JP4145271B2 - Image reading device - Google Patents
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- JP4145271B2 JP4145271B2 JP2004190267A JP2004190267A JP4145271B2 JP 4145271 B2 JP4145271 B2 JP 4145271B2 JP 2004190267 A JP2004190267 A JP 2004190267A JP 2004190267 A JP2004190267 A JP 2004190267A JP 4145271 B2 JP4145271 B2 JP 4145271B2
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、ファクシミリ、複写機、スキャナ装置等の画像読取装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an image reading apparatus such as a facsimile, a copying machine, and a scanner apparatus.
正立等倍レンズを組み込んだ密着型のイメージセンサは、縮小タイプに比べて部品点数が少なく薄くすることができるため、ファクシミリ、コピー機、ハンドスキャナー等の画像読取装置(イメージセンサユニット)として用いられている。 The contact type image sensor incorporating an erecting equal-magnification lens has fewer parts and can be made thinner than the reduction type, so it can be used as an image reading device (image sensor unit) for facsimiles, copiers, hand scanners, etc. It has been.
特許文献1及び特許文献2には上記の画像読取装置が開示されており、概略構成を図5に基づいて説明すると、筐体100内に導光体101を収納したケース102と、ロッドレンズからなるレンズアレイ103を配置し、上部にカバーガラス104を設け、下部にラインイメージセンサ(受光素子)105を配置した基板106を取り付け、導光体101の出射面から出射した照明光を、カバーガラス104を通して原稿に照射し、その反射光をレンズアレイ103を介してラインイメージセンサ105にて検出することで、原稿を読み取る。
上記した密着型の画像読取装置の場合、原稿の浮きに起因する解像度の低下が問題となる。即ち、本などを開いてガラス板(原稿台)の上に載せると、どうしても頁間部分(喉部)が浮いてしまう。同様に原稿にシワや折り目がある場合にも浮きが生じる。 In the case of the contact-type image reading apparatus described above, there is a problem that the resolution is lowered due to the floating of the document. That is, when a book or the like is opened and placed on a glass plate (original table), the inter-page portion (throat portion) inevitably floats. Similarly, when the document has wrinkles or creases, the float is generated.
しかしながら、従来の画像読取装置にあっては、レンズアレイの焦点が略ガラス板(原稿台)上に位置するように設計されており、また照明装置からの照射光は略ガラス板(原稿台)上に集光するように設計されているため、当該原稿浮きの箇所において照射光量が不均一になり、解像度が低下し、読み取った画像に不自然な陰影が生ずる原因となる。 However, the conventional image reading apparatus is designed so that the focal point of the lens array is positioned on a substantially glass plate (document table), and the irradiation light from the illumination device is approximately a glass plate (document table). Since it is designed to concentrate on the upper side, the amount of irradiation light is uneven at the portion of the document floating, the resolution is lowered, and an unnatural shadow is generated in the read image.
図6はレンズアレイを構成するレンズの開口角と焦点深度及び伝達光量との関係を示すグラフである。焦点深度は最良像面(原稿台表面)から像のぼけが許容できる面までの軸上の距離であり、焦点深度を深くすれば原稿の浮きに対処できる。一方、レンズの開口角が小さくなれば、つまり像面に収束する光線束の広がり角が小さくなるほど焦点深度は深くなるが、開口角が小さくなると伝達光量が少なくなり光量不足を起こしてしまう。 FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the aperture angle of the lenses constituting the lens array, the depth of focus, and the amount of transmitted light. The depth of focus is an axial distance from the best image plane (the surface of the document table) to a plane where image blur is allowed. If the depth of focus is deepened, it is possible to cope with the floating of the document. On the other hand, when the aperture angle of the lens is reduced, that is, the divergence angle of the light beam converging on the image plane is reduced, the depth of focus becomes deeper. However, when the aperture angle is reduced, the transmitted light amount is reduced and the light amount is insufficient.
本発明は上記した課題、即ち焦点深度と伝達光量とがトレードオフの関係にあることを前提として、読取画像の劣化をできるだけ小さくすることを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to minimize the degradation of a read image on the assumption that the above-described problem, that is, the depth of focus and the amount of transmitted light are in a trade-off relationship.
上記目的を達成するためには、原稿を載置する原稿台(透明プレート)上面から多少離れた空間まで読み取れる正立等倍結像系と、この正立等倍結像系によって読み取られる範囲を均一に照射する照明ユニットが必要となる。 In order to achieve the above object, there is provided an erecting equal magnification imaging system capable of reading a space slightly apart from the upper surface of the document table (transparent plate) on which an original is placed, and a range read by the erecting equal magnification imaging system. An illumination unit that irradiates uniformly is required.
このため本発明にあっては、正立等倍結像系において像のぼけが許容できる焦点深度範囲を、空間周波数6lp(line pair)/mmの黒白周期パターンを正立等倍結像したときの変調度が10%以上となる光軸上の範囲と規定した。ここで、空間周波数(画像を構成する周期的構造の細かさを表す量)として、6lp(line pair)/mmの黒白周期パターンを選定したのは、変調度を測定するために一般的に用いられている尺度だからである。 For this reason, in the present invention, when an erect life-size image formation is performed with a black-and-white periodic pattern having a spatial frequency of 6 lp (line pair) / mm within a focal depth range in which image blur is allowed in an erect life-size imaging system. Is defined as a range on the optical axis in which the degree of modulation is 10% or more. Here, a 6 lp (line pair) / mm black-and-white periodic pattern is selected as the spatial frequency (a quantity representing the fineness of the periodic structure constituting the image), which is generally used for measuring the modulation degree. It is because it is a scale that is being used.
また変調度は、変調の深さを表す指数であり、変調を受けた光強度の最大値をImax、最小値をIminとすると、変調度(m)=(Imax−Imin)/(Imax+Imin)となる。そして、本発明において変調度が10%以上となる光軸上の範囲を焦点深度範囲としたのは、人間が明確に判断できる限界の値であり、変調度が10%未満になると、明確に判断できなくなるからである。 The modulation degree is an index representing the depth of modulation. When the maximum value of the modulated light intensity is Imax and the minimum value is Imin, the modulation degree (m) = (Imax−Imin) / (Imax + Imin). Become. In the present invention, the range on the optical axis in which the modulation degree is 10% or more is set as the focal depth range, which is a limit value that can be clearly determined by humans. When the modulation degree is less than 10%, It is because it becomes impossible to judge.
そして、本発明では、正立等倍結像系は1mm以上の焦点深度を有するものとした。原稿のシワや折り目があっても画像を正確に読み取るには焦点深度が1mm以上であることが必要で、本の喉部であっても支障なく読み取るには焦点深度は1.6mm以上であることが好ましい。 In the present invention, the erecting equal-magnification imaging system has a depth of focus of 1 mm or more. It is necessary to have a depth of focus of 1 mm or more in order to accurately read an image even if there are wrinkles or folds in the document, and the depth of focus is 1.6 mm or more to read even the throat of a book without any problem. It is preferable.
更に、焦点深度範囲ではできるだけ照度ムラがないことが望ましい。本発明にあっては前記照度ムラを±20%以内とした。これは±20%を超えると電気的な補正ができなくなるからである。 Furthermore, it is desirable that there is as little illuminance unevenness as possible in the focal depth range. In the present invention, the illuminance unevenness is set within ± 20%. This is because electrical correction cannot be performed if it exceeds ± 20%.
前記の特性を容易に発揮できる前記正立等倍結像系としては、レンズプレートを複数枚重ねて構成され、各レンズプレートには多数の微小レンズが所定ピッチで規則的に2次元状に配列されたものが考えられるが、これに限定されない。 The erecting equal-magnification imaging system that can easily exhibit the above characteristics is configured by stacking a plurality of lens plates, and a large number of minute lenses are regularly arranged in a two-dimensional manner at a predetermined pitch on each lens plate. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
前記正立等倍結像系は、例えば2枚若しくは3枚のレンズプレートを上下に重ねて構成され、上側レンズプレートの微小レンズの中心と下側レンズプレートの微小レンズの中心とが一致したものとする。また、前記レンズプレートの単レンズ開口角を4〜11°とすることで、伝達光量と焦点深度の両方を満足させることができる。好ましくは、開口角を4〜6.8°とする The erecting equal-magnification imaging system is configured, for example, by superimposing two or three lens plates on top and bottom, and the center of the minute lens of the upper lens plate coincides with the center of the minute lens of the lower lens plate. And Further, by setting the single lens opening angle of the lens plate to 4 to 11 °, it is possible to satisfy both the transmitted light amount and the focal depth. Preferably, the opening angle is 4 to 6.8 °.
また、前記の特性を容易に発揮できる前記照明ユニットとしては、光源からの光を両側面で反射して出射面から出射する棒状導光体を備え、一方の側面によって反射された光の集光位置と他方の側面によって反射された光の集光位置とが異なるものが考えられるが、これに限定されない。 In addition, the illumination unit that can easily exhibit the above characteristics includes a rod-shaped light guide that reflects light from a light source on both side surfaces and emits light from the output surface, and collects light reflected by one side surface. Although the position and the condensing position of the light reflected by the other side surface can be considered, it is not limited to this.
前記棒状導光体としては、導光体の軸線と平行な側面形状を、楕円弧曲面または放物線曲面、或いはこれらの合成曲面とすることが考えられる。この場合、導光体は一体成形でもよいし、また2つの半体を貼り合わせて構成し、各半体に反射面となる楕円弧曲面、放物線曲面またはこれらの合成曲面を形成してもよい。 As the rod-shaped light guide, a side shape parallel to the axis of the light guide may be an elliptical curved surface, a parabolic curved surface, or a composite curved surface thereof. In this case, the light guide may be integrally formed, or may be formed by bonding two halves, and an elliptical arc curved surface, a parabolic curved surface, or a composite curved surface thereof serving as a reflecting surface may be formed on each half.
本発明の画像読取装置によれば、焦点深度の大きな正立等倍結像系を用い、しかも当該焦点深度範囲における照度ムラが小さな照明ユニットを用いたので、原稿の浮きがあっても、鮮明な画像として読み取ることができる。 According to the image reading apparatus of the present invention, an erecting equal-magnification imaging system with a large focal depth is used, and an illumination unit with small illuminance unevenness in the focal depth range is used. Can be read as a simple image.
以下に本発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。図1は本発明に係る画像読取装置の断面図であり、画像読取装置1は、筐体2内の左右にライン照明装置3,3を配置し、これらライン照明装置3,3の間に正立等倍結像系であるレンズアレイ4を配置し、筐体2の下部には凹部5を形成し、この凹部5にイメージセンサ(受光素子)6を固着した基板7を取付け、またライン照明装置3,3及びレンズアレイ4の上方には原稿を載置する透明な原稿台8を設けている。尚、イメージセンサ(受光素子)6はレンズアレイ4の中心線を降ろした位置と略一致する位置に設けられている。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an image reading apparatus according to the present invention. In the image reading apparatus 1, line illumination devices 3 and 3 are arranged on the left and right sides of a housing 2. A lens array 4 which is a vertical magnification imaging system is arranged, a recess 5 is formed in the lower portion of the housing 2, a substrate 7 to which an image sensor (light receiving element) 6 is fixed is attached to the recess 5, and line illumination is performed. Above the devices 3 and 3 and the lens array 4, a transparent document table 8 on which a document is placed is provided. The image sensor (light receiving element) 6 is provided at a position substantially coincident with the position where the center line of the lens array 4 is lowered.
また、レンズアレイ4下方の筐体2の一部を内方に絞込み,この箇所をゴーストカット部9としている。 Further, a part of the housing 2 below the lens array 4 is narrowed inward, and this portion is used as a ghost cut portion 9.
ライン照明装置3はケース30内にアクリル樹脂などからなる棒状導光体31を収納している。導光体31は長さ方向に直交する方向の断面形状において、底部を面取部31aとし、左右の側面31b、31cを楕円曲面または放物線曲面或いはこれらの合成曲面とし、出射面31dを平坦面としている。 The line illumination device 3 houses a rod-shaped light guide 31 made of acrylic resin or the like in a case 30. The light guide 31 has a cross-sectional shape in a direction perpendicular to the length direction, the bottom is a chamfered portion 31a, the left and right side surfaces 31b and 31c are elliptical curved surfaces, parabolic curved surfaces, or a composite curved surface thereof, and the outgoing surface 31d is a flat surface It is said.
導光体31の端部(紙面垂直方向)には発光素子が設けられ、この発光素子から導光体内に入射した光線を散乱せしめる光散乱パターンが前記面取部31aに形成されている。 A light emitting element is provided at an end portion (perpendicular to the paper surface) of the light guide 31, and a light scattering pattern that scatters a light beam incident from the light emitting element into the light guide is formed in the chamfer 31 a.
また、導光体内に入射し光散乱パターンで散乱した光線は左右の側面31b、31cの内面で反射し、出射面31dから原稿台8の原稿に向かって出射する。ところで、本発明にあっては左右の側面31b、31cからの反射光が原稿の読取軸線上において一致しないで上下方向にズレるように左右の側面31b、31cの形状及び曲率を設定している。このズレの範囲は後述するレンズアレイ4の焦点深度範囲において、均一な照度(±20%以内)が得られる範囲とする。 Further, the light rays that have entered the light guide and scattered by the light scattering pattern are reflected by the inner surfaces of the left and right side surfaces 31b and 31c, and are emitted from the emission surface 31d toward the document on the document table 8. By the way, in the present invention, the shapes and curvatures of the left and right side surfaces 31b and 31c are set so that the reflected lights from the left and right side surfaces 31b and 31c do not coincide with each other on the reading axis of the document and are shifted in the vertical direction. This range of deviation is a range in which uniform illuminance (within ± 20%) can be obtained in the focal depth range of the lens array 4 described later.
一方、レンズアレイ4は、図2にも示すように、2枚のレンズプレート40,40を重ねて正立等倍レンズとして構成されている。各レンズプレート40は多数の微小レンズ41…が所定ピッチで規則的に2次元状に配列されている。このレンズプレート40は例えば、軟らかい状態の紫外線効果樹脂を透明型を用いてプレス成形するとともに外部から紫外線を照射して固めることで製造される(2P成形法)。
また成形方法としては加熱によって軟化せしめたガラス或いは樹脂をプレス成形するか予め成形したレンズを貼り合わせるようにしてもよい。
On the other hand, the lens array 4 is configured as an erecting equal-magnification lens by overlapping two lens plates 40 and 40 as shown in FIG. In each lens plate 40, a large number of microlenses 41 are regularly arranged in a two-dimensional manner at a predetermined pitch. The lens plate 40 is manufactured, for example, by press-molding a soft UV-effect resin using a transparent mold and hardening it by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the outside (2P molding method).
Further, as a molding method, glass or resin softened by heating may be press-molded or a pre-molded lens may be bonded.
上記レンズアレイ4の作用は、図3に示すように、原稿面で反射した導光体31の出射面31bからの光を、レンズアレイ4を介してイメージセンサ(受光素子)6に収束させる。この場合、レンズアレイ4は副走査方向に複数列の微細レンズ41が形成されているので、従来のようレンズ光軸とイメージセンサ6のずれに起因する光量レベルの低下は生じない。 The operation of the lens array 4 converges the light from the exit surface 31b of the light guide 31 reflected by the document surface to the image sensor (light receiving element) 6 via the lens array 4 as shown in FIG. In this case, since the lens array 4 is formed with a plurality of rows of fine lenses 41 in the sub-scanning direction, the light amount level is not lowered due to the deviation between the lens optical axis and the image sensor 6 as in the prior art.
図4は焦点深度と変調度との関係を示すグラフである。このグラフから明らかなように、焦点深度が大きくなると変調度は低下する。そして、変調度が10%未満では人間の目で画像を明確に判断できなくなるため、変調度は10%以上に維持する必要がある。したがって、焦点深度は深いほうが原稿の浮きに対処できるのであるが、変調度の制約から焦点深度にも制約が課せられる。即ち、変調度10%以上を維持しつつ1mmの焦点深度を有するレンズアレイ4であれば、原稿のシワや折れに十分対処することができ、変調度10%以上を維持しつつ1.6mmの焦点深度を有するレンズアレイ4であれば、原稿(本)の喉部の浮きにも対処できる。 FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the depth of focus and the degree of modulation. As is apparent from this graph, the degree of modulation decreases as the depth of focus increases. If the degree of modulation is less than 10%, the image cannot be clearly determined by the human eye. Therefore, the degree of modulation needs to be maintained at 10% or more. Accordingly, the deeper the focal depth, the more the document float can be dealt with. However, the focal depth is also restricted due to the restriction of the modulation degree. In other words, the lens array 4 having a focal depth of 1 mm while maintaining a modulation degree of 10% or more can sufficiently deal with wrinkles and folding of the document, and is 1.6 mm while maintaining a modulation degree of 10% or more. If the lens array 4 has a focal depth, it is possible to cope with the throat lift of the document (book).
ここで、変調度を測定する測定する場合の基準としては、空間周波数6lp(line pair)/mmの黒白周期パターンを正立等倍結像したときの変調度
を用いる。
Here, as a reference for measuring the degree of modulation, the degree of modulation when a black-and-white periodic pattern with a spatial frequency of 6 lp (line pair) / mm is imaged at an equal magnification is used.
また図6に示したように、レンズアレイ4を構成するレンズ41の開口角と一定の関係があり、例えば1mm以上の焦点深度を得るには開口角を6°以下にする必要があり、また開口角と伝達光量とも一定の関係があり、開口角が大きくなると伝達光量も大きくなる。特に実施例で示した2枚のレンズプレート40からなるレンズアレイ4を用いた場合には、従来のロッドレンズアレイに比較して伝達光量が大きくなる。以上の点を考慮すると、微細レンズ41の開口角は4〜11°の範囲、好ましくは4〜6°の範囲に設定する。 Also, as shown in FIG. 6, there is a certain relationship with the aperture angle of the lenses 41 constituting the lens array 4, and for example, in order to obtain a focal depth of 1 mm or more, the aperture angle must be 6 ° or less. There is a fixed relationship between the aperture angle and the transmitted light amount, and the transmitted light amount increases as the aperture angle increases. In particular, when the lens array 4 including the two lens plates 40 shown in the embodiment is used, the amount of transmitted light is larger than that of the conventional rod lens array. Considering the above points, the opening angle of the microlens 41 is set in the range of 4 to 11 °, preferably in the range of 4 to 6 °.
本発明に係る画像読取装置は、コピー機、ファクシミリ等として有効に利用される。 The image reading apparatus according to the present invention is effectively used as a copying machine, a facsimile, or the like.
1…画像読取装置、2…筐体、3…ライン照明装置、4…正立等倍結像系であるレンズアレイ、5…凹部、6…イメージセンサ(受光素子)、7…基板、8…原稿台、9…ゴーストカット部、30…ケース、31…棒状導光体、31a…導光体の底部、31b、31c…導光体の側面、31d…出射面、40…レンズプレート、41…微小レンズ。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Image reading apparatus, 2 ... Housing | casing, 3 ... Line illumination apparatus, 4 ... Lens array which is an erecting equal magnification imaging system, 5 ... Recessed part, 6 ... Image sensor (light receiving element), 7 ... Substrate, 8 ... Document platen, 9 ... Ghost cut part, 30 ... Case, 31 ... Bar light guide, 31a ... Bottom part of light guide, 31b, 31c ... Side face of light guide, 31d ... Output surface, 40 ... Lens plate, 41 ... Micro lens.
Claims (3)
ただし、焦点深度範囲とは空間周波数6lp(line pair)/mmの黒白周期パターンを正立等倍結像したときの変調度が10%以上となる光軸上の範囲を指す。 An illumination unit, a line image sensor composed of photoelectric conversion elements, and an erecting equal-magnification imaging system that condenses reflected light from a document out of the irradiation light from the illumination unit toward the line image sensor. In the image reading apparatus, the erecting equal-magnification imaging system has a depth of focus of 1 mm or more, and the illumination unit has an illuminance unevenness within ± 20% in the depth of focus range. .
However, the depth of focus range refers to a range on the optical axis in which the degree of modulation is 10% or more when a black and white periodic pattern with a spatial frequency of 6 lp (line pair) / mm is imaged at an equal magnification.
2. The image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the illumination unit includes a rod-shaped light guide that reflects light from the light source on both side surfaces and emits the light from the output surface, and the light collection position reflected by the one side surface. And a light collecting position of light reflected by the other side surface is different.
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JP2004190267A JP4145271B2 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2004-06-28 | Image reading device |
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CN103369186A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2013-10-23 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | Image reading device and method of manufacturing housing |
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