信号は、スイッチ制御回路16で生成されて同回路内に設けたLED166(発光ダイオード、図5参照)から光信号として送出され、光導波路17を通って光信号処理部14へ伝達されて光−電気変換された後、スイッチ部13に入力される。
なお、このスイッチモジュール19のチップサイズはおよそ5mm角程度の大きさであり、アンテナ周波数における波長に対して十分に小さいため、アンテナの性能には影響を与えない。
同図において、受光ダイオード141は、スイッチ制御回路16から送出された光信号を受信して、光−電気変換を行う。変換された電気信号は整流ダイオード145によって整流され、これによって電力が取り出される。この電力は、光信号処理部14およびスイッチ部13の内部電源に利用される。変換された電気信号の交流成分は波形整形部142によって波形整形され、クロック抽出部144によってクロックが抽出される。また、波形整形後の信号はデータ受信部143に入力され、抽出されたクロックによってシフトレジスタにラッチされてアドレス検出とデータの抽出が行われる。こうして、受信した制御信号からスイッチ部13に対するON/OFF命令が判定されて、その結果が出力される。
光信号処理部14から入力される前記のON/OFF命令に従ってスイッチ133が開閉されると、それに応じて高周波リレースイッチ131やFETスイッチ132が開状態または閉状態となる。これにより、各導体12a〜12cが互いに電気的に接続され、あるいはその接続が解除され、アンテナ素子11の長さが変化する。
データ生成部163は、各スイッチ部13のON/OFFを指定する情報を受け取ると予め定められた形式に従って制御データを生成し、それをシフトレジスタ164にセットする。シフトレジスタ164は、データ転送制御部162からデータの転送が指示されると、セットされた制御データからクロック生成部161のクロックによってシリアルデータ列を生成して、LED駆動部165へ出力する。当該シリアルデータは、LED駆動部165により駆動されるLED166によって光信号に変換され、光導波路17に送出される。なお、LED166に代えてレーザダイオード(半導体レーザ)を利用することもできる。
例えば、アンテナ素子11を構成している各導体の構成は、図2に示したようなプリントパターン形成されたものに限定されず、バルクの棒状やヘリカル状の形状をしていてもよい。さらに、アンテナ素子11の全体としての形状も、図1や図2に示したような直線形状に限定されず、平面形状など任意の形状のアンテナの一部を電気的に切り離したり、接続したりするようにすることが可能である。
Claims (1)
- アンテナ素子の一部をなす複数の導体と、
前記複数の導体の間に設けられ、導体間を電気的に接続または切断するスイッチと、
光信号によって前記スイッチを操作する光制御回路と、
を備え、
前記光制御回路は、
前記アンテナ素子から離れた位置に設けられ、前記スイッチを制御するための光信号を送出する制御手段と、
前記アンテナ素子の近傍に設けられ、前記制御手段から送られた光信号を受信して電気信号に変換し、該電気信号を整流して電力を取り出すとともに、該電気信号の交流成分を波形整形した信号に基づいて前記スイッチを接続または切断させる光信号処理手段と、
前記制御手段と前記光信号処理手段を結ぶ光導波路と、
を備え、
前記光信号処理手段は、
前記電気信号を整流する整流ダイオード及び該整流ダイオードのカソードと接地電位間に接続されたコンデンサからなる電力取出手段と、
前記電気信号の交流成分を波形整形する波形整形手段、前記波形整形された信号からクロックを抽出するクロック抽出手段、及び、前記波形整形された信号を前記抽出されたクロックに従いシフトレジスタにラッチして前記スイッチに対する接続・切断制御データを抽出するデータ受信手段からなるスイッチ制御手段と、
を備える
ことを特徴とするアンテナ。
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JP2005365825A JP4388014B2 (ja) | 2005-12-20 | 2005-12-20 | アンテナ |
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JP2005365825A JP4388014B2 (ja) | 2005-12-20 | 2005-12-20 | アンテナ |
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JP2007174017A JP2007174017A (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
JP4388014B2 true JP4388014B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
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JP7356000B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-14 | 2023-10-04 | ミツミ電機株式会社 | アンテナ装置 |
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