JP4298997B2 - Tea beverage ingredients and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Tea beverage ingredients and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP4298997B2
JP4298997B2 JP2002382298A JP2002382298A JP4298997B2 JP 4298997 B2 JP4298997 B2 JP 4298997B2 JP 2002382298 A JP2002382298 A JP 2002382298A JP 2002382298 A JP2002382298 A JP 2002382298A JP 4298997 B2 JP4298997 B2 JP 4298997B2
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tea
tea leaves
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temperature
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JP2004208605A (en
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正巳 笹目
謙次 島岡
洋子 上野
章雄 伊藤
仁 衣笠
仁 新納
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株式会社 伊藤園
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、プラスチックボトルや缶等の容器に充填されて市場に提供される茶飲料(ドリンク)用の原料及びその製造方法に関し、詳しくは、香味豊かで、保管時に二次オリを発生し難い茶飲料の原料及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、日本の緑茶は、茶葉及び飲料(ドリンク)の形態で販売されるものを含めてその大半が、摘採された茶生葉を蒸気で蒸して茶生葉に含まれる酸化酵素を不活性化(殺青)させた後、粗揉、揉捻、中揉及び精揉等によって揉込み、乾燥させる一連の工程を経て製造されていた(非特許文献1参照)。
このように生葉を蒸気で蒸す蒸熱法によって茶葉を殺青すると、蒸熱によって茶葉全体が柔らかくなるため、茶葉中の成分の溶出性を高めることができ、濃いお茶を入れることができる。
【0003】
他方、中国茶や日本の釜炒り茶(かまいり製玉緑茶)などでは、蒸熱の代わりに、加熱した釜で茶葉を炒ることによって酸化酵素を不活性化(殺青)させる方法が採られる(非特許文献1参照)。
直火加熱によって茶葉を殺青すると、釜炒り特有の香味を発揚できると同時に、すっきりとした味の茶に仕上げることができるため、最近では釜炒りで製造した原料茶葉を使った茶飲料も販売されている。
【0004】
その他、嬉野茶などで採用されている炒り蒸や、湿度60〜90%、温度250〜390℃程度の高湿度熱風を当てて加熱処理を行う殺青方法(特許文献1:特開平9−233997号及び特許文献2:特開2001−136908号参照)なども知られている。
【0005】
【非特許文献1】
静岡県茶業会議所編、1988、「新茶業全書」、静岡県茶業会議所、p275−276
【特許文献1】
特開平9−233997号
【特許文献2】
特開2001−136908号
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
茶飲料の製造においては、容器詰後の保管時に発生し得る二次オリを如何に抑えるかが、未だ重要な課題である。
そこで本発明の目的は、新たな観点から直火加熱により殺青する方法に着目し、二次オリが発生せず、それでいて香味豊かな茶飲料が得られる茶飲料原料を製造せんとすることにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、茶生葉を直火加熱する殺青工程、加熱された茶葉を湿度約65〜75%の湿り空間に通して冷やしながら茶葉内の水分の均一化を図る調湿工程、茶葉を揉込む揉込工程、揉込んだ茶葉を乾燥させる乾燥工程を備えた茶飲料原料の製造方法を提案する。
【0008】
本発明の製造方法によれば、香味豊かでかつ二次オリが発生し難い茶飲料の原料を製造することができる。即ち、茶生葉を直火加熱して高温短時間で一気に殺青することにより、急速に酵素の活性を失活させ、発酵及び生化学反応を停止させて香気、滋味、水色を固定させると同時に、直火加熱によって茶葉の表皮部を乾燥させて硬化させ、茶葉の溶出性を一旦低下させる。そして、続く調湿工程で、茶葉を冷やしながら茶葉内の水分の均一化を図る。即ち茶葉の表皮部と内部の含水率(言い換えれば「湿り気」)を均一にして茶葉全体を柔らかくし、前記工程で一旦低下した溶出性を再び高める。このように直火加熱による殺青と茶葉内水分の均一化を図る調湿とを組合わせることによって、二次オリ原因物質(ストリクチニン等)の溶出性を抑制しつつ香味成分の溶出性を確保することができ、その結果として香味豊かでかつ二次オリが発生し難い茶飲料の原料を製造することができるものと考えられる。これにより、二次オリ発生を抑制するために行われてきた濾過、化学薬剤や酵素試薬の添加、イオン交換処理などの各種処理を省略することができたり、若しくはそれらの処理負担を軽減することができる。
また、茶葉を高温短時間で殺青することにより、茶飲料製造工程における加熱殺菌時の熱変性を防ぐ効果を享受することもできる。
【0009】
本発明において「茶飲料」とは、ビン、缶、プラスチックボトル(ペットボトルなど)、紙容器などに充填され、容器詰め飲料の形態で市販される茶飲料(ドリンク)を意味する。
本発明で「二次オリ」とは、微粉の沈殿を含まず、フロック状(綿状)の懸濁・沈殿物を意図しており、「一次オリ」とは区別されるものである。
本発明の調湿工程における「冷やしながら」とは、後述するように、強制冷却及び自然冷却を包含する意であり、例えば調湿工程に投入される茶葉の温度よりも低い温度下に存在させて茶葉を冷やすようにすればよい。
また、「茶葉内の水分の均一化」とは、茶葉の表面部分と内側部分の水分量をほぼ均一にするという意であり、本発明の如く茶葉表面が乾燥する傾向にある場合は、茶葉表面の水分量が所定値以上であるか否かによって「茶葉内の水分の均一化」を判断することができる。具体的には、茶葉の電気抵抗値が約10kΩ以下であるか否か、或いは、しとり度が13〜18以上であるか否かによって判断することができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明するが、本発明の範囲が実施の形態に制限されるものでない。
【0011】
本発明の茶飲料原料の製造方法では、茶生葉を直火加熱する殺青工程、直火加熱された茶葉を湿り空間に存在させて冷やしながら茶葉内の水分の均一化を図る調湿工程、茶葉を揉込む揉込工程、揉込んだ茶葉を乾燥させる乾燥工程を経て茶飲料原料を製造する。
各工程に他の処理を付加することや、本発明の製造方法に他の工程を追加することは任意である。
以下、より詳細に説明する。
【0012】
(原料)
原料としては、茶樹(学名:Camellia sinensis )から摘採した葉や茎であればその産地、摘採時期、摘採方法などを限らず、どのような茶種も対象とすることができる。
なお、原料茶葉の産地、摘採時期、摘採方法などが異なれば茶葉中のストリクチニン含有量が異なることを本発明者のグループは見出している。
【0013】
(予備工程)
殺青工程に入る前に、摘採した茶生葉を洗浄したり、品質劣化しないように所定の雰囲気下で保存したり、殺菌工程に入る前に摘採した茶生葉を適宜処理すること或いは所定条件下で保存することは必要に応じて任意に行うことができる。
【0014】
(殺青工程)
殺青工程では、茶生葉を直火加熱し、高温短時間で殺青する。この際、直火加熱する方法を特に限定するものではなく、加熱された面に茶生葉を接触させる加熱方法であれば採用可能である。例えば釜炒りで用いられる炒り釜や、円筒状の回転胴を外側から加熱する構成の殺青胴などで茶葉を加熱する方法等を挙げることができる。
【0015】
加熱温度、即ち茶葉と接触する加熱面の温度、例えば炒り釜や殺青胴であれば内面壁温度は、茶種、茶時期、形状などによって適切な温度に調整するのが好ましく特に限定するものではないが、約300〜450℃程度、特に約350〜450℃程度とするのが好ましい。従来の釜炒りの温度が一般的に300〜330℃程度であったことに比べると、従来より約20〜120℃程度高くするのが特に好ましい。350℃よりも著しく低いとムレ香や青臭が付帯する可能性がある。逆に450℃よりも著しく高いとコゲる可能性がある。
加熱時間に関しても、茶種、茶時期、形状などによって適切な温度に調整するのが好ましく特に限定するものではないが、約30秒〜5分、特に約1.5〜3分とするのが好ましい。
【0016】
また、本発明の殺青工程では、釜を回転させると共に釜内部に設けられたじゃま板等で攪拌したり、或いは釜内で攪拌羽等を回転させるなど、茶葉を攪拌させながら加熱するのが好ましい。
なお、従来の殺青は複数段階に分けて加熱されることが多かったが、本発明は、直火加熱による高温短時間の加熱によって一段階の加熱で殺青を済ませることができる点は特徴の一つである。
【0017】
このように茶生葉を高温短時間で一気に殺青することによって、急速に酵素の活性を失活させることができ、発酵及び生化学反応を停止させて香気、滋味、水色を固定することができる。同時に直火加熱によって、茶葉に含有されている水分が発散し、特に茶葉の表皮部が乾燥し硬化するため、茶葉の溶出性をこの段階で一旦低下させることができる。また、茶葉を高温短時間で殺青することにより、茶飲料製造工程における加熱殺菌時の飲料の熱変性を防ぐこともできる。
【0018】
(調湿工程)
調湿工程では、前工程で加熱された茶葉を湿り空間内に存在させて、冷やしながら茶葉内の水分の均一化を図るように処理する。
この際、茶葉内の水分の均一化を図るためには、茶葉が含んでいる水分の放出を抑制するか、若しくは茶葉に水分を吸収させるようにすればよい。つまり、茶葉の温度(「茶温」とも言う)が高すぎると茶葉内部の水分が放散されるためである。
【0019】
茶葉を冷やす手段としては、茶葉に送風を当てて直接冷却することも可能であるが、湿り空間の温度を茶温よりも低くし、この湿り空間内に所定時間茶葉を存在させて自然に冷却する方法を採用するのが好ましい。この際、湿り空間内を強制的に冷却してもよいが、殺青工程から投入される茶温は約80〜100℃程度であるから、かかる茶温以下の湿り空間であれば、例えば加熱も冷却もしない湿り空間内であっても、殺青工程から投入される茶葉を存在させることで自然に冷却させることができる。
【0020】
茶葉内の水分の均一化を図る方法としては、湿り空間内で蒸気等を茶葉に直接当てる方法を採用することも可能であるが、所定の湿度を備えた湿り空間に茶葉を存在させる方法を採用することもできる。
「湿り空間」としては、蒸気や蒸気を含んだ空気等を空間内に供給して室内の湿度を高める構成のものであってもよいし、又、ほぼ密閉された空間内に前記工程で加熱された茶葉を存在させ、茶葉に含有されている水分の発散によって室内の湿度を確保する構成のものでもよい。このような湿り空間は、排気量によって空間内の湿度を調整することができる。この際の「ほぼ密閉された空間」としては、任意の構成のものを採用することができる。空間内の空気が大量に外部に逃げて湿度が低下することがない構成のものであればよい。例えば、筒状或いはトンネル状の胴部の両端に出口及び入口を設け、出口及び入口に開閉自在な扉を設けたり、出口及び入口の径を胴部の径よりも小さく形成したり、或いは、出口及び入口にエアカーテンを設けたりして、ほぼ密閉された空間を形成することができる。
【0021】
調湿方法の具体例としては、例えば、加熱も冷却もせず、かつ蒸気等を供給しない略密閉された空間(湿り空間)内で茶葉を移送して茶葉内の水分の均一化を図る方法を挙げることができる。
湿り空間内を移送する際、茶葉を攪拌するのが好ましく、例えば回転胴の如く湿り空間自体を回転させるか、或いは空間内部に攪拌棒或いはスクリュー状の攪拌送り羽根を設けて、湿り空間内を攪拌させながら移送させるのが好ましい。
【0022】
湿り空間内の湿度は、約65〜75%、特に約70〜75%とするのが好ましく、茶温や空間内温度との関係で適宜調整するのが好ましい。例えば、湿り空間内に投入された直後の茶温が80〜100℃である場合を想定すると、約70〜75%であるのが好ましい。
湿り空間内の温度は、約30〜90℃、特に30〜50℃とするのが好ましい。別の観点から言えば、湿り空間内に投入された直後の茶温よりも約20〜30℃低くするのが好ましい。例えば、湿り空間内に投入された直後の茶温が80〜100℃である場合を想定すると、約50〜70℃であるのが好ましい。
湿り空間内に茶葉を存在させる時間(即ち、湿り空間内を通過させる時間でもある)は、温度及び湿度に応じて調整するのが好ましいが、約1分〜5分程度、中でも約1.5〜3分程度とするのが好ましい。
【0023】
調湿工程後の茶温、言い換えれば湿り空間を出た直後の茶温は、限定するものではないが、約35〜50℃、特に約35〜45℃まで低下させるようにするのが好ましい。但し、35℃を越えて低くなると次第に色褪せを起すようになり、50℃を越えて高くなると次第に褐色を帯びるようになる。
また、調湿工程後の茶葉の含水量、即ち揉込み時の含水量は約50〜70%、特に約60〜70%とするのが好ましい。50%程度よりも低いと、茶飲料とした際に香味成分の溶出性にムラが生じて品質が安定しなくなり、外形的にも葉崩れが生じるようになる。その一方、70%を越えて80%より高くなると葉汁の流出によって溶出成分が変成したり、外形的には揉込時に団子状に固まるようになったりする。
調湿工程後の茶葉の含水量は、殺青工程の加熱条件及び調湿工程の湿り空間の温度・湿度・滞留時間などによって調整することができる。
なお、茶葉の含水量の測定は、100℃・5時間乾燥法(1975年3月、農林省茶業試験場において緑茶製造試験測定調査基準として採用。生葉から中揉葉までの比較的水分の多いものについては、約10gの茶葉をパラフィン紙の袋に採って、送風式定温乾燥器で100℃・5時間乾燥して水分値を求める方法。)或いは、105℃・16時間乾燥法(静岡県茶業試験場にて採用。生葉及び製茶工程中の茶の水分を近赤外法により測定する方法であり、ミジン切りカッターで切断した生葉10gをアルミ秤量缶に採取し、常圧105℃で約16時間乾燥させて水分値を測定することにより検量線作成のための基準となる水分値を求める方法。)、或いはこれらの測定値の平均値の算出、或いはその他の常圧加熱乾燥法によって行うことができる。
【0024】
上記調湿工程を経ることによって、茶葉内の水分量の均一化、言い換えれば水分量における茶葉の均質化を図ることができ、茶葉の表皮部と内部の湿り気(含水量)を均一にして茶葉全体を柔らかくすることができ、殺青工程で一旦低下した茶葉の内容成分、中でも香味成分の溶出性を高める一方、二次オリ原因物質の溶出性を抑制することができる。
ちなみに、殺青工程を経た茶葉を直に揉込み工程に送ると、揉込み時に葉切れが生じるばかりか、得られた茶飲料原料の香味成分の溶出性が低いままとなり、甘みや渋み等の香味が充分に抽出されないことになる。
【0025】
茶葉の表皮部と内部との湿り気(含水量)が均一であるか否かは、上述したように茶葉の表面部分の水分量と内側部分の水分量とが略同じであるか否かによって判断することができ、実際に茶葉の表面部分の水分量と内側部分の水分量とを測定して比較してもよいが、本件の如く茶葉表面が乾燥する傾向にある場合は、茶葉表面の水分量を測定し、その値が所定値以上であるか否かによって判断することができる。具体的には、茶葉の電気抵抗値が約10kΩ以下であるか否か、或いは、しとり度が13〜18以上であるか否かによって判断することができる。
この際、茶葉の電気抵抗値は、サンプリングした茶葉の表面電気抵抗を絶縁抵抗計により測定することができる。
また、しとり度は、所定量の茶葉を電極板に挟まれた空間(500〜1000cm3)に充填し、当該空間を圧縮した時の電極板間の電気抵抗値を「しとり度」として測定するものであり(測定装置については特開2001−17082号[0008]〜[0025]の記載を参照することができる。)、実際には、高水分域水分度計「しとり(寺田製作所社製)」の測定値を読取ることで計測することができる。
【0026】
本発明において、殺青工程と調湿工程は連続工程としても非連続工程としてもよい。即ち、製造装置としては、殺青工程の直火加熱装置と調湿工程の調湿装置とを非連続的に独立して設置しても、また、コンベア等で結んで連続的に処理できるように設置してもよい。また、直火加熱装置と調湿装置とを一体の装置とすることもできる。例えば、円筒若しくはトンネル状の略密閉された胴部内で茶葉を移送し、当該胴部の入り口付近のみを外側から直火加熱して殺青し、その後出口に向って茶葉を移送する間に冷やしながら調湿を行い得る構成とすることもできる。
【0027】
調湿工程を経た茶葉は、必要に応じて室温程度まで冷却した後、これも必要に応じて葉打ち(熱風を送りながら打圧を加えて揉む)し、その後揉捻工程に送るようにすればよい。
【0028】
(揉込工程)
揉込工程は、常法に従って行えばよい。例えば、常法に従って粗揉、揉捻、中揉及び精揉の作業を順次行えばよい。場合によっては、揉捻作業のみ、或いは揉捻作業と他の一種類以上の組合わせからなる作業を行うだけでもよい。通常は機械によって茶葉を転動相互摩擦して揉むが、手揉みで行ってもよい。
上記の如く調湿工程を経た茶葉を揉込むことにより、茶葉の組織細胞を破壊して内容成分を抽出し易くすることができ、内容成分の抽出率を高めることができる。また、前記工程での水分の均一化を本工程でもより一層図ることができる。
【0029】
(乾燥工程)
揉込工程を経た茶葉は、常法に従って乾燥すればよい。例えば熱風式乾燥機、直火式水分乾燥機等によって乾燥させればよく、好ましくは茶葉中の水分を約5%程度まで乾燥させるのがよい。
乾燥作業では、揉込み葉の中に残留した酵素を高温処理によって破壊し、発酵作用及びその他の生化学反応を完全に停止させて品質を安定化させることができる。また、高温処理によって茶葉の香気、滋味を改善することもできる。また、長期保存に耐えられるようにもなる。
【0030】
(茶飲料の製造)
以上の如く製造された茶飲料原料(原料茶葉)は、現在行われている茶飲料の製造方法、一例を挙げれば、原料茶葉を抽出する抽出工程、抽出液を濾過する濾過工程、抽出液の濃度及びpHを調製する調合工程、調合液を加熱殺菌する殺菌工程を経て茶飲料を製造することができる。ただし、これは一例であって、前記各工程の順序変更、工程の削除、工程の追加などは適宜可能である。
また、原料茶葉に公知の仕上加工を施し、所謂仕上茶を茶飲料の製造方法に供することも可能である。なお、仕上加工によって茶抽出液中のストリクチニン含有量が左右されることはない。
以下、上記に挙げた茶飲料の製造工程例について詳細に説明する。
【0031】
茶の抽出は、例えば、常法に従ってニーダーと呼ばれる抽出装置を用いて、原料茶葉に対して20〜50倍量、0〜100℃の抽出水で約1〜20分間、必要に応じて1回〜数回攪拌して、常圧で抽出を行えばよい。但し、抽出方法及び抽出条件等を特に限定するものではなく、例えば加圧抽出を行ってもよい。
抽出の際に用いる抽出水は、硬水、軟水、イオン交換水、天然水、アスコルビン酸含有水溶液及びpH調製水等を例示することができる。
抽出温度即ち抽出する温水の温度は45〜100℃、特に好ましくは60〜90℃の温水で抽出するのが好ましい。
【0032】
抽出によって得られた抽出液は、必要に応じて5〜40℃程度に冷却する。同時に又はその前後に、必要に応じて、抽出液にアスコルビン酸やアスコルビン酸ナトリウムなどを加えて酸性(pH4〜5)に調製してもよい。抽出液の冷却或いは酸性調製によって抽出成分の酸化を防ぐことができると共に、一次オリ原因成分を沈殿させて後工程の遠心分離の効率を高めることができる。
【0033】
濾過工程は、例えば、茶葉や大きな微粉などの抽出残渣を除去する粗濾過、並びに、一次オリの原因物質を除去する濾過を行うのが好ましい。但し、これらの粗濾過及び一次オリ原因物質除去濾過を製造工程中のどこに挿入するかは任意である。
粗濾過は、ネル、ステンレスフィルター、ストレーナーその他抽出残渣を除去するために現在採用されている濾過方法を任意に採用することができる。
【0034】
一次オリの原因物質を除去する濾過方法としては、遠心分離に続いて珪藻土濾過或いは適当な膜濾過を行うなどの方法がある。
ちなみに、遠心分離は、例えば5000〜10000rpmの回転数で行えばよく、遠心分離するに当たっては上記の如く予め抽出液又は調合液を5〜40℃程度に冷却するのが好ましい。
なお、珪藻土濾過を行う場合には必ずしも遠心分離を挿入する必要はないが、前工程に遠心分離を挿入することにより珪藻土濾過の負担軽減、例えば透過流量の増加により濾過時間を短縮することができる。
膜濾過としては、微細濾過、精密濾過、限外濾過、逆浸透膜濾過、電気透析、生物機能性膜などの膜分離を挙げることができ、上記珪藻土濾過などの濾過助剤を用いた濾過と組合わせて行うようにしてもよい。
上記遠心分離、珪藻土濾過及び膜濾過の方法及び設定条件などは任意に調整可能である。
【0035】
調合工程では、通常の茶飲料の製造方法と同様、水(硬水、軟水、イオン交換水、天然水その他)、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、重曹、糖類、デキストリン、香料、乳化剤、安定剤、或いはその他の呈味原料などのいずれか或いはこれらのうち二種以上の組合わせを添加し、主にpH調製、濃度調製、味の調整を行うようにすればよい。
【0036】
加熱殺菌工程は、缶飲料であれば、必要に応じて再加熱した後、調合液を充填し、レトルト殺菌(例えば、適宜加圧下(1.2mmHgなど)の下、121℃で7分間加熱殺菌する。)を行い、プラスチックボトル飲料の場合にはUHT殺菌(調合液を120〜150℃で1秒〜数十秒保持する。)を行うようにすればよい。
【0037】
(本発明の定量的特徴)
本発明の茶飲料原料の製造方法によれば、茶飲料製造時に抽出される二次オリの原因物質(ストリクチニン等)の量(原料に含まれる量との関係で言えば溶出率)を抑制しつつ、茶飲料の香味に影響する内容成分(即ち香味成分)の抽出量(原料との比較では溶出率)を高める(蒸熱との比較で言えば同様なレベルに維持する)ことができ、香味豊かでかつ二次オリの発生し難い茶飲料及びその原料を製造することができる。また、二次オリの原因物質の量を低下させるということは、従来行われてきた二次オリの発生を防ぐための様々な処理を省略できるか或いは処理負担の軽減を図ることができることを意味している。
【0038】
具体的には、本発明によって得られた茶飲料原料(原料茶葉)は、一般的な茶飲料の製造方法、例えば、熱水で原料茶葉を抽出し、抽出液を粗濾過し、一旦冷却して遠心分離を行って一次オリ成分(不溶性画分)を除去した後、L−アスコルビン酸等を加えて調合し、次いで加熱殺菌するという製造方法にて茶飲料を作製すれば、その茶飲料中のストリクチニン濃度を約6ppm以下とすることができ、二次オリが発生し難い茶飲料を得ることができる。
【0039】
「ストリクチニン」とは、下記化学式で示される物質(1-O-galloyl-4,6-O -(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucose)であって、茶から抽出されるタンニン、詳しくはエラジタンニン(ellagitannins)の一種である(「Casuariin, Stachyurin and Strictinin, new Ellagitannins from Casuarina Stricta and Stachyurus Praecox」、Chem.Pharm.Bull.30(2)766-769(1982))。
本発明者のグループは、茶抽出液中の「ストリクチニン」が「エラグ酸」に分解され、この「エラグ酸」が「タンパク質」と結合して二次オリを形成すること、即ちストリクチニンが二次オリ発生の原因物質の一つであることを確認しており、不発酵茶の場合、茶飲料のストリクチニン濃度が約6ppm以下であれば、二次オリは発生し難いことを確かめている。
【0040】
【化1】

Figure 0004298997
【0041】
なお、茶飲料中のストリクチニン濃度(含有量)は、液中のストリクチニン量を高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)等で測定することができる。
【0042】
(試験1)
本発明の製造方法による茶飲料原料(原料茶葉)と、他の製造方法による茶飲料原料とを比較するため、本試験を行った。
【0043】
1.原料茶葉の製造
1) 5月上旬に静岡県にて摘採した生葉を、円筒回転型連続式炒り葉機(カワサキ機工製;φ380mm)を用いて直火にて加熱し(加熱時間1.5分)、送風して室温程度まで冷却後、連続式揉捻機(カワサキ機工製)を使用して上部からの加重を与えて揉み込み(揉捻)、連続式送帯式棚乾燥機(カワサキ機工製)を用いて乾燥させて原料茶葉を得た。これをサンプルNo.1とした。
また、同条件にて直火加熱、冷却後、揉捻せずに乾燥させたものをサンプルNo.2とした。
【0044】
2) 上記の茶生葉を、連続式送帯式蒸し機((株)宮村鉄工所製)を用いて無圧蒸気で蒸し((加熱時間1.5分)、その後サンプルNo.1と同様に冷却、揉捻、乾燥した原料茶葉をサンプルNo.3とし、また、揉捻せずに乾燥させたものをサンプルNo.4とした。
【0045】
3) 上記の茶生葉を、サンプルNo.1と同様に直火にて加熱した後、湿り空間内を通して調湿せしめ、その後冷却することなく、サンプルNo.1と同様に揉捻、乾燥した原料茶葉をサンプルNo.5とした。
なお、この際の調湿は、湿度約75%、温度約80℃に調整した半密閉式の円筒内を撹拌しながら連続的に茶葉を通過させることで実施した。
【0046】
上記各原料茶葉の製造におけるその他の条件を表1に示した。
【0047】
【表1】
Figure 0004298997
【0048】
2.飲料の調製
1) 上記の如く得られた各サンプル(原料茶葉)20gを、70℃の蒸留水800mlにて3.5分間抽出し、メッシュ(150メッシュ)にて残渣を除去した。得られた抽出液を室温まで急冷し、さらに遠心分離(7000rpm、10分)処理を行って不溶性画分を除去した後、L−アスコルビン酸を調合メスアップ量に対して300ppm加え、重曹にてpH6.0に調整し、蒸留水にて全体を2000mlにメスアップした。
2)得られた調合液を133℃〜135℃にて30秒間UHT殺菌後、PETボトルに充填し急冷して、容器詰茶飲料とした。
【0049】
3.各項目の測定および分析
1)抽出効率
上記工程で得られた抽出液に関し、以下の式にて抽出効率を算出した。
抽出効率(%)=抽出液量(g)×Brix値(水可溶性固形物量)/茶葉使用量(g)
【0050】
2)カテキンおよびカフェイン
茶飲料のカテキンおよびカフェイン含有量を高速液体クロマトグラフィー法(HPLC法)にて測定した。
即ち、上記で得られた各茶飲料を攪拌し、0.45μmフィルターで濾過後、下記条件でHPLCを用い測定した。
(HPLC条件)
カラム;Wakosil-II5C18HG φ4.6×(30+250)mm
カラム温度;40℃
流速 ;1.0ml/min
検出 ;UV280
移動相;22%MeOH(0.1%リン酸)
【0051】
3)ストリクチニン
上記で得られた各茶飲料を攪拌し、0.45μmフィルターで濾過した後、以下条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)にて測定した。
(HPLC条件)
カラム;Wakosil-II5C18HG φ4.6×(30+250)mm
カラム温度;40℃
流速 ;0.6ml/min
検出 ;UV280
移動相A;15%MeOH(0.1%リン酸)
移動相B;45%MeOH(0.1%リン酸)
【0052】
【表2】
Figure 0004298997
【0053】
4)アミノ酸
上記で得られた各茶飲料を攪拌し、0.45μmフィルターで濾過した後、茶の公定法をもとにOPA処理してアミノ酸のOPA誘導体を作り、下記条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)にて測定した。
(HPLC条件)
カラム;Wakosil-II5C18HG φ4.6×(30+250)mm
カラム温度;40℃
流速 ;1.0ml/min
検出 ;蛍光 波長455mm 励起波長340mm
移動相A;10mMリン酸緩衝液 pH6.0
移動相B;アセトニトリル
【0054】
【表3】
Figure 0004298997
【0055】
5)オリの発生状況
上記で得られた各茶飲料を37℃にて1ヶ月間保管し、目視にて確認した。
(評価指標)
5点;オリなし; −
4点;微粉状のオリが発生 +
3点;綿状のオリ(直径1cm以下) ++
2点;綿状のオリ(直径1cm以上が1個〜3個) +++
1点;綿状のオリ(直径1cm以上が4個以上) ++++
【0056】
4.評価
上記で得られた各茶飲料について、一般パネラー10名により官能審査を行い、香り(加熱臭の有無)、滋味について審査した。その結果と上記のオリの発生状況それぞれについて以下の指標にて判定した。
【0057】
(評価指標)
香り
5点;加熱臭がなく、香りが良好である
4点;加熱臭がほとんどなく、香りが良好である
3点;加熱臭がややあり、香りが弱い
2点;加熱臭が強く、香りが弱い
1点;加熱臭が非常に強く、香りがない
【0058】
滋味
5点;甘みが強くあり、濃度感が強い
4点;甘みと濃度感がある
3点;若干甘みがあり、濃度感が弱い
2点;甘みが弱く、雑味・苦味がある
1点;甘みがなく水っぽい、雑味・苦味が強い
【0059】
総合評価
上記の香り、滋味、オリの発生状況から得られた評価を以下の指標にて判定した。
◎;優(12点以上) ○;良(8点以上) △;やや良(5点以上)×;不良(5点未満)
【0060】
5.結果及び考察
上記の結果を表4に示し、その考察を表5に示す。
【0061】
【表4】
Figure 0004298997
【0062】
【表5】
Figure 0004298997
【0063】
(試験2)
茶生葉を直火にて加熱した後、湿り空間を通して調湿せしめる茶飲料原料(原料茶葉)の製造方法において、適切な加熱温度を選定するために本試験を行った。
【0064】
1.原料茶葉の製造
5月上旬に静岡県にて摘採した生葉を、試験1のサンプルNo.1と同様に直火加熱した(但し加熱条件は下記)後、湿度約75%、温度約80℃に調整した半密閉式の円筒内を撹拌しながら連続的に茶葉を通過させることで調湿させ、その後試験1のサンプルNo.5と同様に揉捻、乾燥して原料茶葉を得た。
なお、直火加熱の加熱条件は、釜温度200℃、300℃、350℃、400℃、450℃、500℃、550℃の7温度帯にて行った。
【0065】
2.飲料調製
試験1と同様に茶飲料を製造し調製した。
【0066】
3.官能評価
得られた各サンプル(茶飲料)を10人の検査員により審査した。原料は香り・水色について、飲料は香り・滋味についてそれぞれ5点法で採点し以下の指標にて評価した。これらの結果に基づいて、総合評価を判定した。原料評価は茶葉を40倍の70℃温水にて3.5分抽出したもので行った。
【0067】
(評価指標)
原料評価 香り
5点;香りが強く、焦げ臭や萎凋香などがない
4点;香りがあり、焦げ臭や萎凋香などがほとんどない
3点;香りが弱く、焦げ臭や萎凋香などがほとんどない
2点;香りがなく、焦げ臭あるいは萎凋香などがある
1点;香りがなく、焦げ臭あるいは萎凋香などが強い
【0068】
原料評価 水色
5点;沈殿が少なく澄んでおり、液色は青味がかっている
4点;沈殿が少なく澄んでいるが、液色はやや黄みがかっている
3点;沈殿があり、液色は黄みおよび赤みがある
2点;沈殿があり濁っている、あるいは液色の赤みがある
1点;沈殿が多く非常に濁っている、あるいは赤黒みがある
【0069】
飲料評価 香り
5点;香りが強く、焦げ臭や萎凋香、加熱臭などがない
4点;香りがあり、焦げ臭や萎凋香、加熱臭などがない
3点;香りは弱いが、焦げ臭や萎凋香、加熱臭などがほとんどない
2点;香りがなく、焦げ臭あるいは萎凋香、加熱臭などがある
1点;香りがなく、焦げ臭あるいは萎凋香、加熱臭などが強い
【0070】
飲料評価 滋味
5点;甘味が強く、適度な渋味があり、緑茶らしい
4点;甘味と渋味が適度にある
3点;甘味はあるが渋味はやや弱い
2点;甘味が弱く、苦渋味が強い、または全体的に薄い
1点;甘味がなく、苦渋味が非常に強い、または全体的に薄く水っぽい
【0071】
4.結果
上記官能検査の結果を表6に示す。
【0072】
【表6】
Figure 0004298997
【0073】
(試験3)
茶飲料中のストリクチニン含有量を測定するために本試験を行った。
【0074】
1. 飲料調製
1) 試験1のサンプルNo.5と同様の原料茶葉の製造方法において、調湿および揉捻の条件を調節し、得られた原料茶葉を用いて茶飲料のストリクチニン濃度とオリの発生状況を確認した。
即ち、各原料茶葉サンプル20gを70℃の蒸留水(pH5.9)800mlにて3.5分間抽出し、メッシュ(150メッシュ)にて残渣を除去した。室温まで急冷し、さらに遠心分離(7000rpm、10分)処理を行って不溶性画分を除去した後、L−アスコルビン酸を調合メスアップ量に対して300ppm加え、重曹にてpH6.0に調整し、蒸留水にて全体を2000mlにメスアップした。
2) 得られた調合液を133℃〜135℃にて30秒間UHT殺菌後、PETボトルに充填し急冷して容器詰茶飲料とした。
【0075】
2.各項目の測定および分析
1)ストリクチニン含有量
試験1と同様に測定した。
2)オリの発生状況
37℃にて保管し、1週間後、1ヶ月後に目視確認。
(評価指標)
オリなし; −
オリ発生;微粉状のもの +
綿状のもの(直径1cm以下) ++
綿状のもの(直径1cm以上が1個〜3個) +++
綿状のもの(直径1cm以上が4個以上) ++++
【0076】
【表7】
Figure 0004298997
【0077】
(試験4)
揉捻時の水分による茶の外観および内質を評価するために本試験を行った。
【0078】
1.原料茶葉の製造
試験1のサンプルNo.5と同様の原料茶葉の製造方法において、揉捻工程での水分値を40%〜80%までの間に調整して得た原料茶葉について外観および内質に関して評価した。
【0079】
2.官能評価
10人の検査員により判定を行なった。外観については葉崩れの状態、その他形状を目視で評価した(5点法)。内質に関しては原料茶葉を40倍の70℃温水にて3.5分抽出し、滋味と溶出性を(それぞれ5点法)評価した。以下の指標を用い算出された得点にて総合評価を判定した。
【0080】
(評価指標)
外観
5点;葉崩れや砕け、あるいは団子状の塊がなく、撚れている
4点;撚れかたは緩いが、葉崩れあるいは団子状の塊は見られない
3点;葉崩れや団子状の塊はほとんど見られない
2点;葉が崩れたり砕けたりしている、あるいは団子状の塊がある
1点;葉が崩れたり砕けたりして微粉が多い、あるいは大きな塊がある
【0081】
内質 滋味
5点;甘味や濃度感が強く、雑味がない
4点;甘味や濃度感が適度にある
3点;甘味や濃度感があるが弱い
2点;甘味や濃度感が弱い、あるいは雑味がある
1点;甘味や濃度感がない、あるいは雑味が強い
【0082】
内質 溶出性
5点;抽出むらがなく、抽出調整がしやすい
4点;抽出むらがない
3点;抽出むらはないが、やや濁っている
2点;抽出むらがある、あるいは沈殿や濁りがある
1点;抽出むらがある、あるいは沈殿や濁りが多い
【0083】
総合評価
◎;優(12点以上) ○;良(8点以上) △;やや良(5点以上) ×;不良(5点未満)
【0084】
【表8】
Figure 0004298997
【0085】
(試験5)
湿度トンネル内の湿度別による茶の外観および内質評価を行った。
【0086】
1.原料茶葉の製造
試験1のサンプルNo.5と同様の原料茶葉の製造方法において、調湿工程における湿度トンネル内の湿度を60%〜80%までの間で調整し、得られた原料茶葉について外観および内質の評価を行った。
【0087】
2.官能評価
10人の検査員により判定を行なった。外観については葉崩れの状態、その他形状を目視で評価した(5点法)。内質に関しては原料茶葉を40倍の70℃温水にて3.5分抽出し、香味と溶出性を(それぞれ5点)評価した。以下の指標を用いて算出された得点にて総合評価を判定した。
【0088】
(評価指標)
外観
5点;葉崩れや砕け、あるいは団子状の塊がなく、形状が撚れている
4点;葉崩れや砕け、あるいは団子状の塊がない
3点;葉崩れや団子状の塊はほとんど見られない
2点;葉が崩れたり切れたりしている、あるいは団子状の塊がある
1点;葉が崩れたり砕けたりして微粉が多い、あるいは団子状の塊が多い
【0089】
内質 香味
5点;甘味や濃度感が強く、むれた香りがなく香気の発揚が高い
4点;甘味や濃度感があり、むれた香りがない
3点;甘味や濃度感があるが弱い
2点;甘味や濃度感が弱く、むれた香りや雑味がある
1点;甘味や濃度感がなく、むれた香りや雑味が強い
【0090】
内質 溶出性
5点;抽出むらがなく、抽出調整がしやすい、濁りが少ない
4点;抽出むらがなく、濁りが少ない
3点;抽出むらはないが、やや濁っている
2点;抽出むらがある、あるいは沈殿や濁りがある
1点;抽出むらがある、あるいは沈殿や濁りが多い
【0091】
総合評価
◎;優(12点以上) ○;良(8点以上) △;やや良(5点以上) ×;不良(5点未満)
【0092】
【表9】
Figure 0004298997

【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 試験2における官能評価の結果を示した図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a raw material for tea beverages (drinks) filled in containers such as plastic bottles and cans, and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, has a rich flavor and is unlikely to generate secondary orientation during storage. The present invention relates to a raw material for tea beverage and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Traditionally, the majority of Japanese green tea, including those sold in the form of tea leaves and beverages (drinks), inactivate the oxidase contained in fresh tea leaves by steaming the extracted fresh tea leaves with steam. ), And then, it is manufactured through a series of steps of squeezing and drying with rough crumbs, twists, middle heels, and pestle (see Non-Patent Document 1).
Thus, when tea leaves are killed by the steaming method in which fresh leaves are steamed with steam, the entire tea leaves are softened by steaming, so that the elution of the components in the tea leaves can be increased and dark tea can be put.
[0003]
On the other hand, in Chinese tea and Japanese kettle roasted tea (Kakeru made green tea), instead of steaming, a method of inactivating (blue killing) oxidase by frying tea leaves in a heated kettle (non-killing) Patent Document 1).
When tea leaves are killed by direct heating, the flavor unique to stir-fried kettle can be raised, and at the same time it can be made into a tea with a refreshing taste. Recently, tea beverages using raw tea leaves produced by stir-fried kettle are also on sale. ing.
[0004]
In addition, a blue-killing method in which fried steaming used in Ureshino tea or the like, and heat treatment by applying high-humidity hot air with a humidity of 60 to 90% and a temperature of about 250 to 390 ° C. And Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-136908).
[0005]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Edited by Shizuoka Prefectural Tea Chamber, 1988, "New Tea Industry Complete Book", Shizuoka Prefectural Tea Chamber, p275-276
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-233997
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-136908 A
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the production of tea beverages, it is still an important issue how to suppress secondary orientation that may occur during storage after packaging.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to focus on a method of killing by direct fire heating from a new viewpoint, and to produce a tea beverage raw material that does not generate secondary orientation and can still obtain a flavorful tea beverage. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a blue-killing process in which fresh tea leaves are heated directly, a humidity control process in which the heated tea leaves are cooled by passing them through a humid space with a humidity of about 65 to 75%, and the tea leaves are mixed. We propose a method for producing raw materials for tea beverages, which includes a brewing process and a drying process for drying the brewed tea leaves.
[0008]
According to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to produce a raw material for a tea beverage that is rich in flavor and hardly causes secondary orientation. That is, by directly heating green tea leaves and killing them at a high temperature in a short time, the enzyme activity is rapidly deactivated, the fermentation and biochemical reactions are stopped, and the aroma, taste, light blue are fixed, The skin part of tea leaves is dried and hardened by direct heating, and the elution of tea leaves is once reduced. Then, in the subsequent humidity control step, the water in the tea leaf is made uniform while cooling the tea leaf. That is, the moisture content (in other words, “moisture”) inside the skin portion and inside of the tea leaf is made uniform to soften the entire tea leaf, and the elution property once lowered in the above process is increased again. In this way, by combining the blue killing by direct fire heating and the humidity control to make the moisture in the tea leaves uniform, the elution of the flavor components is ensured while suppressing the elution of secondary causative substances (such as strictinin) As a result, it is considered that a raw material for a tea beverage which is rich in flavor and hardly causes secondary orientation can be produced. As a result, various processes such as filtration, addition of chemical agents and enzyme reagents, and ion exchange processes that have been performed to suppress the occurrence of secondary orientation can be omitted, or the processing burden can be reduced. Can do.
Moreover, the effect which prevents the heat | fever denaturation at the time of the heat sterilization in a tea drink manufacturing process can also be enjoyed by killing a tea leaf at high temperature for a short time.
[0009]
In the present invention, “tea beverage” means a tea beverage (drink) that is filled in bottles, cans, plastic bottles (such as plastic bottles), paper containers, etc. and is marketed in the form of a container-packed beverage.
In the present invention, “secondary orientation” does not include fine powder precipitation and is intended to be a floc-like (cotton-like) suspension / precipitation, and is distinguished from “primary orientation”.
As described later, “cooling” in the humidity control step of the present invention is meant to include forced cooling and natural cooling. For example, it is present at a temperature lower than the temperature of the tea leaves to be input into the humidity control step. Just cool the tea leaves.
Further, “uniformization of the water content in the tea leaves” means to make the water content of the surface portion and the inner portion of the tea leaves substantially uniform. When the tea leaf surface tends to dry as in the present invention, Whether the moisture content on the surface is equal to or greater than a predetermined value can be used to determine “uniformity of moisture in tea leaves”. Specifically, the determination can be made based on whether or not the electrical resistance value of tea leaves is about 10 kΩ or less, or whether or not the wisdom degree is 13 to 18 or more.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, although embodiment of this invention is described, the range of this invention is not restrict | limited to embodiment.
[0011]
In the method for producing a tea beverage raw material of the present invention, a greening process for directly heating green tea leaves, a humidity control process for making water in the tea leaves uniform while cooling the tea leaves heated in direct fire in a humid space, tea leaves The tea beverage ingredients are manufactured through the brewing process of brewing the tea and the drying process of drying the brewed tea leaves.
It is optional to add other processes to each process or to add another process to the manufacturing method of the present invention.
This will be described in more detail below.
[0012]
(material)
The raw material is not limited to its production area, harvesting time, and harvesting method as long as it is a leaf or stem harvested from a tea tree (scientific name: Camellia sinensis), and any tea type can be targeted.
The inventor's group has found that the content of strictinin in tea leaves differs if the production area, picking time, and picking method of the raw tea leaves are different.
[0013]
(Preliminary process)
Before entering the blue-killing process, the freshly harvested tea leaves are washed, stored under a predetermined atmosphere so as not to deteriorate the quality, or the freshly harvested tea leaves are appropriately treated before entering the sterilization process or under predetermined conditions. Saving can be performed arbitrarily as required.
[0014]
(Blue killing process)
In the blue-killing process, green tea leaves are heated directly and killed in a short time at high temperatures. At this time, the method of heating directly by fire is not particularly limited, and any heating method in which fresh tea leaves are brought into contact with the heated surface can be employed. For example, a method of heating tea leaves with a roasting pot used for pot roasting, a blue rotting cylinder configured to heat a cylindrical rotating drum from the outside, and the like can be mentioned.
[0015]
The heating temperature, that is, the temperature of the heating surface in contact with the tea leaves, for example, in the case of a frying kettle or a turquoise drum, the inner wall temperature is preferably adjusted to an appropriate temperature depending on the tea type, tea time, shape, etc. However, it is preferably about 300 to 450 ° C, particularly about 350 to 450 ° C. It is particularly preferable to increase the temperature of the conventional kettle by about 20 to 120 ° C. compared to the conventional temperature of about 300 to 330 ° C. If it is significantly lower than 350 ° C., there is a possibility that a scented fragrance or a blue odor will accompany. Conversely, if the temperature is significantly higher than 450 ° C., there is a possibility of scorching.
The heating time is preferably adjusted to an appropriate temperature depending on the tea type, tea time, shape, etc., but is not particularly limited, but is about 30 seconds to 5 minutes, particularly about 1.5 to 3 minutes. preferable.
[0016]
In the blue-killing step of the present invention, it is preferable to heat the tea leaves while stirring them, such as rotating the kettle and stirring with a baffle plate or the like provided inside the kettle, or rotating the stirring blades or the like in the kettle. .
In addition, the conventional blue killing is often heated in a plurality of stages, but the present invention is characterized in that the blue killing can be completed by one-step heating by high-temperature and short-time heating by direct flame heating. One.
[0017]
Thus, by killing fresh tea leaves at a stretch in a short time at high temperature, the activity of the enzyme can be rapidly deactivated, the fermentation and biochemical reactions can be stopped, and the aroma, taste and light blue can be fixed. At the same time, the water contained in the tea leaves is diffused by direct heating, and the skin of the tea leaves is especially dried and hardened, so that the elution of the tea leaves can be temporarily reduced at this stage. Moreover, the heat denaturation of the drink at the time of the heat sterilization in a tea drink manufacturing process can also be prevented by killing tea leaves at a high temperature in a short time.
[0018]
(Humidity control process)
In the humidity control step, the tea leaves heated in the previous step are allowed to exist in the moist space, and the water content in the tea leaves is made uniform while cooling.
At this time, in order to equalize the moisture in the tea leaf, the release of the moisture contained in the tea leaf may be suppressed or the tea leaf may be absorbed. That is, if the temperature of the tea leaves (also referred to as “tea temperature”) is too high, the water inside the tea leaves is dissipated.
[0019]
As a means of cooling tea leaves, it is possible to directly cool the tea leaves by blowing air, but the temperature of the humid space is made lower than the tea temperature, and the tea leaves are allowed to exist in the moist space for a predetermined time to cool naturally. It is preferable to adopt the method of. At this time, the inside of the moist space may be forcibly cooled. However, since the tea temperature supplied from the blue-killing process is about 80 to 100 ° C., if the moist space is less than the tea temperature, for example, heating is also performed. Even in a humid space that is not cooled, it can be naturally cooled by the presence of tea leaves introduced from the blue-killing process.
[0020]
Although it is possible to adopt a method in which steam or the like is directly applied to the tea leaves in the wet space as a method for equalizing the moisture in the tea leaves, a method of causing the tea leaves to exist in a wet space with a predetermined humidity is possible. It can also be adopted.
The “wet space” may be configured to increase the humidity in the room by supplying steam or air containing steam into the space, or may be heated in the above process in a substantially sealed space. The tea leaves may be present, and the indoor humidity may be secured by the diffusion of moisture contained in the tea leaves. In such a humid space, the humidity in the space can be adjusted by the exhaust amount. As the “substantially sealed space” at this time, an arbitrary configuration can be adopted. Any structure may be used as long as a large amount of air in the space does not escape to the outside and the humidity does not decrease. For example, an outlet and an inlet are provided at both ends of a cylindrical or tunnel-shaped body, and an openable / closable door is provided at the outlet and the entrance, or the diameter of the outlet and the inlet is formed smaller than the diameter of the body, or A substantially sealed space can be formed by providing an air curtain at the outlet and the inlet.
[0021]
As a specific example of the humidity control method, for example, there is a method in which tea leaves are transported in a substantially sealed space (wet space) that is neither heated nor cooled and supplied with steam or the like to achieve uniform moisture in the tea leaves. Can be mentioned.
It is preferable to stir the tea leaves when transporting in the humid space. For example, the wet space itself is rotated like a rotating drum, or a stirring rod or a screw-like stirring feed blade is provided inside the space, and the inside of the wet space is It is preferable to carry it while stirring.
[0022]
The humidity in the humid space is preferably about 65 to 75%, particularly about 70 to 75%, and is preferably adjusted as appropriate in relation to the tea temperature and the temperature in the space. For example, assuming that the tea temperature immediately after being put into the wet space is 80 to 100 ° C., it is preferably about 70 to 75%.
The temperature in the wet space is preferably about 30 to 90 ° C, particularly 30 to 50 ° C. From another point of view, the tea temperature is preferably about 20 to 30 ° C. lower than the tea temperature immediately after being put into the wet space. For example, assuming that the tea temperature immediately after being put into the wet space is 80 to 100 ° C, it is preferably about 50 to 70 ° C.
The time during which the tea leaves are present in the wet space (that is, the time for passing through the wet space) is preferably adjusted according to the temperature and humidity, but is about 1 to 5 minutes, preferably about 1.5 minutes. It is preferably about 3 minutes.
[0023]
The tea temperature after the humidity conditioning process, in other words, the tea temperature immediately after leaving the moist space is not limited, but it is preferable to lower the temperature to about 35-50 ° C, particularly about 35-45 ° C. However, when the temperature exceeds 35 ° C., the color gradually fades, and when the temperature exceeds 50 ° C., the color gradually becomes brown.
Further, the water content of the tea leaves after the humidity control step, that is, the water content at the time of brewing is preferably about 50 to 70%, particularly about 60 to 70%. If it is lower than about 50%, when it is used as a tea beverage, the elution property of the flavor component is uneven, the quality is not stabilized, and the shape of the leaf is collapsed. On the other hand, when it exceeds 70% and becomes higher than 80%, the elution component is transformed by the outflow of the leaf juice, or externally, it becomes hardened in a dumpling shape at the time of filling.
The water content of the tea leaves after the humidity control step can be adjusted by the heating conditions of the blue-killing step and the temperature, humidity, residence time, etc. of the humid space of the humidity control step.
The water content of tea leaves was measured at 100 ° C for 5 hours (adopted as a green tea production test measurement standard at the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry tea industry in March 1975. About 10g of tea leaves in a paraffin paper bag and dried at 100 ° C for 5 hours in a fan-type constant temperature dryer to obtain the moisture value.) Or 105 ° C for 16 hours drying method (Shizuoka tea) Adopted in the industrial test site, this is a method for measuring the moisture content of fresh leaves and tea in the tea making process by the near-infrared method. A method of obtaining a moisture value as a reference for preparing a calibration curve by measuring the moisture value after drying for a period of time.), Or calculating an average value of these measured values, or other atmospheric pressure heating drying methods But Kill.
[0024]
Through the above humidity conditioning process, the water content in the tea leaf can be made uniform, in other words, the tea leaf can be made uniform in terms of the water content, and the moisture (water content) inside the tea leaf skin and inside can be made uniform. The whole can be softened, and the content of tea leaves once reduced in the blue-killing process, in particular the flavor component, can be enhanced, while the dissolution property of secondary causative substances can be suppressed.
By the way, if the tea leaves that have undergone the blue-killing process are sent directly to the brewing process, not only will the leaves break when they are brewed, but the flavor components of the resulting tea beverage ingredients will remain low, resulting in flavors such as sweetness and astringency. Will not be extracted sufficiently.
[0025]
Whether or not the moisture (moisture content) between the skin portion and the inside of the tea leaf is uniform is determined by whether or not the moisture content of the surface portion of the tea leaf and the moisture content of the inner portion are substantially the same as described above. Actually, the moisture content of the tea leaf surface portion and the moisture content of the inner portion may be measured and compared, but if the tea leaf surface tends to dry as in this case, the moisture content of the tea leaf surface The amount can be measured and determined by whether or not the value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Specifically, the determination can be made based on whether or not the electrical resistance value of tea leaves is about 10 kΩ or less, or whether or not the wisdom degree is 13 to 18 or more.
At this time, the electrical resistance value of the tea leaf can be measured by measuring the surface electrical resistance of the sampled tea leaf with an insulation resistance meter.
In addition, the degree of wrinkle is defined as a space (500 to 1000 cm) in which a predetermined amount of tea leaves are sandwiched between electrode plates. Three ) And the electric resistance value between the electrode plates when the space is compressed is measured as “degree of shirring” (the measurement apparatus is described in JP-A-2001-17082 [0008] to [0025]. In fact, it can be measured by reading the measured value of a high moisture region moisture meter “Shitori (manufactured by Terada Seisakusho)”.
[0026]
In the present invention, the blue-killing process and the humidity control process may be a continuous process or a discontinuous process. That is, as a manufacturing device, even if the direct flame heating device in the blue killing process and the humidity control device in the humidity control process are discontinuously installed independently, they can be continuously processed by being connected by a conveyor or the like. May be installed. Further, the direct fire heating device and the humidity control device can be integrated. For example, the tea leaves are transferred in a cylindrical or tunnel-shaped substantially sealed body, and only the vicinity of the entrance of the body is heated by direct fire from the outside to kill blue, and then cooled while transferring the tea leaves toward the exit It can also be set as the structure which can perform humidity control.
[0027]
If the tea leaves that have undergone the humidity conditioning process are cooled to room temperature as necessary, they can also be beaten as needed (pumping with hot air while applying pressure) and then sent to the twisting process. Good.
[0028]
(Punching process)
The kneading step may be performed according to a conventional method. For example, rough knitting, spraining, middle heeling, and sperm work may be sequentially performed according to a conventional method. In some cases, only the twisting operation or only a combination of the twisting operation and one or more other types of operations may be performed. Normally, the tea leaves are rubbed and rubbed by a machine, but it may be done manually.
As described above, the tea leaves that have undergone the humidity adjustment step are rubbed into the tissue cells of the tea leaves so that the content components can be easily extracted, and the extraction rate of the content components can be increased. Further, the uniformization of moisture in the above process can be further achieved in this process.
[0029]
(Drying process)
What is necessary is just to dry the tea leaves which passed through the kneading process according to a conventional method. For example, it may be dried by a hot air dryer, a direct-fired moisture dryer or the like, and preferably the moisture in the tea leaves is dried to about 5%.
In the drying operation, the enzyme remaining in the kneaded leaves can be destroyed by high-temperature treatment, and fermentation and other biochemical reactions can be completely stopped to stabilize the quality. In addition, the aroma and taste of tea leaves can be improved by high-temperature treatment. In addition, it can withstand long-term storage.
[0030]
(Manufacture of tea beverages)
The tea beverage raw material (raw material tea leaf) manufactured as described above is a method for producing tea beverages currently being performed. For example, an extraction process for extracting raw tea leaves, a filtration process for filtering the extract, A tea beverage can be produced through a preparation process for adjusting the concentration and pH and a sterilization process for heat-sterilizing the preparation liquid. However, this is only an example, and it is possible to appropriately change the order of the steps, delete the steps, add the steps, and the like.
It is also possible to apply a known finishing process to the raw tea leaves and use the so-called finished tea in a method for producing a tea beverage. Note that the strictinin content in the tea extract is not affected by the finishing process.
Hereinafter, the example of the manufacturing process of the tea drink mentioned above is demonstrated in detail.
[0031]
The tea is extracted, for example, once as necessary using an extraction device called a kneader according to a conventional method, with 20 to 50 times the amount of raw tea leaves and 0 to 100 ° C. extraction water for about 1 to 20 minutes. What is necessary is just to stir several times and extract by a normal pressure. However, the extraction method and extraction conditions are not particularly limited, and for example, pressure extraction may be performed.
The extraction water used in the extraction can be exemplified by hard water, soft water, ion exchange water, natural water, ascorbic acid-containing aqueous solution, pH adjusted water, and the like.
The extraction temperature, that is, the temperature of hot water to be extracted is preferably 45 to 100 ° C, particularly preferably 60 to 90 ° C.
[0032]
The extract obtained by extraction is cooled to about 5 to 40 ° C. as necessary. Simultaneously or before and after that, ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate may be added to the extract to make it acidic (pH 4 to 5) as necessary. The extraction component can be prevented from being oxidized by cooling or acidic preparation of the extract, and the primary causative component can be precipitated to increase the efficiency of subsequent centrifugation.
[0033]
In the filtration step, for example, it is preferable to perform rough filtration for removing extraction residues such as tea leaves and large fine powders, and filtration for removing a causative substance of primary sediment. However, it is arbitrary where these rough filtration and primary sediment causative substance removal filtration are inserted in the manufacturing process.
For the coarse filtration, a filtration method that is currently employed for removing flanks, stainless steel filters, strainers and other extraction residues can be arbitrarily employed.
[0034]
As a filtration method for removing the primary causative substance, there is a method such as diatomaceous earth filtration or appropriate membrane filtration following centrifugation.
Incidentally, the centrifugation may be performed, for example, at a rotational speed of 5000 to 10000 rpm, and it is preferable to cool the extract or the prepared solution to about 5 to 40 ° C. in advance as described above.
In addition, when performing diatomaceous earth filtration, it is not always necessary to insert a centrifugal separator, but by inserting the centrifugal separator in the previous step, the filtration time can be shortened by reducing the burden of diatomaceous earth filtration, for example, increasing the permeate flow rate. .
Examples of membrane filtration include membrane separation such as microfiltration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis membrane filtration, electrodialysis, biofunctional membrane, and filtration using a filter aid such as diatomaceous earth filtration. You may make it carry out in combination.
The centrifugation, diatomaceous earth filtration and membrane filtration methods and setting conditions can be arbitrarily adjusted.
[0035]
In the blending process, water (hard water, soft water, ion exchange water, natural water, etc.), ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium bicarbonate, sugar, dextrin, fragrance, emulsifier, stabilizer, Any other taste raw materials or a combination of two or more of them may be added to adjust pH, concentration, and taste.
[0036]
If the heat sterilization process is a can beverage, after reheating as necessary, it is filled with the preparation liquid and sterilized by heating at 121 ° C. for 7 minutes under retort sterilization (for example, appropriately under pressure (1.2 mmHg, etc.)). In the case of a plastic bottle beverage, UHT sterilization (the prepared solution is held at 120 to 150 ° C. for 1 second to several tens of seconds) may be performed.
[0037]
(Quantitative features of the present invention)
According to the method for producing a tea beverage raw material of the present invention, the amount of secondary causative substances (such as strictinin) extracted during tea beverage production (elution rate in terms of the amount contained in the raw material) is suppressed. On the other hand, it is possible to increase the extraction amount (elution rate in comparison with the raw material) of the content component (that is, the flavor component) affecting the flavor of the tea beverage (maintained at the same level in comparison with steaming). It is possible to produce a tea beverage and its raw material that are rich and hardly cause secondary orientation. In addition, reducing the amount of the secondary causative substance means that various treatments for preventing the occurrence of secondary soli can be omitted, or the processing burden can be reduced. is doing.
[0038]
Specifically, the tea beverage raw material (raw tea leaves) obtained by the present invention is a general method for producing tea beverages, for example, extracting raw tea leaves with hot water, roughly filtering the extract, and cooling once. If the tea beverage is prepared by a manufacturing method in which L-ascorbic acid or the like is added and then sterilized by heating after removing the primary oli component (insoluble fraction) by centrifugation, The concentration of strictinin can be reduced to about 6 ppm or less, and a tea beverage that is less likely to generate secondary orientation can be obtained.
[0039]
“Strichtinin” is a substance represented by the following chemical formula (1-O-galloyl-4,6-O- (S) -hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucose), which is tannin extracted from tea. It is a kind of ellagitannins ("Casuariin, Stachyurin and Strictinin, new Ellagitannins from Casuarina Stricta and Stachyurus Praecox", Chem. Pharm. Bull. 30 (2) 766-769 (1982)).
The group of the inventor of the present invention has said that “strikutinine” in tea extract is decomposed into “ellagic acid”, and this “ellagic acid” binds to “protein” to form secondary olivine, that is, strictinin is secondary. It has been confirmed that it is one of the causative substances of occurrence of ori, and in the case of non-fermented tea, if the concentration of strictinin in the tea beverage is about 6 ppm or less, it is confirmed that secondary ori is hardly generated.
[0040]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0004298997
[0041]
In addition, the strictinin density | concentration (content) in a tea drink can measure the amount of strictinins in a liquid with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) etc.
[0042]
(Test 1)
In order to compare the tea beverage raw material (raw material tea leaves) by the production method of the present invention with the tea beverage raw material by other production methods, this test was conducted.
[0043]
1. Production of raw tea leaves
1) Fresh leaves picked in Shizuoka Prefecture in early May are heated in a direct fire using a cylindrical rotary type continuous fried leaf machine (manufactured by Kawasaki Kiko; φ380 mm) and heated. After cooling to about room temperature, apply a weight from the top using a continuous twister (made by Kawasaki Kiko) and squeeze (twist), then dry using a continuous belt-type shelf dryer (made by Kawasaki Kiko) The raw tea leaves were obtained. This is designated as Sample No. It was set to 1.
In addition, after heating directly under the same conditions, cooling, and drying without twisting, Sample No. 2.
[0044]
2) The above tea leaves are steamed with no-pressure steam using a continuous band-type steamer (manufactured by Miyamura Tekko Co., Ltd.) (heating time 1.5 minutes), and then similar to sample No. 1. The raw tea leaves that had been cooled, twisted and dried were designated as sample No. 3, and those dried without twisting were designated as sample No. 4.
[0045]
3) The above fresh tea leaves were mixed with sample no. Sample No. 1 was heated in an open flame in the same manner as in No. 1, then conditioned through the damp space, and then cooled without cooling. In the same manner as in No. 1, twisted and dried raw tea leaves were sampled. It was set to 5.
The humidity was adjusted by continuously passing the tea leaves while stirring in a semi-sealed cylinder adjusted to a humidity of about 75% and a temperature of about 80 ° C.
[0046]
Table 1 shows other conditions in the production of the raw tea leaves.
[0047]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004298997
[0048]
2. Beverage preparation
1) 20 g of each sample (raw tea leaves) obtained as described above was extracted with 800 ml of distilled water at 70 ° C. for 3.5 minutes, and the residue was removed with a mesh (150 mesh). The obtained extract is rapidly cooled to room temperature, and further subjected to centrifugation (7000 rpm, 10 minutes) to remove insoluble fractions. The pH was adjusted to 6.0, and the whole was made up to 2000 ml with distilled water.
2) The obtained preparation was UHT sterilized at 133 ° C. to 135 ° C. for 30 seconds, then filled into a PET bottle and rapidly cooled to obtain a container-packed tea beverage.
[0049]
3. Measurement and analysis of each item
1) Extraction efficiency
With respect to the extract obtained in the above step, the extraction efficiency was calculated by the following formula.
Extraction efficiency (%) = extracted liquid amount (g) × Brix value (water-soluble solid amount) / tea leaf usage (g)
[0050]
2) Catechin and caffeine
The catechin and caffeine contents of the tea beverage were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC method).
That is, each tea beverage obtained above was stirred, filtered through a 0.45 μm filter, and then measured using HPLC under the following conditions.
(HPLC conditions)
Column; Wakosil-II5C18HG φ4.6 × (30 + 250) mm
Column temperature: 40 ° C
Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min
Detection; UV280
Mobile phase; 22% MeOH (0.1% phosphoric acid)
[0051]
3) Strictinin
Each tea beverage obtained above was stirred and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter, and then measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under the following conditions.
(HPLC conditions)
Column; Wakosil-II5C18HG φ4.6 × (30 + 250) mm
Column temperature: 40 ° C
Flow rate: 0.6 ml / min
Detection; UV280
Mobile phase A; 15% MeOH (0.1% phosphoric acid)
Mobile phase B; 45% MeOH (0.1% phosphoric acid)
[0052]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004298997
[0053]
4) Amino acids
Each tea beverage obtained above is stirred and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter, and then OPA treatment is performed based on the official method of tea to make an OPA derivative of an amino acid. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under the following conditions Measured with
(HPLC conditions)
Column; Wakosil-II5C18HG φ4.6 × (30 + 250) mm
Column temperature: 40 ° C
Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min
Detection: fluorescence wavelength 455mm excitation wavelength 340mm
Mobile phase A: 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0
Mobile phase B; acetonitrile
[0054]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004298997
[0055]
5) Occurrence status
Each tea beverage obtained above was stored at 37 ° C. for 1 month and visually confirmed.
(Evaluation index)
5 points; no orientation;
4 points; fine powdery orientation occurs +
3 points; Cotton-like orientation (diameter 1cm or less) ++
2 points; Cotton-like orientation (1 to 3 diameters of 1 cm or more) +++
1 point; Cotton-like orientation (4 or more diameters of 1 cm or more) +++
[0056]
4). Evaluation
About each tea drink obtained above, sensory examination was conducted by ten general panelists, and aroma (presence / absence of heated odor) and taste were examined. The result and each occurrence of the above-mentioned orientation were determined by the following indices.
[0057]
(Evaluation index)
fragrance
5 points: There is no heated odor and the fragrance is good
4 points; almost no heating odor and good fragrance
3 points: Slightly heated odor and weak fragrance
2 points; strong odor and weak scent
1 point; heating odor is very strong and there is no fragrance
[0058]
Taste
5 points; strong sweetness and strong concentration
4 points; sweetness and concentration
3 points; slightly sweet and weak in concentration
2 points; sweetness is weak, and there is a bitter taste
1 point; not sweet and watery; strong miscellaneous and bitter
[0059]
Comprehensive evaluation
The evaluation obtained from the above-mentioned fragrance, nourishment and orientation occurrence was determined by the following indicators.
◎; Excellent (12 points or more) ○; Good (8 points or more) △; Slightly good (5 points or more) ×: Poor (less than 5 points)
[0060]
5. Results and discussion
The results are shown in Table 4, and the discussion is shown in Table 5.
[0061]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004298997
[0062]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004298997
[0063]
(Test 2)
This test was conducted in order to select an appropriate heating temperature in the method for producing tea beverage ingredients (raw tea leaves) in which fresh tea leaves were heated in an open fire and then conditioned through a moist space.
[0064]
1. Production of raw tea leaves
Fresh leaves picked in Shizuoka Prefecture in early May were sample No. 1 of Test 1. After heating directly in the same manner as 1 (however, the heating conditions are as follows), the humidity is adjusted by passing the tea leaves continuously while stirring in a semi-sealed cylinder adjusted to a humidity of about 75% and a temperature of about 80 ° C. Sample No. 1 of Test 1 The raw tea leaves were obtained by twisting and drying in the same manner as in No. 5.
In addition, the heating conditions of the direct fire heating were performed in seven temperature zones of a pot temperature of 200 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C, 400 ° C, 450 ° C, 500 ° C, and 550 ° C.
[0065]
2. Beverage preparation
A tea beverage was produced and prepared in the same manner as in Test 1.
[0066]
3. sensory evaluation
Each sample (tea drink) obtained was examined by 10 inspectors. The raw materials were scented and light blue, and the beverages were scented and tasted by a 5-point method, and evaluated according to the following indices. Based on these results, comprehensive evaluation was determined. The raw material evaluation was performed by extracting tea leaves for 3.5 minutes with 40 times hot water at 70 ° C.
[0067]
(Evaluation index)
Raw material evaluation
5 points; strong fragrance, no burning odor or wilt
4 points; scented, almost no burning odor or wilt
3 points; weak fragrance and almost no burning odor or wilt
2 points; no fragrance, burnt odor or wilt
1 point; no fragrance, strong burning odor or wilt
[0068]
Raw material evaluation Light blue
5 points; clear with little precipitation, liquid color is bluish
4 points; clear with little precipitation, but liquid color is slightly yellowish
3 points; precipitation, liquid color is yellow and red
2 points; sedimented and cloudy or liquid red
1 point; much precipitation, very cloudy or reddish
[0069]
Beverage evaluation
5 points; strong fragrance, no burning odor, wilting incense, heated odor
4 points; scented, no burning odor, wilting odor, heated odor, etc.
3 points; fragrance is weak, but there is almost no burning odor, wilting incense, heating odor, etc.
2 points: There is no fragrance, and there is a burning odor or withering odor and a heating odor
1 point: no fragrance, strong burnt odor or wilt, heated odor, etc.
[0070]
Beverage evaluation
5 points; strong sweetness, moderate astringency and green tea
4 points; moderate sweetness and astringency
3 points; sweet, but slightly astringent
2 points; sweetness is weak, bitterness is strong, or light overall
1 point; no sweetness, very strong bitter taste, or overall light and watery
[0071]
4). result
The results of the sensory test are shown in Table 6.
[0072]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004298997
[0073]
(Test 3)
This test was conducted to measure the strictinin content in tea beverages.
[0074]
1. Beverage preparation
1) Sample No. 1 of Test 1 In the same method for producing raw tea leaves as in No. 5, the conditions of humidity control and twisting were adjusted, and the resulting raw tea leaves were used to confirm the strictinin concentration of the tea beverage and the occurrence of orientation.
That is, 20 g of each raw tea leaf sample was extracted with 800 ml of distilled water (pH 5.9) at 70 ° C. for 3.5 minutes, and the residue was removed with a mesh (150 mesh). After rapidly cooling to room temperature and further performing centrifugation (7000 rpm, 10 minutes) to remove the insoluble fraction, L-ascorbic acid is added at 300 ppm with respect to the amount of the prepared mess-up, and the pH is adjusted to 6.0 with sodium bicarbonate. The whole was made up to 2000 ml with distilled water.
2) The obtained preparation liquid was UHT sterilized at 133 ° C. to 135 ° C. for 30 seconds, filled into a PET bottle, and rapidly cooled to obtain a container-packed tea beverage.
[0075]
2. Measurement and analysis of each item
1) Strictinin content
Measurement was performed in the same manner as in Test 1.
2) Occurrence status
Store at 37 ° C and check visually after 1 week and 1 month.
(Evaluation index)
No orientation; −
Soil generation; fine powder +
Cotton (diameter 1cm or less) ++
Cotton-like one (1-3 pieces with a diameter of 1 cm or more) +++
Cotton-like one (4 or more diameter 1cm or more) +++
[0076]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004298997
[0077]
(Test 4)
This test was conducted to evaluate the appearance and quality of tea due to moisture during twisting.
[0078]
1. Production of raw tea leaves
Sample No. 1 of Test 1 In the same method for producing raw tea leaves as in No. 5, the raw tea leaves obtained by adjusting the moisture value in the twisting process to between 40% and 80% were evaluated in terms of appearance and internal quality.
[0079]
2. sensory evaluation
Judgment was made by 10 inspectors. Regarding the appearance, the state of leaf collapse and other shapes were visually evaluated (5-point method). Regarding the internal quality, the raw tea leaves were extracted with 40 times 70 ° C. warm water for 3.5 minutes, and the taste and dissolution (5 points each) were evaluated. Comprehensive evaluation was determined by the score calculated using the following indices.
[0080]
(Evaluation index)
appearance
5 points; no crumble, breakage, or dumpling lump, twisted
4 points; loose twist, but no leaf crumble or dumpling
3 points; almost no crumble or dumpling lump
2 points: Leaves are crumbled or crushed, or there are dumplings
1 point; leaves are crumbled or broken, and there are many fine powders or large lumps
[0081]
Quality
5 points; strong sweetness and concentration, no taste
4 points; moderate sweetness and concentration
3 points; sweet and concentrated, but weak
2 points; sweetness or concentration is weak or miscellaneous
1 point; no sweetness, concentration, or strong taste
[0082]
Internal quality
5 points; no unevenness in extraction, easy to adjust
4 points; no uneven extraction
3 points: Extraction unevenness but slightly cloudy
2 points: Extraction unevenness or precipitation or turbidity
1 point: Extraction unevenness or much precipitation or turbidity
[0083]
Comprehensive evaluation
◎: Excellent (12 points or more) ○: Good (8 points or more) △; Slightly good (5 points or more) ×: Defect (less than 5 points)
[0084]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004298997
[0085]
(Test 5)
The appearance and quality of tea were evaluated according to the humidity in the humidity tunnel.
[0086]
1. Production of raw tea leaves
Sample No. 1 of Test 1 In the manufacturing method of the raw material tea leaves similar to 5, the humidity in the humidity tunnel in the humidity control step was adjusted between 60% and 80%, and the appearance and the quality of the obtained raw tea leaves were evaluated.
[0087]
2. sensory evaluation
Judgment was made by 10 inspectors. Regarding the appearance, the state of leaf collapse and other shapes were visually evaluated (5-point method). As for the internal quality, the raw tea leaves were extracted with 40 times hot water at 70 ° C. for 3.5 minutes and evaluated for flavor and dissolution (5 points each). Comprehensive evaluation was determined by the score calculated using the following indices.
[0088]
(Evaluation index)
appearance
5 points: no crumble, breakage, or dumpling lump, twisted shape
4 points; no crumble, breakage or dumplings
3 points; almost no crumble or dumpling lump
2 points; leaves are crumbled or cut, or have dumplings
1 point; leaves are crumbled or crushed and there are many fine powders or dumpling-like lumps
[0089]
Internal flavor
5 points; strong sweetness and concentration, no fragrance, high fragrance
4 points; sweetness and concentration, no scent
3 points; sweet and concentrated, but weak
2 points; sweetness and concentration are weak, and there is an aroma and miscellaneous taste
1 point; no sweetness or concentration, strong aroma and miscellaneous taste
[0090]
Internal quality
5 points: no unevenness in extraction, easy to adjust extraction, low turbidity
4 points; no unevenness in extraction and less turbidity
3 points: Extraction unevenness but slightly cloudy
2 points: Extraction unevenness or precipitation or turbidity
1 point: Extraction unevenness or much precipitation or turbidity
[0091]
Comprehensive evaluation
◎: Excellent (12 points or more) ○: Good (8 points or more) △; Slightly good (5 points or more) ×: Defect (less than 5 points)
[0092]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004298997

[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of sensory evaluation in Test 2. FIG.

Claims (6)

茶生葉を直火加熱する殺青工程、加熱された茶葉を湿度65〜75%の湿り空間に通して冷やしながら茶葉内の水分の均一化を図る調湿工程、茶葉を揉込む揉込工程、揉込んだ茶葉を乾燥させる乾燥工程を備えた茶飲料原料の製造方法。Yaao step, step humidity uniformed moisture in the tea leaves while cooling through the heated humid space the humidity 6 5-75% tea,揉込tea leaves free揉込process tea leaves heated open fire The manufacturing method of the tea beverage raw material provided with the drying process which dries the tea leaves which were put in. 殺青工程では、300〜450℃で直火加熱することを特徴とする請求項1記載の茶飲料原料の製造方法。The method for producing a tea beverage raw material according to claim 1 , wherein in the blue-killing step, heating is performed directly at 300 to 450 ° C. 調湿工程における湿り空間の温度を30〜90℃とすることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の茶飲料原料の製造方法。The method for producing a tea beverage raw material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the wet space in the humidity control step is 30 to 90 ° C. 調湿工程を経た茶葉の含水量が50〜70%となるように調湿することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の茶飲料原料の製造方法。Method of manufacturing a tea beverage ingredients according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the moisture content of the tea leaves through the humidifying process is humidifying to be 5 0% to 70%. 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載された製造方法によって得られる茶飲料原料。  Tea beverage raw material obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 請求項5の茶飲料原料を抽出して得られる茶飲料。  A tea beverage obtained by extracting the tea beverage raw material of claim 5.
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