JP4174818B2 - Granulated soil - Google Patents

Granulated soil Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4174818B2
JP4174818B2 JP2002295914A JP2002295914A JP4174818B2 JP 4174818 B2 JP4174818 B2 JP 4174818B2 JP 2002295914 A JP2002295914 A JP 2002295914A JP 2002295914 A JP2002295914 A JP 2002295914A JP 4174818 B2 JP4174818 B2 JP 4174818B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
soil
cement
acid
granulated
hydraulic material
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JP2004131550A (en
Inventor
正人 清田
幸尚 岸本
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、粒状化処理土に関し、更に詳しくは本発明は、建築又は土木の分野で使用し得る、経済的な粒状化処理土に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
建設発生土や建設汚泥乃至土木汚泥を有効に利用する技術の一つに、粒状化処理工法がある。この工法は、建設発生土や建設汚泥乃至土木汚泥にセメントやセメント系固化材等の水硬性材料と吸水性高分子剤を添加混合し、改良土を形成すると共にこの改良土の造粒物を製造する工法であり、特開平11−43362号公報に開示されている。この公報に開示された工法に用いる粒状化処理用固化性混合物は、水ガラスやアルミン酸ソーダ等の無機系急結剤の弊害を防止するために、水ガラスやアルミン酸ソーダに代えてアルミナセメントを用いるものであって、アルミナセメント、吸水性高分子物質、生石灰及びセメント系固化材からなるものである。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、前述のごとき粒状化処理用固化性混合物を用いる粒状化処理工法は、粒状化させるためには吸水性高分子物質が必要となり、更に短時間で強度を得る場合には、前述のごとき急結剤乃至急結促進剤を必要とする。その上、これらの材料は、アルカリ性であり、人体や植物等に悪影響を及ぼすばかりでなく、高価であるためコストアップは免れず採算性にも問題がある。そこで、本発明者等は、このような問題点について種々検討したところ、軟弱土に水硬性材料と酸を添加することにより、吸水性高分子物質を使用しないで砂質化した団粒化物の状態である、いわゆる粒状化処理された改良土が安価に得られ、また急結促進剤を使用しないので、人体や植物等に悪影響を及ぼすことがない改良土が得られることを見出し、ここに本発明をするに至った。
【0004】
したがって、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、吸水性高分子物質や急結促進剤を必要とすることなく、土木工事で得られた建設発生土や建設汚泥等の軟弱土を埋戻し材として再利用し得ると共に、急結促進剤を必要としないので、人体や植物等に悪影響を及ぼすことのない、大幅なコスト低減を図ることができる安価な粒状化処理土を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の上記課題は、以下の各発明によってそれぞれ達成される。
【0006】
軟弱土に、セメント・石灰類、ポルトランドセメント、混合セメント、セメント系固化材、特殊セメント並びに、消石灰及び石膏を1種類以上から選択された少なくとも1種の水硬性材料及び該水硬性材料100重量部に対して、硫酸、リン酸及び硝酸から選択された少なくとも1種類以上の酸10〜100重量部を添加して得られた改良土のpHが11.7〜12.0であることを特徴とする粒状化処理土。
【0007】
本発明の粒状化処理土は、軟弱土に水硬性材料及び少なくとも1種類以上の酸を添加することを特徴とするものであり、このように酸の添加により、吸水性高分子物質や急結促進剤を必要としないで、土木工事で得られた建設発生土や建設汚泥等の軟弱土を埋戻し材として再利用し得ると共に、大幅なコスト低減を図ることができる安価な粒状化処理土を得ることができる。また水硬性材料がセメント・石灰類、ポルトランドセメント、混合セメント、セメント系固化材、特殊セメント並びに、消石灰及び石膏を1種類以上から選択された少なくとも1種であることにより、酸と組み合わせて良好な埋戻し材としての粒状化処理土を得ることができる。更に水硬性材料100重量部に対して酸を10〜100重量部添加することにより、十分な粒状化効果が得られると共に人体や植物等に悪影響を及ぼすことのない改良土が得られる。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の粒状化処理土について、その実施の形態を説明するが、本発明は、これらの例によって限定されるものではない。本発明の粒状化処理土は、一般的な地盤改良工法に使用することができる。本発明において用いられる軟弱土としては、特に限定されるものではないが、水分を多く含んだ泥土状土壌であり、例えば、泥土状粘性土、建設現場からでる建設発生土や建設汚泥等の軟弱土が挙げられる。これらの軟弱土は、含水比50%以上を含むものが使用対象にされる。
【0009】
本発明に用いられる水硬性材料としては、特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは、セメント・石灰類、ポルトランドセメント、混合セメント、セメント系固化材、特殊セメント並びに、生石灰、消石灰及び石膏を1種類以上から選択された少なくとも1種である。混合セメントとしては、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、シリカセメント等が挙げられる。本発明に用いられるセメント・石灰類としては、セメントに生石灰、消石灰等の石灰類を混合したものが挙げられる。更に特殊セメントとしては、アルミナセメント、C2 S系特殊セメント〔2CaO・SiO2 (ベリット)セメントのクリンカー鉱物名〕、超速硬セメント、カルシウムサルホアルミネート系特殊セメント等が挙げられる。これらはそれぞれ単独で用いてもまた2種以上を混合して使用してもよい。軟弱土に添加する水硬性材料の量は、一般的な地盤改良の際、用いられる水硬性材料の量と同様でよく、具体的には、軟弱土1m3 に対して水硬性材料50〜300kgが混合される。
【0010】
本発明では、軟弱土に水硬性材料及び少なくとも1種以上の酸を混合して粒状化処理土された改良土が製造されるが、これらの成分の混合順序は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、軟弱土と水硬性材料を混合した後、酸を添加混合する方法、軟弱土と酸を混合した後、水硬性材料を添加混合する方法、軟弱土と水硬性材料及び酸を同時に添加混合する方法等があり、これらのいずれでもよい。本発明に用いられる酸としては、硫酸、リン酸又は硝酸が挙げられる。これらの硫酸、リン酸又は硝酸は単独で用いてもまた2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。2種以上の酸を混合する場合、酸の種類に関係なく任意の順序で添加してもよい。好ましくは硫酸又はリン酸であるが、土質の種類、固化材の種類及び固化材の添加量の違い、酸の種類乃至添加量等の諸条件によっては、硝酸や塩酸等を使用してもよいことは言うまでもない。
【0011】
酸としての添加量は、濃度、対象土壌又は混合機械等によっても異なるが、通常、水硬性材料100重量部に対して1〜100重量部の範囲であり、好ましくは10〜100重量部であり、更に好ましくは10〜50重量部である。酸の添加量が1重量部未満では、実質的に粒状化されず、粒状化の効果が極めて低い。また酸の添加量が100重量部を越えると、酸濃度が高くなり危険性がある。酸の使用に際しては、原液のままでは、酸が強いため取扱いに十分注意し、火傷等に注意を払う必要があるが、実際には、酸を1〜100倍の範囲で希釈して使用することが好ましいが、より好ましくは酸の希釈濃度は、2〜10倍に薄めて使用するのがよい。10倍を越えて希釈して使用しても効果は低減する。
【0012】
本発明の粒状化処理土において、酸として硫酸を使用した場合、硫酸からの硫酸イオンと水硬性材料からのカルシウムイオンが反応して石膏が形成される。酸としてリン酸を使用した場合には、リン酸からのリン酸イオンと水硬性材料からのカルシウムイオンが反応し、リン酸カルシウムが形成される。いずれの反応においても結晶水による吸水作用かつ中和熱による発熱・蒸発作用により、軟弱土中の水分を吸収することで塑性の状態となり、固化される過程において粒状化の状態を呈する。また固化材の水和反応、固化材中のカルシウムと土中のシリカ、アルミニウム分とのポゾラン反応によりカルシウムシリケート、カルシウムアルミネート等の水和物が長期的に生成し、強度を増強し、水の侵食に対しても安定した粒子を作る。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の実施例を挙げて更に詳しく説明するが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではない。
【0014】
〔実施例1〕対象土として、泥土状の粘性土(東京湾で採取、湿潤密度1.562g/cm3 、含水比87.9%)を用い、材料は、一般軟弱土用セメント系固化材であるユースタビラー10(宇部三菱セメント(株)製、記号US10)、生石灰(菱光石灰工業(株)製、記号CaO)、硫酸(関東化学工業(株)製)、リン酸(関東化学工業(株)製)、硝酸(関東化学工業(株)製)、吸水性高分子剤ソイルハード(三菱化学(株)製、記号SH)、急結促進剤には珪酸ソーダ2号粉末(日本化学(株)製、記号SS)を使用した。
【0015】
湿潤土1m3 に対し、表1に示されている固化材(US10)および材料を添加(水/固化材=0)し、ホバート型ミキサーで10分間混合した。粒状化の状態を目視により、判定基準を判定印、○、△及び×の3段階で判定した。その後、直径10cmモールドを用いて、「突固めによる土の締固め試験(JIS A 1210)」に準拠して供試体を作製し、材齢3時間、3日で「締固めたコーン指数試験(JIS A 1228)」を実施した。試験結果を表1に示す。なお、判定基準は、○は、混合容器への付着も少なく十分粒状化したもの。△は、ミキサーのパドルにより押しつけられて混合容器に付着するものが多いが、十分粒状化されていると判断したもの。×は、改良後も団子状またはブリージングがあり、粒状化の気配が見られないもの。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0004174818
【0017】
表1から明らかなように、泥土状の粘性土は硫酸やリン酸及び硝酸の作用によりいずれも粒状に改良され、直ちに運搬可能な状態になった。材齢3時間のコーン指数は、比較例の吸水性高分子材のソイルハードと急結促進剤の珪酸ソーダを添加した改良土と比較し、本発明の硫酸又はリン酸を添加した改良土の方が高いことがわかった。また本発明の硫酸又はリン酸を添加した改良土のpHは12程度であり、酸の溶出の心配はないことが確認された。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明の粒状化処理土は、軟弱土に水硬性材料及び少なくとも1種類以上の酸を添加することにより、吸水性高分子物質や急結促進剤を必要とすることなく、土木工事で得られた建設発生土や建設汚泥等の軟弱土を埋戻し材として再利用し得ると共に、大幅なコスト低減を図ることができるという格別顕著な効果を奏するものである。また水硬性材料がセメント・石灰類、ポルトランドセメント、混合セメント、セメント系固化材、特殊セメント並びに、消石灰及び石膏を1種類以上から選択された少なくとも1種であることにより、酸と組み合わせて良好な埋戻し材としての粒状化処理土を得ることができる。更に水硬性材料100重量部に対して酸を10〜100重量部添加することにより、十分な粒状化効果が得られると共に人体や植物等に悪影響を及ぼすことのない改良土が得られる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a granulation process earth, more particularly the present invention may be used in the field of architecture or civil engineering, it relates to an economical granulation treated soil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
One of the techniques for effectively using construction generated soil, construction sludge or civil sludge is a granulation treatment method. In this method, construction-generated soil, construction sludge, or civil engineering sludge is mixed with a hydraulic material such as cement or cement-based solidifying material and a water-absorbing polymer to form improved soil, and the granulated material of this improved soil is added. This manufacturing method is disclosed in JP-A-11-43362. The solidifying mixture for granulation treatment used in the method disclosed in this publication is an alumina cement instead of water glass or sodium aluminate in order to prevent the harmful effects of inorganic quick-setting agents such as water glass and sodium aluminate. And comprising an alumina cement, a water-absorbing polymer substance, quicklime and a cement-based solidified material.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the granulation treatment method using the solidification mixture for granulation treatment as described above requires a water-absorbing polymer material for granulation, and when obtaining strength in a short time, it is abrupt as described above. A binder or quick setting accelerator is required. In addition, these materials are alkaline and not only adversely affect the human body and plants, but also are expensive, so there is a problem in profitability because of an increase in cost. Therefore, the present inventors have made various studies on such problems, and as a result of adding a hydraulic material and an acid to soft soil, the aggregated material that has become sandy without using a water-absorbing polymer substance. The so-called granulated treated improved soil, which is in a state, is obtained at a low cost, and since an accelerator is not used, it is found that improved soil that does not adversely affect the human body or plants can be obtained. It came to make this invention.
[0004]
Therefore, that challenges to the present invention is trying to solve, without the need for a water-absorbent polymer material and quick-promoting agent, backfill the soft soil, such as construction waste soil and construction sludge obtained in civil engineering To provide an inexpensive granulated soil that can be reused as a material and does not require an accelerator, so that it does not adversely affect the human body, plants, etc., and can greatly reduce costs. is there.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above-described problems of the present invention are achieved by the following inventions.
[0006]
At least one hydraulic material selected from one or more kinds of cement / limes, Portland cement, mixed cement, cement-based solidified material , special cement, and slaked lime and gypsum, and 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic material On the other hand, the pH of the improved soil obtained by adding 10 to 100 parts by weight of at least one acid selected from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid is 11.7 to 12.0. Granulated treated soil.
[0007]
The granulated treated soil of the present invention is characterized in that a hydraulic material and at least one kind of acid are added to soft soil. Thus, by adding an acid, a water-absorbing polymer substance or a quick setting is obtained. Inexpensive granulated soil that can recycle soft soil such as construction generated soil and construction sludge obtained by civil engineering work as a backfill material without requiring an accelerator, and can greatly reduce costs. Can be obtained. Also hydraulic material is cement-lime acids, portland cement, mixed cement, cement-based solidifying material, special cement and, by at least one selected slaked lime and gypsum from 1 or more, excellent in combination with an acid Granulated soil as a suitable backfill material can be obtained. Furthermore, by adding 10 to 100 parts by weight of an acid with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic material, an improved soil that can provide a sufficient granulation effect and does not adversely affect the human body, plants and the like is obtained.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Below, with the granulation process soil of the present invention is a description of embodiments thereof, the present invention is not way limited by these examples. The granulated soil of the present invention can be used for a general ground improvement method. The soft soil used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is a mud soil containing a lot of water, for example, mud clay soil, soft soil such as construction generated soil and construction sludge from the construction site. Soil is listed. These soft soils include those containing a water content of 50% or more.
[0009]
The hydraulic material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably cement / limes, Portland cement, mixed cement, cement-based solidified material , special cement, and quick lime, slaked lime and gypsum. It is at least one selected from more than one type. Examples of the mixed cement include blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, and silica cement. As cement and lime used for this invention, what mixed limes, such as quick lime and slaked lime, with a cement is mentioned. Further, examples of the special cement include alumina cement, C 2 S type special cement [2CaO · SiO 2 (Berit) cement clinker mineral name], super-hard cement, calcium sulfoaluminate type special cement, and the like. These may be used alone or in admixture of two or more. The amount of the hydraulic material added to the soft soil may be the same as the amount of the hydraulic material used in general ground improvement. Specifically, the hydraulic material is 50 to 300 kg with respect to 1 m 3 of the soft soil. Are mixed.
[0010]
In the present invention, improved soil is produced by mixing a hydraulic material and at least one acid in soft soil and granulated, but the mixing order of these components is not particularly limited. For example, after mixing soft soil and hydraulic material, adding acid, mixing soft soil and acid, then adding hydraulic material, mixing soft soil, hydraulic material and acid at the same time There is a method of mixing, and any of these may be used. Examples of the acid used in the present invention include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid. These sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds of acids are mixed, they may be added in any order regardless of the kind of the acid. Sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid is preferred, but nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or the like may be used depending on various conditions such as soil type, type of solidifying material, difference in amount of solidifying material added, type of acid or amount added, etc. Needless to say.
[0011]
The amount added as an acid varies depending on the concentration, target soil, mixing machine, or the like, but is usually in the range of 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic material. More preferably, it is 10 to 50 parts by weight. When the amount of the acid added is less than 1 part by weight, it is not substantially granulated and the granulation effect is extremely low. On the other hand, if the amount of acid added exceeds 100 parts by weight, there is a danger that the acid concentration becomes high. When using the acid, the acid solution is strong as it is, so it is necessary to be careful when handling it and pay attention to burns, etc. In practice, however, the acid should be diluted in the range of 1 to 100 times. Although it is preferable, it is more preferable to dilute the acid diluted concentration by 2 to 10 times. Even if diluted over 10 times, the effect is reduced.
[0012]
Oite the granulation process soil of the present invention, when using sulfuric acid as the acid, gypsum is formed by the reaction of calcium ions from sulfate ions and hydraulic material from sulfuric acid. When phosphoric acid is used as the acid, phosphate ions from phosphoric acid and calcium ions from the hydraulic material react to form calcium phosphate. In any reaction, the water absorption by the crystal water and the heat generation / evaporation by the heat of neutralization absorb the moisture in the soft soil, thereby forming a plastic state and exhibiting a granular state in the solidification process. In addition, hydrates such as calcium silicate and calcium aluminate are formed over a long period of time due to the hydration reaction of the solidified material and the pozzolan reaction between calcium in the solidified material and silica in the soil and aluminum. Creates stable particles against erosion.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0014]
[Example 1] As a target soil, mud-like viscous soil (collected in Tokyo Bay, wet density 1.562 g / cm 3 , moisture content 87.9%) was used, and the material was a cement-based solidified material for general soft soil. Youth tabila 10 (Ube Mitsubishi Cement Co., Ltd., symbol US10), quick lime (Ryokko Lime Industry Co., Ltd., symbol CaO), sulfuric acid (Kanto Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), phosphoric acid (Kanto Chemical Industry ( Co., Ltd.), nitric acid (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), water-absorbing polymer agent Soil Hard (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., symbol SH), and quick setting accelerators containing sodium silicate powder (Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd., symbol SS) was used.
[0015]
To 1 m 3 of wet soil, the solidifying material (US10) and materials shown in Table 1 were added (water / solidifying material = 0) and mixed for 10 minutes with a Hobart mixer. The state of granulation was visually determined, and the determination criteria were determined in three stages: determination mark, ◯, Δ, and ×. After that, using a 10 cm diameter mold, a specimen was prepared according to “Sort compaction test by tamping (JIS A 1210)”, and “Consolidated cone index test ( JIS A 1228) ”was carried out. The test results are shown in Table 1. In addition, as for the judgment standard, ○ is a material that is sufficiently granulated with little adhesion to the mixing container. △ is judged to be sufficiently granulated, although it is often pressed by the paddle of the mixer and adheres to the mixing container. X indicates that there is a dumpling or breathing after improvement and no sign of granulation is observed.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004174818
[0017]
As is clear from Table 1, the mud-like viscous soil was improved to be granular by the action of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and was immediately transportable. The corn index at the age of 3 hours is compared with the improved soil added with the soil hard of the water-absorbing polymer material of the comparative example and the sodium silicate of the quick setting accelerator, and the improved soil added with sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid of the present invention. I found that it was higher. Moreover, the pH of the improved soil to which sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid of the present invention was added was about 12, and it was confirmed that there was no worry of acid elution.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
The granulated treated soil of the present invention can be obtained by civil engineering work by adding a hydraulic material and at least one kind of acid to soft soil, without requiring a water-absorbing polymer substance or an accelerator. In addition, soft soil such as construction generated soil and construction sludge can be reused as a backfill material, and a significant cost reduction can be achieved. Also, the hydraulic material is at least one selected from one or more of cement / limes, Portland cement, mixed cement, cement-based solidified material , special cement, and slaked lime and gypsum. Granulated soil as a backfill material can be obtained. Furthermore, by adding 10 to 100 parts by weight of an acid with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic material, an improved soil that can provide a sufficient granulation effect and does not adversely affect the human body, plants and the like is obtained.

Claims (1)

軟弱土に、セメント・石灰類、ポルトランドセメント、混合セメント、セメント系固化材、特殊セメント並びに、消石灰及び石膏を1種類以上から選択された少なくとも1種の水硬性材料及び該水硬性材料100重量部に対して、硫酸、リン酸及び硝酸から選択された少なくとも1種類以上の酸10〜100重量部を添加して得られた改良土のpHが11.7〜12.0であることを特徴とする粒状化処理土。At least one hydraulic material selected from one or more kinds of cement / limes, Portland cement, mixed cement, cement-based solidified material , special cement, and slaked lime and gypsum, and 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic material On the other hand, the pH of the improved soil obtained by adding 10 to 100 parts by weight of at least one acid selected from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid is 11.7 to 12.0. Granulated treated soil.
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