JP4175725B2 - Thin battery - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4175725B2
JP4175725B2 JP09334499A JP9334499A JP4175725B2 JP 4175725 B2 JP4175725 B2 JP 4175725B2 JP 09334499 A JP09334499 A JP 09334499A JP 9334499 A JP9334499 A JP 9334499A JP 4175725 B2 JP4175725 B2 JP 4175725B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
thin
safety piece
metal foil
battery according
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JP2000285905A (en
Inventor
博行 大野
幹也 山崎
勉 園▲ざき▼
育朗 中根
悟 福岡
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、僅かな電池内圧の上昇によって変形する外装体を有し、この外装体内に発電要素が収納された薄型電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、電子機器等の小型化に伴って、電池の小型化が望まれるようになってきている。この電池の小型化を達成するために、本発明者らは、先に、アルミニウム層の両面に接着剤層を介して樹脂層が形成されたラミネート材を袋状にしてラミネート外装体を構成し、このラミネート外装体の収納空間に発電要素を収納するような薄型電池を提案した。このような構造の電池であれば、飛躍的に電池の小型化を達成できる。
【0003】
しかしながら、上記ラミネート外装体を用いた薄型電池では、過充電時等の場合に、電池の内部圧力が高まって、電池が破裂することがある。このようなことが生じると、電解液或いは電極等の電池構成部材が電池外に飛散して、電池を用いた機器等を破損するおそれがある。
【0004】
そこで、電池が破裂するのを防止すべく、以下に示すような方法が提案されている。
(1)電池の内部圧力が所定値に達した場合に開口するような圧力開放弁を電池に取り付ける方法。
(2)電池の内部圧力が所定値に達した場合に、ラミネート外装体の封止部が開口するような方法。
【0005】
しかしながら、上記(1)(2)の方法では、以下に示すような課題を有していた。
(1)の方法の課題
(1)の方法では、圧力開放弁を構成する新たな材料が必要となり、しかも圧力開放弁を電池に取り付けるという作業工程が新たに必要となるため、電池の製造コストが高騰するという課題。
【0006】
(2)の方法の課題
(2)の方法においては、電池の内部圧力が所定値に達した場合に、ラミネート外装体の封止部が開口し、しかも、通常時は電池内に水分が進入したり、電解液が漏れるのを防止しなければならないが、両者を満たす封止材料や封止条件を見出すのが困難であるという課題。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、以上の事情に鑑みなされたものであって、電池の製造コストの高騰を招くことなく、且つ厳格な封止条件等を要求されることなく、電池が破裂することによる電池を用いた機器等の破損を防止しうる薄型電池の提供を目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明のうちで請求項1記載の発明は、正極と負極とセパレータとからなる発電要素が、僅かな電池内圧の上昇によって変形するラミネート外装体の収納空間内に収納され、且つ上記正極には正極タブが、上記負極には負極タブが、それぞれ接続されると共に、これら両タブが電池外に突出する構造の薄型電池において、上記両タブのうち一方のタブは一方の外部電極を兼用し、他方のタブは、少なくとも一部が薄い金属箔から成ると共に電池外部における上記収納空間に対応する位置に配置され、電池内圧の上昇に伴う上記ラミネート外装体の変形により切断される安全片と、この安全片の両端に電気的に接続されるリードとを介して他方の外部電極と接続されることを特徴とする。
【0009】
このような構成であれば、過充電時等の場合に、電池の内部圧力が高まって電池(収納空間)が膨らむと、この収納空間に対応する位置に配置している薄い金属箔を備えた安全片が切断される。したがって、それ以上の充電が防止されるので、電池が破裂するレベルまで電池内圧が上昇することがない。
【0010】
また、圧力開放弁を構成する新たな材料が必要とならず、しかも圧力開放弁を電池に取り付けるという作業工程が新たに必要とならないため、電池の製造コストが高騰するという課題を解決できる。
加えて、封止条件等が緩和されるので、電池内に水分が進入したり、電解液が漏れるのを防止しつつ、確実に電池が破裂するのを抑えることができる。
【0011】
また、請求項2記載の発明は請求項1記載の発明において、上記安全片が帯状であることを特徴とする。
【0012】
また、請求項3記載の発明は請求項1又は2記載の発明において、上記安全片の両端は上記外装体に固定されていることを特徴とする。
このように安全片の両端が外装体に固定されていれば、電池内圧が高まった場合に安全片が確実に切断されるので、上記の効果が一層発揮される。
【0013】
また、請求項4記載の発明は請求項1、2又は3記載の発明において、上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分の厚みが0.5mm以下であることを特徴とする。
このように規制するのは、薄い金属箔部分の厚みが0.5mmを超えると、金属箔部分が切断しなくなることがあるということを考慮したものである。好ましくは、薄い金属箔部分の厚みを0.1mm以下とする。
【0014】
また、請求項5記載の発明は請求項1、2、3又は4記載の発明において、上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分の幅が電池幅以下であることを特徴とする。
このように規制するのは、薄い金属箔部分の幅が電池幅を超えると、金属箔部分が切断しなくなることがあるということを考慮したものである。好ましくは、薄い金属箔部分の幅を5.0mm以下とする。
【0015】
また、請求項6記載の発明は請求項1、2、3、4又は5記載の発明において、上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分は、収納空間に対応する位置の略中央部に配置されることを特徴とする。
収納空間に対応する位置の略中央部では、電池が膨らんだ場合に最も膨れが大きくなって、安全片が確実に切断されるので、上記の効果が一層発揮される。
【0016】
また、請求項7記載の発明は請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の発明において、上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分に切り込みが形成されていることを特徴とする。
また、請求項8記載の発明は請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の発明において、上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分にくびれが形成されていることを特徴とする。
【0017】
また、請求項9記載の発明は請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の発明において、上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分にミシン目が形成されていることを特徴とする。
また、請求項10記載の発明は請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の発明において、上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分に空孔が形成されていることを特徴とする。
上記請求項7〜請求項10の構成であれば、安全片が一層確実に切断されるので、上記の効果がより一層発揮される。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
〔第1の形態〕
本発明の第1の形態を、図1〜図4に基づいて、以下に説明する。
図1は本発明の第1の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図、図2は本発明の第1の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図、図3は本発明の第1の形態に係る薄型電池に用いられる発電要素の斜視図、図4はラミネート外装体の断面図である。
【0019】
図3に示すように、本発明の薄型電池は、LiCoO2 を主体とする正極1と、天然黒鉛を主体とする負極2と、これら両電極を離間するセパレータ(図3においては図示せず)とから成る発電要素4を有しており、上記正極1にはアルミニウムから成る正極タブ8が、また上記負極2にはニッケルから成る負極タブ9がそれぞれ接続されている。上記発電要素4は、図1及び図2に示すように、収納空間5内に配置されており、この収納空間5は、ラミネート外装体6の上下端と中央部とをそれぞれ封止部7a・7b・7cで封口することにより形成される。また、収納空間5には、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とが体積比で3:7の割合で混合された混合溶媒に、各々LiN(SO2 2 5 2 が0.95M(モル/リットル)の割合、LiPF6 が0.05Mの割合で溶解された電解質が注入されている。
【0020】
上記ラミネート外装体6の具体的な構造は、図4に示すように、アルミニウム層(厚み:30μm)21の一方の面に、ウレタン系接着剤から成る接着剤層(厚み:2μm)25を介してナイロン層(厚み:25μm)22が接着され、このナイロン層22にウレタン系接着剤から成る接着剤層(厚み:2μm)26を介してポリエチレンテレフタレート層(厚み:12μm)23が接着される一方、アルミニウム層21の他方の面には、変性ポリプロピレンから成る接着剤層(厚み:2μm)27を介してポリプロピレン層(厚み:40μm)24が接着される構造である。
【0021】
ここで、前記正極タブ8と前記負極タブ9とは、上記ラミネート外装体6の封止部7aから突出している。正極タブ8は正極側の外部端子を兼用する一方、負極タブ9は負極側の外部端子を兼用せず、新たに負極側の外部端子13が設けられる。そして、負極タブ9と負極側の外部端子13とは、略コ字状に折り曲げられた負極タブ9の先端に接続されるリード10と、負極側の外部端子13に接続されたリード11と、これら両リード10・11を接続する安全片12とにより電気的に接続される構造となっている。上記安全片12は厚み20μmの薄い金属箔から成り、且つその両端部近傍では上記ラミネート外装体6と固定されている。
【0022】
尚、この電池の大きさは、図1に示すように、幅L1 は80mm、長さL2 は91mmとなるように構成されており、また、封止部7a・7bの幅L3 ・L4 は5mm、封止部7cの幅L5 は10mmとなるように構成されている。また、上記安全片12の幅L6 は10mmとなるように構成されている。
【0023】
ここで、上記構造の電池を、以下のようにして作製した。
先ず、正極活物質としてのLiCoO2 と導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックとグラファイトと結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とを重量比で、90:2:3:5の割合で混合して正極合剤を作製した後、この正極合剤をアルミニウムから成る帯状の正極芯体の両面に塗着し、更に圧延、乾燥することにより正極1を作製した。
【0024】
これと並行して、負極活物質としての天然黒鉛と結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンとを重量比で、90:10の割合で混合して負極合剤を作製した後、この負極合剤を銅から成る帯状の負極芯体の両面に塗着し、更に乾燥、圧延することにより負極2を作製した。
次に、これら正負極1・2に、それぞれ正極タブ8と負極タブ9とを取り付けた後、正負極1・2をセパレータを介して配置する。しかる後、正負両極1・2及びセパレータを偏平渦巻状に巻回して、図3(図3においては、セパレータは省略している)に示すような発電要素4を作製した。
【0025】
次いで、7層構造のラミネート材(91mm×170mm)を用意した後、このラミネート材における両端のポリプロピレン同士を重ね合わせ、更に、重ね合わせ部をインパルス加熱法により溶着して、封止部7cを形成した。次に、この筒状のラミネート材の収納空間5内に発電要素4を挿入した。この際、筒状のラミネート材の一方の開口部から両タブ8・9が突出するように発電要素4を配置した。次に、この状態で、両タブ8・9が突出している開口部のラミネート材を溶着して封止し、封止部7aを形成した。この際、溶着は高周波誘導加熱装置を用いて行った。
【0026】
次いで、この状態で、真空加熱乾燥(温度:105℃)を2時間行い、ラミネート材及び発電要素4の水分を除去した。この後、エチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとが体積比で3:7の割合で混合された混合溶媒に、各々LiN(SO2 2 5 2 が0.95M(モル/リットル)の割合、LiPF6 が0.05Mの割合で溶解された電解液にプレポリマーが混合されたものを注入した。しかる後、上記封止部4aとは反対側のラミネート材の端部を高周波誘導溶着装置を用いて溶着し、封止部4bを形成した。
【0027】
最後に、ラミネート外装体6に負極側の外部端子13を取り付けると共に、負極タブ9にリード10を、負極側の外部端子13にリード11をそれぞれ接続し、更にこれら両リード10・11に両端部がラミネート外装体6に固定された安全片12を接続した。これにより、薄型電池が作製される。
【0028】
〔第2の形態〕
本発明の第2の形態を、図5及び図6に基づいて、以下に説明する。
図5は本発明の第2の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図、図6は本発明の第2の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図である。
尚、上記第1の形態と同様の機能を有する部材については同じ符号を付してその説明を省略する。このことは、下記の形態についても同様である。
図5及び図6に示すように、安全片12にくびれ16・16を形成して、安全片12の切断を容易にする他は、上記第1の形態の薄型電池と同様の構成である。
【0029】
〔第3の形態〕
本発明の第3の形態を、図7及び図8に基づいて、以下に説明する。
図7は本発明の第3の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図、図8は本発明の第3の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図である。
図7及び図8に示すように、安全片12にミシン目17を形成して、安全片12の切断を容易にする他は、上記第1の形態の薄型電池と同様の構成である。
【0030】
〔第4の形態〕
本発明の第4の形態を、図9及び図10に基づいて、以下に説明する。
図9は本発明の第4の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図、図10は本発明の第4の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図である。
図9及び図10に示すように、安全片12に切り込み18・18を形成して、安全片12の切断を容易にする他は、上記第1の形態の薄型電池と同様の構成である。
【0031】
〔第5の形態〕
本発明の第5の形態を、図11及び図12に基づいて、以下に説明する。
図11は本発明の第5の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図、図12は本発明の第5の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図である。
図11及び図12に示すように、安全片12に空孔19…を形成して、安全片12の切断を容易にする他は、上記第1の形態の薄型電池と同様の構成である。
【0032】
尚、上記5つの形態においては、安全片として薄い金属箔を用いたが、これに限定するものではなく、一部のみを薄い金属箔とし他部は厚みの大きな金属としても良い。このようにすれば、厚みの大きな金属部分は電池が膨れても余り変形しないので、安全片の両端部をラミネート外装体に固定する必要がなくなて薄型電池の製造が容易となる他、安全片の抵抗が小さくなるという利点もある。
【0033】
また、上記5つの形態においては、正極タブが正極側の外部端子を兼用し、負極タブは負極側の外部端子を兼用しない構成としたが、このような構成に限定するものではなく、負極タブが負極側の外部端子を兼用し、正極タブが正極側の外部端子を兼用しない構成としても良い。この場合には、正極側に、2つのリードと安全片とが設けられることになる。
更に、外装体としては上記ラミネート外装体に限定されるものではなく、僅かな電池内圧の上昇によって変形する外装体であれば、本発明を適用しうる。
【0034】
加えて、正極材料としては上記LiCoO2 の他、例えば、LiNiO2 、LiMn2 4 或いはこれらの複合体等が好適に用いられ、また負極材料としては上記炭素材料の他、リチウム金属、リチウム合金、或いは金属酸化物(スズ酸化物等)等が好適に用いられる。更に、電解液の溶媒としては上記のものに限らず、プロピレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトンなどの比較的比誘電率が高い溶液と、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、1,3−ジオキソラン、2−メトキシテトラヒドロフラン、ジエチルエーテル等の低粘度低沸点溶媒とを適度な比率で混合した溶媒を用いることができる。また、電解液の電解質としては、上記LiPF6 等の他、LiAsF6 、LiClO4 、LiBF4 、LiCF3 SO3 等を用いることができる。
【0035】
【実施例】
〔実施例1〕
実施例1としては上記第1の形態に示す電池を用いた。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A1と称する。
〔実施例2〕
実施例2としては上記第2の形態に示す電池を用いた。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A2と称する。
【0036】
〔実施例3〕
実施例3としては上記第3の形態に示す電池を用いた。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A3と称する。
〔実施例4〕
実施例4としては上記第4の形態に示す電池を用いた。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A4と称する。
【0037】
〔実施例5〕
実施例5としては上記第5の形態に示す電池を用いた。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A5と称する。
【0038】
〔比較例1〕
図13及び図14に示すように、正極タブ8が正極側の外部端子を兼用し、負極タブ9も負極側の外部端子を兼用する構成とする(安全片とリードとを設けない)他は、上記実施例1の薄型電池と同様にして電池を作製した。尚、実施例1と同様の機能を有する部材については同じ符号を付している。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、比較電池X1と称する。
【0039】
〔比較例2〕
安全片12として、厚み1.0mmのNi−Alクラッド材を用いる他は、上記実施例1の薄型電池と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、比較電池X2と称する。
【0040】
〔比較例3〕
図15及び図16に示すように、安全片12を封止部7b上に設ける他は、上記実施例1の薄型電池と同様にして電池を作製した。尚、実施例1と同様の機能を有する部材については同じ符号を付している。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、比較電池X3と称する。
【0041】
〔実験〕
上記本発明電池A1〜A5及び比較電池X1〜X3を、電流2Cで過充電し、各電池が破裂するか否かを調べたので、その結果を表1に示す。
【0042】
【表1】

Figure 0004175725
【0043】
表1から明らかなように、比較電池X1〜X3では電池が破裂しているのに対して、本発明電池A1〜A5では電池が全く破裂していないことが認められる。
【0044】
これは、比較電池X1では安全片が設けられていないので、過充電時にも充電状態が継続され、比較電池X2では安全片は設けられているが、厚みが大きすぎるため安全片としての役割を発揮できず、やはり過充電時にも充電状態が継続され、比較電池X3では電池の膨れを生じない封止部上に安全片が存在するため、安全片としての役割を発揮できず、やはり過充電時にも充電状態が継続される。これに対して、本発明電池A1〜A5では、過充電時には電池の膨れを生じる収納空間に対応する位置に安全片が配置され、しかも安全片の厚みが非常に薄いので、過充電時には安全片が切断されて充電状態が終了するという理由によるものと考えられる。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、電池の製造コストの高騰を招くことなく、且つ厳格な封止条件等を要求されることなく、電池が破裂することによる電池を用いた機器等の破損を防止できるといった優れた効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図
【図2】本発明の第1の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図
【図3】本発明の第1の形態に係る薄型電池に用いられる発電要素の斜視図
【図4】本発明の第1の形態に係る薄型電池に用いられるラミネート外装体の断面図
【図5】本発明の第2の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図
【図6】本発明の第2の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図
【図7】本発明の第3の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図
【図8】本発明の第3の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図
【図9】本発明の第4の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図
【図10】本発明の第4の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図
【図11】本発明の第5の形態に係る薄型電池の正面図
【図12】本発明の第5の形態に係る薄型電池の側面図
【図13】比較例1に係る薄型電池の正面図
【図14】比較例1に係る薄型電池の側面図
【図15】比較例3に係る薄型電池の正面図
【図16】比較例3に係る薄型電池の側面図
【符号の説明】
1:正極
2:負極
4:発電要素
5:収納空間
6:ラミネート外装体
8:正極タブ
9:負極タブ
10:リード
11:リード
12:安全片
13:負極側の外部端子[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a thin battery having an exterior body that is deformed by a slight increase in battery internal pressure, and in which a power generation element is housed in the exterior body.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, along with the downsizing of electronic devices and the like, downsizing of batteries has been desired. In order to achieve a reduction in the size of this battery, the present inventors first constructed a laminate outer package by forming a bag of a laminate material in which a resin layer is formed on both sides of an aluminum layer via an adhesive layer. And, the thin battery which accommodates the electric power generation element in the storage space of this laminate exterior body was proposed. If the battery has such a structure, the battery can be dramatically reduced in size.
[0003]
However, in a thin battery using the laminate outer package, the internal pressure of the battery may increase and the battery may burst in the case of overcharging. When such a thing arises, there exists a possibility that battery components, such as electrolyte solution or an electrode, may scatter outside a battery and may damage the apparatus using a battery.
[0004]
Therefore, in order to prevent the battery from bursting, the following method has been proposed.
(1) A method of attaching to the battery a pressure release valve that opens when the internal pressure of the battery reaches a predetermined value.
(2) A method in which the sealing portion of the laminate outer package opens when the internal pressure of the battery reaches a predetermined value.
[0005]
However, the above methods (1) and (2) have the following problems.
Problem of the method (1) The method (1) requires a new material that constitutes the pressure release valve, and also requires a new work step of attaching the pressure release valve to the battery. The problem that soars.
[0006]
Problem of the method (2) In the method (2), when the internal pressure of the battery reaches a predetermined value, the sealing portion of the laminate exterior body opens, and moisture normally enters the battery. However, it is difficult to find a sealing material and a sealing condition that satisfy both of them.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and uses a battery by which the battery bursts without causing an increase in the manufacturing cost of the battery and without requiring strict sealing conditions. An object of the present invention is to provide a thin battery capable of preventing damage to a damaged device.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is such that a power generation element comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator is placed in a storage space of a laminate outer package that is deformed by a slight increase in battery internal pressure. In a thin battery having a structure in which a positive electrode tab is connected to the positive electrode and a negative electrode tab is connected to the negative electrode, and both tabs protrude from the battery, one of the tabs is One external electrode is also used, and the other tab is at least partially made of a thin metal foil and is disposed at a position corresponding to the storage space outside the battery. Due to the deformation of the laminate outer package as the battery internal pressure increases, It is characterized by being connected to the other external electrode through a safety piece to be cut and leads electrically connected to both ends of the safety piece.
[0009]
With such a configuration, in the case of overcharging or the like, when the internal pressure of the battery increases and the battery (storage space) expands, the thin metal foil disposed at a position corresponding to the storage space is provided. The safety piece is cut. Therefore, further charging is prevented, so that the battery internal pressure does not increase to a level at which the battery bursts.
[0010]
In addition, since a new material that constitutes the pressure release valve is not required, and a work process for attaching the pressure release valve to the battery is not required, the problem that the manufacturing cost of the battery increases can be solved.
In addition, since the sealing conditions and the like are relaxed, it is possible to prevent the battery from bursting reliably while preventing moisture from entering the battery and preventing the electrolyte from leaking.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the safety piece has a band shape.
[0012]
The invention described in claim 3 is the invention described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that both ends of the safety piece are fixed to the exterior body.
In this way, if both ends of the safety piece are fixed to the exterior body, the safety piece is surely cut when the battery internal pressure increases, and thus the above-described effect is further exhibited.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the thickness of the thin metal foil portion of the safety piece is 0.5 mm or less .
The reason for this restriction is that the metal foil portion may not be cut when the thickness of the thin metal foil portion exceeds 0.5 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the thin metal foil portion is 0.1 mm or less.
[0014]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first, second, third or fourth aspect of the invention, the width of the thin metal foil portion of the safety piece is equal to or less than the battery width .
The reason for this restriction is that the metal foil part may not be cut if the width of the thin metal foil part exceeds the battery width. Preferably, the width of the thin metal foil portion is 5.0 mm or less.
[0015]
The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the thin metal foil portion of the safety piece is disposed at a substantially central portion corresponding to the storage space. It is characterized by.
In the substantially central portion of the position corresponding to the storage space, when the battery swells, the swelling becomes the largest and the safety piece is surely cut, so the above effect is further exhibited.
[0016]
The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein a cut is formed in a thin metal foil portion of the safety piece.
The invention described in claim 8 is the invention described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that a constriction is formed in a thin metal foil portion of the safety piece.
[0017]
The invention according to claim 9 is the invention according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein a perforation is formed in a thin metal foil portion of the safety piece.
The invention described in claim 10 is the invention described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein a hole is formed in a thin metal foil portion of the safety piece.
If it is the structure of the said Claims 7-10, since a safety piece will be cut | disconnected more reliably, said effect will be exhibited further.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[First embodiment]
The 1st form of this invention is demonstrated below based on FIGS. 1-4.
1 is a front view of a thin battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the thin battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a thin battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a laminate outer package.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 3, the thin battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode 1 mainly composed of LiCoO 2 , a negative electrode 2 mainly composed of natural graphite, and a separator that separates both electrodes (not shown in FIG. 3). A positive electrode tab 8 made of aluminum is connected to the positive electrode 1, and a negative electrode tab 9 made of nickel is connected to the negative electrode 2. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the power generation element 4 is disposed in a storage space 5. The storage space 5 includes a sealing portion 7 a. It is formed by sealing with 7b and 7c. In the storage space 5, LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 is 0 in each mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7. An electrolyte in which LiPF 6 is dissolved at a rate of .95M (mol / liter) and a rate of 0.05M is injected.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 4, the specific structure of the laminate outer package 6 has an adhesive layer (thickness: 2 μm) 25 made of urethane adhesive on one surface of an aluminum layer (thickness: 30 μm) 21. On the other hand, a nylon layer (thickness: 25 μm) 22 is bonded, and a polyethylene terephthalate layer (thickness: 12 μm) 23 is bonded to the nylon layer 22 via an adhesive layer (thickness: 2 μm) 26 made of urethane adhesive. A polypropylene layer (thickness: 40 μm) 24 is bonded to the other surface of the aluminum layer 21 via an adhesive layer (thickness: 2 μm) 27 made of modified polypropylene.
[0021]
Here, the positive electrode tab 8 and the negative electrode tab 9 protrude from the sealing portion 7 a of the laminate outer package 6. The positive electrode tab 8 also serves as the external terminal on the positive electrode side, while the negative electrode tab 9 does not serve as the external terminal on the negative electrode side, and an external terminal 13 on the negative electrode side is newly provided. The negative electrode tab 9 and the negative electrode side external terminal 13 include a lead 10 connected to the tip of the negative electrode tab 9 bent in a substantially U shape, a lead 11 connected to the negative electrode side external terminal 13, and It has a structure in which these leads 10 and 11 are electrically connected by a safety piece 12 connecting the leads 10 and 11. The safety piece 12 is made of a thin metal foil having a thickness of 20 μm, and is fixed to the laminate outer package 6 in the vicinity of both ends thereof.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 1, the size of the battery is such that the width L 1 is 80 mm and the length L 2 is 91 mm, and the widths L 3. L 4 is 5 mm, and the width L 5 of the sealing portion 7 c is 10 mm. The width L 6 of the safety piece 12 is configured to be 10 mm.
[0023]
Here, the battery having the above structure was produced as follows.
First, LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material, acetylene black as a conductive agent, graphite, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder are mixed at a weight ratio of 90: 2: 3: 5. After preparing the mixture, this positive electrode mixture was applied to both surfaces of a strip-like positive electrode core made of aluminum, and further rolled and dried to prepare the positive electrode 1.
[0024]
In parallel with this, after preparing a negative electrode mixture by mixing natural graphite as a negative electrode active material and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder in a weight ratio of 90:10, this negative electrode mixture was The negative electrode 2 was produced by applying the film on both sides of a strip-shaped negative electrode core made of copper, further drying and rolling.
Next, after attaching the positive electrode tab 8 and the negative electrode tab 9 to these positive and negative electrodes 1 and 2, respectively, the positive and negative electrodes 1 and 2 are arranged via a separator. Thereafter, the positive and negative electrodes 1 and 2 and the separator were wound into a flat spiral shape to produce a power generation element 4 as shown in FIG. 3 (the separator is omitted in FIG. 3).
[0025]
Next, after preparing a laminate material (91 mm × 170 mm) having a 7-layer structure, the polypropylene at both ends of the laminate material are overlapped with each other, and the overlapped portion is welded by an impulse heating method to form a sealing portion 7c. did. Next, the power generation element 4 was inserted into the storage space 5 of the cylindrical laminate material. At this time, the power generation element 4 was arranged so that the tabs 8 and 9 protrude from one opening of the cylindrical laminate material. Next, in this state, the laminate material of the opening from which both tabs 8 and 9 protruded was welded and sealed to form a sealing portion 7a. At this time, welding was performed using a high frequency induction heating apparatus.
[0026]
Next, in this state, vacuum heating and drying (temperature: 105 ° C.) was performed for 2 hours to remove moisture from the laminate material and the power generation element 4. Thereafter, in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate are mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7, the ratio of LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 is 0.95 M (mol / liter), LiPF A mixture of a prepolymer and an electrolytic solution in which 6 was dissolved at a rate of 0.05 M was injected. Thereafter, the end portion of the laminate material opposite to the sealing portion 4a was welded using a high frequency induction welding apparatus to form the sealing portion 4b.
[0027]
Finally, a negative electrode-side external terminal 13 is attached to the laminate outer package 6, a lead 10 is connected to the negative electrode tab 9, a lead 11 is connected to the negative electrode-side external terminal 13, and both ends of these leads 10, 11 are connected to both ends. Connected the safety piece 12 fixed to the laminate outer package 6. Thereby, a thin battery is produced.
[0028]
[Second form]
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on FIGS.
FIG. 5 is a front view of a thin battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a side view of the thin battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the member which has the same function as the said 1st form, and the description is abbreviate | omitted. The same applies to the following forms.
As shown in FIG.5 and FIG.6, it is the structure similar to the thin battery of the said 1st form except forming the constriction 16 * 16 in the safety piece 12, and making the safety piece 12 easy to cut | disconnect.
[0029]
[Third embodiment]
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 7 is a front view of a thin battery according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a side view of the thin battery according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the configuration is the same as that of the thin battery of the first embodiment except that a perforation 17 is formed on the safety piece 12 to facilitate the cutting of the safety piece 12.
[0030]
[Fourth form]
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on FIG. 9 and FIG.
FIG. 9 is a front view of a thin battery according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a side view of the thin battery according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the configuration is the same as that of the thin battery of the first embodiment except that the safety pieces 12 are formed with cuts 18 and 18 to facilitate the cutting of the safety pieces 12.
[0031]
[Fifth embodiment]
A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 11 is a front view of a thin battery according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 12 is a side view of the thin battery according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG.11 and FIG.12, it is the structure similar to the thin battery of the said 1st form except forming the void | hole 19 ... in the safety piece 12, and making the safety piece 12 easy to cut | disconnect.
[0032]
In the above five embodiments, the thin metal foil is used as the safety piece. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and only a part of the metal foil may be thin and the other part may be a thick metal. In this way, the thick metal part does not deform so much even if the battery swells, so that it is not necessary to fix both ends of the safety piece to the laminate exterior body, making it easier to manufacture a thin battery, There is also an advantage that the resistance of the piece is reduced.
[0033]
In the above five embodiments, the positive electrode tab also serves as the positive electrode external terminal, and the negative electrode tab does not serve as the negative electrode external terminal. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. May also serve as an external terminal on the negative electrode side, and the positive electrode tab may not serve as an external terminal on the positive electrode side. In this case, two leads and a safety piece are provided on the positive electrode side.
Furthermore, the exterior body is not limited to the laminate exterior body, and the present invention can be applied to any exterior body that is deformed by a slight increase in battery internal pressure.
[0034]
In addition to the above LiCoO 2 , for example, LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4, or a composite thereof is preferably used as the positive electrode material, and as the negative electrode material, in addition to the above carbon material, lithium metal, lithium alloy Alternatively, a metal oxide (such as tin oxide) is preferably used. Furthermore, the solvent of the electrolytic solution is not limited to the above, but a solution having a relatively high relative dielectric constant such as propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxy A solvent prepared by mixing a low-viscosity low-boiling solvent such as ethane, 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, and diethyl ether in an appropriate ratio can be used. As the electrolyte of the electrolyte solution, addition such as the LiPF 6, it can be used LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 or the like.
[0035]
【Example】
[Example 1]
As Example 1, the battery shown in the first embodiment was used.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A1.
[Example 2]
As Example 2, the battery shown in the second embodiment was used.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A2.
[0036]
Example 3
As Example 3, the battery shown in the third embodiment was used.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A3.
Example 4
As Example 4, the battery shown in the fourth embodiment was used.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A4.
[0037]
Example 5
As Example 5, the battery shown in the fifth embodiment was used.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A5.
[0038]
[Comparative Example 1]
As shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the positive electrode tab 8 also serves as the external terminal on the positive electrode side, and the negative electrode tab 9 also serves as the external terminal on the negative electrode side (no safety piece and lead are provided). A battery was produced in the same manner as the thin battery of Example 1 above. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the member which has the same function as Example 1. FIG.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as comparative battery X1.
[0039]
[Comparative Example 2]
A battery was fabricated in the same manner as the thin battery of Example 1 except that a 1.0 mm thick Ni—Al clad material was used as the safety piece 12.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as comparative battery X2.
[0040]
[Comparative Example 3]
As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, a battery was fabricated in the same manner as the thin battery of Example 1 except that the safety piece 12 was provided on the sealing portion 7b. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the member which has the same function as Example 1. FIG.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as comparative battery X3.
[0041]
[Experiment]
The present invention batteries A1 to A5 and comparative batteries X1 to X3 were overcharged with a current of 2 C, and it was examined whether or not each battery burst. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0042]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004175725
[0043]
As is clear from Table 1, it can be seen that the batteries were ruptured in the comparative batteries X1 to X3, whereas the batteries of the present invention batteries A1 to A5 were not ruptured at all.
[0044]
This is because the comparative battery X1 is not provided with a safety piece, so that the charged state is maintained even when overcharged, and the comparative battery X2 is provided with a safety piece, but since it is too thick, it functions as a safety piece. In the comparative battery X3, there is a safety piece on the sealing part that does not cause the battery to swell, and it cannot be used as a safety piece. Sometimes the state of charge continues. On the other hand, in the present invention batteries A1 to A5, the safety piece is arranged at a position corresponding to the storage space where the battery bulges when overcharged, and the safety piece is very thin. This is probably because the battery is disconnected and the state of charge ends.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, such as a device using a battery by which the battery is ruptured without causing an increase in the manufacturing cost of the battery and without requiring strict sealing conditions. It has an excellent effect of preventing damage.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a thin battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view of the thin battery according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a power generation element used in a battery. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a laminate outer package used in a thin battery according to the first embodiment of the invention. Fig. 5 is a front view of a thin battery according to the second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6 is a side view of a thin battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a front view of the thin battery according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a front view of a thin battery according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a side view of a thin battery according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a side view of a thin battery according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a front view of a thin battery according to Comparative Example 1. Figure 14 is a side view of a thin battery according to a front view and FIG. 16 Comparative Example 3 thin battery according to a side view and FIG. 15 Comparative Example 3 thin battery according to Comparative Example 1 [Description of symbols]
1: Positive electrode 2: Negative electrode 4: Power generation element 5: Storage space 6: Laminate exterior 8: Positive electrode tab 9: Negative electrode tab 10: Lead 11: Lead 12: Safety piece 13: External terminal on the negative electrode side

Claims (10)

正極と負極とセパレータとからなる発電要素が、僅かな電池内圧の上昇によって変形するラミネート外装体の収納空間内に収納され、且つ上記正極には正極タブが、上記負極には負極タブが、それぞれ接続されると共に、これら両タブが電池外に突出する構造の薄型電池において、
上記両タブのうち一方のタブは一方の外部電極を兼用し、他方のタブは、少なくとも一部が薄い金属箔から成ると共に電池外部における上記収納空間に対応する位置に配置され、電池内圧の上昇に伴う上記ラミネート外装体の変形により切断される安全片と、この安全片の両端に電気的に接続されるリードとを介して他方の外部電極と接続されることを特徴とする薄型電池。
A power generation element composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator is stored in a storage space of a laminate outer package that is deformed by a slight increase in battery internal pressure, and the positive electrode has a positive electrode tab, the negative electrode has a negative electrode tab, In a thin battery with a structure in which both tabs are connected and project outside the battery,
One of the two tabs also serves as one external electrode, and the other tab is at least partially made of a thin metal foil and disposed at a position corresponding to the storage space outside the battery to increase the internal pressure of the battery. A thin battery characterized in that it is connected to the other external electrode via a safety piece that is cut by deformation of the laminate outer body accompanying this and leads that are electrically connected to both ends of the safety piece.
上記安全片が帯状である、請求項1記載の薄型電池。 The thin battery according to claim 1 , wherein the safety piece has a strip shape. 上記安全片の両端は上記外装体に固定されている、請求項1又は2記載の薄型電池。  The thin battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein both ends of the safety piece are fixed to the exterior body. 上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分の厚みが0.5mm以下である、請求項1、2又は3記載の薄型電池。The thin battery according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the thickness of the thin metal foil portion of the safety piece is 0.5 mm or less . 上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分の幅が電池幅以下である、請求項1、2、3又は4記載の薄型電池。The thin battery according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the width of the thin metal foil portion of the safety piece is equal to or less than the battery width . 上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分は、収納空間に対応する位置の略中央部に配置される、請求項1、2、3、4又は5記載の薄型電池。  The thin battery according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the thin metal foil portion of the safety piece is disposed at a substantially central portion at a position corresponding to the storage space. 上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分に切り込みが形成されている請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の薄型電池。  The thin battery according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein a cut is formed in a thin metal foil portion of the safety piece. 上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分にくびれが形成されている請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の薄型電池。  The thin battery according to claim 1, wherein a constriction is formed in a thin metal foil portion of the safety piece. 上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分にミシン目が形成されている請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の薄型電池。  The thin battery according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein a perforation is formed in a thin metal foil portion of the safety piece. 上記安全片の薄い金属箔部分に空孔が形成されている請求項1、2、3、4、5又は6記載の薄型電池。  The thin battery according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein a hole is formed in a thin metal foil portion of the safety piece.
JP09334499A 1999-03-31 1999-03-31 Thin battery Expired - Lifetime JP4175725B2 (en)

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JP4736189B2 (en) * 2001-01-18 2011-07-27 大日本印刷株式会社 Lithium-ion battery packaging materials
JP4228177B2 (en) * 2002-04-24 2009-02-25 日本電気株式会社 Secondary battery and battery using the same
KR100579377B1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-12 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Secondary battery
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