JP4386337B2 - Automatic drying method of leaf tobacco using automatic drying program - Google Patents

Automatic drying method of leaf tobacco using automatic drying program Download PDF

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JP4386337B2
JP4386337B2 JP2003300629A JP2003300629A JP4386337B2 JP 4386337 B2 JP4386337 B2 JP 4386337B2 JP 2003300629 A JP2003300629 A JP 2003300629A JP 2003300629 A JP2003300629 A JP 2003300629A JP 4386337 B2 JP4386337 B2 JP 4386337B2
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drying
temperature
period
bulb temperature
leaf tobacco
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JP2004290175A (en
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幹雄 古田
泰宏 吉瀬
好治 粟田
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Fulta Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、葉たばこの乾燥工程をコンピューターで制御する際に使用される自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an automatic drying method for leaf tobacco using an automatic drying program used when a drying process of leaf tobacco is controlled by a computer.

葉たばこの乾燥は、主にバルク乾燥装置によって行われている。このバルク乾燥装置は、葉たばこ収容室（以下、乾燥室という）、温風発生機、送風機、換気のための外気取入口並びに排出口、空気の循環ダクト等を備え、乾燥室に強制的に熱風を送風して乾燥を行なうものである。従来、葉たばこの乾燥は乾燥温度表を参照して作業者の五感によって実施されていたが、近年では乾燥プログラムを記憶させたコンピューターによりバルク乾燥装置を制御するのが一般的である。   Leaf tobacco is dried mainly by a bulk dryer. This bulk drying apparatus is equipped with a leaf tobacco storage chamber (hereinafter referred to as a drying chamber), a hot air generator, a blower, an outside air intake and exhaust port for ventilation, an air circulation duct, and the like. Is dried by blowing air. Conventionally, drying of leaf tobacco has been carried out by the five senses of an operator with reference to a drying temperature table, but in recent years, it is common to control a bulk drying apparatus with a computer storing a drying program.

葉たばこの乾燥においては、単なる脱水乾燥のみではなく、たばこ特有の色択や香喫味を出すために内容成分の科学的変化を促進させるキュアリングの過程を経たうえ、葉肉部分及び中骨部分の脱水乾燥を施すことが肝要である。そこで、乾燥過程を大別して、葉たばこの水分量を適度に保つ蒸酵期及び黄変期、主として葉肉の脱水を図る色択固定期及び中骨を乾燥させる中骨乾燥期の三段階に区分して乾燥が進められる。 In the drying of leaf tobacco, not only dehydration drying, but also through a curing process that promotes scientific changes in the content components in order to bring out the color choices and flavors peculiar to tobacco, followed by dehydration of the mesophyll part and the middle bone part It is important to apply drying. Therefore, the drying process is roughly divided into three stages: a fermentation period and a yellowing period that keep the water content of leaf tobacco moderately, a color selective fixation period that mainly dehydrates the mesophyll, and a middle bone drying period that dries the bone. Drying proceeds.

具体的には、乾燥の進行に合せて、温度を初期が３８℃程度から２℃〜３℃ずつ一定時間をおいて昇温させて行き、最終温度６８℃で中骨を乾固させる。一方、湿度は湿球温度で管理するが、黄変期、色択固定期は３６℃〜３８℃程度の範囲で、最終においても４０℃で乾燥させる。この乾燥の際の状態を相対湿度になおすと、黄変期が約９５〜７５％、中骨乾燥期では約５０〜２０％になるように設定している。このように、従来は、乾燥開始時から終了時に向けて、湿度を徐々に下げながら乾燥を行なう方法が採られていた。   Specifically, in accordance with the progress of drying, the temperature is increased from about 38 ° C. to 2 ° C. to 3 ° C. over a certain period of time, and the middle bone is dried at a final temperature of 68 ° C. On the other hand, the humidity is controlled by the wet bulb temperature, but the yellowing period and the color selective fixation period are in the range of about 36 ° C to 38 ° C, and the final drying is performed at 40 ° C. When the drying state is adjusted to relative humidity, the yellowing period is set to about 95 to 75%, and the middle bone drying period is set to about 50 to 20%. Thus, conventionally, a method of drying while gradually reducing the humidity from the start to the end of drying has been adopted.

そして、上記のような乾燥工程を良好に営ませる乾燥制御方法として、乾燥室内の湿球温度を全乾燥工程を通じ又は各工程ごとに一定値（例えば３８℃）に保持し、乾球温度を一定の乾燥時間の経過ごとに所定値ずつ段階的に上昇させる乾燥方法が開発され実施化されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。   Then, as a drying control method for performing the above drying process satisfactorily, the wet bulb temperature in the drying chamber is maintained at a constant value (for example, 38 ° C.) throughout the entire drying process or for each step, and the dry bulb temperature is kept constant. A drying method has been developed and implemented step by step with a predetermined value as the drying time elapses (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開昭５７−７４０７９号公報（第２頁−第３頁、第２図）JP-A-57-74079 (pages 2 to 3 and FIG. 2)

しかしながら、上記従来の方法では、予め設定した時間乾球温度を上昇させているので、いかにその時間設定に腐心しても、乾球温度の上昇時期が乾燥中の葉たばこの乾燥進行と適合しないことが多く、葉たばこの乾燥自動制御方法として必ずしも適切なものではないのが実状であった。すなわち、一定温度では葉たばこの懸吊ラックの内部まで温度が浸透しない。階段状に昇温すると一定時間の蒸酵しかできない。黄変状態及び乾燥状態の各温度帯での見極めが必要になる。ラックの内部を急昇温させるため、結露するおそれがある。ダンパーは不確定動作となり、乾燥状態の把握が困難であるという問題がある。   However, in the above-described conventional method, the dry bulb temperature is raised for a preset time, so no matter how hard the time setting is, the dry bulb temperature rise time may not be compatible with the drying progress of the leaf tobacco being dried. In many cases, the actual state is not necessarily appropriate as an automatic drying control method for leaf tobacco. That is, at a constant temperature, the temperature does not penetrate to the inside of the tobacco tobacco suspension rack. If the temperature is raised stepwise, only a certain period of fermentation is possible. It is necessary to determine in each temperature zone of yellowing state and dry state. Condensation may occur due to rapid temperature rise inside the rack. The damper is indeterminate and there is a problem that it is difficult to grasp the dry state.

そこで、本発明の葉たばこが収容される乾燥室内の加熱装置の加熱制御、及びこの乾燥室内への吸排気制御で、乾燥室内の乾球温度の昇温又は降温、及び湿球温度の昇温又は降温の制御を司る自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法は、葉たばこ乾燥工程の蒸酵期と、蒸酵末期から黄変初期と、この黄変末期から色択固定期及び色択固定期から中骨乾燥期に移行する各段階における前記乾球温度の昇温又は降温、及び前記湿球温度の昇温又は降温の切り替え作業を、漸傾状になめらかに切り替え操作し、この葉たばこの乾燥作業時間の短縮を図る構成とすることを第１の特徴とする。また、この黄変期から色択固定期、この色択固定期から色択固定期末期、及び色択固定期末期から中骨乾燥期にかけて、乾燥状態を確認するための乾球・湿球温度制御を行ない、ダンパー開度の推移及び／又は開閉状態を介して乾燥度合の判断を可能とすることを第２の特徴とし、さらに、この蒸酵期間中に、葉たばこの性状に応じて乾球温度を上昇させる水切り操作を、割り込み可能に設定したことを第３の特徴とし、さらにまた、この黄変期間中に生じる湿度ムラや脱水ムラを回避するために、葉たばこを充分に暖めて内部拡散の促進を図る操作を、割り込み操作を可能に設定したことを第４の特徴とする。加えて、この中骨乾燥期末期において、ダンパー開度の推移が全閉状態を所定時間維持した段階は乾燥終了とし、葉たばこ乾燥工程の全てが終了したと判断することを第５の特徴とする。 Therefore, the heating control of the heating device in the drying chamber in which the leaf tobacco of the present invention is accommodated, and the intake / exhaust control into the drying chamber, the temperature increase or decrease of the dry bulb temperature in the drying chamber and the temperature increase or decrease of the wet bulb temperature The automatic drying method of leaf tobacco using the automatic drying program that controls the temperature drop is the fermentation period of the leaf tobacco drying process , from the end of fermentation to the early stage of yellowing, and from this end of yellowing period to the color selection fixation period and the color selection fixation period. The operation of switching the temperature of the dry bulb and the temperature of the wet bulb in each stage from the transition to the dry stage of bone and the switching operation of the temperature of the wet bulb is performed smoothly and gradually. The first feature is that the working time is shortened. In addition, the dry bulb / wet bulb temperature for checking the dry state from this yellowing period to the color selection fixed period, from this color selection fixed period to the color selection fixed period, and from the color selection fixed period to the middle bone dry period performs control, the damper opening degree changes and / or via an on-off state to allow a determination of the drying degree as a second aspect, further, during this蒸酵period, dry bulb in accordance with the properties of the leaf tobacco The third feature is that the draining operation to raise the temperature is set to be interruptible . Furthermore, in order to avoid the uneven humidity and dehydration that occur during this yellowing period, the leaf tobacco is sufficiently warmed to diffuse inside. The fourth feature is that the operation for promoting the above is set to enable the interrupt operation . In addition, at the end of the middle bone dry period, the fifth feature is that the stage in which the transition of the damper opening is maintained in the fully closed state for a predetermined time is the end of drying, and it is determined that all of the leaf tobacco drying process is completed. .

本発明によれば、葉たばこの乾燥時間の無駄を無くし、葉たばこの脱水性を向上させて稼動率を向上させることができるばかりでなく、乾燥状態の確認を容易且つ省力化することができ、品質の良い乾葉を得ることができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible not only to eliminate the waste of drying time of leaf tobacco, to improve the operation rate by improving the dewaterability of leaf tobacco, but also to easily and labor-saving confirmation of the dry state, quality Can get good dry leaves.

次に、本発明の実施の形態を図面に示す実施例に基づいて説明する。
図１は本発明に係る葉たばこ乾燥方法を実施する乾燥装置の模式図、図２は制御部を示すブロック図、図３は本発明に係る乾燥工程図、図４及び図５は本発明に係る葉たばこの乾燥プログラムを実施するための温度表である。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drying apparatus for carrying out the leaf tobacco drying method according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a control unit, FIG. 3 is a drying process diagram according to the present invention, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are according to the present invention. It is a temperature table | surface for implementing the drying program of leaf tobacco.

本発明に係る葉たばこ乾燥方法は、図１に示すようなバルク乾燥装置にて実施される。
図１において、Ａは乾燥室、Ｂは温風発生機で、これら乾燥室Ａと温風発生機Ｂは隣接して一体的に設けられており、これらを区画する隔壁１の下部に開設した温風吹き出し口２及び隔壁１上部に開設した循環口３を介して相互に連通連絡している。 The leaf tobacco drying method according to the present invention is carried out in a bulk drying apparatus as shown in FIG.
In FIG. 1, A is a drying chamber, B is a hot air generator, and these drying chamber A and hot air generator B are provided integrally adjacent to each other, and are opened at the lower part of the partition wall 1 that divides them. The hot air blowing port 2 and the circulation port 3 established in the upper part of the partition wall 1 communicate with each other.

温風発生機Ｂは、送風機ａ、加熱装置ｂを構成する火炉４、熱交換器５等を内装し、天井壁６には、ダンパー７を備えた吸気口８が設けられている。乾燥室Ａは、温風吹き出し口２の上縁と同じ高さレベル、若しくはそれより若干上方の位置に、床面９との間に空隙を有する浮床１０を設け、床面９と浮床１０との間の空隙を温風導入空間１１となしている。上記浮床１０には全面にわたって多数の整流孔１２が穿設される。また、乾燥室Ａは側壁の一つ１３の上部には排気口１４が開設されている。   The hot air generator B includes a blower a, a furnace 4 constituting a heating device b, a heat exchanger 5 and the like, and a ceiling wall 6 is provided with an intake port 8 provided with a damper 7. The drying chamber A is provided with a floating floor 10 having a gap with the floor 9 at the same level as the upper edge of the warm air outlet 2 or slightly above it. A space between them is a hot air introduction space 11. A large number of straightening holes 12 are formed in the floating floor 10 over the entire surface. In the drying chamber A, an exhaust port 14 is formed at the upper portion of one of the side walls 13.

そして、温風発生機Ｂで発生された温風は、温風吹き出し口２より乾燥室Ａ床面９と浮床１０の間の温風導入空間１１に吹き込まれ、浮床１０の整流孔１２を介して整流され、乾燥室Ａ内全体に均一に広がって上昇流動し、一部は排気口１４より外部へ排出するが、残りは循環口３から温風発生機Ｂへ戻り、吸気口８から新たに吸気された外気と共に再度加熱され、再び乾燥室Ａに送り込まれる。すなわち、乾燥室Ａは内部を温風が循環流動するようになっている。また、この乾燥機は、乾燥室Ａに乾球温度センサー１７及び湿球温度センサー１８が設けられ、これら各センサー１７、１８が、コンピューター２１を備える制御部Ｃに連絡される。   Then, the warm air generated by the warm air generator B is blown into the warm air introduction space 11 between the drying chamber A floor 9 and the floating floor 10 through the warm air outlet 2, and is passed through the rectifying holes 12 of the floating floor 10. The air flows into the drying chamber A and spreads upward and flows uniformly. A part of the air is discharged from the exhaust port 14 to the outside, and the rest returns to the hot air generator B from the circulation port 3 and is newly supplied from the intake port 8. Then, it is heated again together with the outside air sucked in, and sent to the drying chamber A again. That is, the drying chamber A is configured such that warm air circulates and flows inside. Further, in this dryer, a dry bulb temperature sensor 17 and a wet bulb temperature sensor 18 are provided in the drying chamber A, and these sensors 17 and 18 communicate with a control unit C including a computer 21.

そして、葉たばこ乾燥機において、葉たばこＴは葉たばこ吊具１５に吊持せしめて乾燥室Ａ内の棚レール１６に上下二段又は三段に吊り込み、乾燥室Ａ内の温度と湿度を制御して、キュアリング及びドライングを行なう。すなわち、温度制御は乾球温度センサー１７が検出する乾球温度と設定値を比較して火炉４の加熱装置ｂ（バーナー）のオン・オフを制御することにより行ない、湿度制御は湿球温度センサー１８が検出する湿球温度と設定値を比較してその偏差によりダンパー７をＰ・ＰＩ又はＰＩＤ制御することより行なう。   In the leaf tobacco dryer, the leaf tobacco T is suspended on the leaf tobacco suspension 15 and suspended on the shelf rail 16 in the drying chamber A in two stages, upper and lower, and the temperature and humidity in the drying chamber A are controlled. , Curing and drying. That is, the temperature control is performed by comparing the set value with the dry bulb temperature detected by the dry bulb temperature sensor 17 and controlling the on / off of the heating device b (burner) of the furnace 4, and the humidity control is performed by the wet bulb temperature sensor. The wet bulb temperature detected by 18 is compared with a set value, and the damper 7 is subjected to P · PI or PID control according to the deviation.

加熱装置ｂは熱風を発生して、その熱風を乾燥室Ａ内に循環させる温風発生機Ｂの熱発生源となるものであり、加熱装置ｂに設けた電磁弁２６の開閉や点火装置等の制御によりオン・オフし、ダンパー７は乾燥室Ａ内への外気の取入れを制御するものであり、モーター２７の正逆回転により開度を可変する。   The heating device b is a heat generation source of a hot air generator B that generates hot air and circulates the hot air into the drying chamber A. The heating device b opens and closes an electromagnetic valve 26 provided in the heating device b, an ignition device, and the like. The damper 7 controls the intake of outside air into the drying chamber A, and the opening degree is varied by forward / reverse rotation of the motor 27.

上記加熱装置ｂ及びダンパー７による温度と湿度の制御は、乾燥基本プログラムに基づいて制御部Ｃに格納されたコンピューター２１により行なう。そして、温風発生機Ｂはこの基本プログラムに基づいて運転され、時間の経過に伴って段階的に昇温し、図３に示すように、蒸酵工程（ステップＳ１）、黄変工程（ステップＳ２）、色沢固定工程（ステップＳ３）、中骨乾燥工程（ステップＳ４）を逐次実施するのである。   The temperature and humidity are controlled by the heating device b and the damper 7 by the computer 21 stored in the control unit C based on the basic drying program. And the warm air generator B is operated based on this basic program, and gradually increases in temperature with the passage of time. As shown in FIG. 3, the fermentation process (step S1), the yellowing process (step) S2), the color fixation process (step S3), and the intermediate bone drying process (step S4) are sequentially performed.

温度調節と湿度調節には、例えば、１パターン当り１５ステップのプログラムが８×５パターン記憶できるデジタルプログラムコントローラーを用いた。温度センサーには測温抵抗体を使用して乾球温度センサー１７として、湿球温度センサー１８には、温度センサーと同じものをガーゼで覆い水分を含ませ、吹出口近傍に設置した。   For temperature control and humidity control, for example, a digital program controller capable of storing 8 × 5 patterns of 15 steps per pattern was used. A temperature sensing resistor was used as the temperature sensor, and the wet bulb temperature sensor 18 was covered with gauze and the moisture bulb temperature sensor 18 was covered with gauze, and was placed in the vicinity of the outlet.

図２に示すように、制御部Ｃにはコンピューター２１が備えられており、コンピューター２１のＲＯＭ２４に予め記憶された乾燥プログラムにより、出力部２０から昇温指令信号が送出され、加熱装置ｂを操作して自動的に乾球温度の設定値を上昇させる作動をなし、全乾燥時間を通して乾燥開始時から黄変期間は温度を略３℃、色択固定期間は温度を略２℃〜１０℃、さらに中骨固定期間は再び温度を２℃〜１５℃昇温させる。また、ダンパー７を開閉させるダンパー開閉制御信号を出力部２０から送出する。そして、乾燥室Ａ内に収容した葉たばこＴを乾燥するにあたって、湿球温度設定を一定温度（例えば３８℃）に、乾球設定温度を初期温度（例えば３５℃）に各々設定して乾燥を開始する。図中２５は、経過時間や乾球温度、湿球温度の経過時間による変化の状態及びダンパー開度の変化の推移等を可視状態で示す表示部である。   As shown in FIG. 2, the control unit C includes a computer 21, and a temperature increase command signal is sent from the output unit 20 by a drying program stored in advance in the ROM 24 of the computer 21 to operate the heating device b. The operation of automatically increasing the set value of the dry bulb temperature is performed, the temperature is about 3 ° C. during the yellowing period from the start of drying throughout the entire drying time, the temperature is about 2 ° C. to 10 ° C. during the color selection fixing period, Further, during the middle bone fixation period, the temperature is raised again by 2 ° C. to 15 ° C. Also, a damper opening / closing control signal for opening / closing the damper 7 is sent from the output unit 20. Then, in drying the leaf tobacco T accommodated in the drying chamber A, the wet bulb temperature setting is set to a constant temperature (for example, 38 ° C.), and the dry bulb set temperature is set to the initial temperature (for example, 35 ° C.) to start drying. To do. In the figure, reference numeral 25 denotes a display unit that visually shows the elapsed time, the dry bulb temperature, the change in the wet bulb temperature due to the elapsed time, the change in the damper opening, and the like.

乾燥室Ａ内の湿球温度及び乾球温度の変化は、乾球温度センサー１７及び湿球温度センサー１８によって検知され、その信号が入力部１９を介して制御部Ｃに送出されるので、乾燥プログラムによって予め設定された乾球温度及び湿球温度を保持するように、ダンパー７及び温風発生機Ｂの熱源である加熱装置ｂが制御される。そして、乾燥室Ａ内の乾球温度が一定値低下（例えば４０℃から３９℃）すると、入力部１９を介してＲＡＭ２２にその信号が送られ、ＣＰＵ２３から昇温指令信号が送られて乾球温度センサー１７の測定温度を上昇させるように自動的に操作する。したがって、乾燥室内の乾球温度は、所定値だけ上昇され、葉たばこＴは再び脱水速度を増し乾燥が進行する。また、それと同時にダンパー開閉信号が送られるので、ダンパー７は乾燥室Ａ内の湿球温度を設定値（例えば３８℃）に一定又は上昇・下降ならしめるべく吸気口８の開口度を自動的に調節する。乾球温度の上記昇温時から乾燥プログラムの設定時間経過毎に、前記同様の動作で乾球温度及び湿球温度の一段階上昇又は下降が図られ、これが乾燥終了まで繰り返される。   Changes in the wet bulb temperature and the dry bulb temperature in the drying chamber A are detected by the dry bulb temperature sensor 17 and the wet bulb temperature sensor 18, and the signal is sent to the control unit C via the input unit 19. The damper 7 and the heating device b which is a heat source of the hot air generator B are controlled so as to maintain the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature set in advance by the program. When the dry bulb temperature in the drying chamber A decreases by a certain value (for example, 40 ° C. to 39 ° C.), the signal is sent to the RAM 22 via the input unit 19, and the temperature raising command signal is sent from the CPU 23 to the dry bulb. The temperature sensor 17 is automatically operated to increase the measured temperature. Therefore, the dry bulb temperature in the drying chamber is increased by a predetermined value, and the leaf tobacco T is increased in dehydration rate and drying proceeds again. At the same time, a damper open / close signal is sent, so that the damper 7 automatically adjusts the opening degree of the intake port 8 so that the wet bulb temperature in the drying chamber A is constant or rises / falls to a set value (for example, 38 ° C.). Adjust. The dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are increased or decreased by one step by the same operation as described above every time the dry program temperature rises from the time when the dry bulb temperature is raised, and this is repeated until the drying is completed.

上記したバルク乾燥装置に、葉たばこＴを２段吊りして、図４に示すような乾球温度及び湿球温度の経過時間による温湿度変化を示す表（以下、単に温度表という）に基づく乾燥プログラムを用いて乾燥制御した。
各乾燥段階の昇温値及び乾燥時間は、コンピューター２１のＲＯＭ２４に予め記憶された乾燥プログラムにより制御される。まず、葉たばこ乾燥工程中の蒸酵期は、葉たばこＴの乾燥効率を上げる（後の水抜けを良好にする）ための時間であり、ダンパー７を全閉して乾燥室Ａ内の相対湿度が１００％の状態になるように一定時間維持し、収容された葉たばこＴと乾燥室Ａ内の水分量を一旦平衡状態にする工程であり、葉たばこＴの発汗量に応じて蒸酵時間が変動する。加熱装置ｂの加熱により乾球温度を４０℃に維持したままの状態で、湿球温度を４０℃〜３８℃に漸傾状に降温させる（温度表上は下降する勾配線で表される）制御を行なう。これにより、蒸酵時間は収納された葉たばこＴの発汗量に応じて自動的に調整されることとなる。すなわち、例えば、乾燥室Ａ内の湿度が１００％より低いほどダンパー７の開動開始が遅くなり、それにより蒸酵期が自ずと長くなるようにダンパー７の開動開始が自動的に決定される。したがって、蒸酵時間の無駄を無くすことができる。すなわち、従来は蒸酵開始からダンパー７の開動開始までの時間を、蒸酵が完了するであろうと予測される時間を任意に決定して制御していたため、蒸酵時間を長めに設定する必要があったが、これが是正されて短縮できるばかりでなく、従来必要であった目視による露つき状態の確認作業も不要になる。 Drying based on a table (hereinafter, simply referred to as a temperature table) showing temperature and humidity changes depending on the dry bulb temperature and the elapsed time of the wet bulb temperature as shown in FIG. Drying was controlled using a program.
The temperature rise value and the drying time in each drying stage are controlled by a drying program stored in advance in the ROM 24 of the computer 21. First, the fermentation period in the leaf tobacco drying process is a time for increasing the drying efficiency of the leaf tobacco T (making the subsequent drainage good), and the damper 7 is fully closed and the relative humidity in the drying chamber A is This is a step of maintaining the amount of water in the leaf tobacco T and the drying chamber A for a certain period of time so as to be in a state of 100%, and once the water content in the drying chamber A is in an equilibrium state, and the fermentation time varies depending on the sweating amount of the leaf tobacco T . The wet bulb temperature is gradually decreased from 40 ° C. to 38 ° C. while maintaining the dry bulb temperature at 40 ° C. by the heating of the heating device b (indicated on the temperature table by a descending gradient line). Take control. Thereby, a fermentation time will be automatically adjusted according to the sweating amount of the accommodated leaf tobacco T. FIG. That is, for example, as the humidity in the drying chamber A is lower than 100%, the start of opening of the damper 7 is delayed, and thus the start of opening of the damper 7 is automatically determined so that the fermentation period naturally becomes longer. Therefore, waste of the fermentation time can be eliminated. That is, conventionally, since the time from the start of the fermentation to the start of the opening of the damper 7 has been controlled by arbitrarily determining the time at which the fermentation is expected to be completed, it is necessary to set the fermentation time longer. However, this is not only corrected but can be shortened, and the visual confirmation of the exposed state, which was necessary in the past, becomes unnecessary.

次いで、蒸酵期末期から黄変期（ダンパー７が開いた状態で排気が増し、葉先から葉もとにかけて徐々に黄変させる工程で乾球温度を４３℃まで昇温する）の初期にかけて、乾燥条件として、乾燥室Ａ内の乾球温度及び湿球温度を、それぞれ所定の温度ずつ昇温又は降温させる。具体的には、乾球温度を４０℃で３時間〜１０時間維持すると共に湿球温度を４０℃から３８℃までを３時間〜１０時間漸傾状に降温する。次いで、黄変末期から色択固定期（さらに昇温して乾燥を進める工程で、乾球温度を５３℃まで昇温する）の初期にかけての乾燥条件は、乾球温度を４０℃〜４３℃まで３〜１５時間かけて漸傾状に昇温させる（温度表上は上昇する勾配線で表される）と共に湿球温度を４０℃〜３７℃までの間で３〜１５時間かけて漸傾状に降温させる（温度表上は下降する勾配線で表される）。   Then, from the end of the fermentation period to the early stage of the yellowing period (exhaust increases with the damper 7 open, and the temperature of the dry bulb is raised to 43 ° C in the process of gradually yellowing from the leaf tip to the leaf base) As the drying conditions, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature in the drying chamber A are raised or lowered by a predetermined temperature, respectively. Specifically, the dry bulb temperature is maintained at 40 ° C. for 3 hours to 10 hours, and the wet bulb temperature is gradually decreased from 40 ° C. to 38 ° C. for 3 hours to 10 hours. Next, the drying conditions from the end of yellowing to the initial stage of the color selection fixing stage (in the process of further heating and drying to raise the dry bulb temperature to 53 ° C.) are as follows: the dry bulb temperature is 40 ° C. to 43 ° C. The temperature is gradually increased over 3 to 15 hours (indicated by a rising gradient line on the temperature table) and the wet bulb temperature is gradually increased over 3 to 15 hours between 40 ° C. and 37 ° C. (Indicated on the temperature table by a descending gradient line).

次いで、色択固定期から中骨乾燥期（乾球温度を葉肉が乾固する４８℃〜５３℃から中骨の乾燥が完了する６８℃まで昇温する）の初期にかけて、乾燥条件として、乾球温度を４３℃〜５３℃まで２０時間〜７０時間かけて漸傾状に昇温させると共に湿球温度を３７℃〜３５℃の間で２０〜７０時間かけて漸傾状に降温させ、次いで、中骨乾燥初期から中骨乾燥完了までの乾燥条件を乾球温度を５３℃〜６８℃まで１５〜６０時間かけて漸傾状に昇温させると共に湿球温度を３５℃〜３９℃まで１５〜６０時間かけて漸傾状に降温するように制御する。   Next, from the color selection fixation stage to the middle bone dry stage (the dry bulb temperature is raised from 48 ° C. to 53 ° C. where the mesophyll is dried up to 68 ° C. where the drying of the middle bone is completed) The bulb temperature is gradually increased from 43 ° C. to 53 ° C. over 20 hours to 70 hours, and the wet bulb temperature is gradually decreased between 37 ° C. and 35 ° C. over 20 to 70 hours. The dry bulb temperature was gradually increased from 53 ° C. to 68 ° C. over 15 to 60 hours, and the wet bulb temperature was increased from 35 ° C. to 39 ° C. The temperature is controlled to gradually decrease over 60 hours.

ここで、図４の温度表から分かるように、本発明の自動乾燥プログラムでは、黄変末期から色択固定期並びに色択固定期末期から中骨乾燥期にかけて、乾燥状態を確認するための恒温制御（温度表では水平線で示される）を行なうことにより、葉たばこＴの乾燥度合が確認できるようにされており、この確認は表示部２５に表示されるダンパー開度の推移（表示部２５に表示されるある一定時間前からのダンパー開度の推移と比較して、恒温制御の開始後、ダンパー７の開度が開く方向に変化すれば乾燥度合が遅れ気味で、閉方向に変化すれば乾燥度合が進みすぎであることを示す）並びに葉たばこＴの視認によって行なう。換言すると、従来頻繁に行なっていた乾燥状態の確認作業を２回のみ行なえば良いことになり省力化できる。さらに、中骨乾燥期末期において、ダンパー７の開度の推移が全閉状態を所定時間（例えば、３時間程度）維持すれば乾燥終了と見做すことができ、葉たばこ乾燥の全工程が終了したことを判断し、乾燥運転を自動的に停止することができる。   Here, as can be seen from the temperature table of FIG. 4, in the automatic drying program of the present invention, the constant temperature for confirming the dry state from the end of yellowing to the color selection fixed period and from the color selection fixed end period to the middle bone dry period. By performing the control (indicated by a horizontal line in the temperature table), the degree of dryness of the leaf tobacco T can be confirmed, and this confirmation is made by the transition of the damper opening displayed on the display unit 25 (displayed on the display unit 25). Compared to the transition of the damper opening from a certain time before the start, the drying degree is delayed if the opening of the damper 7 changes in the opening direction after the start of the constant temperature control, and the drying becomes dry if it changes in the closing direction. It indicates that the degree is too advanced) and the leaf tobacco T is visually recognized. In other words, it is only necessary to carry out the dry state confirmation work that has been frequently performed in the past twice, thus saving labor. Furthermore, at the end of the middle bone dry period, if the change of the opening degree of the damper 7 is maintained in a fully closed state for a predetermined time (for example, about 3 hours), it can be considered that the drying is finished, and the whole process of leaf tobacco drying is completed. It can be determined that the drying operation can be automatically stopped.

さらに、図２に示すように、本発明の自動乾燥プログラムには、収穫した葉たばこＴの性状（雨葉や露付葉）に応じて、蒸酵期中に乾球温度を略５℃程度上昇させる水切り操作プログラムが割り込み操作可能に設定され、任意にワンタッチで水切り操作（ステップＴ１）ができるようにされていると共に、黄変期中に生じる湿度ムラや脱水ムラを回避するために、葉たばこＴを充分に暖めて内部拡散を促進する伸張操作プログラムが設けられて、これも任意にワンタッチで伸張操作（ステップＴ２）ができるようにされている。伸張操作はダンパー７を閉じて乾燥室Ａ内を密閉して昇温し、関係湿度が８５％〜９０％（乾湿球差１〜２℃）に制御することにより行なう。以上２つの操作の乾球温度及び湿球温度の経過時間による温湿度変化をそれぞれ測定し、その結果を図５の温度表に示す。   Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, in the automatic drying program of the present invention, the dry bulb temperature is increased by about 5 ° C. during the fermentation period according to the properties (rain leaves and dew leaves) of the harvested leaf tobacco T. The draining operation program is set to allow interrupt operation, and can be arbitrarily drained (Step T1) with a single touch, and enough leaf tobacco T is used to avoid uneven humidity and dehydration during the yellowing period. A stretching operation program for warming up and promoting internal diffusion is provided, and this can be arbitrarily performed by one touch (step T2). The extension operation is performed by closing the damper 7 and sealing the inside of the drying chamber A to raise the temperature, and controlling the relative humidity to 85% to 90% (dry wet bulb difference of 1 to 2 ° C.). The temperature and humidity changes due to the elapsed time of the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature in the above two operations were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in the temperature table of FIG.

尚、本発明の要旨は、従来、葉たばこ乾燥工程の蒸酵末期から黄変初期、黄変末期から色択固定期及び色択固定期から中骨乾燥期に移行する各段階の昇温制御又は降温制御を階段状に温度を切り替えて行なっていた操作を漸傾状になめらかに切替えるようにした点にあり、乾燥状態を確認するための恒温制御部分は必ずしも要することなく所期の効果を得ることができる。   In addition, the gist of the present invention is conventionally the temperature increase control at each stage of the leaf tobacco drying process from the end of the fermentation to the early yellowing, from the yellowing end to the color selection fixing period and from the color selection fixing period to the middle bone drying stage. The operation that was performed by switching the temperature stepwise in a stepwise manner is to switch smoothly and gradually, and the constant temperature control part for confirming the dry state is not necessarily required, and the desired effect is obtained be able to.

本発明によれば、葉たばこの乾燥作業時間が短縮でき、また、恒温制御により乾燥度合（表示部２５に表示されるダンパー開度の推移）が判断できるため人的作業の省力化ができるので、葉たばこ収穫から乾葉出荷までの一連の作業日程における時間的及び人的な余裕が得られ、経済性が向上する。   According to the present invention, the drying work time of the leaf tobacco can be shortened, and since the degree of drying (change in the damper opening displayed on the display unit 25) can be determined by the constant temperature control, it is possible to save labor for human work. Time and human allowance in a series of work schedules from leaf tobacco harvesting to dry leaf shipment can be obtained, and the economic efficiency is improved.

本発明に係る葉たばこ加湿方法を実施する乾燥装置の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the drying apparatus which implements the leaf tobacco humidification method concerning this invention. 制御部を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows a control part. 本発明に係る乾燥工程図である。It is a drying process figure concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る葉たばこの乾燥プログラムを実施するための温度表であって、水切り操作プログラムと伸張操作プログラムの割り込み操作を説明したものである。It is a temperature table for implementing the drying program of leaf tobacco concerning the present invention, Comprising: The interruption operation of the draining operation program and the extension operation program is explained. 本発明に係る葉たばこの乾燥プログラムを実施するための温度表であって、各段階の昇温制御又は降温制御を階段状に温度を切り替えて行なっていた操作を、漸傾状になめらかに切替え操作で行った状態を説明したものである。It is a temperature table for carrying out the drying program for leaf tobacco according to the present invention, and the operation that is performed by switching the temperature in each step in the step-up temperature control or the temperature-down control is gradually and gradually changed. It explains the state performed in.

Ａ 乾燥室
Ｂ 温風発生機
Ｃ 制御部
ａ 送風機
ｂ 加熱装置
１ 隔壁
２ 温風吹き出し口
３ 循環口
４ 火炉
５ 熱交換器
６ 天井壁
７ ダンパー
８ 吸気口
９ 床面
１０ 浮床
１１ 温風導入空間
１２ 整流孔
１３ 側壁
１４ 排気口
１５ 葉たばこ吊具
１６ 棚レール
１７ 乾球温度センサー
１８ 湿球温度センサー
１９ 入力部
２０ 出力部
２１ コンピューター
２２ ＲＡＭ
２３ ＣＰＵ
２４ ＲＯＭ
２５ 表示部
２６ 電磁弁
２７ モーター
Ｔ 葉たばこ A Drying room B Hot air generator C Controller a Blower b Heating device 1 Bulkhead 2 Hot air outlet 3 Circulation port 4 Furnace 5 Heat exchanger 6 Ceiling wall 7 Damper 8 Air inlet 9 Floor surface 10 Floating floor 11 Hot air introduction space 12 Rectification hole 13 Side wall 14 Exhaust port 15 Leaf tobacco hanger 16 Shelf rail 17 Dry bulb temperature sensor 18 Wet bulb temperature sensor 19 Input unit 20 Output unit 21 Computer 22 RAM
23 CPU
24 ROM
25 Display Unit 26 Solenoid Valve 27 Motor T Leaf Cigarette

Claims (5)

葉たばこが収容される乾燥室内の加熱装置の加熱制御、及びこの乾燥室内への吸排気制御で、乾燥室内の乾球温度の昇温又は降温、及び湿球温度の昇温又は降温の制御を司る自動乾燥プログラムを利用し、この葉たばこ乾燥工程の蒸酵期と、蒸酵末期から黄変初期と、この黄変末期から色択固定期及び色択固定期から中骨乾燥期に移行する各段階における前記乾球温度の昇温又は降温、及び前記湿球温度の昇温又は降温の切り替え作業を、漸傾状になめらかに切替え操作し、この葉たばこの乾燥作業時間の短縮を図る構成とした自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法であって、
（１） 前記蒸酵期において、加熱装置の加熱により乾球温度を４０℃に維持したままの状態で、湿球温度を４０℃〜３８℃に漸傾状に降温させる制御と、
（２） 前記蒸酵期末期から黄変期において、乾球温度を４０℃で３時間〜１０時間維持すると共に湿球温度を４０℃から３８℃までを３時間〜１０時間漸傾状に降温する制御と、
（３） 前記黄変末期から色択固定期において、乾球温度を４０℃〜４３℃まで３〜１５時間かけて漸傾状に昇温させると共に湿球温度を４０℃〜３７℃までの間で３〜１５時間かけて漸傾状に降温させる制御と、
（４） 前記色択固定期から中骨乾燥期において、乾燥条件として、乾球温度を４３℃〜５３℃まで２０時間〜７０時間かけて漸傾状に昇温させると共に湿球温度を３７℃〜３５℃の間で２０〜７０時間かけて漸傾状に降温させる制御と、
（５） 前記中骨乾燥初期から中骨乾燥完了までの乾燥条件を乾球温度を５３℃〜６８℃まで１５〜６０時間かけて漸傾状に昇温させると共に湿球温度を３５℃〜３９℃まで１５〜６０時間かけて漸傾状に降温する制御と、
で構成した自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法。 The heating control of the heating device in the drying chamber in which the leaf tobacco is accommodated and the intake / exhaust control into the drying chamber are used to control the temperature increase / decrease of the dry bulb temperature and the temperature increase / decrease of the wet bulb temperature. each step of utilizing an automatic drying program, to migration and蒸酵life of the leaf tobacco drying process, the yellowing and early蒸酵end, the middle bone dry period from this yellowing end from the color択固periodically and color択固regular The automatic operation is designed to shorten the drying operation time of the tobacco leaf by switching the temperature increase or decrease of the dry bulb temperature and the operation of switching the temperature increase or decrease of the wet bulb temperature smoothly and gradually. A method for automatically drying tobacco leaves using a drying program ,
( 1) In the fermentation period, while the dry bulb temperature is maintained at 40 ° C. by heating of the heating device, the wet bulb temperature is gradually lowered from 40 ° C. to 38 ° C., and
(2) From the end of the fermentation period to the yellowing period, the dry bulb temperature is maintained at 40 ° C. for 3 hours to 10 hours and the wet bulb temperature is gradually decreased from 40 ° C. to 38 ° C. for 3 hours to 10 hours. Control to
(3) From the end of yellowing to the color selection fixing period, the dry bulb temperature is gradually increased from 40 ° C. to 43 ° C. over 3 to 15 hours and the wet bulb temperature is set between 40 ° C. and 37 ° C. And a control for gradually decreasing the temperature over 3 to 15 hours,
(4) From the color selection fixing period to the intermediate bone drying period, as a drying condition, the dry bulb temperature is gradually increased from 43 ° C. to 53 ° C. over 20 hours to 70 hours and the wet bulb temperature is set to 37 ° C. Control to gradually decrease the temperature between ˜35 ° C. over 20 to 70 hours,
(5) The drying conditions from the initial drying of the intermediate bone to the completion of the intermediate bone drying are gradually increased from 53 ° C. to 68 ° C. over 15 to 60 hours, and the wet bulb temperature is set to 35 ° C. to 39 ° C. Control to gradually decrease the temperature to 15 ° C. over 15 to 60 hours;
An automatic drying method for leaf tobacco using an automatic drying program consisting of 請求項１に記載の自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法であって、
この黄変期から色択固定期、この色択固定期から色択固定期末期、及び色択固定期末期から中骨乾燥期にかけて、乾燥状態を確認するための乾球・湿球温度制御を行ない、ダンパー開度の推移及び／又は開閉状態を介して乾燥度合の判断を可能とする構成とした自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法。 An automatic drying method for leaf tobacco using the automatic drying program according to claim 1,
Dry bulb / wet bulb temperature control for checking the dry state from this yellowing period to the color selection fixed period, from this color selection fixed period to the color selection fixed end period, and from the color selection fixed period end to the middle bone dry period A method for automatically drying leaf tobacco using an automatic drying program configured to enable the determination of the degree of drying through the change of the damper opening and / or the open / closed state. 請求項１に記載の自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法であって、
この蒸酵期間中に、葉たばこの性状に応じて乾球温度を上昇させる水切り操作を、割り込み可能に設定したことを特徴とする自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法。 An automatic drying method for leaf tobacco using the automatic drying program according to claim 1,
An automatic drying method of leaf tobacco using an automatic drying program characterized in that a draining operation for increasing the dry bulb temperature according to the properties of the leaf tobacco during the fermentation period is set to be interruptible . 請求項１に記載の自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法であって、
この黄変期間中に生じる湿度ムラや脱水ムラを回避するために、葉たばこを充分に暖めて内部拡散の促進を図る操作を、割り込み操作を可能に設定したことを特徴とする自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法。 An automatic drying method for leaf tobacco using the automatic drying program according to claim 1,
In order to avoid humidity unevenness and dehydration unevenness that occur during this yellowing period, use an automatic drying program characterized by enabling the interrupting operation to sufficiently warm the leaf tobacco and promote internal diffusion Automatic drying method for dried tobacco. 請求項１又は請求項２に記載の自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法であって、
この中骨乾燥期末期において、ダンパー開度の推移が全閉状態を所定時間維持した段階は乾燥終了とし、葉たばこ乾燥工程の全てが終了したと判断することを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載の自動乾燥プログラムを利用した葉たばこの自動乾燥方法。 An automatic drying method for leaf tobacco using the automatic drying program according to claim 1 or 2,
The stage in which the transition of the damper opening degree is maintained in a fully closed state for a predetermined time in the middle bone dry end stage is determined to be the end of drying, and it is determined that all of the leaf tobacco drying process is completed. 2. An automatic drying method of leaf tobacco using the automatic drying program according to 2.
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