JP4261434B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

Crusher Download PDF

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JP4261434B2
JP4261434B2 JP2004228889A JP2004228889A JP4261434B2 JP 4261434 B2 JP4261434 B2 JP 4261434B2 JP 2004228889 A JP2004228889 A JP 2004228889A JP 2004228889 A JP2004228889 A JP 2004228889A JP 4261434 B2 JP4261434 B2 JP 4261434B2
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crushing
crushed
rotary blade
edge
screen mechanism
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JP2006043598A (en
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英明 磯見
大輔 坂本
芳明 加藤
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Kubota Corp
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Description

本発明は、被破砕物を投入する受入ホッパと、前記受入ホッパの下方に配置され、周面に複数個の回転刃が取付けられ、水平軸心周りに回転する破砕ロータと前記破砕ロータに対向配置された固定刃とからなる破砕処理部と、前記破砕ロータの下部周面に沿って配置され、前記破砕処理部で破砕処理された被破砕物を選択的に通過させる複数の開口部が形成されたスクリーン機構とを備えてなる破砕装置に関する。   The present invention is directed to a receiving hopper for feeding a material to be crushed, a crushing rotor disposed below the receiving hopper, having a plurality of rotary blades attached to a peripheral surface thereof, and rotating about a horizontal axis, and facing the crushing rotor A crushing processing unit composed of a fixed blade arranged and a plurality of openings that are arranged along the lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor and selectively pass a material to be crushed by the crushing processing unit. The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus comprising the screen mechanism.

従来から、被破砕物を投入する受入ホッパと、前記受入ホッパの下方に配置され、周面に複数個の回転刃が取付けられ、水平軸心周りに回転する破砕ロータと前記破砕ロータに対向配置された固定刃とからなる破砕処理部と、前記破砕ロータの下部周面に沿って配置され、前記破砕処理部で破砕処理された被破砕物を選択的に通過させる複数の開口部が形成されたスクリーン機構とを備えてなる破砕装置では、加工の容易さから前記スクリーンに数十ミリの径で多数の丸孔または角孔形状の開口部が形成されたものが使用されている。さらには、被破砕物として生ゴミ等の詰り易いものに対しては前記回転刃の回転軌跡に沿った方向にスリット状の開口部が形成されたものも使用されている。
特開２００２−１２６５４９号公報 Conventionally, a receiving hopper for feeding an object to be crushed, a plurality of rotary blades mounted on a peripheral surface, arranged below the receiving hopper, and opposed to the crushing rotor and rotating around a horizontal axis And a plurality of openings that are arranged along the lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor and selectively pass the material to be crushed by the crushing processing unit. In the crushing apparatus provided with the screen mechanism, a device in which a large number of round holes or square hole-shaped openings are formed on the screen with a diameter of several tens of millimeters is used for ease of processing. Furthermore, a thing in which a slit-like opening is formed in a direction along the rotation trajectory of the rotary blade is also used as a material to be crushed which is easily clogged with garbage.
JP 2002-126549 A

上述の破砕装置は、電化製品、建築廃材、プラスチック等の廃棄物を小サイズに破砕するもので、例えば回収されたＰＥＴボトルなどの廃プラスチック製品が１ｍ前後の略立方体に圧縮梱包されたベール品などの塊状物を数十ミリの破片に破砕して再利用を図る等の目的で使用されている。   The crushing device mentioned above crushes wastes such as electrical appliances, building waste, plastics, etc. to a small size. For example, bale products in which waste plastic products such as collected PET bottles are compressed and packed into approximately 1 m cubes. It is used for the purpose of crushing a lump such as a piece of tens of millimeters for reuse.

しかし、被破砕物として農業用ビニルシート等、長尺の樹脂シートをそのまま巻取り回収して塊状に圧縮されたベール品を破砕処理する場合には、回収の際に付着した土砂や水により嵩比重が増していることもあり、上述した多数の丸孔形状の開口部を備えたスクリーン機構を用いると、破砕処理部とスクリーン機構の間に被破砕物が蓄積して目詰まりを起こし、破砕効率が大きく低下するという不都合があるばかりか、回転刃の刃先に破砕されたビニル片が厚く付着して固定刃との間での破砕処理が滞るという問題があった。   However, when crushing bale products that have been rolled up and collected as a material to be crushed, such as agricultural vinyl sheets, and then compressed into a lump, they are bulked by earth and sand or water adhering to the collection. Since the specific gravity may increase, if the screen mechanism with many round hole-shaped openings described above is used, the material to be crushed accumulates between the crushing processing section and the screen mechanism, causing clogging and crushing. In addition to the inconvenience that the efficiency is greatly reduced, there is a problem in that the crushed vinyl pieces are thickly attached to the cutting edge of the rotary blade and the crushing treatment with the fixed blade is delayed.

一方、回転刃の回転軌跡に沿った方向にスリット状の開口部が形成されたスクリーン機構を用いると、目詰まりの発生は回避されるものの回収された被破砕物が長尺状になり、結果として破砕不十分で被破砕物の再利用が困難となるという問題があった。例えば、被破砕物をキルン炉の燃料として再利用する場合には、破砕された小径の樹脂片が炉内に吹き込まれるのであるが、不十分な破砕による長尺の樹脂片では、燃料として炉内に吹き込むことができず、また、樹脂片に大量の土砂や水が混入する場合にも発熱量が下がるという問題等もあった。   On the other hand, when using a screen mechanism in which slit-like openings are formed in the direction along the rotation trajectory of the rotary blade, clogging is avoided, but the collected object to be crushed becomes long. As a result, there is a problem that crushing is insufficient and it is difficult to reuse the material to be crushed. For example, when the object to be crushed is reused as fuel for a kiln furnace, a small piece of resin that has been crushed is blown into the furnace. In addition, there is a problem that the amount of generated heat is reduced when a large amount of earth and sand or water is mixed into the resin piece.

本発明の目的は、上述の問題点に鑑み、土砂や水分が付着した長尺樹脂のベール品であっても、処理効率を低下させることなく、一定の大きさの樹脂片に破砕できるスクリーン機構を備えた破砕装置を提供する点にある。   In view of the above-described problems, the object of the present invention is a screen mechanism capable of crushing a resin piece of a certain size without deteriorating the processing efficiency, even if it is a long resin bale product to which earth and sand or moisture adheres. It is in the point which provides the crushing apparatus provided with.

上述の目的を達成するため、本発明による破砕装置の第一の特徴構成は、特許請求の範囲の書類の請求項１に記載した通り、被破砕物を投入する受入ホッパと、前記受入ホッパの下方に配置され、周面に複数個の回転刃が取付けられ、水平軸心周りに回転する破砕ロータと前記破砕ロータに対向配置された固定刃とからなる破砕処理部と、前記破砕ロータの下部周面に沿って配置され、前記破砕処理部で破砕処理された被破砕物を選択的に通過させる複数の開口部が形成されたスクリーン機構とを備えてなる破砕装置であって、前記開口部がスリット状に形成され、その長手方向エッジのうち前記破砕ロータの回転方向側のエッジが水平方向に対して傾斜し、前記回転刃の軌跡に沿って前記エッジの傾斜方向が交互に切替わるように形成され、前記被破砕物を、前記回転刃と前記エッジとの間で裁断することを特徴とする点にある。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first characteristic configuration of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention is as described in claim 1 of the claims, and includes a receiving hopper for feeding an object to be crushed, and the receiving hopper. A crushing processing unit comprising a crushing rotor disposed below and having a plurality of rotary blades attached to a peripheral surface thereof and rotating around a horizontal axis; and a fixed blade disposed opposite to the crushing rotor; and a lower portion of the crushing rotor A crushing apparatus comprising a screen mechanism formed with a plurality of openings that are arranged along a peripheral surface and selectively pass a material to be crushed by the crushing unit. Is formed in a slit shape, and among the longitudinal edges thereof, the edge on the rotation direction side of the crushing rotor is inclined with respect to the horizontal direction, and the inclination direction of the edge is alternately switched along the locus of the rotary blade. It is formed in The objects to be crushed, in that wherein the cutting between the rotary blade and the edge.

上述の構成によれば、土砂や水分が付着した長尺樹脂のベール品がホッパに投入され、破砕処理部で回転刃により引き千切られるものの、十分に破砕されずにある程度の長尺状のままで破砕処理部とスクリーン機構の間に送られた被破砕物は、その一部がスリットから突出してエッジにより切断されるので、ある程度細かく破砕されるようになるのである。つまり、スクリーン機構と破砕処理部の間で回転刃に引き摺られる被破砕物の一部がスリットから突出すると、傾斜姿勢のエッジと接当して傾斜方向に引き摺られ、このときに作用する摩擦力により長尺の被破砕物が細かく裁断されるようになるのであり、裁断された被破砕物は下方に落下するので、スリットが目詰まりを起こす虞が大きく軽減されるのである。しかも、被破砕物がスリットのエッジにぶつけられた衝撃により強固に付着していた土砂であっても離れ易くなり、また水分を除去する作用も生じるのである。   According to the above configuration, a bale product of long resin to which earth and sand or moisture adheres is put into the hopper, and is shredded by a rotary blade in the crushing processing unit, but remains in a certain long shape without being sufficiently crushed. Since the part to be crushed sent between the crushing processing unit and the screen mechanism protrudes from the slit and is cut by the edge, it is crushed finely to some extent. That is, when a part of the object to be crushed that is dragged by the rotary blade between the screen mechanism and the crushing processing unit protrudes from the slit, the frictional force acting at this time is brought into contact with the edge of the inclined posture and dragged in the inclined direction. Thus, a long object to be crushed is finely cut, and the cut object to be crushed falls downward, so that the possibility of clogging of the slit is greatly reduced. Moreover, even if the object to be crushed is earth and sand firmly adhered by the impact hitting the edge of the slit, it becomes easy to leave, and the action of removing moisture also occurs.

このとき、エッジの傾斜方向が一方向にのみ傾斜していると、回転刃の軌跡がスリットの長手方向エッジの左右方向の何れかに偏っている場合に十分な摺動距離を稼ぐことができない場合がある。上述の構成によれば、図７（ａ）に示すように、前記回転刃の軌跡に沿って前記長手方向エッジ８ｅの傾斜方向が交互に切り替わるように構成されるので、回転刃５ａの軌跡がスリット８ｃの長手方向エッジの左右方向の何れかに偏っている場合であっても、何れかのエッジにより十分な摺動距離を確保できるので、回転刃とスリットの左右の相対位置にかかわらず均等に破砕処理が実行されるようになるのである。   At this time, if the inclination direction of the edge is inclined only in one direction, it is not possible to earn a sufficient sliding distance when the locus of the rotary blade is biased to either the left or right direction of the longitudinal edge of the slit. There is a case. According to the above-described configuration, as shown in FIG. 7A, the inclination direction of the longitudinal edge 8e is alternately switched along the trajectory of the rotary blade. Therefore, the trajectory of the rotary blade 5a is Even if the longitudinal edge of the slit 8c is biased to either the left or right direction, a sufficient sliding distance can be ensured by any edge, so it is equal regardless of the relative position of the left and right of the rotary blade and the slit. Thus, the crushing process is executed.

同第二の特徴構成は、同請求項２に記載した通り、上述の第一特徴構成に加えて、前記長手方向エッジの水平方向に対する傾斜角が３０度以下に設定されている点にあり、このような角度を採用することにより高い裁断効果を確保することができるのである。前記傾斜角が３０度より大きく設定される場合には、スリットのエッジによる裁断効果が大きく低下するので好ましくない。   As described in claim 2, the second feature configuration is that, in addition to the first feature configuration described above, an inclination angle of the longitudinal edge with respect to the horizontal direction is set to 30 degrees or less, By adopting such an angle, a high cutting effect can be ensured. When the inclination angle is set to be larger than 30 degrees, the cutting effect by the edge of the slit is greatly reduced, which is not preferable.

同第三の特徴構成は、同請求項３に記載した通り、上述の第一または第二特徴構成に加えて、前記開口部は、前記エッジの傾斜方向が前記回転刃の軌跡に沿って交互に切替わるように形成され、且つ、傾斜方向の切替わり位置で前記スリットが連通している点にある。   In the third feature configuration, as described in the third aspect, in addition to the first or second feature configuration described above, the opening portion has an inclination direction of the edge alternately along a locus of the rotary blade. And the slits communicate with each other at the switching position in the tilt direction.

上述の構成によれば、図７（ｂ）に示すように、スクリーン機構と破砕処理部の間で回転刃に引き摺られ、スリット８ｃから一部が突出した被破砕物が傾斜方向に沿って引き摺られても裁断されないような場合に、被破砕物の一部が突出した状態のまま傾斜方向の異なるスリット８ｃのエッジ８ｅに引き続き摺動されるので、裁断効率が向上するようになるのである。   According to the above-described configuration, as shown in FIG. 7B, the object to be crushed that is dragged by the rotary blade between the screen mechanism and the crushing processing unit and partially protrudes from the slit 8c is dragged along the tilt direction. Even if it is not cut, it is slid to the edge 8e of the slit 8c having a different inclination direction while a part of the object to be crushed is projected, so that the cutting efficiency is improved.

同第四の特徴構成は、同請求項４に記載した通り、上述の第一から第三の何れかの特徴構成に加えて、前記回転刃は、前記破砕ロータの軸心方向に沿って波型となるように取り付けられている点にある。   In the fourth feature configuration, in addition to any one of the first to third feature configurations described above, the rotary blade may have a wave along the axial direction of the crushing rotor. It is in the point attached so that it may become a model.

上述の構成によれば、破砕ロータの回転に伴って波型の山部から谷部に向けて被破砕物を引き裂くように複数の回転刃が作用するので、引き裂かれた被破砕物が破砕ロータの軸心に沿う水平方向に移動するように力が作用する。このとき、破砕処理部とスクリーン機構の間に送られた被破砕物同士が擦られて被破砕物に付着している土砂等の付着物や水分が効果的に分離除去されるようになるのであり、また、傾斜した長手方向エッジと効果的に擦られて裁断効率が高くなるのである。   According to the above-described configuration, the plurality of rotating blades act so as to tear the object to be crushed from the wave-shaped peak part to the valley part with the rotation of the crushing rotor. The force acts so as to move in the horizontal direction along the axis. At this time, the objects to be crushed sent between the crushing processing unit and the screen mechanism are rubbed together, so that deposits such as earth and sand and moisture adhering to the object to be crushed are effectively separated and removed. In addition, it is effectively rubbed with the inclined longitudinal edge to increase the cutting efficiency.

同第五の特徴構成は、同請求項５に記載した通り、上述の第一から第四の何れかの特徴構成に加えて、前記スクリーン機構の下部に、通過した被破砕物を風力により選別する風力選別装置が設けられている点にある。   In the fifth feature configuration, as described in claim 5, in addition to any of the first to fourth feature configurations described above, the object to be crushed is selected by wind power at the lower part of the screen mechanism. There is a wind sorting device to be installed.

上述したスクリーン機構を通過した被破砕物は水分や土砂等の付着物が分離され、それぞれがスクリーン機構から落下することになる。そこで、スクリーン機構の下部に風力選別機構を設けて、落下物に風を当てることにより、落下する土砂等の密度の大きいものと樹脂等の密度が小さいものとを容易に選別することができるようになるのである。   Deposits such as moisture and earth and sand are separated from the object to be crushed that has passed through the screen mechanism described above, and each of them falls from the screen mechanism. Therefore, a wind power sorting mechanism is provided at the lower part of the screen mechanism, and by applying wind to the fallen object, it is possible to easily sort the falling sand and the like having a high density and the resin having a low density and the like. It becomes.

同第六の特徴構成は、同請求項６に記載した通り、上述の第一から第六の何れかの特徴構成に加えて、前記スクリーン機構の下部に、通過した被破砕物から水分を除去する水抜き機構が設けられているある点にある。   In the sixth feature configuration, in addition to any one of the first to sixth feature configurations described above, in addition to any one of the first to sixth feature configurations described above, moisture is removed from the object to be crushed at the lower portion of the screen mechanism. There is a point in which a water draining mechanism is provided.

回転刃で破砕され、或いは、スリットの長手方向エッジで裁断される際に、水分が除去されるようになるが、前記スクリーン機構の下部に水抜き機構を設けることにより、落下した被破砕物の含水率を低下させて、良好な燃料として再利用することができるようになるのである。   When it is crushed by a rotary blade or cut at the longitudinal edge of the slit, moisture will be removed. By providing a drainage mechanism at the bottom of the screen mechanism, The moisture content can be reduced and reused as a good fuel.

以上説明した通り、本発明によれば、土砂や水分が付着した長尺樹脂のベール品であっても、処理効率を低下させることなく、一定の大きさの樹脂片に破砕できるスクリーン機構を備えた破砕装置を提供することができるようになった。   As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a screen mechanism capable of crushing a resin piece of a certain size without deteriorating the processing efficiency, even if it is a long resin bale product to which earth and sand or moisture adheres. A crushing device can be provided.

以下に本発明による破砕装置の実施の形態を説明する。図１及び図２に示すように、一軸剪断破砕機は、被破砕物を投入する受入ホッパ１と、前記受入ホッパ１の下方に配置され、複数個の回転刃５ａが取付けられた破砕ロータ５と前記破砕ロータ５に対向配置された固定刃６とからなる破砕処理部Ａと、前記破砕処理部Ａに向けて水平方向から被破砕物を押圧する押圧機構としての押込プッシャ３と、前記破砕処理部Ａで破砕処理された被破砕物を選択的に通過させる複数の開口部が形成されたスクリーン機構８と、前記スクリーン機構８を通過した被破砕物を受け止める排出ホッパ９を備えて構成してある。   Embodiments of the crushing device according to the present invention will be described below. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the uniaxial shear crusher includes a receiving hopper 1 for feeding a material to be crushed, and a crushing rotor 5 disposed below the receiving hopper 1 and having a plurality of rotary blades 5 a attached thereto. And a fixed blade 6 disposed opposite to the crushing rotor 5, a crushing pusher 3 as a pressing mechanism for pressing a material to be crushed from the horizontal direction toward the crushing processing unit A, and the crushing A screen mechanism 8 having a plurality of openings for selectively passing the object to be crushed by the processing unit A, and a discharge hopper 9 for receiving the object to be crushed through the screen mechanism 8 are provided. It is.

前記押圧機構３は、油圧ポンプ（図示せず）からの圧油が油圧シリンダ１３へ送られ、油圧シリンダ１３のピストン１３ａが連結アーム１３ｂを介して押込プッシャ３の後端に連結され、以って、台板４上を摺動自在かつ進退移動自在に設けられ、本体フレーム２の側壁に設けた案内部材３ａにより押込の際に被破砕物からの反力で浮き上がらないように案内される。   In the pressing mechanism 3, pressure oil from a hydraulic pump (not shown) is sent to the hydraulic cylinder 13, and the piston 13a of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is connected to the rear end of the pusher pusher 3 via the connecting arm 13b. Thus, it is provided on the base plate 4 so as to be slidable and movable back and forth, and is guided by the guide member 3a provided on the side wall of the main body frame 2 so as not to be lifted by the reaction force from the object to be crushed when pushed.

図１から図３に示すように、前記破砕処理部Ａは、台板４の一端と本体フレーム２の側壁との間に設置され、複数個の回転刃５ａを取付けた破砕ロータ５と、破砕ロータ５を中心とする対称位置にこれを挾んで台板４の端に設けられた第１破砕用固定刃６と、反対側に設けられた第２破砕用固定刃７とで構成される。破砕ロータ５は、インダクションモータ１１からの出力軸に取り付けられたプーリ１１ａとベルト１２ａで連結された減速機１２の出力軸と連結されている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the crushing processing unit A is installed between one end of the base plate 4 and the side wall of the main body frame 2, and a crushing rotor 5 having a plurality of rotary blades 5 a attached thereto, It is composed of a first crushing fixed blade 6 provided at the end of the base plate 4 with a symmetric position around the rotor 5 and a second crushing fixed blade 7 provided on the opposite side. The crushing rotor 5 is connected to an output shaft of a speed reducer 12 connected to a pulley 11a attached to an output shaft from the induction motor 11 and a belt 12a.

図３に示すように、前記破砕ロータ５の表面には周方向に複数のＶ字状の溝５ｖが所定のピッチで互いに平行に設けられ、このＶ字溝５ｖ内に複数個の回転刃５ａが取付座５ｃを介して螺着され、各回転刃５ａは、隣り合うＶ字溝５ｖに設けられているもの同士がその頂点を連ねると波型（ジグザグ状）になるように配置されている。   As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of V-shaped grooves 5v are provided in the circumferential direction on the surface of the crushing rotor 5 in parallel with each other at a predetermined pitch, and a plurality of rotary blades 5a are provided in the V-shaped grooves 5v. Are screwed through the mounting seat 5c, and the rotary blades 5a are arranged so as to be corrugated (zigzag) when the ones provided in the adjacent V-shaped grooves 5v are connected to each other. .

前記スクリーン機構８は、図４（ａ）に示す破砕ロータ５の下部周面に沿って配置され、図１及び図４（ｂ）に示すように、断面円弧状のフレーム８ａの内周に複数の開口部８ｃが形成されたスクリーン板８ｂをボルト固定して構成されている。前記スクリーン板８ｂは、図５に示すように、例えば厚さ十数ミリのステンレス製の板状体に、その縦方向に沿って連続する開口部８ｃを横方向に複数打抜形成したものを、図６に示すように、前記破砕ロータ５の下部周面に沿うように弧状に湾曲形成してある。   The screen mechanism 8 is disposed along the lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor 5 shown in FIG. 4A, and a plurality of screen mechanisms 8 are provided on the inner periphery of the frame 8a having an arcuate cross section as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4B. The screen plate 8b in which the opening 8c is formed is fixed with bolts. As shown in FIG. 5, the screen plate 8b is formed, for example, by punching and forming a plurality of openings 8c in the horizontal direction in a plate-like body made of stainless steel having a thickness of several tens of millimeters along the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 6, an arc shape is formed along the lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor 5.

各開口部８ｃは、その長手方向エッジ８ｅが水平方向に対して角度θで傾斜する複数のスリット８ｄで構成されるとともに、前記長手方向エッジ８ｅの傾斜方向が前記回転刃５ａの回転方向に沿って交互に切替わるように形成されており、傾斜の切替わり位置の連通部８ｆで前記スリット８ｄが連通形成されている。   Each opening 8c includes a plurality of slits 8d whose longitudinal edge 8e is inclined at an angle θ with respect to the horizontal direction, and the inclination direction of the longitudinal edge 8e is along the rotation direction of the rotary blade 5a. The slits 8d are formed to communicate with each other at the communication portion 8f at the position where the inclination is switched.

前記スリット８ｄの長手方向エッジ８ｅが水平方向に対してなす傾斜角θは、０＜θ≦３０度の範囲に設定されていれば所定の裁断効果が得られるが、略２０度に設定されることが好ましい。   If the inclination angle θ formed by the longitudinal edge 8e of the slit 8d with respect to the horizontal direction is set in a range of 0 <θ ≦ 30 degrees, a predetermined cutting effect can be obtained, but is set to approximately 20 degrees. It is preferable.

図１に示すように、排出ホッパ９の底部にはスクリューコンベア機構９ａが設けられ、前記スクリーン機構８を通過した被破砕物が排出ホッパ９に落下した後に前記スクリューコンベア機構９ａにより前記排出ホッパ９の側壁に設けた排出口９ｂから機外に搬出される。   As shown in FIG. 1, a screw conveyor mechanism 9a is provided at the bottom of the discharge hopper 9, and after the material to be crushed that has passed through the screen mechanism 8 falls on the discharge hopper 9, the screw conveyor mechanism 9a causes the discharge hopper 9 to move. It is carried out of the machine through a discharge port 9b provided on the side wall.

前記受入ホッパ１に投入された被破砕物は、押込プッシャ３により押圧されて前記破砕処理部Ａに移動し、前記回転ロータ５に設けられた回転刃５ａと第一破砕用固定刃６との間で剪断破砕され、前記スクリーン機構８と破砕処理部Ａとの間の空間に引き込まれた後に、さらに第二破砕用固定刃７との間で剪断破砕される。図３に示すように、前記破砕処理部Ａで被破砕物は、回転刃５ａが波型に配置された回転ロータ５の回転に伴って回転刃５ａの波の山部分Ｗ１から谷部分Ｗ２に向けて順次破砕され、引き裂かれた被破砕物には山部分Ｗ１から谷部分Ｗ２にかけて破砕ロータ５の軸心に沿う水平方向に移動するように力が作用する。   The object to be crushed put into the receiving hopper 1 is pressed by the push-in pusher 3 and moved to the crushing processing part A, and the rotary blade 5a provided on the rotary rotor 5 and the first crushing fixed blade 6 After being crushed and crushed and drawn into the space between the screen mechanism 8 and the crushed portion A, the crushed portion is further sheared and crushed with the second crushing fixed blade 7. As shown in FIG. 3, the object to be crushed in the crushing processing unit A is changed from the wave crest portion W1 of the rotary blade 5a to the valley portion W2 with the rotation of the rotary rotor 5 in which the rotary blade 5a is arranged in a wave shape. A force acts on the object to be crushed and torn to the horizontal direction along the axis of the crushing rotor 5 from the crest portion W1 to the trough portion W2.

このような破砕処理が繰り返されることにより、前記スクリーン機構８と破砕処理部Ａとの間の空間に引き込まれた小片の被破砕物が前記スクリーン機構８を介して排出ホッパ９に落下するのである。   By repeating such a crushing process, small pieces of objects to be crushed drawn into the space between the screen mechanism 8 and the crushing processing section A fall into the discharge hopper 9 via the screen mechanism 8. .

上述の破砕装置で、回収の際に付着した土砂や水により嵩比重が増している農業用ビニルシート等、長尺の樹脂シートをそのまま巻取り回収して塊状に圧縮されたベール品を破砕処理する場合には、前記破砕処理部Ａで回転刃５ａにより順次引き千切られるものの、十分に破砕されずにある程度の長尺状のままで前記破砕処理部Ａと前記スクリーン機構８の間に形成された空間に送られる。   The above crushing device crushes bale products that have been rolled up and collected as they are, such as agricultural vinyl sheets whose bulk specific gravity has increased due to earth and sand or water adhering to the collection, and then compressed into a lump. In this case, the crushing processing unit A is formed between the crushing processing unit A and the screen mechanism 8 while being shredded by the rotary blade 5a in order, but remains in a somewhat long shape without being sufficiently crushed. Sent to the space.

図６に示すように、矢印Ｒ１の方向に回転する前記回転刃５ａによって前記空間内で周方向に搬送される際に、前記スリット８ｄから突出した被破砕物Ｄは、前記スリット８ｄの長手方向エッジ８ｅとの間で矢印Ｒ２方向に擦られて切断されてある程度細かく破砕される。つまり、前記スクリーン機構８と前記破砕処理部Ａの間で前記回転刃５ａに引き摺られる被破砕物の一部が前記スリット８ｄから突出すると、傾斜姿勢のエッジ８ｅと接当して傾斜方向に引き摺られ、このときに作用する摩擦力により長尺の被破砕物が細かく裁断されるようになるのである。   As shown in FIG. 6, when the rotary blade 5a that rotates in the direction of the arrow R1 is conveyed in the circumferential direction in the space, the object D that protrudes from the slit 8d is in the longitudinal direction of the slit 8d. The edge 8e is rubbed and cut in the direction of the arrow R2, and is crushed to some extent. That is, when a part of the object to be crushed by the rotary blade 5a protrudes from the slit 8d between the screen mechanism 8 and the crushing processing part A, it comes into contact with the edge 8e in the inclined posture and is dragged in the inclined direction. Thus, a long object to be crushed becomes finely cut by the frictional force acting at this time.

しかも、破砕時の衝撃や被破砕物がスリット８ｄのエッジ８ｅにぶつけられた衝撃により強固に付着していた土砂であっても離れ易くなり、また水分を除去する作用も生じる。   Moreover, even if the earth and sand firmly adhered by the impact at the time of crushing or the impact of the object to be crushed against the edge 8e of the slit 8d are easily separated, there is also an effect of removing moisture.

前記開口部８ｃは、前記長手方向エッジ８ｅの傾斜方向が前記回転刃５ａの回転方向に沿って交互に切替わるように形成され、且つ、傾斜の切替わり位置で前記スリット８ｄが連通するように構成されているので、前記回転刃５ａの軌跡が前記スリット８ｄの長手方向エッジ８ｅに沿って左右方向の何れかに偏っている場合であっても、何れかのエッジにより十分な摺動距離を確保でき、前記回転刃５ａと前記スリット８ｄの左右の相対位置にかかわらず均等に破砕処理が実行されるようになり、しかも、前記スリット８ｄから一部が突出した被破砕物が傾斜方向に沿って引き摺られても裁断されないような場合に、被破砕物の一部が突出した状態のまま傾斜方向の異なるスリット８ｄのエッジに引き続き摺動されるので、裁断効率が向上するようになるのである。   The opening 8c is formed such that the inclination direction of the longitudinal edge 8e is alternately switched along the rotation direction of the rotary blade 5a, and the slit 8d is communicated at a position where the inclination is changed. Therefore, even if the locus of the rotary blade 5a is biased in any of the left and right directions along the longitudinal edge 8e of the slit 8d, a sufficient sliding distance can be achieved by any edge. The crushing process can be performed evenly regardless of the left and right relative positions of the rotary blade 5a and the slit 8d, and the object to be crushed partially protruding from the slit 8d is along the inclination direction. In the case where cutting is not performed even when dragged, the cutting object is continuously slid to the edge of the slit 8d having a different inclination direction while a part of the object to be crushed is projected, so that the cutting efficiency is improved. It seems to be become.

破砕ロータとして外周面にＶ溝が無く平坦な破砕ロータに５５ｍｍ角のサイズの回転刃を１０８個取り付け、第二破砕用固定刃７を除去した破砕装置で、図５に示すように、スリット８ｄの幅Ｗを５４ｍｍ、長手方向エッジ８ｅの正射影距離Ｌ１を１００ｍｍ、水平方向となす傾斜角θを２０度、連通部８ｆの幅Ｌ２を２１ｍｍに夫々設定された前記スクリーン板８ｂを用いて、ロータ回転数７０ｒｐｍに設定して、農業用ビニルシートをそのまま巻取り回収して塊状に圧縮された嵩比重約５３０ｋｇ／ｍ３のベール品に対する破砕処理実験を行なった。その結果、被破砕物の約９０％が５０ｍｍ角以下の粒度に破砕されることが判明した。 As a crushing rotor, 108 crushers with a 55 mm square size are attached to a flat crushing rotor having no V-groove on the outer peripheral surface and the second crushing fixed blade 7 is removed. As shown in FIG. Using the screen plate 8b, the width W of which is set to 54 mm, the orthogonal projection distance L1 of the longitudinal edge 8e is set to 100 mm, the inclination angle θ with respect to the horizontal direction is set to 20 degrees, and the width L2 of the communicating portion 8f is set to 21 mm, A crushing experiment was conducted on a bale product having a bulk specific gravity of about 530 kg / m 3 , which was set at a rotor rotation speed of 70 rpm and was wound up and collected as it was, and compressed into a lump. As a result, it was found that about 90% of the material to be crushed was crushed to a particle size of 50 mm square or less.

上述の実験において、スリット８ｄの長手方向エッジ８ｅの水平方向に対する傾斜角θが３０度以下に設定されていると、目詰まりの無い状態で破砕処理可能で、特に傾斜角θが約２０度に設定されているときに高い破砕効率が得られることが判明した。   In the above-described experiment, when the inclination angle θ with respect to the horizontal direction of the longitudinal edge 8e of the slit 8d is set to 30 degrees or less, the crushing process can be performed without clogging, and the inclination angle θ is particularly about 20 degrees. It was found that high crushing efficiency was obtained when set.

以下に本発明による別実施形態を説明する。上述の実施形態では、スクリーン板８ｂに形成された開口部８ｃが、長手方向エッジ８ｅの傾斜方向が前記回転刃５ａの回転方向に沿って交互に切替わるようにスリット８ｄが形成され、且つ、傾斜の切替わり位置でスリット８ｄが連通するように構成されたものを説明したが、少なくとも、開口部８ｃがスリット状に形成され、その長手方向エッジ８ｅが水平方向に対して傾斜角θで傾斜するように配置されているものであればよく、傾斜角θは、０＜θ≦３０度の範囲に設定されていればよい。   Another embodiment according to the present invention will be described below. In the above-described embodiment, the opening 8c formed in the screen plate 8b is formed with the slit 8d so that the inclination direction of the longitudinal edge 8e is alternately switched along the rotation direction of the rotary blade 5a, and Although the slit 8d is configured to communicate with each other at the position where the inclination is switched, at least the opening 8c is formed in a slit shape, and the longitudinal edge 8e thereof is inclined at an inclination angle θ with respect to the horizontal direction. The inclination angle θ only needs to be set in a range of 0 <θ ≦ 30 degrees.

例えば、図８（ａ）に示すように、スクリーン板８ｂに個別のスリット８ｄが回転刃の回転方向Ｒ１に沿ってその長手方向エッジ８ｅの傾斜方向が互いに異なるように分散して形成されるものであってもよく、同図（ｂ）に示すように、一方の傾斜方向に沿って傾斜エッジ８ｅが長く延びたスリット８０ｄの間に、傾斜方向が異なり、傾斜エッジ８ｅの短い複数のスリット８１ｄが複数形成されるものであってもよい。この場合にも、傾斜角θが、０＜θ≦３０度の範囲に設定されていることが必要である。   For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, individual slits 8d are formed on the screen plate 8b so as to be distributed along the rotation direction R1 of the rotary blade so that the inclination directions of the longitudinal edges 8e thereof are different from each other. As shown in FIG. 5B, a plurality of slits 81d having a short inclination edge 8e and a different inclination direction between slits 80d in which the inclination edge 8e extends long along one inclination direction. A plurality of may be formed. Also in this case, it is necessary that the inclination angle θ is set in a range of 0 <θ ≦ 30 degrees.

また、図９（ａ）に示すように、スクリーン板８ｂに個別のスリット８ｄが回転刃の回転方向Ｒ１に沿ってその長手方向エッジ８ｅの傾斜方向が互いに異なるように波型に形成されるものであってもよく、同図（ｂ）に示すように、一方の傾斜方向にのみ傾斜した複数の長尺のスリット８ｄが互いに平行に形成されるものであってもよい。この場合にも、傾斜角θが、０＜θ≦３０度の範囲に設定されていることが必要である。   Further, as shown in FIG. 9A, individual slits 8d are formed in the screen plate 8b in a corrugated shape so that the inclination directions of the longitudinal edges 8e thereof are different from each other along the rotation direction R1 of the rotary blade. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5B, a plurality of long slits 8d inclined only in one inclination direction may be formed in parallel to each other. Also in this case, it is necessary that the inclination angle θ is set in a range of 0 <θ ≦ 30 degrees.

さらに、上述した何れのスクリーン板８ｂであっても、破砕機の規模や破砕対象物に応じてその板厚を適宜設定することが可能であり、形成されたスリットの近傍に必要に応じてリブ等の補強材を設けることも可能である。   Furthermore, any of the screen plates 8b described above can be appropriately set according to the size of the crusher and the object to be crushed, and ribs can be provided near the formed slits as necessary. It is also possible to provide a reinforcing material such as.

上述の実施形態では、排出ホッパ９の底部にスクリューコンベア機構９ａが設けられ、前記スクリーン機構８を通過した被破砕物が排出ホッパ９に落下した後に前記スクリューコンベア機構９ａにより前記排出ホッパ９の側壁に設けた排出口９ｂから機外に搬出されるものを説明したが、被破砕物が土砂や水分の混ざった農業用ビニルシートをそのまま巻取り回収して塊状に圧縮されたベール品等である場合には、前記スクリーン機構８の下部に風力選別機構を設けて落下した被破砕物を風力により土砂と分離して回収するように構成してもよい。   In the above-described embodiment, the screw conveyor mechanism 9a is provided at the bottom of the discharge hopper 9, and the object to be crushed after passing through the screen mechanism 8 falls on the discharge hopper 9, and then the side wall of the discharge hopper 9 by the screw conveyor mechanism 9a. Although the thing carried out to the exterior from the discharge port 9b provided in was described, the to-be-crushed object is the bale goods etc. which rolled up and collect | recovered the agricultural vinyl sheet mixed with earth and sand as it was, and was compressed into the lump In such a case, a wind sorting mechanism may be provided at the lower part of the screen mechanism 8 so that the fallen object to be crushed is separated from the earth and sand by wind force and collected.

詳述すると、図１０に示すように、前記スクリーン機構８の下部に設けた排出ホッパ９の基端側９０から他端側９１に向けて送風する送風ダクト９２を取り付け、送風機９３から前記送風ダクト９２に向けて送風するとともに、前記排出ホッパ９を送風方向に沿って二領域に分割し、他端側の領域９４に被破砕物が選別回収され、基端側の領域９５に土砂や水滴が落下するように構成するのである。   More specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, a blower duct 92 that blows air from the base end side 90 to the other end side 91 of the discharge hopper 9 provided at the lower portion of the screen mechanism 8 is attached. While blowing toward 92, the discharge hopper 9 is divided into two regions along the blowing direction, and the material to be crushed is sorted and collected in the region 94 on the other end side, and earth and sand and water droplets are in the region 95 on the proximal end side. It is configured to fall.

このとき、他端側の領域９４に回収ダクト９６を設け、回収ダクト９６の先端側に配置された誘引送風機により、回収された被破砕物がそのまま回収ダクト９６を介して吸引搬送されるように構成することが可能である。   At this time, a recovery duct 96 is provided in the region 94 on the other end side, and the recovered object to be recovered is sucked and conveyed through the recovery duct 96 as it is by an induction blower arranged on the front end side of the recovery duct 96. It is possible to configure.

さらに、基端側の領域９５の底部に落下した水分を除去する水抜き機構としての排水路９７を設け、被破砕物に含まれていた水分を破砕済みの被破砕物から除去するように構成されている。このような構成により小粒径に破砕され回収されたビニルを効率的に再利用することができるようになる。   Further, a drainage channel 97 is provided as a drainage mechanism for removing water that has fallen at the bottom of the base end region 95, and the water contained in the object to be crushed is removed from the object to be crushed. Has been. With such a configuration, vinyl that has been crushed and recovered to have a small particle size can be efficiently reused.

尚、上述の風力選別機構や水抜き機構は一例に過ぎず、具体的構造を限定するものではない。   The above-described wind sorting mechanism and draining mechanism are merely examples, and the specific structure is not limited.

本発明による一軸剪断破砕機の断面図Sectional view of a uniaxial shear crusher according to the present invention 本発明による一軸剪断破砕機の一部切欠斜視図Partial cutaway perspective view of a uniaxial shear crusher according to the present invention （ａ）は破砕処理部の要部斜視図、（ｂ）は要部の説明図(A) is a principal part perspective view of a crushing process part, (b) is explanatory drawing of a principal part. 別実施形態を示す排出ホッパの説明図Explanatory drawing of the discharge hopper showing another embodiment 本発明による破砕機の処理能力を示す実験結果の説明図Explanatory drawing of the experimental result which shows the processing capacity of the crusher by this invention 従来の破砕機の処理能力の説明図Explanatory drawing of processing capacity of conventional crusher スクリーン機構の要部の説明図Illustration of the main part of the screen mechanism 別実施形態を示すスクリーン板の説明図Explanatory drawing of the screen board which shows another embodiment 別実施形態を示すスクリーン板の説明図Explanatory drawing of the screen board which shows another embodiment 風力選別機構や水抜き機構の説明図Illustration of wind power sorting mechanism and drainage mechanism

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：受入ホッパ
３：押圧機構
５：破砕ロータ
５ａ：回転刃
６：第一破砕用固定刃
７：第二破砕用固定刃
８：スクリーン機構
８ａ：フレーム
８ｂ：スクリーン板
８ｃ：開口部
８ｄ：スリット
８ｅ：長手方向エッジ
８ｆ：連通部
９：排出ホッパ
Ａ：破砕処理部 1: receiving hopper 3: pressing mechanism 5: crushing rotor 5a: rotating blade 6: first crushing fixed blade 7: second crushing fixed blade 8: screen mechanism 8a: frame 8b: screen plate 8c: opening 8d: slit 8e: Longitudinal edge 8f: Communication part 9: Discharge hopper A: Crushing part

Claims (6)

被破砕物を投入する受入ホッパと、前記受入ホッパの下方に配置され、周面に複数個の回転刃が取付けられ、水平軸心周りに回転する破砕ロータと前記破砕ロータに対向配置された固定刃とからなる破砕処理部と、前記破砕ロータの下部周面に沿って配置され、前記破砕処理部で破砕処理された被破砕物を選択的に通過させる複数の開口部が形成されたスクリーン機構とを備えてなる破砕装置であって、
前記開口部がスリット状に形成され、その長手方向エッジのうち前記破砕ロータの回転方向側のエッジが水平方向に対して傾斜し、前記回転刃の軌跡に沿って前記エッジの傾斜方向が交互に切替わるように形成され、
前記被破砕物を、前記回転刃と前記エッジとの間で裁断することを特徴とする破砕装置。 A receiving hopper for feeding an object to be crushed, a crushing rotor disposed below the receiving hopper, having a plurality of rotary blades attached to the peripheral surface thereof, and rotating around a horizontal axis, and a fixed disposed opposite to the crushing rotor A crushing processing unit including a blade, and a screen mechanism formed with a plurality of openings that are arranged along a lower peripheral surface of the crushing rotor and selectively pass the material to be crushed by the crushing processing unit. A crushing device comprising:
The opening is formed in a slit shape, the edge on the rotation direction side of the crushing rotor among the longitudinal edges thereof is inclined with respect to the horizontal direction, and the inclination direction of the edges alternately along the locus of the rotary blade Formed to switch ,
The crushing apparatus characterized in that the object to be crushed is cut between the rotary blade and the edge . 前記長手方向エッジの水平方向に対する傾斜角が３０度以下に設定されている請求項１記載の破砕装置。   The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle of the longitudinal edge with respect to a horizontal direction is set to 30 degrees or less. 前記開口部は、前記エッジの傾斜方向が前記回転刃の軌跡に沿って交互に切替わるように形成され、且つ、傾斜方向の切替わり位置で前記スリットが連通している請求項１または２記載の破砕装置。   The opening is formed so that the inclination direction of the edge is alternately switched along the trajectory of the rotary blade, and the slit is communicated at a switching position of the inclination direction. Crushing equipment. 前記回転刃は、前記破砕ロータの軸心方向に沿って波型となるように取り付けられている請求項１から３の何れかに記載の破砕装置。   The crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotary blade is attached so as to be corrugated along an axial direction of the crushing rotor. 前記スクリーン機構の下部に、通過した被破砕物を風力により選別する風力選別装置が設けられている請求項１から４の何れかに記載の破砕装置   The crushing apparatus in any one of Claim 1 to 4 with which the wind power sorter which sorts the to-be-crushed material with a wind force is provided in the lower part of the said screen mechanism. 前記スクリーン機構の下部に、通過した被破砕物から水分を除去する水抜き機構が設けられている請求項１から５の何れかに記載の破砕装置。
The crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a drainage mechanism for removing moisture from the crushed material that has passed is provided at a lower portion of the screen mechanism.
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