JP4288203B2 - How to create a travel route map - Google Patents

How to create a travel route map Download PDF

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JP4288203B2
JP4288203B2 JP2004134491A JP2004134491A JP4288203B2 JP 4288203 B2 JP4288203 B2 JP 4288203B2 JP 2004134491 A JP2004134491 A JP 2004134491A JP 2004134491 A JP2004134491 A JP 2004134491A JP 4288203 B2 JP4288203 B2 JP 4288203B2
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伸 浅野
献 大西
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Description

本発明は、自律走行する移動体に対して、走行領域内の移動可能経路が示された移動経路地図を作成する移動経路地図作成方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a travel route map creation method for creating a travel route map showing a travelable route in a travel region for a mobile object that travels autonomously.

自律的に行動する移動体に関する技術は種々提案されており、またこのような移動体は各種工業にて広く利用されている。さらに近年においては、一般家庭や各種施設等においても移動体の導入が要望されており、あらゆる動作環境に対応できる移動体が必要とされている。
壁や家具等の障害物が存在する環境下にて、移動体を円滑に自律走行させるには、到達目的地に辿り着くまでの移動経路を予め移動体に教示する必要がある。
従来の一般的な移動経路の教示方法としては、例えば図15に示されるような移動体の屋内走行環境における間取り図50から、ユーザが絶対座標系(グローバル座標系)を基準として、任意の位置におけるXY座標を測定して、これを節点(ノード)52a、52b、…、52h、52i、…というように手入力で登録し、さらに、目的地51に辿り着くまでの移動経路をユーザが計画して、該計画した移動経路上に節点を追加しながら、実際の走行経路として繋ぐという方法が用いられている。
Various techniques relating to a mobile object that acts autonomously have been proposed, and such mobile objects are widely used in various industries. Furthermore, in recent years, introduction of a moving body has been demanded in general homes and various facilities, and a moving body that can cope with any operating environment is required.
In order for the moving body to smoothly travel autonomously in an environment where obstacles such as walls and furniture exist, it is necessary to teach the moving body in advance the movement path to reach the destination.
As a conventional general moving route teaching method, for example, from a floor plan 50 in an indoor traveling environment of a moving body as shown in FIG. 15, a user can set an arbitrary position on the basis of an absolute coordinate system (global coordinate system). XY coordinates are measured, and these are manually registered as nodes (nodes) 52a, 52b,..., 52h, 52i, and so on, and the user plans a movement route until the destination 51 is reached. Then, a method of connecting as an actual travel route while adding nodes on the planned travel route is used.

しかし、上記した方法では移動経路の事前設定に非常に手間がかかるため、移動経路地図を簡単に設定する方法が提案されている。
特許文献1(特開平11−259659号公報)には、移動体に搭載した撮像手段を使って、移動方向の上下左右の画像を取得してリアルタイムで環境地図を作成する方法が開示されている。
また、特許文献2(特開平7−110709号公報)では、手動走行モードでジョイスティックを使って走行経路を自動生成させる方法を提案している。
さらに、特許文献3(特開2000−254879号公報)では、ロボット先端がティーチングポイントを通過するように制御するため、一旦教示した各ティーチングポイントについて、経路の中点に動作ポイントの候補点を設定してロボットの軌道が必ず当該候補点を通過するように制御する方法が示されている。
However, since the above method requires a lot of time and effort to preset the travel route, a method for easily setting the travel route map has been proposed.
Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-259659) discloses a method for creating an environmental map in real time by acquiring upper, lower, left, and right images in a moving direction using an imaging unit mounted on a moving body. .
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-110709 proposes a method for automatically generating a travel route using a joystick in a manual travel mode.
Furthermore, in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-254879), in order to control the robot tip so that it passes the teaching point, a candidate point for the operation point is set at the midpoint of the path for each teaching point once taught. Thus, there is shown a method for controlling the robot trajectory so that it always passes the candidate point.

特開平11−259659号公報JP 11-259659 A 特開平7−110709号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-110709 特開2000−254879号公報JP 2000-254879 A

しかしながら、特許文献1では、周囲の照明状態などによって画像の認識精度が悪くなる。また画像処理を用いるため、CPUへの計算負荷も高く、多数の画像を用いた場合に経路作成に時間が掛かりリアルタイムの操作が行えないという問題がある。
さらに、特許文献2を含め上記従来の方法では、教示した経路は節点と経路を単純に繋いだものであり、教示した経路や節点でほぼ同一と思われる節点や経路をマージ(融合)したり、経路同士の交点を判断して新たに節点を追加し、経路の再統合を行なうといった処理が行われていない。これでは移動体が目的地に移動する場合、最短となる経路を選択することができないため、移動体における地図作成方法として不十分なものであった。
従って、本発明は上記従来技術の問題点に鑑み、計算負荷が小さく、簡単な操作で以って移動経路地図を作成することができ、さらには走行領域内で移動体が自律走行する際の経路選択自由度が広がり、移動体の手動走行による後記記する初期経路に比較しての、最短経路を選択することができる合理的な移動経路地図を作成する方法を提供することを目的とする。
However, in Patent Document 1, the image recognition accuracy is deteriorated depending on the surrounding illumination state and the like. Further, since image processing is used, the calculation load on the CPU is high, and there is a problem that when a large number of images are used, it takes time to create a route and real-time operation cannot be performed.
Furthermore, in the above conventional methods including Patent Document 2, the taught route is simply a connection between nodes, and the nodes and routes that are considered to be almost the same between the taught routes and nodes are merged (fused). No processing is performed in which intersections between routes are determined, nodes are newly added, and routes are reintegrated. In this case, when the moving body moves to the destination, the shortest route cannot be selected, which is insufficient as a map creation method in the moving body.
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention has a small calculation load and can create a travel route map with a simple operation. Further, when the mobile body autonomously travels within the travel area, The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a rational travel route map that can select the shortest route compared to the initial route described later by manual travel of a mobile body with a wide range of freedom for route selection. .

そこで、本発明はかかる課題を解決するために、
自律走行する移動体に対して、走行領域内の移動可能経路が示された移動経路地図を作成する移動経路地図作成方法において、
前記移動体の手動走行による走行軌跡上の複数の節点と、隣接する節点同士を連結したパス経路とからなる初期経路を登録する第1のステップと、
任意の節点を基準とし、予め設定した範囲内に複数の節点が存在する場合には、前記任意の節点以外の他の節点を削除し、パス経路を再生成して節点の減数化を行なう第2のステップと、
前記第2のステップにて減数化を行なった初期経路に対して、曲折部を判別して端部を生成する曲折部処理と、前記パス経路の近傍に位置する節点をパス経路上に投影する節点投影処理と、交差するパス経路を判別して交点を生成する交点生成処理と、から少なくとも一の処理を行なう第3のステップと、を備え、
前記第3のステップにおける交点生成処理は、2のパス経路が交差する位置に交点となる節点を生成した後に、該交点と、前記2のパス経路の両端に位置する各既設節点との距離を夫々導出し、
該距離が閾値以下である既設節点が存在する場合には、前記生成した交点を削除するとともに前記既設節点を交点と見なし、該交点と見なした既設節点を含む第1のパス経路を残存し、これに交差する第2のパス経路を削除した後、
前記交点と見なした既設節点を一端とし、前記第2のパス経路を代替する第3のパス経路を生成することを特徴とする移動経路地図作成方法を提案する。
Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the present invention provides:
In a travel route map creation method for creating a travel route map showing a movable route in a travel area for a mobile body that travels autonomously,
A first step of registering an initial route including a plurality of nodes on a travel locus by manual travel of the mobile body and a path route connecting adjacent nodes;
When a plurality of nodes exist within a preset range with an arbitrary node as a reference, a node other than the arbitrary node is deleted, and a path route is regenerated to reduce the number of nodes. Two steps,
A bent portion process for generating an end portion by discriminating a bent portion with respect to the initial route subjected to reduction in the second step, and a node located in the vicinity of the path route is projected onto the path route. A third step of performing at least one process from a nodal projection process, an intersection generation process for determining an intersecting path route and generating an intersection,
In the intersection generation process in the third step, after generating a node as an intersection at a position where two path routes intersect, the distance between the intersection and each existing node located at both ends of the two path routes is calculated. Derived respectively
If there is an existing node whose distance is less than or equal to the threshold, the generated intersection is deleted, the existing node is regarded as an intersection, and the first path route including the existing node regarded as the intersection remains. , After deleting the second path that intersects this,
The present invention proposes a moving route map creation method characterized by generating a third path route that replaces the second path route with an existing node regarded as the intersection as one end.

このように、本発明では手動走行により作成した初期経路を元に移動経路地図を作成しているため、計算負荷が小さく、簡単な操作で以って移動経路地図を作成することができる。
また、減数化処理、折曲部処理、節点投影処理、交点処理等を行なうことにより、前記初期経路が合理化され、移動体が自律走行する際の経路選択自由度が広がり、目的地まで移動する最短経路を選択することができるようになる。
さらに、前記移動経路地図は、手動走行により作成した初期経路から、節点数、パス経路数が大幅に減少しているため、使用するメモリ量が少なく、メモリを節約できる。
As described above, in the present invention, since the travel route map is created based on the initial route created by manual travel, the travel route map can be created by a simple operation with a small calculation load.
In addition, by performing reduction processing, bending portion processing, node projection processing, intersection processing, etc., the initial route is rationalized, and the degree of freedom of route selection when the mobile body travels autonomously increases and moves to the destination. The shortest path can be selected.
Furthermore, since the number of nodes and the number of path routes are greatly reduced from the initial route created by manual travel, the travel route map uses less memory and saves memory.

更に本発明は、前記第1のステップにて、前記移動体の姿勢方位変化量に対する閾値と、前記移動体の進行方向を基準軸とし、該基準軸からのずれ量に対する閾値とを設定しておき、前記移動体の手動走行に伴い前記姿勢方位変化量及び前記基準軸からのずれ量のうち少なくとも何れか一方が前記閾値を超えた場合に、その位置を節点として自動登録することを特徴とする。
本発明によれば、節点生成の閾値を変化させることで適当な間隔で節点を生成できるようになり、適用範囲が広がる。また、姿勢方向変化に対する閾値を設けることで、例えば、廊下から側面ドア入口への侵入等の折れ曲がり部のように、急激な姿勢変化が生じる箇所で必ず節点が生成できるようになる。
Further , in the first step of the present invention, in the first step, a threshold for an amount of change in posture and orientation of the moving body and a threshold for an amount of deviation from the reference axis are set with the traveling direction of the moving body as a reference axis. In addition, when at least one of the amount of change in posture and direction and the amount of deviation from the reference axis exceeds the threshold value due to manual travel of the moving body, the position is automatically registered as a node. To do.
In addition , according to the present invention, by changing the threshold for node generation, nodes can be generated at appropriate intervals, and the applicable range is expanded. Further, by providing a threshold value for the posture direction change, for example, a node can be generated at a place where a sudden posture change occurs, such as a bent portion such as an entrance from a corridor to a side door entrance.

さらに、前記第1のステップにて、前記節点を登録する際に、対象節点の付随情報を該節点の位置情報に関連付けて登録することが好適である。
これは、前記節点に対して、例えば節点の名称を位置情報に関連付けて登録することにより、利用者が名称を指定するだけで移動体が該名称に対応する位置を認識するようになる。このように、前記付随情報を関連付けて登録することにより、移動体がより一層知能的に振舞えるようになる。
Furthermore, when registering the node in the first step, it is preferable to register the accompanying information of the target node in association with the position information of the node.
For example, by registering the node name in association with the position information with respect to the node, for example, the mobile body recognizes the position corresponding to the name simply by designating the name. Thus, by registering the accompanying information in association with each other, the mobile body can behave more intelligently.

また、前記第のステップにおける夫々の処理に対して、以下のような処理を行なうことにより、冗長な初期経路を、合理化された移動経路に簡単に変換することができる。
前記第3のステップにおける曲折部処理は、対象節点を挟む2のパス経路を表すベクトルを正規化し、これらのベクトルの内積が閾値以内である場合に曲折部と判断し、
前記対象節点の前後に位置する節点のうち、該対象節点からの距離が短い方の節点を、他の節点と前記対象節点間のパス経路上に投影し、前記対象節点と投影節点間のパス経路を削除して、端部を生成することを特徴とする。
Further, by performing the following process for each process in the third step, a redundant initial path can be easily converted into a rationalized movement path.
The bent portion process in the third step normalizes a vector representing two path paths sandwiching the target node, and determines that the bent portion is an inner product of these vectors within a threshold,
Of the nodes located before and after the target node, the node having the shorter distance from the target node is projected onto the path path between the other nodes and the target node, and the path between the target node and the projected node The route is deleted to generate an end portion.

また、前記第3のステップにおける節点投影処理は、任意の節点とこれに最も近接するパス経路との距離が閾値以下で、かつ前記節点における前記移動体の姿勢方向と、前記近接するパス経路との傾きの差が一定の閾値以下である場合に、前記節点を処理対象と判断し、
対象節点を通り前記近接するパス経路に直交する直線と、該近接するパス経路との交点に、前記対象節点を投影することを特徴とする。
さらに、前記節点投影処理にて、前記対象節点に隣接する節点が、前記近接するパス経路若しくはこれに連結する他のパス経路上に投影されている場合には、前記対象節点の投影後に、該対象節点と前記隣接節点間のパス経路を削除し、
前記隣接節点が、前記近接するパス経路若しくはこれに連結する他のパス経路上に投影されていない場合には、前記対象節点と前記隣接節点間のパス経路を残存させることが好ましい。
Further, the node projection processing in the third step is such that the distance between an arbitrary node and a path route closest to the node is equal to or less than a threshold, the posture direction of the moving body at the node, and the adjacent path route When the difference in the slope of is less than or equal to a certain threshold, the node is determined to be processed,
The target node is projected onto an intersection of a straight line passing through the target node and orthogonal to the adjacent path route, and the adjacent path route.
Further, in the node projection process, when a node adjacent to the target node is projected on the adjacent path route or another path route connected thereto, after the target node is projected, Delete the path route between the target node and the adjacent node,
When the adjacent node is not projected on the adjacent path route or another path route connected to the adjacent node, it is preferable to leave a path route between the target node and the adjacent node.

また、前記第3のステップにおける交点生成処理は、2のパス経路が交差する位置に交点となる節点を生成した後に、該交点と、前記2のパス経路の両端に位置する各既設節点との距離を夫々導出し、
該距離が閾値以下である既設節点が存在する場合には、前記生成した交点を削除するとともに前記既設節点を交点と見なし、該交点と見なした既設節点を含む第1のパス経路を残存し、これに交差する第2のパス経路を削除した後、
前記交点と見なした既設節点を一端とし、前記第2のパス経路を代替する第3のパス経路を生成することを特徴とする。
Further, the intersection generation process in the third step generates a node as an intersection at a position where two path routes intersect, and then the intersection and each existing node positioned at both ends of the two path routes. Deriving each distance,
If there is an existing node whose distance is less than or equal to the threshold, the generated intersection is deleted, the existing node is regarded as an intersection, and the first path route including the existing node regarded as the intersection remains. , After deleting the second path that intersects this,
A third path route that substitutes for the second path route is generated with an existing node regarded as the intersection as one end.

さらにまた、前記作成した移動経路地図に対して、前記節点及び前記パス経路の削除、追加処理を含む編集処理を行なうことが好適である。
本発明は、例えば前記節点、前記パス経路の削除、追加処理、または別個に作成した移動経路地図の融合等の編集機能を持たせることにより、個々の利用者が移動経路地図をカスタマイズでき、利用者の要望に沿った移動経路地図を提供することができる。
Furthermore, it is preferable to perform editing processing including deletion and addition processing of the node and the path route on the created travel route map.
The present invention has an editing function such as deletion of the nodes, the path route, addition processing, or fusion of a separately created travel route map, so that individual users can customize the travel route map. It is possible to provide a travel route map according to the demand of the person.

以上記載のごとく本発明によれば、手動走行により作成した初期経路を元に移動経路地図を作成するため、計算負荷が小さく、簡単な操作で以って移動経路地図を作成することができる。
また、折曲部処理、節点投影処理、交点処理等を行なうことにより、前記初期経路が合理化され、移動体が自律走行する際の経路選択自由度が広がり、目的地まで移動する最短経路を選択することができるようになる。
As described above, according to the present invention, since the travel route map is created based on the initial route created by manual travel, the travel route map can be created by a simple operation with a small calculation load.
In addition, the initial route is streamlined by performing bending part processing, node projection processing, intersection processing, etc., and the degree of freedom of route selection when the mobile body autonomously travels increases, and the shortest route to move to the destination is selected. Will be able to.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の好適な実施例を例示的に詳しく説明する。但しこの実施例に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対的配置等は特に特定的な記載がない限りは、この発明の範囲をそれに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例に過ぎない。
本実施例に示す移動体の走行空間としては、一般家庭、各種施設、工場内等が挙げられるが、特に前記移動体は一般家庭内にてユーザの生活を補助、支援、介護するロボットであることが好適である。
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Not too much.
Examples of the travel space of the mobile body shown in the present embodiment include a general home, various facilities, and a factory. In particular, the mobile body is a robot that assists, supports, and cares for the user's life in the general home. Is preferred.

図1は本発明の実施例に係る移動経路地図作成アルゴリズムを示すフロー、図2は本発明の実施例に係る移動体を示す概略構成図である。
まず、図2により本実施例の移動体の概略構成を説明する。図2に示すように本実施例に係る移動体10は、本体11と、該本体11からの各種指令に基づき図示しない駆動装置により走行を補助する左右一対の駆動輪12と、前記移動体10に指令を入力するマイク、キーボード、リモコン等の入力手段13と、該移動体10からの音声出力、画面出力等を行なうスピーカー、モニター等の出力手段14と、移動経路地図を作成するための各種プログラムが格納された制御部20と、を具備している。
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a moving route map generation algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a moving body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
First, the schematic configuration of the moving body of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the moving body 10 according to the present embodiment includes a main body 11, a pair of left and right driving wheels 12 that assists traveling by a driving device (not shown) based on various commands from the main body 11, and the moving body 10. Input means 13 such as a microphone, keyboard, remote controller, etc. for inputting a command to, an output means 14 such as a speaker, a monitor, etc. for performing voice output and screen output from the moving body 10, and various types for creating a movement route map And a control unit 20 in which a program is stored.

前記制御部20は、前記駆動輪12の回転を検出するエンコーダにより移動体10の移動距離、姿勢方位変化量を検出するオドメトリデータ検出部21、グローバル座標系を基準として節点、パス経路を生成して初期経路を作成する節点,パス経路作成部22、該生成した節点の減数化を行なう減数化処理部23、前記初期経路の曲折部を抽出して端部を生成する曲折部処理部24、交差する2のパス経路を判別して交点を生成する交点生成処理部25、パス経路に近接する節点を該パス経路に投影する節点投影処理部26、前記初期経路、グローバル座標系、作成した移動経路地図等を格納する記憶部27、前記移動経路地図に融合、修正等の編集処理を行う編集機能28、を有している。   The control unit 20 generates nodes and path paths based on a global coordinate system based on an odometry data detection unit 21 that detects a movement distance and a posture azimuth change amount of the moving body 10 by an encoder that detects rotation of the drive wheel 12. A node for creating an initial route, a path route creation unit 22, a reduction processing unit 23 for reducing the generated nodes, a bent portion processing unit 24 for extracting a bent portion of the initial route and generating an end, An intersection generation processing unit 25 that discriminates two path routes that intersect each other to generate an intersection, a node projection processing unit 26 that projects a node close to the path route onto the path route, the initial route, the global coordinate system, and the created movement A storage unit 27 for storing a route map and the like, and an editing function 28 for performing editing processing such as fusion and correction on the moving route map are provided.

次に、図1のフローを参照して移動経路地図作成アルゴリズムにつき説明する。
図1に示されるように、まず走行可能領域にて網目状に前記移動体10を手動走行させ、移動経路を手押し教示する(S1)。これは、走行軌跡上にて任意の通過点を節点とし、2の節点間を繋ぐ線分をパス経路として前記記憶部27に登録し、複数の節点とパス経路からなる初期経路が移動可能経路であることを移動体10に教示するものである。手押し教示により生成した初期経路を表す移動経路地図を図5に示した。
さらに、前記初期経路上に存在する節点の減数化を行う(S2)。初期経路上には連続した節点が密集して存在する場合がある。従って、任意の節点を基準とし、予め設定した範囲内に複数の節点が存在する場合には、前記任意の設定以外の他の節点を削除し、パス経路を再生成するものである。これにより、冗長な節点とパス経路を削減でき、前記記憶部27の記憶容量を節約することができる。節点の減数化後の初期経路を表す移動経路地図を図6に示した。
Next, the movement route map creation algorithm will be described with reference to the flow of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, first, the moving body 10 is manually traveled in a mesh shape in the travelable region, and the travel route is manually taught (S1). This is because an arbitrary passing point on the travel locus is a node, a line segment connecting two nodes is registered in the storage unit 27 as a path route, and an initial route including a plurality of nodes and a path route is a movable route. This is to teach the moving body 10. FIG. 5 shows a movement route map representing the initial route generated by the manual push instruction.
Further, the number of nodes existing on the initial path is reduced (S2). There are cases where continuous nodes are densely present on the initial path. Accordingly, when a plurality of nodes exist within a preset range with an arbitrary node as a reference, other nodes other than the arbitrary setting are deleted, and the path route is regenerated. Thereby, redundant nodes and path paths can be reduced, and the storage capacity of the storage unit 27 can be saved. FIG. 6 shows a travel route map representing the initial route after node reduction.

そして、前記節点を減数化した初期経路に対して、曲折部処理を行なう(S3)。該曲折部処理は、前記初期経路から曲折部を判別し、該曲折部の折れ曲がり点に位置する節点に対して前後の節点の何れか一方を、他の節点と前記折れ曲がり点の節点で形成されるパス経路上に投影するものである。これにより、前記曲折部に端部が生成され、端部へ向かうパス経路が一本に統合される。
前記曲折部処理を行なった後に、節点投影処理を行なう(S4)。これは、前記パス経路の近傍に位置する対象節点を該パス経路上に投影する処理である。さらに、節点投影処理後に、前記対象節点に隣接する節点が投影処理を施されているか否かを判別し、投影されていない場合には、前記対象節点の前後のパス経路を残存させ、投影されている場合には隣接節点と対象節点間のパス経路を削除する経路統合化処理を行なう(S4)。かかる節点投影処理後の移動経路地図を図7に示した。
Then, a bent portion process is performed on the initial path in which the nodes are reduced (S3). The bent portion processing is performed by determining a bent portion from the initial path, and forming either one of the front and rear nodes with respect to the node located at the bent point of the bent portion, with the other node and the node of the bent point. Projected onto a path path. Thereby, an edge part is produced | generated in the said bending part, and the path path | route which goes to an edge part is integrated into one.
After performing the bent portion processing, node projection processing is performed (S4). This is a process of projecting the target node located in the vicinity of the path route onto the path route. Further, after the node projection process, it is determined whether or not the node adjacent to the target node has been subjected to the projection process. If the node is not projected, the path route before and after the target node is left and projected. If so, route integration processing for deleting the path route between the adjacent node and the target node is performed (S4). The movement route map after such node projection processing is shown in FIG.

前記節点投影処理を行なった後に、交点生成処理を行なう(S5)。これは、交差する2のパス経路を判別し、交差する点に交点となる節点を新たに生成する処理である。
さらに、前記交点生成処理した後に、前記2のパス経路の両端に位置する各既設節点と、前記生成した交点との間の距離を夫々導出し、該距離が一定の閾値以下である近接した既設節点が存在する場合には、前記生成した交点を削除するとともに前記近接した既設節点を交点と見なし、該交点と見なした既設節点を含む第1のパス経路を残存し、これに交差する第2のパス経路を削除する。そして、前記交点と見なした既設節点を一端とし、前記第2のパス経路を代替する第3のパス経路を生成する、交点追設、経路再結合処理を行なう(S6)。かかる交点処理後の移動経路地図を図8に示した。
このように、曲折部処理、節点投影処理、交点作成、交点追設、経路再結合処理等を行なうことにより、移動体の経路選択自由度が広がり、移動体が自律走行する際に自在に動き回ることができ、目的地までの最短距離を選択可能な合理的な移動経路地図が作成できる。
After performing the node projection processing, intersection generation processing is performed (S5). This is a process of discriminating two path routes that intersect each other and newly generating a node as an intersection at the intersecting point.
Further, after the intersection generation processing, the distance between each existing node located at both ends of the two path routes and the generated intersection is derived, and the adjacent existing nodes whose distance is equal to or less than a certain threshold value are derived. If there is a node, the generated intersection is deleted and the adjacent existing node is regarded as an intersection. 2 path route is deleted. Then, an existing node that is regarded as the intersection point is used as one end, and a third path route that replaces the second path route is generated, and an intersection point addition and route reconnection process is performed (S6). The movement route map after the intersection processing is shown in FIG.
In this way, by performing the bending portion processing, node projection processing, intersection creation, intersection addition, route recombination processing, etc., the route selection freedom of the mobile body is expanded, and the mobile body freely moves around when it travels autonomously. It is possible to create a rational travel route map that can select the shortest distance to the destination.

ここで、図1に示した各処理について詳しく説明する。
まず、前記手押し教示の処理において、節点とパス経路をオドメトリから自動登録する方法として図4に示す方法を採用することができる。図4において、30は任意の節点、31は新しく生成された節点で、32は前記任意の節点30における移動体10の進行方向を示す基準軸、33は前記基準軸32を中心として、左右に一定幅の閾値Wだけ離間した許容限界線、34は移動体の手動走行軌跡、35は節点同士を連結するパス経路である。
かかる処理では、前記基準軸32からのずれ量に対する閾値Wと、移動体10の姿勢方位変化量に対する閾値Dを予め設定しておき、前記任意の節点30から手動走行させながら、前記基準軸32からのずれ量と姿勢方位変化量を測定し、該基準軸32からのずれ量及び姿勢方位変化量のうち少なくとも何れか一方が閾値W、Dを越えたら、その位置を新規な節点31として登録する。そして、前記任意の節点30と新規な節点31とを繋いだ線分をパス経路35として登録する。前記基準軸32及び許容限界線33は、新規な節点31が生成されると矢印A方向に再作成される。
このように、節点生成の際に閾値を変化させることで、適当な間隔で節点を生成できるようになる。また、姿勢方位変化に対する閾値を設けることで、急激な姿勢方位変化が生じる箇所、例えば廊下から側面ドア入り口への侵入などの折れ曲がり部で、必ず節点が生成できるようになる。

Here, each process shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail.
First, in the manual push teaching process, the method shown in FIG. 4 can be adopted as a method of automatically registering nodes and path routes from odometry. In FIG. 4, 30 is an arbitrary node, 31 is a newly generated node, 32 is a reference axis indicating the traveling direction of the moving body 10 at the arbitrary node 30, and 33 is left and right around the reference axis 32. An allowable limit line separated by a threshold W having a certain width, 34 is a manual travel locus of the moving body, and 35 is a path route connecting the nodes.
In this processing, a threshold value W for the deviation amount from the reference axis 32 and a threshold value D for the posture / direction change amount of the moving body 10 are set in advance, and the reference axis 32 is manually moved from the arbitrary node 30. The amount of deviation and the amount of change in posture and orientation are measured, and when at least one of the amount of deviation from the reference axis 32 and the amount of change in posture and orientation exceeds the threshold values W and D, the position is registered as a new node 31. To do. A line segment connecting the arbitrary node 30 and the new node 31 is registered as a path route 35. The reference axis 32 and the allowable limit line 33 are recreated in the direction of arrow A when a new node 31 is generated.
In this way, by changing the threshold value at the time of node generation, nodes can be generated at appropriate intervals. In addition, by providing a threshold value for a change in posture / orientation, a node can be generated without fail at a portion where a sudden change in posture / orientation occurs, for example, at a bent part such as an entrance from a corridor to a side door entrance.

また、前記手押し教示の処理において、節点を登録する際に、対象節点に付随する情報を同時に登録するようにしても良い。例えば、図3のフローに示すように、前記移動体10を手押し移動し(S11)、節点として指定したい目的地に到達したら(S12)、目的地の座標値を登録するとともに、目的地の名称を音声教示する(S13)。さらに、目的地の名称と前記座標値とを関連付けて登録する(S14)。そして、経路教示が終了したかを判別し(S15)、終了していない場合には、次の目的地まで再度手押し移動させる。これを経路教示が終了するまで繰り返し行なう。
このように、必要に応じて前記節点に付随情報を関連付けて登録することにより、移動体がより一層知能的に振舞えるようになる。例えば、一の節点に対してキッチンという名称を関連付けると、移動体10に走行指令を出す際に、利用者が「キッチン」と言葉を発することにより、キッチンに対応する節点まで移動体が自動で走行するようになる。
In the manual push teaching process, when a node is registered, information associated with the target node may be registered at the same time. For example, as shown in the flow of FIG. 3, when the moving body 10 is manually moved (S11) and the destination desired to be designated as a node is reached (S12), the coordinate value of the destination is registered and the name of the destination is registered. Is taught (S13). Further, the destination name and the coordinate value are registered in association with each other (S14). Then, it is determined whether or not the route teaching has been completed (S15). If it has not been completed, it is manually moved again to the next destination. This is repeated until the route teaching is completed.
As described above, by registering the associated information in association with the nodes as necessary, the mobile body can behave more intelligently. For example, if the name “kitchen” is associated with one node, when the user issues a travel command to the moving body 10, the user automatically says “kitchen”, so that the moving body automatically reaches the node corresponding to the kitchen. I will start running.

図9に前記曲折部処理の一例を示す。図9(a)は曲折部処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は曲折部処理後の移動経路を示す図である。
図9において、グローバル座標系Σ0を基準とし、対象節点をRP[i]、この前に位置する隣接節点をRP[i-1]、後に位置する隣接節点をRP[i+1]、前記対象節点RP[i]と隣接節点RP[i-1]の間のパス経路をPT[j]、前記対象節点RP[i]と隣接節点RP[i+1]の間のパス経路をPT[k]、前記隣接節点RP[i+1]を一端とするパス経路をPT[k+1]とする。
まず、曲折部の判別を行なう。前記対象節点RP[i]を挟む位置に存在する前記パス経路PT[j]と前記パス経路PT[k]を表すベクトルを夫々正規化して生成し、両ベクトルの内積を求め、該内積が予め設定した閾値以下となった場合に曲折部と判定する。即ち、前記パス経路PT[j]と前記パス経路PT[k]の為す角が、所定の角度以下となったときに曲折部と判定する。
FIG. 9 shows an example of the bent portion process. FIG. 9A is a diagram showing the movement path before the bent portion processing, and FIG. 9B is a diagram showing the movement path after the bent portion processing.
In FIG. 9, with reference to the global coordinate system Σ 0 , the target node is RP [i], the adjacent node located before this is RP [i−1], the adjacent node located after is RP [i + 1], and The path route between the target node RP [i] and the adjacent node RP [i-1] is PT [j], and the path route between the target node RP [i] and the adjacent node RP [i + 1] is PT [ k] and a path route having the adjacent node RP [i + 1] as one end is defined as PT [k + 1].
First, the bent portion is determined. Vectors representing the path route PT [j] and the path route PT [k] existing at positions sandwiching the target node RP [i] are respectively normalized and generated, an inner product of both vectors is obtained, and the inner product is calculated in advance. When it becomes below the set threshold value, it is determined as a bent portion. That is, when the angle formed by the path route PT [j] and the path route PT [k] is equal to or smaller than a predetermined angle, it is determined as a bent portion.

曲折部と判定されたら、前記対象節点RP[i]からの距離が短い方の隣接節点、即ち本実施例では隣接節点RP[i+1]を、他の隣接節点RP[i-1]と前記対象節点RP[i]との間のパス経路PT[j]上に投影する。投影処理については後述する。
投影処理後、前記パス経路PT[j]と前記パス経路PT[k]を消去する。
前記投影した隣接節点RP[i+1]と、他の隣接節点RP[i-1]との間に、新しいパス経路PT[max+1]を追加する。
前記投影した隣接節点RP[i+1]と、前記対象節点RP[i]との間に、新しいパス経路PT[max+2]を追加する。
前記パス経路PT[k+1]の始点を前記投影した隣接節点RP[i+1]に変更する。
以上により曲折部処理が終了し、前記対象節点RP[i]を終端とする端部が生成される。
When it is determined as a bent portion, an adjacent node having a shorter distance from the target node RP [i], that is, an adjacent node RP [i + 1] in this embodiment is replaced with another adjacent node RP [i-1]. Project onto the path route PT [j] between the target node RP [i]. The projection process will be described later.
After the projection processing, the path route PT [j] and the path route PT [k] are deleted.
A new path route PT [max + 1] is added between the projected adjacent node RP [i + 1] and another adjacent node RP [i-1].
A new path route PT [max + 2] is added between the projected adjacent node RP [i + 1] and the target node RP [i].
The starting point of the path route PT [k + 1] is changed to the projected adjacent node RP [i + 1].
As described above, the bent portion process is completed, and an end portion that ends at the target node RP [i] is generated.

図10乃至図12に節点投影処理を示す。
節点投影処理では、対象節点と該対象節点に最も近接するパス経路との距離を算出し、該距離が予め設定した閾値以下であり、かつ前記対象節点における移動体の姿勢方向と、前記パス経路の傾きの差が一定の閾値以下である場合に、対象節点の投影処理を行うようにする。
また、投影処理を行なう際には、前後の隣接節点のどちらも投影されていない場合(ケース1)と、前後の隣接節点のうち何れか一方が投影されている場合(ケース2)とに場合分けして行なうものとする。
10 to 12 show the nodal projection process.
In the node projection processing, the distance between the target node and the path route closest to the target node is calculated, the distance is equal to or less than a preset threshold, and the posture direction of the moving object at the target node, and the path route When the difference between the slopes of the target nodes is equal to or smaller than a certain threshold value, the target node is projected.
In addition, when performing the projection process, the case where neither the front and rear adjacent nodes are projected (case 1), or the case where either one of the front and rear adjacent nodes is projected (case 2) It shall be done separately.

図10は、隣接節点が投影されていない場合(ケース1)の節点投影処理の一例を示す図であり、(a)は投影処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は投影処理後の移動経路を示す図である。
図10によれば、グローバル座標系Σ0を基準とし、対象節点をRP[i]、この前に位置する隣接節点をRP[i-1]、後に位置する隣接節点をRP[i+1]、前記隣接節点RP[i-1]と前記対象節点RP[i]との間のパス経路をPT[k-1]、前記対象節点RP[i]と前記隣接節点RP[i+1]との間のパス経路をPT[k]、投影するパス経路の両端に位置する節点をRP[j]、RP[j+1]、前記節点RP[j]と前記節点RP[j+1]の間のパス経路をPT[j]とする。
投影処理を行う前の経路は、(1)→RP[j]→RP[j+1]→、(2)→RP[i-1]→RP[i]→RP[i+1]→、の2の移動経路が存在している。前記対象節点RP[i]を前記パス経路PT[j]に投影した後、前記パス経路PT[k-1]と前記パス経路PT[k]とを消去し、新たに前記投影した対象節点を一端としたパス経路PT[max+1]とパス経路PT[max+2]を生成する。
従って、投影処理後の経路は、(1)→RP[j]→RP[i]→RP[j+1]→、(2)→RP[i-1]→RP[i]→RP[i+1]→の2の移動経路が存在することとなる。
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of node projection processing when no adjacent node is projected (case 1), (a) is a diagram illustrating a movement path before projection processing, and (b) is a diagram after projection processing. It is a figure which shows a movement path | route.
According to FIG. 10, with the global coordinate system Σ 0 as a reference, the target node is RP [i], the adjacent node located before this is RP [i−1], and the adjacent node located after is RP [i + 1]. A path route between the adjacent node RP [i-1] and the target node RP [i] is PT [k-1], the target node RP [i] and the adjacent node RP [i + 1] PT [k] is the path route between, RP [j], RP [j + 1] are the nodes located at both ends of the projected path route, and the nodes RP [j] and RP [j + 1] Let PT [j] be the path route between.
The route before the projection process is (1) → RP [j] → RP [j + 1] →, (2) → RP [i-1] → RP [i] → RP [i + 1] →, There are two movement paths. After projecting the target node RP [i] onto the path route PT [j], the path route PT [k-1] and the path route PT [k] are erased, and the projected target node is newly A path route PT [max + 1] and a path route PT [max + 2] are generated as one end.
Therefore, the route after the projection processing is (1) → RP [j] → RP [i] → RP [j + 1] →, (2) → RP [i−1] → RP [i] → RP [i There are two movement paths of +1] →.

図11は、隣接節点の何れか一が投影されている場合(ケース2)の節点投影処理の一例を示す図であり、(a)は投影処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は投影処理後の移動経路を示す図である。
図11では、図10に示した投影処理と同様に、対象節点RP[i]をパス経路PT[j]に投影し、前記パス経路PT[k-1]と前記パス経路PT[k]を消去した後、新たにパス経路PT[max+1]、パス経路PT[max+2]を生成する。
さらに本実施例では、既に前記隣接節点RP[i-1]が投影されているため、該隣接節点RP[i-1]と対象節点RP[i]との間に新たに生成したパス経路PT[max+1]を消去する。このように、前記パス経路PT[max+1]を消去することにより重複した経路を省き、移動経路地図を簡略化することができる。
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a node projection process when any one of adjacent nodes is projected (case 2), (a) is a diagram illustrating a movement path before the projection process, and (b) is a diagram. It is a figure which shows the movement path | route after a projection process.
In FIG. 11, similarly to the projection processing shown in FIG. 10, the target node RP [i] is projected onto the path route PT [j], and the path route PT [k−1] and the path route PT [k] are projected. After erasing, a new path route PT [max + 1] and path route PT [max + 2] are generated.
Further, in the present embodiment, since the adjacent node RP [i-1] has already been projected, a newly generated path route PT between the adjacent node RP [i-1] and the target node RP [i]. Delete [max + 1]. In this way, by deleting the path route PT [max + 1], it is possible to omit duplicate routes and simplify the travel route map.

また、図12に前記節点投影処理の具体的な演算方法を示す。図12では、グローバル座標系Σ0:(X,Y,TH)(ここで、THは姿勢方向)、対象節点RP[j]を原点とした並進座標系Σ1:(x’,y’,th’)、対象節点RP[j]を中心にx”軸が経路と一致するように回転角αだけ回転させた回転座標系Σ2:(x”,y”,th”)、の3の座標系を利用している。
まず、グローバル座標系Σ0→並進座標系Σ1、並進座標系Σ1→回転座標系Σ2への座標変換を夫々行なう。
次に、回転座標系Σ2における対象節点のx”座標を計算する。
さらに、前記回転座標系Σ2における対象節点RP[i]のy”座標が、予め設定された閾値Lより小さい場合には、パス経路PT[j]上に前記対象節点RP[i]を投影する。
投影した対象節点RP[i]の回転座標系Σ2における座標は、(RP[i].x”,0,90)となる。
さらに、前記座標について、回転座標系Σ2→グローバル座標系Σ0に座標変換して戻すと、グローバル座標系における投影座標が得られる。
FIG. 12 shows a specific calculation method of the node projection processing. In FIG. 12, the global coordinate system Σ 0 : (X, Y, TH) (where TH is the orientation direction), the translation coordinate system Σ 1 : (x ′, y ′, th ′), a rotating coordinate system Σ 2 : (x ″, y ″, th ″), rotated about the target node RP [j] by the rotation angle α so that the x ″ axis coincides with the path. A coordinate system is used.
First, coordinate transformation from the global coordinate system Σ 0 to the translational coordinate system Σ 1 and the translational coordinate system Σ 1 to the rotational coordinate system Σ 2 is performed.
Next, the x ″ coordinate of the target node in the rotational coordinate system Σ 2 is calculated.
Further, when the y ″ coordinate of the target node RP [i] in the rotational coordinate system Σ 2 is smaller than the preset threshold L, the target node RP [i] is projected onto the path route PT [j]. To do.
The coordinates of the projected target node RP [i] in the rotational coordinate system Σ 2 are (RP [i] .x ″, 0, 90).
Furthermore, when the coordinates are converted back from the rotational coordinate system Σ 2 to the global coordinate system Σ 0 , the projected coordinates in the global coordinate system are obtained.

図13に前記交点処理の一例を示す。図13(a)は交点処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は交点処理後の移動経路を示す図である。
図13において、グローバル座標系Σ0を基準とし、交差する2のパス経路を、夫々パス経路PT[i]、パス経路PT[j]、前記2のパス経路の交点をRP[k]とする。このとき、前記パス経路PT[i]、PT[j]、交点RP[k]は以下のように定義される。
PT[i]:対象パス経路(0≦i≦Data-2)
始点の座標値:(PT[i].xb,PT[i].yb)
終点の座標値:(PT[i].xe,PT[i].ye)
PT[j]:対象パス経路(i+1≦j≦Data-1)
始点の座標値:(PT[j].xb,PT[j].yb)
終点の座標値:(PT[j].xe,PT[j].ye)
RP[k]:交点(Data≦k)
交点の座標値:(X座標,Y座標,姿勢th)=(RP[k].x,RP[k].y,RP[k].th)
FIG. 13 shows an example of the intersection processing. FIG. 13A is a diagram showing a movement path before the intersection process, and FIG. 13B is a diagram showing a movement path after the intersection process.
In FIG. 13, with reference to the global coordinate system Σ 0 , the two path routes that intersect are the path route PT [i], the path route PT [j], and the intersection of the two path routes is RP [k]. . At this time, the path routes PT [i] and PT [j] and the intersection RP [k] are defined as follows.
PT [i]: Target path route (0 ≦ i ≦ Data-2)
Start point coordinate: (PT [i] .xb, PT [i] .yb)
End point coordinate: (PT [i] .xe, PT [i] .ye)
PT [j]: Target path route (i + 1≤j≤Data-1)
Start point coordinate value: (PT [j] .xb, PT [j] .yb)
End point coordinate: (PT [j] .xe, PT [j] .ye)
RP [k]: Intersection (Data ≦ k)
Coordinate value of intersection: (X coordinate, Y coordinate, posture th) = (RP [k] .x, RP [k] .y, RP [k] .th)

また、前記パス経路PT[i]、前記パス経路PT[j]の関数は以下のように定義される。
経路PT[i]:Y=f1(X)=A1・X+B1
[min(PT[i].xb,PT[i].xe)≦X≦max(PT[i].xb,PT[i].xe)]
経路PT[j]:Y=f2(X)=A2・X+B2
[min(PT[j].xb,PT[j].xe)≦X≦max(PT[j].xb,PT[j].xe)]
このとき、A1=(PT[i].ye-PT[i].yb)/(PT[i].xe-PT[i].xb)
B1=(PT[i].xe×PT[i].yb-PT[i].xb×PT[i].ye)/(PT[i].xe-PT[i].xb)
A2=(PT[j].ye-PT[j].yb)/(PT[j].xe-PT[j].xb)
B2=(PT[j].xe×PT[j].yb-PT[j].xb×PT[j].ye)/(PT[j].xe-PT[j].xb)
The functions of the path route PT [i] and the path route PT [j] are defined as follows.
Path PT [i]: Y = f 1 (X) = A 1 · X + B 1
[min (PT [i] .xb, PT [i] .xe) ≦ X ≦ max (PT [i] .xb, PT [i] .xe)]
Path PT [j]: Y = f 2 (X) = A 2 · X + B 2
[min (PT [j] .xb, PT [j] .xe) ≦ X ≦ max (PT [j] .xb, PT [j] .xe)]
At this time, A 1 = (PT [i] .ye-PT [i] .yb) / (PT [i] .xe-PT [i] .xb)
B 1 = (PT [i] .xe × PT [i] .yb-PT [i] .xb × PT [i] .ye) / (PT [i] .xe-PT [i] .xb)
A 2 = (PT [j] .ye-PT [j] .yb) / (PT [j] .xe-PT [j] .xb)
B 2 = (PT [j] .xe × PT [j] .yb-PT [j] .xb × PT [j] .ye) / (PT [j] .xe-PT [j] .xb)

このように、前記パス経路PT[i]、前記パス経路PT[j]が定義できるため、これらのパス経路が交差するか否かを判別する際には、何れか一方のパス経路に注目し、他のパス経路の始点と終点が前記注目したパス経路を挟んで位置するか否かを求める。前記始点と終点とが前記注目したパス経路を挟んで位置する場合には、前記2のパス経路が交差していると判定し、同じ側に位置する場合には交差していないものと判定する。
前記2のパス経路が交差していると判定された場合には、前記定義したように交点を導出し、ここに新たに節点を生成する。
As described above, since the path route PT [i] and the path route PT [j] can be defined, when determining whether or not these path routes intersect, pay attention to one of the path routes. Then, it is determined whether or not the start point and end point of another path route are located across the noted path route. When the starting point and the ending point are located across the noted path route, it is determined that the two path routes intersect, and when they are located on the same side, it is determined that they do not intersect. .
If it is determined that the two path routes intersect, an intersection is derived as defined above, and a new node is generated here.

さらに、前記交点生成処理を行なった後に、生成した交点RP[k]と、前記2のパス経路PT[i]、PT[j]の両端に位置する節点との距離を算出し、該距離が予め設定した閾値以下である場合には、図14に示されるように交点追設、経路再結合処理を行なう。図14は交点追設、経路再結合処理の一例を説明する図で、(a)は処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は処理後の移動経路を示す図である。
図14において、交差するパス経路を夫々パス経路PT[i]、パス経路PT[j]、前記パス経路PT[i]の両端の既設節点をRP[i]、RP[ii]、前記パス経路PT[j]の両端の既設節点をRP[j]、RP[jj]、生成した交点をCS[k]とする。
Further, after performing the intersection generation processing, a distance between the generated intersection RP [k] and the nodes located at both ends of the two path routes PT [i] and PT [j] is calculated, and the distance is calculated. If it is less than or equal to the preset threshold value, an intersection addition and route recombination processing is performed as shown in FIG. 14A and 14B are diagrams for explaining an example of intersection addition and route recombination processing. FIG. 14A is a diagram showing a travel route before processing, and FIG. 14B is a diagram showing a travel route after processing.
In FIG. 14, the intersecting path route is a path route PT [i], the path route PT [j], the existing nodes at both ends of the path route PT [i] are RP [i], RP [ii], and the path route. The existing nodes at both ends of PT [j] are RP [j] and RP [jj], and the generated intersection is CS [k].

前記生成した交点CS[k]に最も近接する節点が前記既設節点RP[j]である場合、これらの距離を算出し、該距離が閾値以下である場合には、前記既設節点RP[j]を交点と見なす。
前記既設節点RP[j]を含むパス経路PT[j]を残し、これに交差するパス経路PT[i]を削除する。
前記新たな交点RP[j]と前記既設節点RP[i]の間にパス経路PT[max+1]を生成する。同様に、前記新たな交点RP[j]と前記既設節点RP[ii]の間にパス経路PT[max+2]を生成する。
このようにして、交点が既設節点に近い場合には交点を追設し、経路を再結合する。このとき、他の既設節点RP[i]、RP[ii]、RP[jj]が生成した交点CS[k]と近接する場合にも同様の処理を行う。
When the node closest to the generated intersection CS [k] is the existing node RP [j], these distances are calculated, and when the distance is equal to or less than a threshold, the existing node RP [j] Is regarded as an intersection.
The path route PT [j] including the existing node RP [j] is left, and the path route PT [i] intersecting with this is deleted.
A path route PT [max + 1] is generated between the new intersection RP [j] and the existing node RP [i]. Similarly, a path route PT [max + 2] is generated between the new intersection RP [j] and the existing node RP [ii].
In this way, when the intersection is close to the existing node, the intersection is added and the paths are reconnected. At this time, the same processing is performed when other existing nodes RP [i], RP [ii], and RP [jj] are close to the generated intersection CS [k].

また、前記各種処理を施して作成した移動経路地図に対して、例えば前記節点、前記パス経路の削除、追加処理、または別個に作成した移動経路地図の融合等の編集機能を持たせることが好適である。
上記した図9乃至図14に示す折曲部処理、節点投影処理、交点処理等は一例であるが、このように節点、パス経路の処理を行うことにより、手動走行により作成された初期経路が合理化され、移動体が自律走行する際の経路選択自由度が広く、目的地まで移動する最短経路を選択することができる合理的な移動経路地図を作成することができる。
In addition, it is preferable that the travel route map created by performing the various processes has an editing function such as the node, the deletion of the path route, an addition process, or the fusion of the travel route maps created separately. It is.
The bent portion processing, node projection processing, intersection processing, and the like shown in FIGS. 9 to 14 are examples. However, by performing the node and path route processing in this way, an initial route created by manual travel can be obtained. A rational travel route map that can be rationalized and has a wide degree of freedom in route selection when the mobile body travels autonomously and can select the shortest route to travel to the destination can be created.

本発明の実施例に係る移動経路地図作成アルゴリズムを示すフローである。It is a flow which shows the movement route map creation algorithm which concerns on the Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例に係る移動体を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the mobile body which concerns on the Example of this invention. 対象節点への付随情報関連付け処理を示すフローである。It is a flow which shows the accompanying information correlation process to a target node. 本実施例における節点生成方法を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the node generation method in a present Example. 手押し教示直後の初期経路を表す移動経路地図である。It is a movement route map showing the initial route immediately after hand pushing instruction. 節点減数化直後の初期経路を表す移動経路地図である。It is a movement route map showing the initial route immediately after node reduction. 節点投影処理後の移動経路地図である。It is a movement route map after a node projection process. 交点処理後の移動経路地図である。It is a movement route map after an intersection process. 曲折部処理の一例を説明する図で、(a)は曲折部処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は曲折部処理後の移動経路を示す図である。It is a figure explaining an example of a bending part process, (a) is a figure which shows the movement path | route before a bending part process, (b) is a figure which shows the movement path | route after a bending part process. 本実施例における節点投影処理(ケース1)の一例を説明する図で、(a)は投影処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は投影処理後の移動経路を示す図である。It is a figure explaining an example of the node projection process (case 1) in a present Example, (a) is a figure which shows the movement path | route before a projection process, (b) is a figure which shows the movement path | route after a projection process. 本実施例における節点投影処理(ケース2)の一例を説明する図で、(a)は投影処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は投影処理後の移動経路を示す図である。It is a figure explaining an example of the node projection process (case 2) in a present Example, (a) is a figure which shows the movement path | route before a projection process, (b) is a figure which shows the movement path | route after a projection process. 図10及び図11に示した節点投影処理における座標変換を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the coordinate transformation in the node projection process shown in FIG.10 and FIG.11. 本実施例における交点生成処理の一例を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining an example of the intersection production | generation process in a present Example. 本実施例における交点追設、経路再結合処理の一例を説明する図で、(a)は処理前の移動経路を示す図、(b)は処理後の移動経路を示す図である。It is a figure explaining an example of the intersection additional installation in a present Example, a path | route recombination process, (a) is a figure which shows the movement path | route before a process, (b) is a figure which shows the movement path | route after a process. 本発明の実施例を適用する一般家庭屋内の間取り図である。It is a floor plan in a general household to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10 移動体
12 駆動輪
13 入力手段
14 出力手段
20 制御部
21 オドメトリデータ検出部
22 節点,パス経路生成部
23 減数化処理部
24 曲折部処理部
25 交点生成処理部
26 節点投影処理部
27 記憶部
28 編集機能
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Mobile body 12 Driving wheel 13 Input means 14 Output means 20 Control part 21 Odometry data detection part 22 Node, path route generation part 23 Decrease processing part 24 Bending part processing part 25 Intersection generation processing part 26 Node projection processing part 27 Storage part 28 Editing functions

Claims (7)

自律走行する移動体に対して、走行領域内の移動可能経路が示された移動経路地図を作成する移動経路地図作成方法において、
前記移動体の手動走行による走行軌跡上の複数の節点と、隣接する節点同士を連結したパス経路とからなる初期経路を登録する第1のステップと、
任意の節点を基準とし、予め設定した範囲内に複数の節点が存在する場合には、前記任意の節点以外の他の節点を削除し、パス経路を再生成して節点の減数化を行なう第2のステップと、
前記第2のステップにて減数化を行なった初期経路に対して、曲折部を判別して端部を生成する曲折部処理と、前記パス経路の近傍に位置する節点をパス経路上に投影する節点投影処理と、交差するパス経路を判別して交点を生成する交点生成処理と、から少なくとも一の処理を行なう第3のステップと、を備え、
前記第3のステップにおける交点生成処理は、2のパス経路が交差する位置に交点となる節点を生成した後に、該交点と、前記2のパス経路の両端に位置する各既設節点との距離を夫々導出し、
該距離が閾値以下である既設節点が存在する場合には、前記生成した交点を削除するとともに前記既設節点を交点と見なし、該交点と見なした既設節点を含む第1のパス経路を残存し、これに交差する第2のパス経路を削除した後、
前記交点と見なした既設節点を一端とし、前記第2のパス経路を代替する第3のパス経路を生成することを特徴とする移動経路地図作成方法。
In a travel route map creation method for creating a travel route map showing a movable route in a travel area for a mobile body that travels autonomously,
A first step of registering an initial route including a plurality of nodes on a travel locus by manual travel of the mobile body and a path route connecting adjacent nodes;
When a plurality of nodes exist within a preset range with an arbitrary node as a reference, a node other than the arbitrary node is deleted, and a path route is regenerated to reduce the number of nodes. Two steps,
A bent portion process for generating an end portion by discriminating a bent portion with respect to the initial route subjected to reduction in the second step, and a node located in the vicinity of the path route is projected onto the path route. A third step of performing at least one process from a nodal projection process, an intersection generation process for determining an intersecting path route and generating an intersection,
In the intersection generation process in the third step, after generating a node as an intersection at a position where two path routes intersect, the distance between the intersection and each existing node located at both ends of the two path routes is calculated. Derived respectively
If there is an existing node whose distance is less than or equal to the threshold, the generated intersection is deleted, the existing node is regarded as an intersection, and the first path route including the existing node regarded as the intersection remains. , After deleting the second path that intersects this,
A moving route map creation method, wherein a third path route that substitutes for the second path route is generated with an existing node regarded as the intersection as one end.
前記第1のステップにて、前記移動体の姿勢方位変化量に対する閾値と、前記移動体の進行方向を基準軸とし、該基準軸からのずれ量に対する閾値とを設定しておき、前記移動体の手動走行に伴い前記姿勢方位変化量及び前記基準軸からのずれ量のうち少なくとも何れか一方が前記閾値を超えた場合に、その位置を節点として自動登録することを特徴とする請求項1記載の移動経路地図作成方法。   In the first step, a threshold for an amount of change in posture and orientation of the moving body and a threshold for an amount of deviation from the reference axis are set with the moving direction of the moving body as a reference axis. The position is automatically registered as a node when at least one of the posture direction change amount and the deviation amount from the reference axis exceeds the threshold in accordance with the manual travel of claim 1. How to create a travel route map. 前記第1のステップにて、前記節点を登録する際に、対象節点の付随情報を該対象節点の位置情報に関連付けて登録することを特徴とする請求項1記載の移動経路地図作成方法。   2. The moving route map creation method according to claim 1, wherein when the node is registered in the first step, the accompanying information of the target node is registered in association with the position information of the target node. 前記第3のステップにおける曲折部処理は、対象節点を挟む2のパス経路を表すベクトルを正規化し、これらのベクトルの内積が閾値以内である場合に曲折部と判断し、
前記対象節点の前後に位置する節点のうち、該対象節点からの距離が短い方の節点を、他の節点と前記対象節点間のパス経路上に投影し、前記対象節点と投影節点間のパス経路を削除して、端部を生成することを特徴とする請求項1記載の移動経路地図作成方法。
The bent portion process in the third step normalizes a vector representing two path paths sandwiching the target node, and determines that the bent portion is an inner product of these vectors within a threshold,
Of the nodes located before and after the target node, the node having the shorter distance from the target node is projected onto the path path between the other nodes and the target node, and the path between the target node and the projected node 2. The moving route map creation method according to claim 1, wherein the route is deleted to generate an end portion.
前記第3のステップにおける節点投影処理は、任意の節点とこれに最も近接するパス経路との距離が閾値以下で、かつ前記節点における前記移動体の姿勢方位と、前記近接するパス経路との傾きの差が一定の閾値以下である場合に、前記節点を処理対象と判断し、
対象節点を通り前記近接するパス経路に直交する直線と、該近接するパス経路との交点に、前記対象節点を投影することを特徴とする請求項1記載の移動経路地図作成方法。
In the node projection processing in the third step, the distance between an arbitrary node and a path route closest to the node is equal to or less than a threshold value, and the posture azimuth of the moving body at the node and the inclination of the adjacent path route If the difference is less than or equal to a certain threshold, the node is determined to be processed,
2. The moving route map creation method according to claim 1, wherein the target node is projected to an intersection of a straight line passing through the target node and orthogonal to the adjacent path route and the adjacent path route.
請求項3記載の節点投影処理にて、前記対象節点に隣接する節点が、前記近接するパス経路若しくはこれに連結する他のパス経路上に投影されている場合には、前記対象節点の投影後に、該対象節点と前記隣接節点間のパス経路を削除し、
前記隣接節点が、前記近接するパス経路若しくはこれに連結する他のパス経路上に投影されていない場合には、前記対象節点と前記隣接節点間のパス経路を残存させることを特徴とする請求項3記載の移動経路地図作成方法。
4. The node projection process according to claim 3, wherein a node adjacent to the target node is projected on the adjacent path route or another path route connected thereto, after the target node is projected. , Delete the path route between the target node and the adjacent node,
The path route between the target node and the adjacent node is left when the adjacent node is not projected on the adjacent path route or another path route connected thereto. 3. The travel route map creation method according to 3.
前記作成した移動経路地図に対して、前記節点及び前記パス経路の削除、追加処理を含む編集処理を行なうことを特徴とする請求項1記載の移動経路地図作成方法。   2. The moving route map creating method according to claim 1, wherein an editing process including deleting and adding the node and the path route is performed on the created moving route map.
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