JP4276520B2 - 空気分離装置の運転方法 - Google Patents
空気分離装置の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4276520B2 JP4276520B2 JP2003370739A JP2003370739A JP4276520B2 JP 4276520 B2 JP4276520 B2 JP 4276520B2 JP 2003370739 A JP2003370739 A JP 2003370739A JP 2003370739 A JP2003370739 A JP 2003370739A JP 4276520 B2 JP4276520 B2 JP 4276520B2
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- nitrogen
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 322
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 161
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 137
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
- F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
- F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
- F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
- F25J3/0426—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation
- F25J3/04266—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation and being liquefied hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
- F25J3/04357—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen and comprising a gas work expansion loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
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- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Description
(2)また、LNGの使用量が大きく変動するため、空気分離装置は最小のLNG使用可能量に合わせて設計しなければならず、LNGの冷熱を十分に有効活用することができなかった。
(3)さらに、運転停止中の入熱によりLNGタンク内に残されているLNGの気化により自然気化ガス(BOG)が生じ、LNGタンクの内圧が上昇して危険であるため、LNGタンク内のBOGを廃棄しなければならず、経済的に不利になるという問題があった。
そして、第4の主要部は、前記窒素循環冷却機構3で製造された液体窒素と低温の窒素ガスとを分離すると共に、液体窒素を過冷却して液体窒素製品とする液体窒素過冷却ボックス4である。以下、本発明の形態に係る空気分離装置を構成する、これら主要部の構成を、図面を順次参照しながら説明する。
一方、低圧精留塔22の頂部から過冷却器24を介して取出された高純度窒素ガス、および高圧精留塔23から取出された高純度窒素ガスは主熱交換器21において原料空気と熱交換した後、図3に示す流路C,Dを介して送出され、それぞれ窒素循環冷却機構3に送られる。
(1) NGの需要がなくなって払出しができなくなった場合でも、LNGを冷熱回収流路35に供給して循環させることにより循環圧縮機32から吐出される圧縮窒素ガスを冷却することができる。つまり、従来のように、循環圧縮機32の運転を停止する必要がなく、NGの需要量の多少に拘らず運転を継続することができるから、空気分離装置の稼働率が向上する。
(2) また、LNGの使用量が大きく変動しても、空気分離装置を最小のLNG使用可能量に合わせて設計する必要がないので、LNGの冷熱を十分に有効活用することができる。
(3) さらに、LNGタンク35aから冷熱回収流路35に供給されたLNGは、冷熱蓄熱器34aに蓄熱されている冷熱を回収すると共に、第1窒素冷熱利用熱交換器33cで過冷却されてLNGタンク35aに戻される。従って、LNGの過冷却度によりLNGタンク35a内のBOGの発生を抑制するか、またはLNGタンク35a内のBOGを液化させてLNGタンク35aの内圧を低下させることができる。そのため、LNGタンク35a内のBOGを廃棄する必要がなく、経済的に有利になる。
そして、窒素循環流路33の循環圧縮機32の吸込口の付近に、窒素圧縮機31で圧縮された流路Cの高純度窒素ガスと、流路Dの高純度窒素ガスとの混合ガスが供給されるように構成されている。LNG冷熱蓄熱流路34と冷熱回収流路35の経路は上記形態1の場合と同様である。
1…原料空気処理部,11…吸込フィルタ,12…空気圧縮機,13…クーラ、14…MS吸着器,15…再生電気ヒータ,16…サイレンサ
2…コールドボックス,21…主熱交換器,22…低圧精留塔,23…高圧精留塔,24…過冷却器,25…酸素リッチな液体空気,26…主凝縮器
3…窒素循環冷却機構,31…窒素圧縮機,32…循環圧縮機,33…窒素循環流路,33a…第1LNG利用熱交換器,33b…膨張タービン,33c…第1窒素冷熱利用熱交換器,33d…第2窒素冷熱利用熱交換器,33e…第2LNG利用熱交換器,33f…予冷器,33g…循環タービン圧縮機,33h…分岐流路,33i…循環冷凍機,34…LNG冷熱蓄熱流路,34a…冷熱蓄熱器,35…冷熱回収流路,35a…LNGタンク,35b…LNGポンプ,36…NG排出流路,37…LNG加温器,38a…LNG供給元タンク,38b…LNG供給元ポンプ
4…液体窒素過冷却ボックス,41…気液分離器,42…液体窒素過冷却器,43…液体窒素流路,44…流量制御弁,45…液体窒素温度検出センサ、46…低温の窒素ガス,47…液体窒素
Claims (2)
- 液化天然ガスタンクから十分な量の液化天然ガスを供給することができるときには、液化天然ガスの冷熱による圧縮窒素ガスの冷却および冷熱蓄熱器への前記液化天然ガスの冷熱の蓄熱をし、蓄熱後の液化天然ガスは液化天然ガス加温器で気化させて天然ガスを製造する一方、液化天然ガスタンクから供給できる液化天然ガスの供給量が少ないときには、液化天然ガスタンクから液化天然ガスポンプを経て供給した液化天然ガスの冷熱で圧縮窒素ガスを冷却して自らは昇温して1部または全てがガス化するこの液化天然ガスまたは天然ガスを、液化天然ガスタンクから液化天然ガスポンプを経て供給した液化天然ガスに合流させて液化天然ガスの2相流とした後に、前記冷熱蓄熱器に流入させて2相流の液化天然ガスを液化することで冷熱を回収すると共に、冷熱回収後の液化天然ガスを前記液化天然ガスタンクに戻すことを特徴とする空気分離装置の運転方法。
- 前記冷熱回収後の液化天然ガスを液化天然ガスタンクに戻す前に、窒素循環冷却機構で発生する寒冷を利用して冷却することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気分離装置の運転方法。
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US7552599B2 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2009-06-30 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Air separation process utilizing refrigeration extracted from LNG for production of liquid oxygen |
US8028724B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2011-10-04 | Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. | LNG tank and unloading of LNG from the tank |
US7644676B2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2010-01-12 | Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. | Storage tank containing liquefied natural gas with butane |
KR20090107805A (ko) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-14 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치 |
CN101839612B (zh) * | 2010-04-06 | 2012-05-02 | 浙江大学 | 基于lng卫星站冷能利用的倒灌式空气分离***及方法 |
KR101051306B1 (ko) * | 2010-10-05 | 2011-07-22 | 한국기계연구원 | 압축공기저장 발전시스템 |
RU2596764C2 (ru) * | 2011-08-09 | 2016-09-10 | Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани | Способ сжижения природного газа |
CN102705705A (zh) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-10-03 | 天津华迈燃气装备股份有限公司 | 一种用于冷库的无相变lng冷能利用装置 |
CN104019628B (zh) * | 2014-05-14 | 2016-04-13 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 使空分***在lng冷能供应中断期间连续运行的方法 |
CN105466154B (zh) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-12-15 | 七台河宝泰隆煤化工股份有限公司 | 一种空分工艺方法 |
BR112020004957A2 (pt) * | 2017-09-14 | 2020-09-15 | Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. | separador misto do coletor de saída do condensador de refrigerante |
CN110319651A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-11 | 舒伟 | 一种基于冷能循环的天然气集运***及集运方法 |
CN109140903B (zh) * | 2018-08-24 | 2024-01-09 | 邢仁钊 | 一种利用液化天然气冷能的空分***及空气分离方法 |
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CN114992505B (zh) * | 2022-05-05 | 2024-07-09 | 上海纳萨实业发展有限公司 | 一种智能液氮罐 |
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