JP4365245B2 - Dust monitor - Google Patents

Dust monitor Download PDF

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JP4365245B2
JP4365245B2 JP2004075361A JP2004075361A JP4365245B2 JP 4365245 B2 JP4365245 B2 JP 4365245B2 JP 2004075361 A JP2004075361 A JP 2004075361A JP 2004075361 A JP2004075361 A JP 2004075361A JP 4365245 B2 JP4365245 B2 JP 4365245B2
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dust
air
electrode
monitor
mist
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JP2005265483A (en
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進一 渡辺
龍治 花房
裕信 小林
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Japan Atomic Power Co Ltd
Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Japan Atomic Power Co Ltd
Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd
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Description

この発明は、放射線を取り扱う施設内の空気中の放射線モニタとして使用するダストモニタに関する。   The present invention relates to a dust monitor used as a radiation monitor in air in a facility that handles radiation.

空気中の放射能は非常に希薄であり、また、空気中のダストは〜数10μm程度と小さいため、これを測定するにはメッシュの細かいろ紙(フィルタ)に、空気中のダストを長時間集塵して蓄積する方法がある。
このろ紙は再利用がきかず1回の測定で交換,廃棄しなければならないが、これが意外に煩わしい作業であるばかりでなく、設置台数が多いとランニングコストも相当な金額に達するという問題がある。
そこで、ろ紙を使用せずに集塵する方法として電気集塵方式,遠心分離集塵方式,洗浄集塵方式などがあり、さらには、例えば特許文献1,2のように電気集塵方式と洗浄集塵方式とを併用したものもある。
The radioactivity in the air is very dilute, and the dust in the air is as small as ~ several tens of micrometers. To measure this, the dust in the air is collected on a fine filter paper (filter) for a long time. There is a way to accumulate dust.
This filter paper cannot be reused and must be replaced and discarded in one measurement. This is not only an unexpectedly troublesome task, but also has a problem that the running cost reaches a considerable amount when the number of installed papers is large.
Therefore, as a method of collecting dust without using filter paper, there are an electrostatic dust collection method, a centrifugal dust collection method, a cleaning dust collection method, and the like. There is also a combination with a dust collection system.

特開平10−174899号公報(第3−4頁、図1)JP-A-10-174899 (page 3-4, FIG. 1) 特開平11−090262号公報(第3頁、図1)Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-090262 (page 3, FIG. 1)

しかしながら、各集塵方式にはそれぞれ一長一短がある。つまり、ダストには粒径の大きいものから小さなものまであるが、このように大きさが広範囲にわたるダストを効率良く集塵するのが難しいと言う問題がある。
したがって、この発明の課題は、ダストの捕集範囲を広げて効率良く集塵できるようにすることにある。
However, each dust collection method has advantages and disadvantages. In other words, dust has a large particle size to a small one, but there is a problem that it is difficult to efficiently collect dust over a wide range of sizes.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to widen the dust collection range so that dust can be collected efficiently.

このような課題を解決するため、請求項1の発明では、洗浄集塵機能と電気集塵機能と遠心分離集塵機能とを備えた集塵器と、この集塵器により集塵したダストの放射能を測定する検出器とを有し、ろ紙を使用することなくダストの放射能測定を可能にしたダストモニタであって、
前記集塵器は、同心円筒状体の上部にダストを含む空気を吸入する吸入口と、その空気にミストを混入させるミスト発生器と、前記同心円筒状体の内側の円筒に複数設けられた円板状電極と、この円板状電極間にそれぞれ設けられた絶縁板と、前記同心円筒状体の外側の円筒の内面に形成されたダスト集電極と、その下部にダストを除去された空気を排出する排出口とからなることを特徴とする。つまり、粒径の大きいものは遠心分離方式で、小さいものは電気方式でそれぞれ集塵し、電気でも集塵率が低下する微細粒径のものについては、洗浄方式で対処する。各方式を直列にして個別に集塵するものに対し、3方式を併用する構造として小型,軽量化を図るものである。
In order to solve such a problem, in the invention of claim 1, a dust collector having a cleaning dust collecting function, an electric dust collecting function, and a centrifugal dust collecting function, and the radioactivity of the dust collected by the dust collector are obtained. A dust monitor having a detector for measuring, and enabling dust radioactivity measurement without using filter paper ,
A plurality of dust collectors are provided in a suction port for sucking air containing dust at the upper part of a concentric cylindrical body, a mist generator for mixing mist into the air, and a cylinder inside the concentric cylindrical body. Disc-shaped electrodes, insulating plates provided between the disc-shaped electrodes, dust collecting electrodes formed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder of the concentric cylindrical body, and air from which dust has been removed It is characterized by comprising a discharge port for discharging water . In other words, a large particle size is collected by a centrifugal separation method, and a small particle size is collected by an electric method, and a fine particle size whose dust collection rate is reduced by electricity is dealt with by a cleaning method. In contrast to what collects each system in series and collects dust individually, it is designed to be small and light as a structure using 3 systems together.

上記請求項1の発明においては、前記複数の円板状電極は、それぞれ等間隔に設け、均一な磁界を発生できるようにすることができる(請求項2の発明)。 In the first aspect of the present invention, the plurality of disc-shaped electrodes can be provided at equal intervals so that a uniform magnetic field can be generated (invention of the second aspect).

また、上記請求項1または2の発明においては、前記絶縁板にはそれぞれ切り欠きを設け、ダストを含む空気のサイクロン運動を効率良く維持できるようにする(請求項の発明)。
In the invention of claim 1 or 2, the insulating plates are each provided with a notch so that the cyclone motion of air containing dust can be efficiently maintained (invention of claim 3 ).

この発明によれば、3種類の集塵方式を有機的に組み合わせるようにしたので、比較的コンパクトな構成で捕集範囲が広く効率の良い集塵が可能になる、という利点がもたらされる。また、モニタ全体が小型,軽量化され、壁掛け式として使用することも可能である。   According to the present invention, since the three types of dust collection methods are organically combined, there is an advantage that efficient dust collection is possible with a relatively compact configuration and a wide collection range. In addition, the entire monitor is reduced in size and weight, and can be used as a wall-mounted type.

図1はこの発明による集塵器を示す構成図である。まず、概要について説明する。
集塵器10は、多数の円形状板を同心円上に等間隔に並べることで、ほぼ均一な磁界を生成する放電電極1と、その外側に配置された円筒状のダスト集電極2とを備え、このダスト集電極2に対し放電電極1に高電圧電源3から直流電圧を印加してコロナ放電を発生させている。
ダストを含んだ空気は、サンプリング吸入口5から入る細くなった管を通過して、ダスト集電極2の内面に接するように入射する。細い管から入射されるため、この入射速度は非常に速く、以後の螺旋運動(サイクロン運動)が維持される。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a dust collector according to the present invention. First, an outline will be described.
The dust collector 10 includes a discharge electrode 1 that generates a substantially uniform magnetic field by arranging a large number of circular plates at equal intervals on a concentric circle, and a cylindrical dust collector electrode 2 disposed on the outside thereof. A corona discharge is generated by applying a DC voltage from the high voltage power source 3 to the discharge electrode 1 with respect to the dust collecting electrode 2.
The dust-containing air passes through the narrowed tube that enters from the sampling inlet 5 and enters the dust collector electrode 2 so as to contact the inner surface. Since the light is incident from a thin tube, the incident speed is very high, and the subsequent spiral motion (cyclonic motion) is maintained.

一方、細い管の内部には、ミスト発生器6からの細い管が接続されている。空気の流速が速いことから、この管よりミストが空気中に混入し、ダスト集電極2の内面に接するように噴出される。ミストは空気中の微細ダストを吸着しながらクラスタを形成し、見かけ上の粒径を大きくすることで洗浄集塵が行われる。その後、空気は放電電極1の各円板の間、および放電電極1と集電極2との間を螺旋状に流れ、この間に放電電極1と集電極2との間のコロナ放電によって発生した電子がダストに吸着し、電界によって集電極2に引きつけられる。また、大きなダストは螺旋運動の遠心力によって集電極2に引きつけられる。これにより、電気集塵および遠心分離集塵が行なわれる。
集塵器10の下端に到達した空気は、例えばスクロールタイプの真空ポンプからなる排気口(ポンプ)7より排出される。このポンプにより、サンプリング空気の流入が行なわれる。なお、符号8は凝結した水を受けるドレン、符号9は空気中のミストを除去するミスト除去器である。
On the other hand, a thin tube from the mist generator 6 is connected to the inside of the thin tube. Since the flow velocity of air is high, mist is mixed into the air from this tube and ejected so as to contact the inner surface of the dust collecting electrode 2. Mist forms clusters while adsorbing fine dust in the air, and cleaning dust collection is performed by increasing the apparent particle size. Thereafter, the air spirally flows between the discs of the discharge electrode 1 and between the discharge electrode 1 and the collector electrode 2, and during this period, electrons generated by corona discharge between the discharge electrode 1 and the collector electrode 2 are dusted. And is attracted to the collector electrode 2 by an electric field. Large dust is attracted to the collector electrode 2 by centrifugal force of spiral movement. Thereby, electrostatic dust collection and centrifugal dust collection are performed.
The air that has reached the lower end of the dust collector 10 is discharged from an exhaust port (pump) 7 formed of, for example, a scroll type vacuum pump. Sampling air is introduced by this pump. In addition, the code | symbol 8 is a drain which receives condensed water, and the code | symbol 9 is a mist remover which removes the mist in air.

以下、各論について説明する。
〔電気集塵方式〕
(1)放電電極について
放電電極1は円形板電極で、その先端からコロナ放電を発生させる。このとき、電極の先端は鋭い角を持つ構造とし、コロナ放電を発生し易くする。また、多段にすることにより放電可能な容積を大きくするとともに、スリット状の先端では乱流を起こし、これにより電子の吸着率を高める効果を期待している。また、放電電極間には絶縁板4を入れる。絶縁板4には、図2に示すように切り欠き4aがあり、この切り欠き4aが交互になるよう配置することで、直進を妨げて螺旋運動が効率良く持続できるようにするとともに、放電空間を区切るようにする。この1区切りの空間から次の区切りの空間への空気の移動は、主に絶縁板4の切り欠き4aで行なうことができ、これによって各空間に留まる時間が長くなり、ダストがイオンを吸着し集電極2に集塵される確率を高くしている。
Each argument will be described below.
[Electric dust collection system]
(1) About discharge electrode The discharge electrode 1 is a circular plate electrode, and generates corona discharge from the front-end | tip. At this time, the tip of the electrode has a structure with a sharp corner to facilitate the generation of corona discharge. In addition, by increasing the number of stages, the dischargeable volume is increased, and a turbulent flow is generated at the slit-shaped tip, which is expected to increase the adsorption rate of electrons. An insulating plate 4 is inserted between the discharge electrodes. As shown in FIG. 2, the insulating plate 4 has cutouts 4a. By arranging the cutouts 4a alternately, the straight movement is prevented and the spiral motion can be sustained efficiently, and the discharge space To be separated. The movement of air from this one space to the next space can be performed mainly by the notches 4a of the insulating plate 4, which increases the time for staying in each space, and the dust adsorbs ions. The probability of being collected by the collector electrode 2 is increased.

(2)放電について
サンプリング空気の吸入口5を細くし、排気口7を真空ポンプで引くことから、
放電電極1,集電極2は負圧となる。電極の先端は鋭い角を持つ構造とし、コロナ放電を起こすことを目的としているのに、電極部が負圧となることから、コロナ放電から異常グロー放電になる可能性がある。この異常グロー放電になると、コロナ放電に比べてイオンの密度が電極全体にわたって均一になり、その量も増えることから集塵率の向上につながる。しかし、電極のスパッタリングが起こり、電極の寿命が短くなるので、いずれによるかは目的に応じて選択することが望ましい。
(3)電極間の移動距離について
複数の放電電極はほぼ等間隔に配置して均一な磁界が形成されるようにするとともに、切り欠き4aをもつ絶縁板4もほぼ等間隔に配置して効率の良い螺旋運動をさせることにより、ダストを含んだ空気は放電電極と集電極との間を、より長い距離を通過することとなり、帯電率が大きくなるようにしている。
(2) About discharge Since the sampling air suction port 5 is narrowed and the exhaust port 7 is pulled with a vacuum pump,
The discharge electrode 1 and the collector electrode 2 have a negative pressure. Although the tip of the electrode has a structure with a sharp corner and is intended to cause corona discharge, the electrode portion has a negative pressure, so there is a possibility of abnormal glow discharge from corona discharge. In this abnormal glow discharge, the density of ions becomes uniform over the entire electrode as compared with the corona discharge, and the amount thereof increases, leading to an improvement in the dust collection rate. However, since sputtering of the electrode occurs and the life of the electrode is shortened, it is desirable to select which one depends on the purpose.
(3) Moving distance between electrodes A plurality of discharge electrodes are arranged at almost equal intervals so as to form a uniform magnetic field, and insulating plates 4 having notches 4a are also arranged at almost equal intervals to improve efficiency. By making a good spiral motion, the dust-containing air passes a longer distance between the discharge electrode and the collector electrode, so that the charging rate is increased.

〔遠心分離集塵方式〕
(1)放電電極間の絶縁板について
サンプリング空気の吸入口5から細い管を通過して、ダスト集電極2の内面に接するように、噴出される空気流でサイクロンを形成するが、放電電極間の絶縁板4はそれを持続させるためのものである。
(2)サイクロンの回転数減少防止
サイクロンの回転数減少を防ぐため、放電電極間には絶縁板4を多段に取り付け、電極間を通過する空気流をサイクロン運動させる。また、その絶縁板4の数を増やすことで、サイクロン回転数を増加させることができる。
(Centrifuge separation dust collection method)
(1) Insulating plate between the discharge electrodes A cyclone is formed by the jetted air stream so as to pass through a thin tube from the sampling air inlet 5 and to contact the inner surface of the dust collecting electrode 2. The insulating plate 4 is for maintaining it.
(2) Prevention of cyclone rotation speed reduction In order to prevent cyclone rotation speed reduction, insulating plates 4 are attached in multiple stages between the discharge electrodes, and the air flow passing between the electrodes is moved in a cyclone motion. Moreover, the cyclone rotation speed can be increased by increasing the number of the insulating plates 4.

〔洗浄集塵方式〕
(1)微細なダストの捕集について
サンプリング吸入口5からの空気に、ミスト発生器6からのミストを混入させる。これにより、ダストにミストが付着し、ダストおよびミストが多数集合してクラスタを形成し、見かけ上の粒子を大きくする。その結果、サイクロンによる集塵機能が向上し、移動速度が大きくなって電気による集塵機能も向上する。なお、集塵器10の下部にドレン8を設け、凝結した水を受けるようにしている。また、排気ポンプ7側にはミスト除去器9を設け、ポンプを水から保護するようにしている。
[Cleaning dust collection method]
(1) About collection of fine dust Mist from the mist generator 6 is mixed into the air from the sampling inlet 5. As a result, mist adheres to the dust, a large number of dust and mist gather to form a cluster, and the apparent particles are enlarged. As a result, the dust collecting function by the cyclone is improved, the moving speed is increased, and the dust collecting function by electricity is also improved. In addition, the drain 8 is provided in the lower part of the dust collector 10, and the condensed water is received. A mist remover 9 is provided on the exhaust pump 7 side to protect the pump from water.

図3はこの発明による検出態様を説明するための斜視図である。
図1のような集塵器10で集塵されたダストは、円筒状のダスト集電極2の内側に吸着している。このダストの放射能を測定するには、管(円筒形)の内壁の放射能を測定する管内β(α)線検出器を使用する。
測定に当たっては、集塵器10からダスト集電極2を外し、検出器の有感面12を覆うように取り付ける。この状態を、図3に示す。
FIG. 3 is a perspective view for explaining a detection mode according to the present invention.
The dust collected by the dust collector 10 as shown in FIG. 1 is adsorbed inside the cylindrical dust collector electrode 2. In order to measure the radioactivity of this dust, an in-tube β (α) ray detector that measures the radioactivity of the inner wall of the tube (cylindrical shape) is used.
In measurement, the dust collecting electrode 2 is removed from the dust collector 10 and attached so as to cover the sensitive surface 12 of the detector. This state is shown in FIG.

すなわち、光電子倍増管11の有感面12に円柱形のライトガイド13の一端を直結し、その側面にプラスチックシンチレータ14を取り付け、さらにその表面を遮光膜15で覆い、完全に遮光する。ライトガイド13の他端には光の反射材を貼り付けるとともに、外部から光が入らないように遮光する。
集電極2で検出器の有感面12を覆うように配置すると、集電極2の内面から放出された放射線(β線またはα線)は、検出器の遮光膜15を通過してプラスチックシンチレータ14に入射される。プラスチックシンチレータ14は、この放射線によりシンチレーション光を発光する。この光はライトガイド13を通して光電子倍増管11で受光され、電気信号に変換される。
That is, one end of a cylindrical light guide 13 is directly connected to the sensitive surface 12 of the photomultiplier tube 11, a plastic scintillator 14 is attached to the side surface, and the surface is covered with a light shielding film 15 to completely shield light. A light reflecting material is affixed to the other end of the light guide 13 and shielded from light from the outside.
When the collector electrode 2 is arranged so as to cover the sensitive surface 12 of the detector, the radiation (β rays or α rays) emitted from the inner surface of the collector electrode 2 passes through the light shielding film 15 of the detector and the plastic scintillator 14. Is incident on. The plastic scintillator 14 emits scintillation light by this radiation. This light is received by the photomultiplier tube 11 through the light guide 13 and converted into an electric signal.

この発明のダスト集塵器を示す構成図The block diagram which shows the dust collector of this invention 図1の上部から見た断面図Sectional view from the top of FIG. 検出方法の説明図Illustration of detection method

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…放電電極、2…ダスト集電極、3…高電圧電源、4…絶縁板、4a…切り欠き、5…サンプリング吸入口、6…ミスト発生器、7…排気口(ポンプ)、8…ドレン、9…ミスト除去器、10…ダスト集塵器、11…光電子倍増管、12…検出器有感面、13…ライトガイド、14…プラスチックシンチレータ、15…遮光膜。

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Discharge electrode, 2 ... Dust collector electrode, 3 ... High voltage power source, 4 ... Insulating plate, 4a ... Notch, 5 ... Sampling inlet, 6 ... Mist generator, 7 ... Exhaust port (pump), 8 ... Drain DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Mist remover, 10 ... Dust collector, 11 ... Photomultiplier tube, 12 ... Detector sensitive surface, 13 ... Light guide, 14 ... Plastic scintillator, 15 ... Light shielding film.

Claims (3)

洗浄集塵機能と電気集塵機能と遠心分離集塵機能とを備えた集塵器と、この集塵器により集塵したダストの放射能を測定する検出器とを有し、ろ紙を使用することなくダストの放射能測定を可能にしたダストモニタであって、
前記集塵器は、同心円筒状体の上部にダストを含む空気を吸入する吸入口と、その空気にミストを混入させるミスト発生器と、前記同心円筒状体の内側の円筒に複数設けられた円板状電極と、この円板状電極間にそれぞれ設けられた絶縁板と、前記同心円筒状体の外側の円筒の内面に形成されたダスト集電極と、その下部にダストを除去された空気を排出する排出口とからなることを特徴とするダストモニタ。
It has a dust collector equipped with a cleaning dust collection function, an electric dust collection function, and a centrifugal dust collection function, and a detector that measures the radioactivity of the dust collected by this dust collector. a dust monitor that enables the measurement of radioactivity,
A plurality of dust collectors are provided in a suction port for sucking air containing dust at the upper part of a concentric cylindrical body, a mist generator for mixing mist into the air, and a cylinder inside the concentric cylindrical body. Disc-shaped electrodes, insulating plates provided between the disc-shaped electrodes, dust collecting electrodes formed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder of the concentric cylindrical body, and air from which dust has been removed A dust monitor characterized by comprising a discharge port for discharging gas.
前記複数の円板状電極は、それぞれ等間隔に設けることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のダストモニタ。 The dust monitor according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of disk-shaped electrodes are provided at equal intervals . 前記絶縁板にはそれぞれ切り欠きを設けることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のダストモニタ。 Dust monitor of claim 1 or 2, characterized by providing a notch respectively in the insulating plate.
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