JP4254225B2 - One-way clutch device for starter - Google Patents

One-way clutch device for starter Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4254225B2
JP4254225B2 JP2002365348A JP2002365348A JP4254225B2 JP 4254225 B2 JP4254225 B2 JP 4254225B2 JP 2002365348 A JP2002365348 A JP 2002365348A JP 2002365348 A JP2002365348 A JP 2002365348A JP 4254225 B2 JP4254225 B2 JP 4254225B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
diameter side
side member
way clutch
grease
inner diameter
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JP2004197802A (en
Inventor
雅彦 山崎
功哲 傳寶
裕俊 宮島
雄次郎 戸田
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NSK Ltd
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NSK Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6603Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F16C33/6633Grease properties or compositions, e.g. rheological properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/064Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls
    • F16D41/066Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls all members having the same size and only one of the two surfaces being cylindrical
    • F16D41/067Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls all members having the same size and only one of the two surfaces being cylindrical and the members being distributed by a separate cage encircling the axis of rotation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/06Lubrication details not provided for in group F16D13/74
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば自動車用のスタータのオーバーランニングクラッチに用いられるスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置に関し、具体的にはアイドリングストッパ機能付きの自動車において、エンジンの停止時にカーエアコン等の補機を、駆動し、かつスタータの役割を有する補機用モータに使用されるスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車には、エンジンを駆動源とする、カーエアコン等の各種補機が装備されている。これら補機は、一方向クラッチを介してエンジンに接続しており、その稼動/停止が制御される。この一方向クラッチは、駆動クラッチ部と軸受部とを具備しており、それぞれグリースで潤滑されるのが一般的である。
【0003】
一方向クラッチ用グリースとして種々のものが知られており、例えばエーテル油を基油としたグリース(例えば、特許文献1参照)、圧力粘度係数が12GPa-1以上(25℃時)のエステル系あるいは合成油系の基油にウレア系の増ちょう剤を配合したグリース(例えば、特許文献2参照)、ウレア化合物製の増ちょう剤と、40℃における動粘度が60cst以下の基油とからなるグリース(例えば、特許文献3参照)、シリコーン油を基油とするグリース(例えば、特許文献4参照)等が知られている。また、軸受部にエーテル油を基油とした混和ちょう度280〜300のグリースを封入し、クラッチ部にエステル系油を基油とした混和ちょう度250〜280のグリースを封入した一方向クラッチも知られている(例えば、特許文献5参照)。
【特許文献1】
特開平11−82688号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2000−234638号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2000−253620号公報
【特許文献4】
特許第3033306号公報
【特許文献5】
特開2002−130433号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記に挙げた各グリースは、オルタネータ用一方向クラッチには良好な特性を示すものの、スタータ用一方向クラッチに使用されるグリースとしては十分とは言えない。スタータ用一方向クラッチは滑り特性が重視され、かつ摩耗を防止し、更にスタート時の係合性等が要求される。そのため、スタータ用一方向クラッチに使用されるグリースには一般にオーバーラン状態での性能として滑り時に低摩擦磨耗性が要求されるが、このような要求を十分に満たすグリースは未だ無く、上記に挙げるようなオルタネータ用一方向クラッチにおいて実績のあるグリースを使用しているのが実情である。
【0005】
そのため、上記特許文献1に記載のエーテル油を基油としたグリースでは、滑り潤滑には適さず、スタータ用クラッチが早期のうちに機能を無くす危険性がある。また、上記特許文献2に記載の圧力粘度係数を高めたグリースでは、クラッチロック時の性能には有効であるものの、オーダーラン状態での性能は十分ではない。また、上記特許文献3に記載の低粘度の基油を用いたグリースでは、耐フレッチング性及び耐熱性の向上は見られるものの、滑り時の潤滑性能に願がある。また、上記特許文献4に記載のシリコーン油を基油とするグリースでは、シリコーン油は他の潤滑油に比べて一般に油膜強度が低く、寿命の点で問題がある。また、上記特許文献5に記載の一方向クラッチのように、クラッチ部と軸受部とに異なるグリースを封入する場合、両グリースが混合するとグリースの軟化もしくは硬化が起こり、別々のグリースを用いた所期の目的が達せられなくなることに加え、中央にクラッチ部を配し、その両端を軸受部で支持する装置構成ではクラッチ部に封入された硬いグリースが押し出されると、軸受部のグリースまで押し出され、結果として漏出量が多くなる。
【0006】
上記したように、スタータ用一方向クラッチに求められる滑り時の低摩擦特性、−40℃の低温から160℃の高温にわたる潤滑性能の維持、クラッチ部及びサポート軸受の両方に対する良好な潤滑性等を十分に満足するグリースが得られていない状況にある。そこで、本発明は、これらの要求に十分に応え得るグリースを封入したスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明は、回転軸の端部に固定する内径側部材と、この内径側部材の周囲にこの内径側部材と同心に配置された筒状の外径側部材と、これら内径側部材の外周面と外径側部材の内周面との間に設けられ、この外径側部材が上記内径側部材に対し所定方向に相対回転する傾向となる場合にのみ、これら外径側部材と内径側部材との間での回転力の伝達を自在とする一方向クラッチと、この一方向クラッチに隣接する位置で上記内径側部材の外周面と上記外径側部材の内周面との間等に設けられ、この外径側部材に加わるラジアル荷重を支承しつつこれら内径側部材と外径側部材との相対回転を自在とする、転がり軸受であるサポート軸受とを備え、かつ、前記一方向クラッチ及びサポート軸受が、40℃における動粘度が20〜60mm2/sで流動点が−45℃以下のエステル油を基油とし、増ちょう剤として下記一般式(1)で表されるジウレア化合物をグリース全量の10〜20重量%、添加剤としてジフェニルアミン誘導体、フェノチアジン誘導体及びナフチルアミンから選ばれるアミン系酸化防止剤をグリース全量の1〜10重量%、モリブデンジチオフォスフェート、モリブデンジチオカルバメート及びモリブデンのアミン錯体から選ばれる極圧剤をグリース全量の1〜10重量%、バリウムスルホネート、亜鉛スルホネート、カルシウムスルホネート及びナフテン酸亜鉛から選ばれる防錆剤をグリース全量の1〜10重量%含有し、かつ混和ちょう度が250〜340であるグリースにより潤滑されていることを特徴とするスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置を提供する。
1 −NHCO−R 3 −NHCO−R 2 ・・・(1)
(式中、R 1 、R 2 は炭素数6〜18の炭化水素基であり、同一でも異なっていてもよく、R 3 は炭素数6〜15の芳香族炭化水素基である。)
【0008】
また、クラッチの形式がローラクラッチであることが好ましい。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に関して図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図1は、本発明に係るスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置の実施形態を示す断面図である。
【0010】
図示されるように、クラッチ用保持器16の内周面に設けた複数の凸部25、25と一方向クラッチ用内輪11の外周面に設けた複数の凹部12とを係合させることにより、クラッチ用保持器16を一方向クラッチ用内輪11と共に回転自在としている。また、エンジン(図示せず)の回転軸に外嵌固定自在なスリーブ8を備え、その軸方向中間部に設けた大径部26の一端寄り部分(図1の左寄り端部分)の外周面に、大径部26の一端部外周面を直径方向外方に突出させることにより段差面27を形成している。一方向クラッチ10は、複数本のローラ15をクラッチ用保持器16で保持して構成され、クラッチ用保持器16の一端部(図1の左端部)内周面には、凸部28が直径方向内方に突出する状態で全周にわたり、あるいは円周方向の少なくとも1個所に形成されている。そして、凸部28の先端側(内径側)部分を、段差面27と大径部26の中間部に外嵌固定した一方向クラッチ用内輪11の一端面(図1の左端面)との間に配置している。
【0011】
これにより、クラッチ用保持器16の軸方向の変位を規制して、このクラッチ用保持器16の軸方向両端面が、このクラッチ用保持器16と相対回転する一方向クラッチ用外輪30の軸方向両端部に設けた1対の鍔部29、29の内側面と接触するのを防止している。即ち、クラッチ用保持器16が軸方向に変位する傾向となった場合、このクラッチ用保持器16の軸方向端面と何れか一方の鍔部29の内側面とが接触するよりも先に、凸部28の側面と段差面27または一方向クラッチ用内輪11の一端面とが当接するように各部の寸法を規制している。
【0012】
プーリ7の両端部内周面とスリーブ8の両端部外周面との間で一方向クラッチ10を軸方向両側から挟む位置には、それぞれが転がり軸受の一種の深溝型玉軸受である1対のサポート軸受9、9が配置されている。各サポート軸受9は、軸受用外輪18と軸受用内輪19との間に複数の転動体22である玉を転動自在に保持して構成されている。また、サポート軸受9、9を構成する軸受用内輪19、19の軸方向片面は、それぞれ大径部26の軸方向両端面(段差面)に当接している。また、サポート軸受9、9の軸受用外輪18、18の両端部内周面と軸受用内輪19、19の両端部外周面との間にはシールリング31、31が設けられており、後述されるグリースを封止する。グリースの封入量は、軸受内部空間の空間容積(一対のシールリング31,31で形成される空間容積から、内外輪18,19、転動体22及び保持器の容積を除いた容積)の30容積%程度が適当である。
【0013】
また、1対のサポート軸受9、9の間に設けた一方向クラッチ10のクラッチ内部空間33にも、サポート軸受と同一のグリースが封入される。グリースの封入量は、クラッチ内部空間33の空間容積(鍔部29,29で形成される空間容積からころ15及びクラッチ用保持器16の容積を引いた容積)の70容積%程度が適当である。
【0014】
上記グリースは、40℃における動粘度が20〜60mm2/sで、流動点が−45℃以下のエステル油を基油とする。基油動粘度が20mm2/s未満ではグリースが耐熱性に劣り、60mm2/sを超える場合には滑り時の発熱が大きくなる。また、自動車は−40℃付近での使用(エンジン始動)にも耐えなければならないため、基油の流動点は−45℃以下である必要がある。
【0015】
また、エステル油は他の潤滑油に比べて極性が大きく、滑り摩擦時の耐衝撃性に優れるという特性を有する。エステル油の種類には制限がないが、ジエステル油、ポリオールエステル油、芳香族エステル油等を好適に使用できる。具体的には、ジエスエル油として、ジオクチルアジペート(DOA)、ジイソブチルアジペート(DIBA)、ジブチルアジペート(DBA)、ジオクチルアゼレート(DOZ)、ジブチルセバケート(DBS)、ジオクチルセバケート(DOS)等を挙げることができる。ポリオールエステル油として、C4〜C18のアルキル鎖が誘導されたペンタエリスリトールエステル油、同ジペンタエリスリトールエステル油、同トリペンタエリスリトール油、ネオペンチル型ジオールエステル油、トリメチロールプロパンエステル油等を挙げることができる。芳香族エステル油として、ポリオールエステル油、あるいはトリオクチルトリメリテート(TOTM)、トリデシルトリメリテート、テトラオクチルピロメリテート等を挙げることができる。また、これらは単独でも、適宜組み合わせて使用してもよい。
【0016】
増ちょう剤は、耐熱性に優れる下記一般式(1)で表されるジウレア化合物を用いる。
1−NHCO−R3−NHCO−R2 ・・・(1)
【0017】
式中、R1、R2は炭素数6〜18の炭化水素基であり、同一でも異なっていてもよく、R3は炭素数6〜15の芳香族炭化水素基であるが、R1、R2がシクロヘキシル基であるジウレア化合物、もしくはシクロヘキシル基と脂肪族基の混合であるジウレア化合物が好適である。R1、R2に芳香族基を導入したジウレア化合物は、加熱により硬化する傾向があり、高温での滑り部の潤滑には適さないことがある。
【0018】
また、増ちょう剤の配合量は、グリース全量の10〜20重量%とする。
【0019】
上記グリースの混和ちょう度は、250〜340の範囲とする。混和ちょう度が250未満では、主にクラッチ部において滑り時に必要な部位へのグリースが行き渡らない。また、クラッチのロック、アンロックはバネ力も使用するが、このバネの動きを悪くするという問題も起こる。一方、混和ちょう度が340を超えると、走行時の振動等でグリースが流出しやすくなる等の問題が生じる。
【0020】
また、上記グリースは、高温使用時の基油の酸化劣化抑えて長寿命とするために、ジフェニルアミン誘導体、フェノチアジン誘導体及びナフチルアミンから選ばれるアミン系酸化防止剤グリース全量の1〜10質量%含有する。含有量が1質量%未満では効果が少なく、10質量%を超えても効果が飽和する。
【0021】
更に、上記グリースは、滑り時の摩擦摩耗より低減するために、有機モリブデン化合物はモリブデンジチオフォスフェート、モリブデンジチオカルバメート及びモリブデンのアミン錯体から選ばれる極圧剤をグリース全量の1〜10質量%含有する。含有量が1質量%未満では効果が少なく、10質量%を超えても効果が飽和する。
【0022】
方向クラッチはエンジンルーム内に配置され、雨水等との接触が起こりやすいことから、バリウムスホネート、亜鉛スルホネート、カルシウムスルホネート、ナフテン酸亜鉛から選ばれる防錆剤をグリース全量の1〜10質量%含有する。含有量が1質量%未満では効果が少なく、10質量%を超えても効果が飽和する。
更に上記グリースには、その性能を一層高めるため、必要に応じて、従来からグリースに用いられている公知の一般的な添加剤を含有させることができる。
【0023】
グリースは上記の各成分を含有するが、その製造方法には制限がなく、従来のウレア系グリースと同様にして調製することができるが、一般的には基油中でジウレア化合物の原料(アミン類とジイソシアネート)を反応させて得られる。尚、そのときの加熱温度や攪拌・混合時間等の製造条件は使用する基油やジウレア化合物の原料、添加剤等により適宜設定される。また、添加剤を添加後、十分に攪拌して均一に分散させる必要があるが、その際加熱することも有効である。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下に実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明を更に説明するが、本発明はこれにより何ら制限されるものではない。
【0025】
(実施例1〜、比較例1〜11
表1及び表2に示す配合にて試験グリースを調製した。先ず、第1の容器に半量の基油と増ちょう剤のアミン成分とを入れ、加熱しながら攪拌し、第2の容器に基油の半量と4,4−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(東京化成(株)製)とを入れ、加熱しながら攪拌し、第1の容器に2の容器の内容物を加えて両容器の内容物同士を反応させた。次いで、反応生成物に添加剤を添加し、3段ロールミルで仕上げて試験グリースとした。
【0026】
そして、得られた試験グリースを用いて下記に示す(1)低温トルク試験、(2)軸受耐久試験及び(3)高速往復動試験を行った。結果を表1及び表2に併記する。
(1)低温トルク試験
JIS K22205.14に準拠して行い、−30℃における起動トルクを測定した。
(2)軸受耐久試験
試験軸受として日本精工(株)製呼び番号「6204VV」に1gの試験グリースを封入し、予圧荷重20kgf、160℃、6000rpmで500時間をめどに連続回転した。500時間回転しても異常なく回転している場合が合格である。
(3)高速往復動試験
SUJ2(HRC60〜64)製の平板に約0.05mmの膜厚で試験グリースを塗布し、140℃で2時間加熱した後室温に戻し、荷重9.8kgfにて直径10mmのSUJ2製のボールを試験グリースの塗膜に押し付け、周波数10Hz、振幅2mmで往復運動を30分間行った後、ボール表面の摩耗痕径を測定した。
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 0004254225
【0028】
【表2】
Figure 0004254225
【0029】
尚、表中のオクチルアミンは東京化成(株)製試薬グレード品、オクタデシルアミンは東京化成(株)製試薬グレード品、シクロヘキシルアミンは東京化成(株)製試薬グレード品、p−トルイジンは東京化成(株)製試薬グレード品、フェノチアジンは東京化成(株)製試薬グレード品、ジオクチルジフェニルアミンは東京化成(株)製試薬グレード品、バリウムスルホネートはKING社製「ナッスルBSN」、ベンゾトリアゾールは東京化成(株)製試薬グレード品、MoDTPは旭電化(株)製「サクラルーブ300」、MoDTCは旭電化(株)製「サクラルーブ165」を用いた。
【0030】
上記試験結果から、本発明に従う各実施例の試験グリースは、低温トルクも小さく、耐久性にも優れ、なおかつ摩耗も少なくなっており、スタータ用一方向クラッチ装置に好適であることがわかる。
【0031】
これに対し、基油動粘度が20(mm2/s、40℃)未満である比較例1の試験グリースは耐久性に劣り、摩耗も大きくなっている。また、基油動粘度が60(mm2/s、40℃)を超え、流動点も−45℃を超える比較例2の試験グリースは低温トルクが大きくなって、いる。また、基油がエーテル油である比較例3の試験グリースは低温トルクが特に大きい。また、基油がポリα−オレフィン油(PAO)である比較例4の試験グリースは耐久性に劣り、摩耗も若干大きくなっている。また、基油がシリコーン油である比較例6の試験グリースは耐久性に劣っている。また、混和ちょう度が250未満である比較例7の試験グリースは摩耗が大きくなっている。
【0033】
以上、本発明に関して説明したが、本発明を実施する場合、図示のようなローラクラッチに限らず、スプラグクラッチ、カムクラッチ等、他の型式の一方向クラッチに適用することも可能である。また、図示の例では、一方向クラッチ10の両側に1対のサポート軸受9、9を設ける場合について示したが、サポート軸受9を一方向クラッチ10の片側に1個のみ設けることも可能である。更に、外径側部材として、プーリに代えて歯車を使用することも可能である。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、滑り時の低摩擦特性、−40℃の低温から160℃の高温にわたる潤滑性能の維持、クラッチ部及びサポート軸受の両方に対する良好な潤滑性等を兼ね備えるスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置の一実施形態を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
7 プーリ
8 スリーブ
9 サポート軸受
10 一方向クラッチ
11 一方向クラッチ用内輪
15 ローラ
16 クラッチ用保持器
18 軸受用外輪
19 軸受用内輪
22 転動体(玉)
30 一方向クラッチ用外輪
31 シールリング[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a starter one-way clutch device used, for example, for an overrunning clutch of a starter for an automobile. Specifically, in an automobile with an idling stopper function, an auxiliary machine such as a car air conditioner is driven when the engine is stopped. Further, the present invention relates to a starter one-way clutch device used for an auxiliary motor having a role of a starter.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Automobiles are equipped with various auxiliary equipment such as car air conditioners that use an engine as a drive source. These auxiliary machines are connected to the engine via a one-way clutch, and their operation / stop is controlled. This one-way clutch has a drive clutch part and a bearing part, and is generally lubricated with grease.
[0003]
Various greases for one-way clutches are known. For example, greases based on ether oil (see, for example, Patent Document 1), ester-based ones having a pressure viscosity coefficient of 12 GPa −1 or more (at 25 ° C.), or Grease comprising a synthetic base oil and a urea thickener (for example, see Patent Document 2), a urea compound thickener, and a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 60 cst or less. (For example, refer to Patent Document 3), greases based on silicone oil (for example, refer to Patent Document 4), and the like are known. Also, there is a one-way clutch in which grease having a miscibility of 280 to 300 using ether oil as a base oil is enclosed in the bearing portion and grease having a miscibility of 250 to 280 using ester oil as a base oil is enclosed in the clutch portion. It is known (see, for example, Patent Document 5).
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-82688 [Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-234638 A [Patent Document 3]
JP 2000-253620 A [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent No. 3033306 [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-130433
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, each of the greases listed above shows good characteristics for the one-way clutch for an alternator, but is not sufficient as a grease used for the one-way clutch for a starter. The one-way clutch for a starter places importance on slip characteristics, prevents wear, and further requires engagement at the start. Therefore, the grease used for the one-way clutch for the starter is generally required to have low frictional wear during sliding as the performance in the overrun state, but there is still no grease that sufficiently satisfies such a requirement, and is listed above. The fact is that such a proven grease is used in such a one-way clutch for an alternator.
[0005]
Therefore, the grease using the ether oil as the base oil described in Patent Document 1 is not suitable for sliding lubrication, and there is a risk that the starter clutch loses its function at an early stage. Further, although the grease having an increased pressure viscosity coefficient described in Patent Document 2 is effective for the performance at the time of clutch lock, the performance in the order run state is not sufficient. Further, the grease using the low-viscosity base oil described in Patent Document 3 has a desire for lubrication performance at the time of sliding, although improvement in fretting resistance and heat resistance is observed. Moreover, in the grease which uses the silicone oil as a base oil of the said patent document 4, a silicone oil generally has a low oil film strength compared with other lubricating oils, and there exists a problem in the point of a lifetime. In addition, when different greases are encapsulated in the clutch part and the bearing part as in the one-way clutch described in Patent Document 5, the grease is softened or hardened when the two greases are mixed, and different greases are used. In addition to not being able to achieve the intended purpose, in the device configuration in which the clutch part is arranged in the center and both ends thereof are supported by the bearing part, when the hard grease sealed in the clutch part is pushed out, the grease in the bearing part is pushed out. As a result, the amount of leakage increases.
[0006]
As described above, the low friction characteristics required for a one-way clutch for a starter, maintenance of lubrication performance from a low temperature of −40 ° C. to a high temperature of 160 ° C., good lubricity for both the clutch portion and the support bearing, etc. A sufficiently satisfactory grease is not obtained. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a starter one-way clutch device in which grease that can sufficiently meet these requirements is enclosed.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an inner diameter side member fixed to an end of a rotating shaft, and a cylindrical outer diameter side member disposed concentrically with the inner diameter side member around the inner diameter side member. And provided between the outer peripheral surface of these inner diameter side members and the inner peripheral surface of the outer diameter side member, and only when this outer diameter side member tends to rotate relative to the inner diameter side member in a predetermined direction, A one-way clutch that allows transmission of rotational force between the outer diameter side member and the inner diameter side member, and an outer peripheral surface of the inner diameter side member and the outer diameter side member at a position adjacent to the one-way clutch. A support bearing, which is a rolling bearing, is provided between the inner peripheral surface and the like, and allows the relative rotation between the inner diameter side member and the outer diameter side member while supporting a radial load applied to the outer diameter side member. And the one-way clutch and the support bearing at 40 ° C. Viscosity 20 to 60 mm 2 / s at pour point as a base oil a -45 ° C. or less of the ester oil, diurea compounds 10 to 20 wt% of the grease total amount represented by the following general formula (1) as a thickener, Additives selected from diphenylamine derivatives, phenothiazine derivatives and naphthylamine as additives are 1 to 10% by weight of the total amount of grease, and extreme pressure agents selected from molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate and molybdenum amine complexes are added to the total amount of grease. 1 to 10% by weight, containing 1 to 10% by weight of the total amount of a rust inhibitor selected from barium sulfonate, zinc sulfonate, calcium sulfonate and zinc naphthenate , and lubricated with grease having a blending degree of 250 to 340 For starters characterized by To provide a way clutch device.
R 1 —NHCO—R 3 —NHCO—R 2 ... (1)
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, and R 3 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.)
[0008]
Further, the form of the clutch roller clutch der Rukoto is not preferable.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a starter one-way clutch device according to the present invention.
[0010]
As shown in the figure, by engaging a plurality of convex portions 25, 25 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the clutch retainer 16 and a plurality of concave portions 12 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the one-way clutch inner ring 11, The clutch retainer 16 is rotatable together with the one-way clutch inner ring 11. In addition, a sleeve 8 that can be externally fitted and fixed to a rotating shaft of an engine (not shown) is provided, and an outer peripheral surface of a portion closer to one end (left end portion in FIG. 1) of the large-diameter portion 26 provided at an axially intermediate portion thereof. The stepped surface 27 is formed by projecting the outer peripheral surface of the one end portion of the large-diameter portion 26 outward in the diametrical direction. The one-way clutch 10 is configured by holding a plurality of rollers 15 with a clutch retainer 16, and a convex portion 28 has a diameter on an inner peripheral surface of one end portion (left end portion in FIG. 1) of the clutch retainer 16. It is formed over the entire circumference in a state protruding inward in the direction or at least at one place in the circumferential direction. And the front end side (inner diameter side) part of the convex part 28 is between the one end surface (left end surface of FIG. 1) of the inner ring | wheel 11 for one-way clutch which carried out the external fitting fixation to the intermediate part of the level | step difference surface 27 and the large diameter part 26. Is arranged.
[0011]
Thus, the axial displacement of the clutch retainer 16 is restricted, and both axial end surfaces of the clutch retainer 16 rotate relative to the clutch retainer 16 in the axial direction of the one-way clutch outer ring 30. This prevents contact with the inner side surfaces of the pair of flanges 29, 29 provided at both ends. That is, when the clutch retainer 16 tends to be displaced in the axial direction, the convex portion is protruded before the axial end surface of the clutch retainer 16 contacts the inner surface of one of the flanges 29. The dimension of each part is regulated so that the side face of the part 28 and the stepped surface 27 or one end face of the inner ring 11 for one-way clutch abut.
[0012]
A pair of supports, each of which is a kind of deep groove type ball bearing of a rolling bearing, is located between the inner peripheral surface of both ends of the pulley 7 and the outer peripheral surface of both ends of the sleeve 8 so as to sandwich the one-way clutch 10 from both axial sides. Bearings 9 and 9 are arranged. Each support bearing 9 is configured such that balls, which are a plurality of rolling elements 22, are rotatably held between a bearing outer ring 18 and a bearing inner ring 19. Further, one axial surface of the bearing inner rings 19, 19 constituting the support bearings 9, 9 is in contact with both axial end surfaces (step surfaces) of the large diameter portion 26. Further, seal rings 31 and 31 are provided between the inner peripheral surfaces of both ends of the bearing outer rings 18 and 18 of the support bearings 9 and 9 and the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of the bearing inner rings 19 and 19, which will be described later. Seal the grease. The amount of grease enclosed is 30 volumes of the internal space of the bearing (the volume obtained by excluding the volumes of the inner and outer rings 18, 19, the rolling elements 22 and the cage from the spatial volume formed by the pair of seal rings 31, 31). % Is appropriate.
[0013]
The same grease as that of the support bearing is also sealed in the clutch inner space 33 of the one-way clutch 10 provided between the pair of support bearings 9. An appropriate amount of grease is about 70% by volume of the space volume of the clutch internal space 33 (the volume obtained by subtracting the volume of the roller 15 and the clutch retainer 16 from the space volume formed by the flange portions 29, 29). .
[0014]
The above grease is based on an ester oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 20 to 60 mm 2 / s and a pour point of −45 ° C. or less. When the base oil kinematic viscosity is less than 20 mm 2 / s, the grease has poor heat resistance, and when it exceeds 60 mm 2 / s, heat generation during sliding increases. In addition, since the automobile must withstand use (engine start) near -40 ° C, the pour point of the base oil needs to be -45 ° C or less.
[0015]
In addition, ester oil has a characteristic that it is more polar than other lubricating oils and has excellent impact resistance during sliding friction. Although there is no restriction | limiting in the kind of ester oil, Diester oil, polyol ester oil, aromatic ester oil, etc. can be used conveniently. Specifically, dioctyl adipate (DOA), diisobutyl adipate (DIBA), dibutyl adipate (DBA), dioctyl azelate (DOZ), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), dioctyl sebacate (DOS) and the like are listed as the diesel oil. be able to. Examples of polyol ester oils include pentaerythritol ester oils, dipentaerythritol ester oils, tripentaerythritol oils, neopentyl diol ester oils, trimethylol propane ester oils and the like in which C 4 to C 18 alkyl chains are derived. Can do. Examples of the aromatic ester oil include polyol ester oil, trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM), tridecyl trimellitate, tetraoctyl pyromellitate and the like. These may be used alone or in appropriate combination.
[0016]
Thickener, Ru with a diurea compound represented by the following general formula which is excellent in heat resistance (1).
R 1 —NHCO—R 3 —NHCO—R 2 (1)
[0017]
Wherein, R 1, R 2 is a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, it may be the same or different, but R 3 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, R 1, A diurea compound in which R 2 is a cyclohexyl group or a diurea compound in which a mixture of a cyclohexyl group and an aliphatic group is preferred. Diurea compounds in which aromatic groups are introduced into R 1 and R 2 tend to be cured by heating, and may not be suitable for lubrication of sliding parts at high temperatures.
[0018]
The amount of thickener shall be the 10 to 20 wt% of the grease total amount.
[0019]
The grease penetration is in the range of 250-340. When the penetration is less than 250, grease is not distributed to a necessary portion at the time of sliding mainly in the clutch portion. In addition, the clutch locking / unlocking also uses a spring force, but there is a problem that the movement of the spring is deteriorated. On the other hand, when the blending degree exceeds 340, problems such as the grease easily flowing out due to vibrations during traveling and the like occur.
[0020]
Further, the grease to a Atsushi Ko when using base oils suppressed by long life deterioration due to oxidation, diphenylamine derivatives, 1 to 10 mass% of the grease total amount of amine antioxidant selected from the phenothiazine derivatives and naphthylamine Contains . If the content is less than 1% by mass, the effect is small, and even if the content exceeds 10% by mass, the effect is saturated.
[0021]
Moreover, the grease, in order to reduce the friction and wear when slide down, the organic molybdenum compound molybdenum dithiophosphate, 1 to 10 mass of the grease total amount of extreme pressure agent selected from amine complexes of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and molybdenum % Content . If the content is less than 1% by mass, the effect is small, and even if the content exceeds 10% by mass, the effect is saturated.
[0022]
One-way clutch is disposed within the engine room, since prone to contact with rainwater, VA Riumusuhoneto, zinc sulfonate, calcium sulfonate, 1 to 10 mass% content of rust grease total amount selected from zinc naphthenate To do . If the content is less than 1% by mass, the effect is small, and even if the content exceeds 10% by mass, the effect is saturated.
Furthermore, in order to further improve the performance of the grease, a known general additive conventionally used in grease can be included as necessary.
[0023]
Grease contains each of the above components, but its production method is not limited and can be prepared in the same manner as a conventional urea grease, but in general, it is a raw material of a diurea compound (amine) in a base oil. And diisocyanate). The production conditions such as the heating temperature and the stirring / mixing time at that time are appropriately set depending on the base oil, diurea compound raw materials, additives and the like to be used. Moreover, after adding an additive, it is necessary to stir well and to disperse | distribute uniformly, but heating in that case is also effective.
[0024]
【Example】
Examples The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited thereby.
[0025]
(Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 )
Test greases were prepared with the formulations shown in Tables 1 and 2. First, a half amount of the base oil and the amine component of the thickener are placed in the first container and stirred while heating, and half the amount of the base oil and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Tokyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) are placed in the second container. The contents of the two containers were added to the first container, and the contents of both containers were allowed to react with each other. Next, an additive was added to the reaction product and finished with a three-stage roll mill to obtain a test grease.
[0026]
Then, using the obtained test grease, the following (1) low temperature torque test, (2) bearing durability test, and (3) high speed reciprocation test were performed. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
(1) Low temperature torque test The low temperature torque test was performed in accordance with JIS K22205.14, and the starting torque at -30 ° C was measured.
(2) bearing endurance test filled with test grease 1g of NSK Ltd. designation number "6204VV" as the test bearing, preload 20 kgf, 160 ° C., was continuously rotated in prospect for 500 hours at 6000 rpm. The case where it rotates without abnormality even if it rotates for 500 hours is a pass.
(3) High speed reciprocation test A test grease was applied to a flat plate made of SUJ2 (HRC 60 to 64) with a film thickness of about 0.05 mm, heated at 140 ° C. for 2 hours, returned to room temperature, and loaded with a diameter of 9.8 kgf. A 10 mm SUJ2 ball was pressed against the coating film of the test grease and reciprocated at a frequency of 10 Hz and an amplitude of 2 mm for 30 minutes, and then the wear scar diameter on the ball surface was measured.
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004254225
[0028]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004254225
[0029]
In the table, octylamine is a reagent grade product manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., octadecylamine is a reagent grade product manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., cyclohexylamine is a reagent grade product manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and p-toluidine is Tokyo Chemical Industry. Reagent grade product, phenothiazine is a reagent grade product manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Dioctyldiphenylamine is a reagent grade product manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Barium sulfonate is “Nassl BSN” manufactured by KING, and Benzotriazole is Tokyo Chemical Industry ( Reagent grade products manufactured by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd. “Sakura Lube 300” were used as MoDTP, and Asahi Denka Co., Ltd. “Sakura Lube 165” was used as MoDTC.
[0030]
From the above test results, it can be seen that the test greases of the respective examples according to the present invention have low low-temperature torque, excellent durability, and low wear, and are suitable for a one-way clutch device for a starter.
[0031]
In contrast, the test grease of Comparative Example 1 having a base oil kinematic viscosity of less than 20 (mm 2 / s, 40 ° C.) has poor durability and large wear. Further, the test grease of Comparative Example 2 having a base oil kinematic viscosity exceeding 60 (mm 2 / s, 40 ° C.) and a pour point exceeding −45 ° C. has a large low temperature torque. Further, the test grease of Comparative Example 3 in which the base oil is an ether oil has a particularly large low temperature torque. Further, the test grease of Comparative Example 4 in which the base oil is poly α-olefin oil (PAO) is inferior in durability and slightly worn. Further, the test grease of Comparative Example 6 in which the base oil is silicone oil is inferior in durability. Further, the test grease of Comparative Example 7 having a miscibility of less than 250 has increased wear.
[0033]
Although the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the roller clutch as illustrated, but can be applied to other types of one-way clutches such as a sprag clutch and a cam clutch. Further, in the illustrated example, the case where the pair of support bearings 9 and 9 are provided on both sides of the one-way clutch 10 is shown, but it is also possible to provide only one support bearing 9 on one side of the one-way clutch 10. . Furthermore, it is also possible to use a gear instead of the pulley as the outer diameter side member.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the low friction characteristic at the time of sliding, the maintenance of the lubrication performance from the low temperature of −40 ° C. to the high temperature of 160 ° C., the good lubricity for both the clutch part and the support bearing are combined. A one-way clutch device for a starter is provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a one-way clutch device for a starter according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
7 Pulley 8 Sleeve 9 Support bearing 10 One-way clutch 11 One-way clutch inner ring 15 Roller 16 Clutch retainer 18 Bearing outer ring 19 Bearing inner ring 22 Rolling element (ball)
30 Outer ring for one-way clutch 31 Seal ring

Claims (2)

回転軸の端部に固定する内径側部材と、この内径側部材の周囲にこの内径側部材と同心に配置された筒状の外径側部材と、これら内径側部材の外周面と外径側部材の内周面との間に設けられ、この外径側部材が上記内径側部材に対し所定方向に相対回転する傾向となる場合にのみ、これら外径側部材と内径側部材との間での回転力の伝達を自在とする一方向クラッチと、この一方向クラッチに隣接する位置で上記内径側部材の外周面と上記外径側部材の内周面との間等に設けられ、この外径側部材に加わるラジアル荷重を支承しつつこれら内径側部材と外径側部材との相対回転を自在とする、転がり軸受であるサポート軸受とを備え、かつ、
前記一方向クラッチ及びサポート軸受が、40℃における動粘度が20〜60mm2/sで流動点が−45℃以下のエステル油を基油とし、増ちょう剤として下記一般式(1)で表されるジウレア化合物をグリース全量の10〜20重量%、添加剤としてジフェニルアミン誘導体、フェノチアジン誘導体及びナフチルアミンから選ばれるアミン系酸化防止剤をグリース全量の1〜10重量%、モリブデンジチオフォスフェート、モリブデンジチオカルバメート及びモリブデンのアミン錯体から選ばれる極圧剤をグリース全量の1〜10重量%、バリウムスルホネート、亜鉛スルホネート、カルシウムスルホネート及びナフテン酸亜鉛から選ばれる防錆剤をグリース全量の1〜10重量%含有し、かつ混和ちょう度が250〜340であるグリースにより潤滑されていることを特徴とするスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置。
1 −NHCO−R 3 −NHCO−R 2 ・・・(1)
(式中、R 1 、R 2 は炭素数6〜18の炭化水素基であり、同一でも異なっていてもよく、R 3 は炭素数6〜15の芳香族炭化水素基である。)
An inner diameter side member fixed to the end of the rotating shaft, a cylindrical outer diameter side member arranged concentrically with the inner diameter side member around the inner diameter side member, and an outer peripheral surface and an outer diameter side of the inner diameter side member Between the outer diameter side member and the inner diameter side member only when the outer diameter side member is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the member and the outer diameter side member tends to rotate relative to the inner diameter side member in a predetermined direction. A one-way clutch that can freely transmit the rotational force of the inner diameter side member and a position adjacent to the one-way clutch between the outer peripheral surface of the inner diameter side member and the inner peripheral surface of the outer diameter side member. A support bearing that is a rolling bearing that supports a radial load applied to the radial side member while allowing relative rotation between the inner diameter side member and the outer diameter side member; and
The one-way clutch and the support bearing are represented by the following general formula (1) as a thickener based on an ester oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 20 to 60 mm 2 / s and a pour point of −45 ° C. or less. that diurea compounds 10 to 20 wt% of the grease total amount, diphenylamine derivative as an additive, 1 to 10% by weight of the grease total amount of amine antioxidant selected from the phenothiazine derivatives and naphthylamine, molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate and molybdenum 1 to 10% by weight of the extreme pressure agent selected from the amine complex of 1 to 10% by weight of the total amount of grease , and 1 to 10% by weight of the rust preventive agent selected from barium sulfonate, zinc sulfonate, calcium sulfonate and zinc naphthenate , and Glue with a penetration of 250-340 The one-way clutch device for a starter, characterized in that is lubricated by the scan.
R 1 —NHCO—R 3 —NHCO—R 2 ... (1)
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, and R 3 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.)
クラッチの形式がローラクラッチであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のスタータ用一方向クラッチ装置。 2. The one-way clutch device for a starter according to claim 1, wherein the type of the clutch is a roller clutch .
JP2002365348A 2002-12-17 2002-12-17 One-way clutch device for starter Expired - Fee Related JP4254225B2 (en)

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EP1770309A4 (en) * 2004-06-23 2011-10-05 Nsk Ltd Rotation transmission apparatus with built-in one-way clutch
JP2006077967A (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Nsk Ltd Rotation transmission device with built-in one-way clutch
JP2006161827A (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-22 Jtekt Corp Pulley unit with one-way clutch
JP2006170372A (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-29 Jtekt Corp One-way clutch
WO2006109541A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-19 Nippon Oil Corporation Grease composition for one-way clutch
JP2007002892A (en) * 2005-06-22 2007-01-11 Nsk Warner Kk One-way clutch
JP2007205564A (en) * 2006-01-06 2007-08-16 Toyota Motor Corp Sliding member and clutch
JP5007557B2 (en) * 2006-06-28 2012-08-22 株式会社ジェイテクト One-way clutch
CN101522869B (en) * 2006-10-06 2013-03-20 出光兴产株式会社 Lubricating grease
JP5081435B2 (en) * 2006-11-22 2012-11-28 出光興産株式会社 Grease for one-way clutch built-in type rotation transmission device
JP5040729B2 (en) * 2008-02-29 2012-10-03 日本精工株式会社 One-way clutch built-in type rotation transmission device
JP2011021194A (en) * 2010-09-08 2011-02-03 Nsk Ltd Grease composition and one-way clutch built-in type rotation transmission

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JP2000234667A (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-29 Nsk Ltd Pulley device with built-in roller clutch for alternator
JP2000337405A (en) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-05 Nsk Ltd Pulley device with built-in one-way clutch
JP4620219B2 (en) * 2000-06-02 2011-01-26 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Grease composition
JP4427195B2 (en) * 2001-01-26 2010-03-03 Ntn株式会社 Grease filled bearings for automobiles
JP2002340145A (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-11-27 Ntn Corp Pulley with built-in clutch for accessory

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