JP4190048B2 - Cutting method - Google Patents

Cutting method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4190048B2
JP4190048B2 JP09246698A JP9246698A JP4190048B2 JP 4190048 B2 JP4190048 B2 JP 4190048B2 JP 09246698 A JP09246698 A JP 09246698A JP 9246698 A JP9246698 A JP 9246698A JP 4190048 B2 JP4190048 B2 JP 4190048B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
workpiece
fixing jig
cutting
work
deformation
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JP09246698A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11267911A (en
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淳 高原
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Dowa Holdings Co Ltd
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Dowa Holdings Co Ltd
Dowa Mining Co Ltd
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Priority to JP09246698A priority Critical patent/JP4190048B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は,ワークを切削加工する旋盤の如き切削装置において,チャックなどの保持手段にワークを固定するための治具(jig)に関し,更にそのようなワーク固定治具を用いて固定したワークの切削方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
被加工物としてのワークを切削加工するために旋盤などの切削装置が広く利用されている。旋盤によってワークを加工する場合,次のような手順がとられる。即ち,先ず油圧チャックやスクロールチャックなどといった適当な保持手段により,ワークの周縁部を3点あるいは4点で保持し,しっかりと固定する。この場合,チャックの爪の形状としては扇形爪などが使用される場合もある。そして,固定したワークを回転させながら,バイト(cutting tool)等の刃物をワーク表面に接触させて加工を行う。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら,例えば厚さの薄い板形状のワークや,銅,アルミニウム,各種合金等の軟質金属材料やプラスチック,硬質ゴム,木材等の非金属材料などからなるワークを切削加工する場合,次のような課題があった。即ち,板形状のワークや軟質な材料からなるワークをチャックで保持する場合,確実に保持するためにチャック圧を高くするとワークの反りなどが発生する。そのまま加工すると,チャックをはずしてワークがもとの形状に戻った際に,変形した仕上がりとなってしまう。また,反りが発生しやすい軟質材料の場合,チャックの爪で保持されていない部分が切削工具から逃げる方向に変形して,加工残りが発生し,所望の形状に加工できないことがある。このような問題が発生する要因は,ワークの保持がチャック爪とワークの摩擦力のみに拠るからであり,また,チャッキング部分以外はワークが支えられていないためと考えられる。一方,ワークの変形を防止するためにチャック圧を低くすると,加工中にワークがチャックから外れ易くなり,ワークや切削装置の破損や人的災害の要因となるおそれがある。
【0004】
また,扇型爪を用いてワークをチャックした場合は,旋削の進行にともなって加工応力が発生したり,ワークの材料を製造した時の残留応力が解放されて変形(反り)が発生することによって,過大な切削応力が加わった際にチャックでつかんでいるワークがすべって脱落したり,切削刃物を破損してしまうおそれがある。そして扇型爪は,製作にコストがかかり,また扇型爪は,特定のワークの専用であって,汎用性に乏しいといった問題がある。
【0005】
ここで,チャックした際のワークの反りを防ぐために,接着剤でワークを円盤に固定し,円盤をチャックで保持することにより,ワークを円盤を介して固定して切削加工する方法も採用されている。しかし,例えば熱溶解性ワックスなどを用いて円盤にワークを接着した場合は,切削加工の前後に接着剤を加熱しなければならず煩雑である。また,円盤にワークを接着させて切削を行う場合は,変形力に対して強靭な円盤を用いることが必要であるが,変形しやすいワークであると,加工中に発生する切削応力による変形が,加工中は円盤によってくい止められているが,ワークを円盤から外したと同時にワークに変形が発生する。また,加工後において円盤からワークをはがす際に,ワークに強い応力がかかり,変形(反り)が残ってしまう。
【0006】
従って本発明の目的は,最終的に変形の少ない仕上を得ることができ,また,切削加工中におけるワークの脱落や刃物の破損等が発生しない切削方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述の課題を解決するために,本発明によれば,複数本のネジを用いてワーク固定治具に螺着されたワークを切削装置の保持手段に対してワーク固定治具を介して固定した状態で,ワークを切削加工する方法において,複数本のネジの全部を締めた状態にし,ワークを切削加工する工程と,その後,複数本のネジの内の一部のネジを緩めることにより,ワークの変形を許容した状態で,ワークを切削加工する工程を含むことを特徴とする,切削方法が提供される。
なお,この切削方法に用いられるワーク固定治具であって,このワーク固定治具はワークよりも変形抵抗が高い材料からなり,かつ,ワークをワーク固定治具に複数本のネジで螺着し,ワーク固定治具を保持手段に保持することにより,ワーク固定治具を介して保持手段にワークを固定するように構成されていることを特徴とする,ワーク固定治具があわせて提供される。
【0008】
ワークよりも変形抵抗が高い材料からなるワーク固定治具に対して螺着することによりワークを固定し,ワーク固定治具を例えば旋盤の如き切削装置に備えられた油圧チャックやスクロールチャックなどといった適当な保持手段に保持する。これにより,ワーク固定治具を介してワークを保持手段に固定する。このワーク固定治具によれば,ワーク固定治具は変形抵抗が高い材料からなっているので,チャック圧を高くしてもワーク固定治具の変形が少ない。また,ワークはワーク固定治具に螺着してあるので,ネジ(ボルトを含む)を外すことにより,ワークをワーク固定治具から容易に取り外すことができ,しかも,取り外す際にワークに強い応力がかからず,変形を防止できる。
【0009】
このワーク固定治具においてワークがワーク固定治具に対して複数本のネジを用いて螺着される。そうすれば,複数本のネジによってワークをワーク固定治具に対して確実に固定できるようになる。
【0010】
また,ワークとワーク固定治具の間に隙間を形成しても良い。そうすれば,切削加工などの際に発生したワークの変形をその隙間によって許容することができ,また,ワークを切削加工するバイト等の刃物がワーク固定治具に当たることを防ぐことができるようになる。
【0011】
なお,ネジはボルトを含む概念である。この方法に従ってワークを切削することにより,反りなどの変形の少ない仕上がりが実現できるようになる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下,本発明の好ましい実施の形態を,図面を用いて説明する。図1は,本発明の実施の形態にかかるワーク固定治具1の表面にワーク2を保持した状態を示す正面図であり,図2は,図1におけるA−A断面矢視図である。この実施の形態では,円盤形状の銅板からなるワーク2の表面を,旋盤によってお盆形状(中グリ形状)に加工する例を示している。
【0013】
ワーク固定治具1は,ワーク2よりも変形抵抗が高い材料からなり,この例では,銅よりも変形抵抗が高い一般用鋼材であるSS,S45C等といった充分な強度を有する材料を用いて円盤形状に形成されている。ワーク固定治具1は,油圧チャックやスクロールチャックなどといった適当なチャック(保持手段)3の爪10によって周縁部を3点保持されることにより,切削装置としての旋盤に備えられたチャック3に対してしっかりと固定されている。なお,爪10は通常の旋削加工で用いられる生爪あるいは硬爪が使用される。
【0014】
ワーク固定治具1とワーク2には,それぞれの周縁に沿って中心角60゜の間隔で6箇所ずつに孔11,12が設けられている。これら孔11,12のpcd(pitch circle diameter)は等しく設定されており,ワーク固定治具1とワーク2を重ねると,これら孔11,12同士がそれぞれ一致するようになっている。但し,ワーク固定治具1に設けられた孔11はタップ(tap)が形成されていない平滑な内面を有するのに対し,ワーク2に設けられた孔12はネジ山が形成されたタップ孔になっている。そして図示の例では,ワーク固定治具1の裏面側(図2では下面側)から各孔11に挿入した6本のネジ13の先端部分をワーク固定治具1の上に重ねたワーク2の各孔12に螺合させることにより,ワーク固定治具1に対してワーク2が固定されている。このように,ワーク2をワーク固定治具1に6本のネジ13で螺着し,ワーク固定治具2を爪10で把持することにより,ワーク2はワーク固定治具1を介してチャック3にしっかりと固定されている。ネジ13の長さは,ワーク2の仕上がり後の厚さとワーク固定治具1の座グリ部の厚さの合計よりも短く設定されており,このようにワーク2をワーク固定治具1にネジ13で螺着した際に,ネジ13の先端がワーク2の表面から突出しないようになっている。
【0015】
また図2に示したように,ワーク固定治具1の表面には中央と周縁に凹部15,16がそれぞれ設けられている。これにより,ワーク2をワーク固定治具1に重ねて固定した際には,ワーク2の裏面(図2では下面)とワーク固定治具1の表面(図2では上面)の間に隙間(ヌスミ)17,18が形成されるようになっている。
【0016】
以上のように構成された,本発明の実施の形態にかかるワーク固定治具1を用いてワーク2を切削加工するには,図1,2で説明したように,ワーク固定治具1の周縁部を旋盤のチャック3の爪10によって保持すると共に,ワーク固定治具1に対して6本のネジ13でワーク2を螺着して,ワーク2をワーク固定治具1を介して保持本体3にしっかりと固定する。そして,旋盤においてワーク2を回転させながらバイト等の刃物をワーク2にあてがい,ワーク2を所望の形状に切削加工する。
【0017】
ここで,ワーク2の切削加工は例えば次のような手順によって行われる。先ず,図3(a)に示すように,ワーク2の表面(中グリ部20を形成する側の面)を外側にした状態で,先に図1,2で説明したようにして,ワーク2をワーク固定治具1を介してチャック3に固定する。そして,ワーク2を回転させながらワーク2に刃物をあてがって図3(a)に示す斜線部分2aを切削し,ワーク2の表面と外周面を所望の形状に粗加工する。これにより,ワーク2の表面に中グリ部20を形成すると共に,ワーク2の外周面の形状を整える。この例のようにワーク2に中グリ部20を形成する場合は,その中グリ部20を形成する側の面(即ち,この例で言えばワーク2の表面)から加工を開始すると良い。
【0018】
このようにワーク2の表面を切削するに際しては,最初に6本全部のネジ13をしっかりと締めた状態にし,ワーク固定治具1の表面に合わせてワーク2をほぼ平板形状にした状態で,ワーク2を回転させ,所望の形状に荒加工する。そして,この荒加工後,ワーク2の回転を一旦停止させ,6本のネジ13の内の一部のネジ13を緩めた状態にする。すると,今まで6本全部のネジ13がきつく締められていたことによって平板形状にされていたワーク2内に生じていた応力が開放され,図4に示すように,ワーク固定治具1の表面においてワーク2に変形(反り)が発生した状態となる。
【0019】
なお,このようにネジ13を緩める場合は,次のようにすると良い。即ち,図5に従って説明すると,先ず,先ず6本のネジ13a,13b,13c,13d,13e,13fを1本ずつ緩めてみて,各ネジ13a〜13fを緩めた場合に生ずるワーク2の変形量(反り量)をそれぞれ測定する。次に,最も変形量の大きい箇所のネジとその対角の位置にあるネジを緩める。例えば,ネジ13aを緩めたときに最も多く変形が生じたのであれば,ネジ13aとその対角の位置にあるネジ13dを緩める。次に,最も変形量が大きかった箇所のネジ13aの直近のネジ13bとネジ13fを緩めてみて,各ネジ13b,13fを緩めた場合に生ずるワーク2の変形量(反り量)をそれぞれ測定する。そして,ネジ13bを緩めた場合のワーク2の変形量とネジ13fを緩めた場合のワーク2の変形量を比較して,変形量の大きい方のネジ13b又は13fと,その対角の位置にあるネジ13e又は13cを緩める。こうして,合計で4本のネジ13a,13b,13d,13e,もしくはネジ13a,13c,13d,13fを適宜緩め,最小限の2本のネジ13c,13f,もしくはネジ13b,13eによってワーク2をワーク固定治具1の表面に固定した状態を保つ。このようにして緩めるネジ13を適宜選択することにより,ワーク固定治具1の表面においてワーク2に最も多くの変形(反り)を発生させた状態とすることができ,ワーク2内の応力を最小限にさせた状態で固定することが可能となる。
【0020】
そして,このようにワーク2に最も多くの変形を発生させた状態で,再びワーク2を回転させながらワーク2に刃物をあてがい,図4に示す斜線部分2a'を切削する。これにより,ワーク2内の応力が最小限になった状態でワーク2の表面が平面になるように修正加工し,ワーク2の表面形状を整える。
【0021】
次に,ワーク2を反転させ,図3(b)に示すように,ワーク2の裏面(中グリ部20を形成しない側の面)を外側にした状態で,先と同様に,ワーク2をワーク固定治具1を介してチャック3に固定する。そして,ワーク2を回転させながらワーク2に刃物をあてがって図3(b)に示す斜線部分2bを切削し,ワーク2の裏面を所望の形状に粗加工する。なお,このようにワーク2の裏面を切削する場合も,最初に6本全部のネジ13をしっかりと締めた状態で,ワーク2の裏面を粗加工する。そして,ワーク2の回転を一旦停止して,6本のネジ13の内の一部のネジ13を緩め,ワーク固定治具1の表面においてワーク2に変形(反り)が発生した状態にさせる。この場合も,先に図5に従って説明したときと同様の手順によって緩めるネジ13を適宜選択することにより,ワーク固定治具1の表面においてワーク2に最も多くの変形(反り)を発生させた状態とし,ワーク2内の応力を最小限にさせる。そして,再びワーク2を回転させながらワーク2の裏面に刃物をあてがって切削し,ワーク2の裏面が平面になるように修正加工する。
【0022】
次に,図3(c)に示すように,再びワーク2の表面を外側にした状態で,先と同様に,ワーク2をワーク固定治具1を介してチャック3に固定する。そして,ワーク2を回転させながらワーク2に刃物をあてがって図3(c)に示す斜線部分2cを切削し,ワーク2の表面を仕上げ加工する。これにより,ワーク2の表面に所望の形状と中グリ部20を形成する。
【0023】
次に,再びワーク2を反転させ,図3(d)に示すように,ワーク2の裏面を外側にした状態で,先と同様に,ワーク2をワーク固定治具1を介してチャック3に固定する。そして,ワーク2を回転させながらワーク2に刃物をあてがって図3(d)に示す斜線部分2dを切削し,ワーク2の裏面と外周面を所望の形状に仕上げ加工する。
【0024】
これらの工程を経ることにより,ワーク2に対して最終的に変形の少ない仕上を施すことができ,所望の形状の加工製品を得ることができるようになる。この実施の形態で説明したように,ワーク固定治具1はワーク2よりも変形抵抗が高い材料からなっているので,爪10の保持圧を高くしてもワーク固定治具1は変形が少なく,従って,ワーク2の変形をなるべく少なくした状態で6本のネジ13によってしっかりと保持できるようになる。このため,切削加工中におけるワーク2の脱落や刃物の破損等が発生しなくなる。また,ネジ13を外すことにより,ワーク2をワーク固定治具1から容易に取り外すことができ,取り外す際にワーク2に強い応力がかからず,ワーク2の変形も防止できる。
【0025】
また,図4などで説明したように,ワーク固定治具1の表面においてワーク2に変形を生じさせた状態でワーク2を切削することにより,内部応力を最小限にさせた状態でワーク2を修正加工することができ,反りなどの変形の少ない仕上がりが実現できるようになる。なお,図3(a)〜(d)の工程を繰り返した後においても変形の影響が製品に残る場合は,更に図3(a)〜(d)の工程を繰り返すことにより,変形を少なくすることができる。
【0026】
そして,図2に示したように,ワーク2とワーク固定治具1の表面の間に隙間(ヌスミ)17,18が形成されており,隙間17があることによって,ワーク2中央部のワーク固定治具1の表面側への変形を許容でき,また,隙間18があることによって,ワーク2の外周面を切削する際に,刃物がワーク固定治具1の表面にぶつかることがなく,ワーク2の外周面全体を均一に加工できる。
【0027】
なお,ネジ13はボルトであっても良い。また,ワーク2に設けられた孔12をタップ孔とせずに,ワーク固定治具1に設けられた孔11をタップ孔として,ワーク2の表面側から各孔12に挿入した6本のネジ13の先端部分をワーク固定治具1の各孔11に螺合させることにより,ワーク固定治具1に対してワーク2を固定しても良い。更に,ワーク2の形状は円形に限らず,角形であっても良く,ワーク2の厚さは機械加工能力の限界まで薄くすることができる。また,ワーク2の材質は銅に限らず,アルミニウム,各種合金等の軟質金属材料やプラスチック,硬質ゴム,セラミック,ガラス,石材,木材等の比較的硬質な非金属材料などに広く適用できる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下,本発明の実施の形態において説明したワーク固定治具を用いて,スパッタリング装置に使用する無酸素銅圧延材からなるバッキングプレートを加工した実施例を示す。外径φ390mm,厚み15mm,銅材からなるワークを,外径φ400mm,厚み30mm,SS材からなるワーク固定治具に載せてワーク固定治具とワークを螺着し,ワーク固定治具を旋盤に備えられたチャックに爪でしっかりと固定した。ワークに,pcd360φの6等配のタップ孔(M6)を形成し,ワーク固定治具を貫通させたネジ(ボルト)の先端を,ワークのタップ孔に螺合させた。また,ワークを固定したワーク固定治具を旋盤のチャックにより油圧10Kg/cm2以上の力で保持した。銅材は圧延による残留応力が大きく,旋盤での加工時等に反りのような変形が発生しやすい。また,バッキングプレート最終製品の形状は端面に掘り込みを有しており,加工時に変形を発生しやすい形状である。
【0029】
以上の条件でワーク固定治具を介してワークを旋盤のチャックに固定し,ワークを回転させて切削加工を行った。加工に際しては,先に図3(a)〜(d)で説明したようにワークの表面と裏面をそれぞれ粗加工と仕上げ加工し,また,先に図4などで説明したように,ワーク固定治具の表面においてネジを緩めることによりワークの内部応力を最小限にさせた状態で修正加工して,反りなどの変形の少ない仕上がりを実現するようにした。また,比較例として,ワーク固定治具を用いずに,同様のワークを旋盤のチャックに直接保持し,切削加工を行った。
【0030】
その結果,通常の方法で加工を行った比較例では,0.5〜0.9mmの面方向の変形が発生した。これに対し,本発明の実施例に従って加工したワークでは,切削の中間工程で発生する変形の合計は0.8〜1.2mmであったが,最終的に得られた製品となった時点の面方向の変形(平面度)は0.05〜0.12mmであった。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば,旋盤などのチャックによって直接ワークを保持していないため,チャッキング圧によるワークの変形がない。また,ワークがチャック方向に逃げないため加工残りが生じない。更に,ワークの保持が摩擦力によらず,ワーク固定治具に螺着しているので,保持が確実である。また,ワークをネジで固定しているので,取り外しが容易であり,ネジを緩めることにより,ワークの変形を許容した内部応力の少ない状態で加工することができ,変形の少ない製品を得ることが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態にかかるワーク固定治具の表面にワークを保持した状態を示す正面図である。
【図2】図1におけるA−A断面矢視図である。
【図3】ワークの切削加工工程の説明図であり,(a)はワーク表面と外周面の粗加工工程,(b)はワーク裏面の粗加工工程,(c)はワーク表面の仕上げ加工工程,(d)はワーク裏面と外周面の仕上げ加工工程をそれぞれ示している。
【図4】ワーク固定治具の表面においてワークを変形させた状態の説明図である。
【図5】緩めるネジを選択する手順の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ワーク固定治具
2 ワーク
3 チャック
10 爪
11,12 孔
13 ネジ
15,16 凹部
17,18 隙間
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a jig for fixing a workpiece to a holding means such as a chuck in a cutting machine such as a lathe for cutting the workpiece, and further to a workpiece fixed using such a workpiece fixing jig. It relates to a cutting method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A cutting machine such as a lathe is widely used for cutting a workpiece as a workpiece. When machining a workpiece with a lathe, the following procedure is taken. That is, first, the peripheral portion of the workpiece is held at three or four points by appropriate holding means such as a hydraulic chuck or a scroll chuck, and is firmly fixed. In this case, a fan-shaped claw may be used as the shape of the chuck claw. Then, while rotating the fixed work, a cutting tool such as a cutting tool is brought into contact with the work surface for processing.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, for example, when cutting thin plate-shaped workpieces, workpieces made of soft metal materials such as copper, aluminum and various alloys, and non-metal materials such as plastic, hard rubber, and wood, the following There was a problem. That is, when a plate-shaped workpiece or a workpiece made of a soft material is held by a chuck, if the chuck pressure is increased to securely hold the workpiece, the workpiece warps. If processed as it is, when the chuck is removed and the workpiece returns to its original shape, it will have a deformed finish. Further, in the case of a soft material that is likely to warp, a portion that is not held by the chuck pawl may be deformed in the direction of escaping from the cutting tool, resulting in an unprocessed portion that cannot be processed into a desired shape. The reason why such a problem occurs is that the work is held only by the friction force between the chuck pawl and the work, and the work is not supported except for the chucking part. On the other hand, if the chuck pressure is lowered to prevent the workpiece from being deformed, the workpiece is likely to be detached from the chuck during machining, which may cause damage to the workpiece or the cutting device or a human disaster.
[0004]
In addition, when a workpiece is chucked using a fan-shaped claw, machining stress is generated as the turning progresses, and deformation (warping) occurs due to release of residual stress when the workpiece material is manufactured. As a result, when excessive cutting stress is applied, the workpiece held by the chuck may slip and fall off, or the cutting blade may be damaged. The fan-shaped claw is expensive to manufacture, and the fan-shaped claw has a problem that it is dedicated to a specific work and lacks versatility.
[0005]
Here, in order to prevent the workpiece from warping when chucked, the workpiece is fixed to the disc with an adhesive, and the workpiece is held by the chuck so that the workpiece is fixed via the disc. Yes. However, when a workpiece is bonded to a disk using, for example, a heat-soluble wax, the adhesive must be heated before and after cutting, which is complicated. In addition, when cutting with a workpiece bonded to the disk, it is necessary to use a disk that is strong against deformation force. However, if the workpiece is easy to deform, deformation due to cutting stress generated during machining will occur. , Although it is stopped by the disk during machining, deformation occurs in the work as soon as the work is removed from the disk. Further, when the workpiece is peeled from the disk after machining, a strong stress is applied to the workpiece, and deformation (warping) remains.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a cutting method that can finally obtain a finish with little deformation and that does not cause the workpiece to drop off or the blade to break during cutting.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, according to the present invention, a workpiece screwed to a workpiece fixing jig using a plurality of screws is fixed to a holding means of a cutting apparatus via the workpiece fixing jig. In the method of cutting a workpiece in a state, all the screws are tightened, the workpiece is cut, and then a part of the plurality of screws is loosened. There is provided a cutting method comprising a step of cutting a workpiece in a state in which the deformation of the workpiece is allowed.
The workpiece fixing jig used in this cutting method is made of a material having a higher deformation resistance than the workpiece, and the workpiece is screwed to the workpiece fixing jig with a plurality of screws. , by holding the holding means the workpiece fixing jig, characterized in that it is configured to secure the workpiece to the holding means through the workpiece fixing jig, the workpiece fixing jig is provided together .
[0008]
The workpiece is fixed by screwing it onto a workpiece fixing jig made of a material having a higher deformation resistance than that of the workpiece, and the workpiece fixing jig is suitable, for example, a hydraulic chuck or a scroll chuck provided in a cutting device such as a lathe. Hold on a suitable holding means. As a result, the workpiece is fixed to the holding means via the workpiece fixing jig. According to this workpiece fixing jig, since the workpiece fixing jig is made of a material having a high deformation resistance, the workpiece fixing jig is hardly deformed even when the chuck pressure is increased. Also, since the workpiece is screwed to the workpiece fixing jig, the workpiece can be easily removed from the workpiece fixing jig by removing the screws (including bolts), and there is a strong stress on the workpiece when removing it. It can be prevented from being deformed.
[0009]
In this workpiece fixing jig, the workpiece is screwed to the workpiece fixing jig using a plurality of screws . Then, the workpiece can be securely fixed to the workpiece fixing jig with a plurality of screws.
[0010]
Further , a gap may be formed between the workpiece and the workpiece fixing jig. By doing so, it is possible to allow the deformation of the workpiece generated during the cutting process to be allowed by the gap, and to prevent the cutting tool such as a cutting tool for cutting the workpiece from hitting the workpiece fixing jig. Become.
[0011]
The screw is a concept including a bolt. By cutting the workpiece according to this method, a finish with less deformation such as warpage can be realized.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a state in which a workpiece 2 is held on the surface of a workpiece fixing jig 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. In this embodiment, an example is shown in which the surface of the workpiece 2 made of a disk-shaped copper plate is processed into a tray shape (medium-grip shape) by a lathe.
[0013]
The workpiece fixing jig 1 is made of a material having a higher deformation resistance than the workpiece 2. In this example, a disk made of a material having sufficient strength, such as SS, S45C, which is a general steel material having a higher deformation resistance than copper. It is formed into a shape. The workpiece fixing jig 1 has a peripheral portion held at three points by a claw 10 of an appropriate chuck (holding means) 3 such as a hydraulic chuck or a scroll chuck, so that the workpiece fixing jig 1 is attached to a chuck 3 provided on a lathe as a cutting device. And firmly fixed. In addition, the nail | claw 10 uses the raw nail | claw or hard nail | claw used by normal turning.
[0014]
The workpiece fixing jig 1 and the workpiece 2 are provided with holes 11 and 12 at six locations at intervals of a central angle of 60 ° along the respective peripheral edges. The holes 11 and 12 have the same pcd (pitch circle diameter), and when the workpiece fixing jig 1 and the workpiece 2 are overlapped, the holes 11 and 12 coincide with each other. However, the hole 11 provided in the workpiece fixing jig 1 has a smooth inner surface where no tap is formed, whereas the hole 12 provided in the workpiece 2 is a tap hole formed with a thread. It has become. In the illustrated example, the tip of the six screws 13 inserted into the holes 11 from the back surface side (the lower surface side in FIG. 2) of the workpiece fixing jig 1 is superimposed on the workpiece fixing jig 1. The workpiece 2 is fixed to the workpiece fixing jig 1 by being screwed into each hole 12. In this way, the workpiece 2 is screwed to the workpiece fixing jig 1 with the six screws 13, and the workpiece fixing jig 2 is gripped by the claws 10, whereby the workpiece 2 is chucked via the workpiece fixing jig 1. It is firmly fixed to. The length of the screw 13 is set shorter than the sum of the finished thickness of the workpiece 2 and the thickness of the spot facing portion of the workpiece fixing jig 1, and the workpiece 2 is screwed to the workpiece fixing jig 1 in this way. When the screw 13 is screwed, the tip of the screw 13 does not protrude from the surface of the workpiece 2.
[0015]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the surface of the workpiece fixing jig 1 is provided with recesses 15 and 16 at the center and the periphery, respectively. Thus, when the work 2 is overlapped and fixed to the work fixing jig 1, a gap (Nusumi) is formed between the back surface (the lower surface in FIG. 2) of the work 2 and the front surface (the upper surface in FIG. 2). ) 17, 18 are formed.
[0016]
In order to cut the workpiece 2 using the workpiece fixing jig 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the peripheral edge of the workpiece fixing jig 1 as described with reference to FIGS. Is held by the claw 10 of the chuck 3 of the lathe, and the work 2 is screwed to the work fixing jig 1 with six screws 13, and the work 2 is held via the work fixing jig 1. Firmly fix to. Then, a tool such as a cutting tool is applied to the workpiece 2 while rotating the workpiece 2 on a lathe, and the workpiece 2 is cut into a desired shape.
[0017]
Here, the cutting of the workpiece 2 is performed by the following procedure, for example. First, as shown in FIG. 3A, with the surface of the workpiece 2 (the surface on the side on which the center groove portion 20 is formed) facing outward, as described above with reference to FIGS. Is fixed to the chuck 3 via the workpiece fixing jig 1. Then, while rotating the workpiece 2, a blade is applied to the workpiece 2 to cut the hatched portion 2a shown in FIG. 3A, and the surface and outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 2 are roughly processed into a desired shape. Thereby, while forming the center edge part 20 in the surface of the workpiece | work 2, the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece | work 2 is prepared. In the case of forming the center groove 20 on the workpiece 2 as in this example, it is preferable to start processing from the surface on the side where the center groove 20 is formed (that is, the surface of the workpiece 2 in this example).
[0018]
When cutting the surface of the workpiece 2 in this way, all six screws 13 are first tightened firmly, and the workpiece 2 is in a substantially flat plate shape according to the surface of the workpiece fixing jig 1. The workpiece 2 is rotated and roughed into a desired shape. Then, after the rough machining, the rotation of the workpiece 2 is temporarily stopped, and a part of the six screws 13 is loosened. Then, the stress generated in the workpiece 2 which has been flattened because all six screws 13 have been tightened up to now is released, and as shown in FIG. In this state, the workpiece 2 is deformed (warped).
[0019]
In addition, when loosening the screw 13 in this way, it is better to do as follows. That is, according to FIG. 5, first, the amount of deformation of the work 2 that occurs when the six screws 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, and 13f are loosened one by one and the screws 13a to 13f are loosened. Measure the amount of warpage. Next, loosen the screw at the location with the largest amount of deformation and the screw at the diagonal position. For example, if the most deformation occurs when the screw 13a is loosened, the screw 13a and the screw 13d at the diagonal position are loosened. Next, the screw 13b and the screw 13f closest to the screw 13a at the place where the deformation amount is the largest are loosened, and the deformation amount (warpage amount) of the work 2 that occurs when the screws 13b and 13f are loosened is measured. . Then, the deformation amount of the work 2 when the screw 13b is loosened and the deformation amount of the work 2 when the screw 13f is loosened are compared, and the screw 13b or 13f having the larger deformation amount and the diagonal position thereof are compared. One screw 13e or 13c is loosened. In this way, a total of four screws 13a, 13b, 13d, and 13e or screws 13a, 13c, 13d, and 13f are loosened as appropriate, and the workpiece 2 is moved by the minimum two screws 13c, 13f, or screws 13b and 13e. The state fixed to the surface of the fixing jig 1 is maintained. By appropriately selecting the screws 13 to be loosened in this manner, the workpiece 2 can be brought into the state where the most deformation (warp) is generated on the surface of the workpiece fixing jig 1, and the stress in the workpiece 2 is minimized. It is possible to fix in a limited state.
[0020]
Then, in such a state that the workpiece 2 is most deformed, a blade is applied to the workpiece 2 while rotating the workpiece 2 again, and the hatched portion 2a ′ shown in FIG. 4 is cut. As a result, the surface of the workpiece 2 is corrected so that the surface of the workpiece 2 becomes flat in a state where the stress in the workpiece 2 is minimized, and the surface shape of the workpiece 2 is adjusted.
[0021]
Next, the work 2 is reversed, and the work 2 is moved in the same manner as described above with the back surface of the work 2 (the surface on the side where the center groove portion 20 is not formed) outside as shown in FIG. The workpiece is fixed to the chuck 3 via the workpiece fixing jig 1. Then, the blade 2 is applied to the workpiece 2 while rotating the workpiece 2, and the hatched portion 2b shown in FIG. 3B is cut, and the back surface of the workpiece 2 is roughly processed into a desired shape. Even when the back surface of the workpiece 2 is cut in this manner, the back surface of the workpiece 2 is roughly machined with all six screws 13 firmly tightened first. Then, the rotation of the workpiece 2 is temporarily stopped, and some of the six screws 13 are loosened, and the workpiece 2 is deformed (warped) on the surface of the workpiece fixing jig 1. Also in this case, the state in which the workpiece 2 is most deformed (warped) on the surface of the workpiece fixing jig 1 by appropriately selecting the screws 13 to be loosened by the same procedure as described above with reference to FIG. The stress in the work 2 is minimized. Then, while rotating the workpiece 2 again, a cutting tool is applied to the back surface of the workpiece 2 to perform cutting so that the back surface of the workpiece 2 becomes a flat surface.
[0022]
Next, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), the workpiece 2 is fixed to the chuck 3 via the workpiece fixing jig 1 in the same manner as described above with the surface of the workpiece 2 facing outward again. Then, a blade is applied to the workpiece 2 while rotating the workpiece 2, and the shaded portion 2c shown in FIG. 3C is cut to finish the surface of the workpiece 2. As a result, a desired shape and a center groove 20 are formed on the surface of the workpiece 2.
[0023]
Next, the workpiece 2 is reversed again, and the workpiece 2 is placed on the chuck 3 via the workpiece fixing jig 1 in the same manner as before, with the back surface of the workpiece 2 facing outside as shown in FIG. Fix it. Then, the blade 2 is applied to the workpiece 2 while rotating the workpiece 2, and the hatched portion 2d shown in FIG. 3D is cut, and the back surface and the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 2 are finished into desired shapes.
[0024]
Through these steps, the work 2 can be finally finished with little deformation, and a processed product with a desired shape can be obtained. As described in this embodiment, since the workpiece fixing jig 1 is made of a material having a higher deformation resistance than the workpiece 2, the workpiece fixing jig 1 is less deformed even when the holding pressure of the claw 10 is increased. Therefore, the six screws 13 can hold the workpiece 2 with the deformation of the work 2 as small as possible. For this reason, dropping of the workpiece 2 or breakage of the blade during the cutting process does not occur. Further, by removing the screw 13, the workpiece 2 can be easily removed from the workpiece fixing jig 1, and when the workpiece is removed, no strong stress is applied to the workpiece 2, and deformation of the workpiece 2 can be prevented.
[0025]
Further, as described with reference to FIG. 4 and the like, the workpiece 2 is cut in a state in which internal stress is minimized by cutting the workpiece 2 in a state where the workpiece 2 is deformed on the surface of the workpiece fixing jig 1. It can be corrected and finished with less deformation such as warping. If the effect of deformation remains in the product even after the steps of FIGS. 3A to 3D are repeated, the deformation is reduced by repeating the steps of FIGS. 3A to 3D. be able to.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 2, gaps 17 and 18 are formed between the surface of the workpiece 2 and the workpiece fixing jig 1, and the workpiece 17 is fixed at the center of the workpiece 2 due to the clearance 17. The deformation to the surface side of the jig 1 can be allowed, and the clearance 18 prevents the cutter from hitting the surface of the work fixing jig 1 when the outer peripheral surface of the work 2 is cut. Can be processed uniformly.
[0027]
The screw 13 may be a bolt. Also, the holes 12 provided in the work 2 are not tapped holes, but the holes 11 provided in the work fixing jig 1 are used as tapped holes, and six screws 13 inserted into the holes 12 from the surface side of the work 2. The workpiece 2 may be fixed to the workpiece fixing jig 1 by screwing the tip portions thereof into the holes 11 of the workpiece fixing jig 1. Furthermore, the shape of the workpiece 2 is not limited to a circle but may be a square shape, and the thickness of the workpiece 2 can be reduced to the limit of machining capability. The material of the workpiece 2 is not limited to copper, but can be widely applied to soft metal materials such as aluminum and various alloys, and relatively hard non-metal materials such as plastic, hard rubber, ceramic, glass, stone, and wood.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the Example which processed the backing plate which consists of an oxygen free copper rolling material used for a sputtering device using the workpiece fixing jig demonstrated in embodiment of this invention is shown. A workpiece made of copper material with an outer diameter of 390 mm and thickness of 15 mm is placed on a workpiece fixing jig made of SS material with an outer diameter of φ400 mm, thickness of 30 mm, and the workpiece fixing jig and the workpiece are screwed together. It was firmly fixed with a nail to the provided chuck. A hexagonal tap hole (M6) of pcd360φ was formed in the work, and the tip of a screw (bolt) penetrating the work fixing jig was screwed into the work tap hole. In addition, a workpiece fixing jig for fixing the workpiece was held by a lathe chuck with a hydraulic pressure of 10 kg / cm 2 or more. Copper material has a large residual stress due to rolling, and deformation such as warpage is likely to occur during machining on a lathe. Moreover, the shape of the final product of the backing plate has a digging in the end face, and is easily deformed during processing.
[0029]
Under the above conditions, the workpiece was fixed to the lathe chuck via the workpiece fixing jig, and the workpiece was rotated for cutting. At the time of machining, as described above with reference to FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (d), the front and back surfaces of the workpiece are roughly machined and finished, respectively, and as previously explained with reference to FIG. The surface of the tool was loosened to correct the workpiece while minimizing the internal stress of the workpiece to achieve a finish with less deformation such as warping. As a comparative example, the same workpiece was directly held on the lathe chuck without using the workpiece fixing jig, and cutting was performed.
[0030]
As a result, in the comparative example processed by a normal method, a deformation in the surface direction of 0.5 to 0.9 mm occurred. On the other hand, in the workpiece machined according to the embodiment of the present invention, the total deformation generated in the intermediate process of cutting was 0.8 to 1.2 mm, but at the time when the final product was obtained. The deformation (flatness) in the surface direction was 0.05 to 0.12 mm.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the workpiece is not directly held by a chuck such as a lathe, the workpiece is not deformed by the chucking pressure. In addition, since the workpiece does not escape in the chuck direction, there is no machining residue. Furthermore, since the workpiece is screwed to the workpiece fixing jig regardless of the frictional force, the workpiece is securely held. In addition, since the workpiece is fixed with screws, it is easy to remove. By loosening the screws, the workpiece can be processed with little internal stress allowing deformation of the workpiece, and a product with little deformation can be obtained. It becomes possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a state in which a workpiece is held on the surface of a workpiece fixing jig according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory diagrams of a workpiece cutting process, where FIG. 3A is a rough machining process for the workpiece surface and outer peripheral surface, FIG. 3B is a rough machining process for the workpiece back surface, and FIG. , (D) show the finishing process of the work back and outer peripheral surfaces, respectively.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which the workpiece is deformed on the surface of the workpiece fixing jig.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a procedure for selecting a screw to be loosened.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Work Fixing Tool 2 Work 3 Chuck 10 Claw 11, 12 Hole 13 Screw 15, 16 Recess 17, 18 Clearance

Claims (1)

複数本のネジを用いてワーク固定治具に螺着されたワークを切削装置の保持手段に対してワーク固定治具を介して固定した状態で,ワークを切削加工する方法において,
複数本のネジの全部を締めた状態にし,ワークを切削加工する工程と,
その後,複数本のネジの内の一部のネジを緩めることにより,ワークの変形を許容した状態で,ワークを切削加工する工程を含むことを特徴とする,切削方法。
In a method of cutting a workpiece in a state where a workpiece screwed to a workpiece fixing jig using a plurality of screws is fixed to a holding means of a cutting device via the workpiece fixing jig,
A process of cutting the workpiece with all the screws tightened,
A cutting method comprising a step of cutting the workpiece while allowing deformation of the workpiece by loosening a part of the plurality of screws after that.
JP09246698A 1998-03-20 1998-03-20 Cutting method Expired - Fee Related JP4190048B2 (en)

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JP4190048B2 true JP4190048B2 (en) 2008-12-03

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EP3646985A4 (en) * 2017-11-07 2020-11-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Processing apparatus and processing method
CN110142709B (en) * 2019-06-18 2024-02-06 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 Clamp for machining mold and mold machining method
CN113997106A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-01 贵州凯星液力传动机械有限公司 Cutting clamp for workpiece with through hole and machining method thereof

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