JP4116188B2

JP4116188B2 - Artificial cultivation material for Hatake Shimeji

Info

Publication number: JP4116188B2
Application number: JP11905899A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 健一大島; 義雄 ▲吉▼浜; 克彦日下部
Original assignee: Takara Bio Inc
Current assignee: Takara Bio Inc
Priority date: 1998-05-01
Filing date: 1999-04-27
Publication date: 2008-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 2019-04-27
Also published as: JP2000023564A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ハタケシメジ（学名 Lyophyllum decastes）の人工栽培用材、及びこれを使用するハタケシメジの人工栽培方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ハタケシメジは、夏から秋にかけて人家の近くや、畑、林地等に広く発生するきのこで、形はホンシメジに良く似ている。味は非常に良く、肉質はホンシメジより固くて歯切れの良いきのこであり、好んで食用とされている。近年、エノキタケ、ヒラタケ、ブナシメジ、ナメコ等において、主に鋸屑と米糠を混合した培養基を用いて栽培を行なう菌床人工栽培方法が確立され、一年を通じて四季に関係なく、安定してきのこが収穫できるようになっている。ハタケシメジについても食用きのことして有用なことから、栽培方法が種々検討されている。ハタケシメジの人工栽培方法において、例えば福島県林業試験場では、バーク堆肥を培地素材の主体とし、栄養添加剤として米糠やフスマを加えた培地を袋に詰めて培養したものを施設で発生、あるいは野外に埋め込んで発生させている（福島県林業試験場研究報告 No.１９、No２０）。
しかしながら、これらの方法では、発生に長期間を要し、作業効率が著しく悪い。また、特公平４−２５７６６号、同５−１５４０４号各公報においても、ハタケシメジの栽培方法が開示されているが、前者では、菌かき、注水処理後にビン口を逆さにして一週間程度栽培（逆向け栽培）し、あとビン口を上とする元の状態に戻し、再び栽培する工程を行っており、後者では、接種した種菌の菌糸が栽培容器内にまん延した時期に、微細粒子からなる鉱物質で栽培容器の開口部を被覆する工程（覆土工程）を行っている。しかしながら逆向け栽培や覆土工程は、操作が煩雑で、作業性も悪い。そこで、本発明者らは、各地よりハタケシメジの採集を行い、鋭意検討し、逆向け栽培や覆土工程のない菌床人工栽培方法で栽培を行っても、容易かつ高収量で良好な子実体を形成する能力を有する菌株をスクリーニングすることに成功した（特開平４−２１１３０８号）。また、培地の性質を改善し、安定してハタケシメジを発生させることのできる培地添加材を開発した（特開平５−１９２０３５号）。更に、この培地を用いても菌廻り（培養基全体に菌糸がまん延すること）が遅れないハタケシメジの人工栽培方法、及び該方法に使用する培地を開発した（特開平７−３０３４１９号）。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特開平７−３０３４１９号公報記載の培地で発生工程が行われた場合、成熟子実体の傘形は野生でよく観察される平らなまんじゅう形が多く発生し、半球形やまんじゅう形を主体とした、平らなまんじゅう形以外のボリューム感のある傘形の子実体発生は少ない。ここでいう成熟子実体の傘形の分類については、今関六也及び本郷次雄監修、小川真編著、「見る・採る・食べるきのこカラー図鑑」、講談社、１９８７年発行に記載のある「きのこ（子実体の形）」によった。これらを図１に示す。
本発明の目的は、半球形やまんじゅう形を主体とした、平らなまんじゅう形以外のハタケシメジの子実体を人工的に得ることを可能とするハタケシメジの人工栽培用材、及びそれを使用するハタケシメジの人工栽培方法を提供することにある。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、
〔１〕ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、脱脂ゴマを有効成分として含有する培地で培養することを特徴とするハタケシメジの人工栽培方法、及び
〔２〕脱脂ゴマを有効成分として含有することを特徴とするハタケシメジの人工栽培用材
に関するものである。
【０００５】
本発明者らは、ハタケシメジの人工栽培方法において種々の実験を行い鋭意検討を重ねた結果、培地に種実の脱脂物を添加することにより、半球形やまんじゅう形の子実体が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を具体的に説明する。
本発明において種実とは、油脂原料となる植物由来の種子、胚芽、果実であり、例えばゴマ、ナタネ、ダイズ、ヒマワリ、落花生、綿実、ヤシ、ベニバナ、アマ、カポック、トウゴマ、アブラギリ、カラシナ、エゴマ、アーモンド、カボチャ、ニガー、麻、ゴム、ババス、ヒマ等の種子、コメやトウモロコシ等の胚芽、オリーブ、ココヤシ、パーム等の果実及び須藤浩著、「カス類飼料と給与法」、養賢堂、１９７６年発行に記載の油脂原料種実が挙げられるが本発明の種実はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【０００７】
本発明において種実の脱脂物とは、主に植物性油脂の採取過程で生ずる残渣で、植物性油脂の採取方法には原料を加熱して原料中の油を溶融流出させる融出法、原料に圧力をかけて油を絞る圧搾法、原料中の油分を溶剤で溶かして採る抽出法があり、更にこれらの方法を組合せた方法がある。
本発明で使用する種実の脱脂物は、種実が脱脂された残渣であればよく、脱脂方法及び脱脂物中に残存する脂肪含量は問わない。例を挙げると、脱脂ゴマとはゴマ油採取過程で生ずる残渣で、動物飼料や肥料として用いられる比較的安価な材料である。また、ナタネ粕はナタネ油採取過程で生ずる残渣で、肥料として用いられる比較的安価な材料である。コーン油粕はトウモロコシ油採取過程で生ずる残渣で、肥料として用いられる比較的安価な材料である。綿実油粕は綿実油採取過程で生ずる残渣で、動物飼料として用いられる比較的安価な材料である。更に、大豆油粕は大豆油採取過程で生ずる残渣で、動物飼料として用いられる比較的安価な材料である。
本発明を脱脂ゴマ、ナタネ粕、コーン油粕、綿実油粕及び大豆油粕により説明したが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【０００８】
ハタケシメジの人工栽培方法としては、エノキタケ、ヒラタケ、ブナシメジなどのきのこ栽培に用いられている方法で、ビン栽培、袋栽培、箱栽培等があるが、ここでは一例としてビン栽培について述べると、その方法とは培地調製、ビン詰め、殺菌、接種、培養、菌かき、芽出し、生育、収穫の各工程からなる。次にこれらを具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【０００９】
培地調製とは人工栽培に用いる各種基材を計量、かくはんし、加水して水分調整する工程をいう。本発明で用いられるハタケシメジの培地は、例えば鋸屑等の培地基材、腐葉土等の腐植性基材、種実の脱脂物、及びその他栄養材の組合せや、鋸屑等の培地基材、種実の脱脂物、その他栄養材、及び特開平５−１９２０３５号公報記載の発生率向上材、すなわち下記（１）〜（４）からなる群から選択される１以上の材料（１）アルミニウム、（２）アルミニウム化合物、（３）アルカリ土類金属化合物、（４）オカラの組合せ、更には鋸屑等の培地基材、種実の脱脂物、その他栄養材、前出の特開平５−１９２０３５号公報記載の発生率向上材、及び特開平７−３０３４１９号公報記載の菌廻り改善材、すなわちクエン酸、リンゴ酸、アスコルビン酸、アルギン酸、イタコン酸、ケイ酸、コハク酸、マレイン酸、酒石酸、及び乳酸からなる群から選択される酸の組合せなどがある。種実の脱脂物を培地に添加する場合、例を挙げると脱脂ゴマの場合一ビン当り１〜５０ｇ、好ましくは一ビン当り５〜２０ｇ添加する。ナタネ粕の場合一ビン当り１〜５０ｇ、好ましくは一ビン当り５〜３０ｇ添加する。コーン油粕の場合一ビン当り１〜５０ｇ、好ましく一ビン当り５〜４０ｇ添加する。綿実油粕の場合一ビン当り１〜５０ｇ、好ましくは−ビン当り５〜２０ｇ添加する。大豆油粕の場合一ビン当り１〜５０ｇ、好ましくは一ビン当り５〜２０ｇ添加する。
本発明を脱脂ゴマ、ナタネ粕、コーン油粕、綿実油粕及び大豆油粕により説明したが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【００１０】
ビン詰めとは、培地をビンに詰める工程であり、通常８００〜１０００ｍｌ容、好ましくは８５０ｍｌ容の耐熱性広口培養ビンに、調製した培地を４５０〜７５０ｇ、好ましくは５５０ｇ圧詰し、中央に１〜３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓する工程をいう。殺菌とは、蒸気により培地中のすべての微生物を死滅させる工程であれば良く、通常常圧殺菌では９８℃、４〜１２時間、高圧殺菌では１１８℃〜１２１℃、好ましくは１２０℃、３０〜９０分間行われる。
【００１１】
接種とは、放冷された培地に種菌を植えつける工程であり、通常種菌としてはハタケシメジ菌株をＰＧＹ液体培地で２５℃、１０〜１５日間培養したものを用い、１ビン当り２０ｍｌほど無菌的に植えつける。また、ここまで説明した工程で得られる液体種菌接種済みの培養基を、２５℃で３０〜６０日間培養し、菌廻りしたものも固体種菌として用いることができ、１ビン当り１５ｇほど無菌的に植えつける。培養とは、菌糸を生育、熟成させる工程で、通常接種済みの培養基を温度２０〜２５℃、湿度４０〜７０％において菌糸をまん延させ、更に熟成をさせる。この工程は通常５０〜１２０日間、好ましくは８０日間前後行われる。菌かきとは、種菌部分と培養基表面をかき取り、原基形成を促す工程で、通常菌かき後は、直ちにビン口まで水を入れ３〜５時間後排水するが、この加水操作は省略することもできる。
【００１２】
芽出しとは、子実体原基を形成させる工程で、通常１０〜２０℃、好ましくは１５℃前後、湿度８０％以上、照度１０００ルクス以下で１０〜２０日間行う。また、加湿で結露水が発生しやすいため、濡れを防ぐ目的で、菌床面を有孔ポリシートや波板等で覆っても良い。
【００１３】
生育とは、子実体原基から成熟子実体を形成させる工程で、通常芽出し工程とほぼ同じ条件で５〜１５日間行う。生育工程では、結露水による濡れの影響を受けにくいので、被覆は施さないほうが好ましい。以上の工程により、傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体の成熟子実体を得ることができ、収穫を行って栽培の全工程は終了する。本発明をビン栽培方法により説明したが、本発明は上記ビン栽培に限定されるものではない。
【００１４】
次に、本発明の人工栽培方法に好適なハタケシメジの菌株の例としては、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０３株（ＦＥＲＭＢＰ−４３４７）、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株（ＦＥＲＭＢＰ−４３４８）、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０５株（ＦＥＲＭＢＰ−４３４９）、ハタケシメジＦ−６２３株（ＦＥＲＭＰ−１３１６５）、ハタケシメジＦ−１１５４株（ＦＥＲＭＰ−１３１６６）、ハタケシメジＦ−１４８８株（ＦＥＲＭＰ−１３１６７）等があるが、本発明で使用できる菌株はこれらの菌株に限られるものではない。
本発明において、平らなまんじゅう形以外の子実体とは、半球形、まんじゅう形、中高形、円錐形、つりがね形、円筒形より選択される形状の子実体を意味し、本発明により、商品価値の高い、ボリューム感に優れたハタケシメジの人工栽培用材及びこれを使用した人工栽培方法が提供された。
【００１５】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例により更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例の範囲のみに限定されるものではない。
【００１６】
実施例１
ＰＧＹ液体培地（組成：グルコース２．０％、ペプトン０．２％、酵母エキス０．２％、ＫＨ₂ＰＯ₄の０．０５％、及びＭｇＳＯ₄・７Ｈ₂Ｏの０．０５％、ｐＨ６．０）１００ｍｌにハタケシメジＫ−３３０４（ＦＥＲＭＢＰ−４３４８）を接種して、２５℃で１０日間培養し液体種菌とした。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に鋸屑（スギ材）１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径１ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の液体種菌を接種、培養して固体種菌とした。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に、鋸屑（スギ材）１００ｇ、脱脂ゴマ〔かどや製油（株）製〕１０ｇ、米糠９０ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業（株）製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕２ｇ、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を種菌ごと除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿９０％、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業（株）製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿９０％で更に１４日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、培地に脱脂ゴマを添加することによって子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表１に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００１７】
【表１】

【００１８】
表１より明らかなように、得られる子実体の傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に優れたものになった。
【００１９】
実施例２
実施例１と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の固体種菌を用意した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に、鋸屑（スギ材）１００ｇ、脱脂ゴマ〔かどや製油（株）製〕１０ｇ、米糠９０ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業（株）製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕２ｇ、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を種菌ごと除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿は（株）鷺宮製作所製：ヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業（株）製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、更に９日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、培地に脱脂ゴマを添加することによって子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表２に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００２０】
【表２】

【００２１】
表２より明らかなように、得られる子実体の傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に優れたものになった。
【００２２】
実施例３（参考例）
実施例１と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の固体種菌を用意した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に、鋸屑（スギ材）１００ｇ、ナタネ粕〔ボーソー油脂（株）製〕１０ｇ、米糠９０ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業（株）製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕２ｇ、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を種菌ごと除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業（株）製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、更に１０日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、培地にナタネ粕を添加することによって子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表３に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００２３】
【表３】

【００２４】
表３より明らかなように、得られる子実体の傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に優れたものになった。
【００２５】
実施例４（参考例）
実施例１と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の固体種菌を用意した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に、鋸屑（スギ材）１００ｇ、コーン油粕〔太田油脂（株）製〕３０ｇ、米糠７０ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業（株）製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕２g、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５%の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を種菌ごと除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業（株）製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、更に１０日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、培地にコーン油粕を添加することによって子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表４に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００２６】
【表４】

【００２７】
表４より明らかなように、得られる子実体の傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に優れたものになった。
【００２８】
実施例５（参考例）
実施例１と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の固体種菌を用意した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に、鋸屑（スギ材）１００ｇ、綿実油粕〔岡村製油(株)製〕１０ｇ、米糠９０ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業(株)製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク(株)製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク(株)製、試薬一級〕２ｇ、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を種菌ごと除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０%の範囲にタイマーで制御し、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業(株)製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、更に１０日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、培地に綿実油粕を添加することによって子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表５に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００２９】
【表５】

【００３０】
表５より明らかなように、得られる子実体の傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に優れたものになった。
【００３１】
実施例６（参考例）
実施例１と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の固体種菌を用意した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に、鋸屑（スギ材）９８ｇ、大豆油粕〔不二製油(株)製〕１０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業(株)製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク(株)製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク(株)製、試薬一級〕２ｇ、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を種菌ごと除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業(株)製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、更に１０日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、培地に大豆油粕を添加することによって子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表６に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００３２】
【表６】

【００３３】
表６より明らかなように、得られる子実体の傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に優れたものになった。
【００３４】
実施例７
実施例１と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の固体種菌を用意した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に、鋸屑（スギ材）５３ｇ、コーンコブ１００ｇ、脱脂ゴマ〔かどや製油(株)製〕１０ｇ、米糠９０ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業(株)製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク(株)製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク(株)製、試薬一級〕２ｇ、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を種菌ごと除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業(株)製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿はヒューミアイ１００の表示値として１１５〜１２０％の範囲にタイマーで制御し、更に９日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、培地に脱脂ゴマを添加することによって子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表７に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００３５】
【表７】

【００３６】
表７より明らかなように、得られる子実体の傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に優れたものになった。
【００３７】
比較例１
実施例１と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の固体種菌を用意した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン（８５０ｍｌ）に、鋸屑（スギ材）１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業（株）製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク（株）製、試薬一級〕２ｇ、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿９０％、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業（株）製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿９０％で更に１０日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、培地に種実の脱脂物を添加しない場合の子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表８に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００３８】
【表８】

【００３９】
表８より明らかなように、培地に種実の脱脂物を添加しない場合、得られる子実体の傘の形状が平らなまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に欠けるものになった。
【００４０】
比較例２
実施例１と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の固体種菌を用意した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養ビン８５０ｍｌに、鋸屑（スギ材）５３ｇ、コーンコブ１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔富士化学工業（株）製、商品名ノイシリンＦＨ₁〕２ｇ、炭酸カルシウム〔ナカライテスク(株)製、試薬一級〕３ｇ、クエン酸一水塩〔ナカライテスク(株)製、試薬一級〕２ｇ、水３５０ｇを加えてよく混合し湿潤状態にしたものを圧詰して、中央に直径３ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃、６０分間高圧蒸気殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを用意した。これに上記の固体種菌約１５ｇを接種し、まず暗所にて温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件の下、培養基に見掛け上菌糸が廻るまで４０日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。
次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を除いてから、水道水をビン口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿９０％、結露水を避けるために有孔ポリシート〔辻野プラスチック工業(株)製、商品名ミリオンマット〕で被覆をし、１４日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、被覆をはずし照度５００ルクス、温度１５℃、加湿９０％で更に１０日間培養を続けて、成熟子実体を得た。収穫されたハタケシメジについて、一ビン当りの子実体収量、一ビン当りの直径１ｃｍ以上の傘の数、一ビン当りの傘の形を測定し、培地に種実の脱脂物を添加しない場合の子実体の傘の形状が受ける効果について調べた。結果を表９に示す。傘の形は主流の傘形を示す。
【００４１】
【表９】

【００４２】
表９より明らかなように、培地に種実の脱脂物を添加しない場合、得られる子実体の傘の形状が平らなまんじゅう形主体のボリューム感に欠けるものになった。
【００４３】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明したとおり、本発明による栽培方法によれば、傘の形状が半球形やまんじゅう形主体の、平らなまんじゅう形以外のボリューム感に優れたハタケシメジ子実体を得ることが可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】きのこ（子実体）の形を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a material for artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji (scientific name Lyophyllum decastes) and a method for artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Hatake-shimeji is a mushroom that occurs widely in the vicinity of houses, in fields, and in forests from summer to autumn, and its shape is very similar to that of hon-shimeji. The taste is very good and the meat quality is harder and more crisp than hon-shimeji mushroom, and it is preferred to be edible. In recent years, a fungus bed artificial cultivation method has been established that uses a culture medium that is mainly mixed with sawdust and rice bran in enokitake, oyster mushrooms, beech shimeji, sea cucumber, etc., and stable mushrooms are harvested throughout the year regardless of the season. It can be done. Hatake shimeji is also useful as an edible mushroom, and various cultivation methods have been studied. In the artificial cultivation method of Hatake-shimeji, for example, in the Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station, bark compost is mainly used as a medium material, and a culture medium packed with rice bran or bran as a nutrient additive is grown in the facility or in the field. It is generated by embedding (Research Report No. 19 and No. 20 of Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station).
However, these methods require a long time for generation, and work efficiency is remarkably poor. Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 4-25766 and 5-15404 also disclose methods for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms. In the former method, cultivation is carried out for about a week by reversing the bottle mouth after fungi-squirting and water injection treatment ( It is made up of fine particles when the mycelium of the inoculated inoculum spreads in the cultivation container. A process (covering process) for covering the opening of the cultivation container with a mineral substance is performed. However, the reverse cultivation and the soil covering process are complicated in operation and poor in workability. Therefore, the present inventors collected Hatake shimeji mushrooms from various places, studied earnestly, and even when cultivated by a reverse cultivation or a fungus bed artificial cultivation method without a soil-covering process, a good fruit body was easily obtained with high yield. A strain having the ability to form was successfully screened (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-211308). In addition, a medium additive that improves the properties of the medium and can stably generate Hatake shimeji mushroom has been developed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-192035). Furthermore, a method for artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which does not delay the fungus circulation (spreading the whole mycelia) even when this medium is used, and a medium used for this method have been developed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-303419).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the development process is carried out in the medium described in JP-A-7-303419, the umbrella shape of the mature fruit body has many flat bunches that are often observed in the wild, mainly hemisphere and bunju forms. There are few occurrences of umbrella-shaped fruit bodies with a sense of volume other than flat manju shape. As for the classification of the umbrella shape of the mature fruiting body here, “Mushroom (Mushroom (in Japanese)” published by Rokuya Imazeki and Tsuguo Hongo, Makoto Ogawa, “See, Take and Eat Mushroom Color Picture Book”, Kodansha, published in 1987. The shape of the fruiting body) ”. These are shown in FIG.
An object of the present invention is to provide a material for artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji, which mainly has a hemispherical shape or a bun shape, and which can artificially obtain a fruit body of a non-flat bun shape, and an artificial cultivar using the same. It is to provide a cultivation method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention
[1] In the artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji, a method for artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji, characterized by culturing in a medium containing defatted sesame as an active ingredient, and
[2] Material for artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, characterized by containing defatted sesame as an active ingredient
It is about.
[0005]
The present inventors have conducted various experiments in the artificial cultivation method of Hatake-shimeji and have conducted extensive studies. As a result, it has been found that hemispherical or manju-shaped fruiting bodies can be obtained by adding seed defatted substances to the medium. The present invention has been completed.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be specifically described below.
The seeds in the present invention are plant-derived seeds, germs, and fruits used as oil and fat raw materials, such as sesame seeds, rapeseed, soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts, cotton seeds, palms, safflowers, flax, kapok, castor bean, abragis, mustards, Sesame seeds, almonds, pumpkins, niger, hemp, gum, babas, castor and other seeds, rice and corn germs, olives, coconut, palm and other fruits, and Hiroshi Sudo, “Cast feed and feeding method” The seeds of fats and oils described in Do, published in 1976 are listed, but the seeds of the present invention are not limited to these.
[0007]
In the present invention, a seed defatted product is a residue mainly produced in the process of collecting vegetable oils and fats. The vegetable oils and fats are collected by a melting method in which the raw materials are heated and the oil in the raw materials is melted out. There are a pressing method in which oil is squeezed under pressure, an extraction method in which the oil content in the raw material is dissolved in a solvent, and a method in which these methods are combined.
The seed defatted product used in the present invention may be a residue obtained by defatting the seed, and the fat content remaining in the defatted method and the defatted product does not matter. For example, defatted sesame is a residue produced in the process of collecting sesame oil and is a relatively inexpensive material used as animal feed or fertilizer. Rapeseed meal is a residue produced during the rapeseed oil extraction process and is a relatively inexpensive material used as a fertilizer. Corn oil cake is a residue produced in the process of collecting corn oil and is a relatively inexpensive material used as a fertilizer. Cottonseed oil cake is a residue produced in the process of collecting cottonseed oil and is a relatively inexpensive material used as animal feed. In addition, soybean meal is a residue produced during the soybean oil collection process and is a relatively inexpensive material used as animal feed.
Although the present invention has been described with defatted sesame seeds, rapeseed meal, corn oil meal, cottonseed oil meal and soybean oil meal, the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0008]
As an artificial cultivation method of Hatake-shimeji, methods used for mushroom cultivation such as enokitake, oyster mushrooms, beech shimeji, etc. include bottle cultivation, bag cultivation, box cultivation, etc. Consists of the following steps: medium preparation, bottle filling, sterilization, inoculation, culture, fungi-squirting, germination, growth and harvesting. Next, although these are demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited to these.
[0009]
Medium preparation refers to a process in which various substrates used for artificial cultivation are weighed, stirred, hydrated to adjust water content. The medium of Hatake shimeji used in the present invention is, for example, a medium substrate such as sawdust, a humus substrate such as humus, a seed defatted product, and a combination of other nutrients, a medium substrate such as sawdust, or a seed defatted product. , Other nutrients, and the incidence rate improving material described in JP-A-5-192035, that is, one or more materials selected from the group consisting of the following (1) to (4) (1) aluminum, (2) aluminum compound , (3) Alkaline earth metal compound, (4) Okara combination, medium base material such as sawdust, seed defatted material, other nutrients, improvement in the incidence described in the above-mentioned JP-A-5-192035 And a material for improving fungi described in JP-A-7-303419, namely citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid There is a combination of acids selected from. When seed defatted material is added to the medium, for example, in the case of defatted sesame, 1 to 50 g per bottle, preferably 5 to 20 g per bottle is added. In the case of rapeseed meal, 1 to 50 g per bottle, preferably 5 to 30 g per bottle is added. In the case of corn oil cake, 1 to 50 g per bottle, preferably 5 to 40 g per bottle is added. In the case of cottonseed oil cake, 1 to 50 g per bottle, preferably 5 to 20 g per bottle is added. In the case of soybean oil cake, 1 to 50 g per bottle, preferably 5 to 20 g per bottle is added.
Although the present invention has been described with defatted sesame seeds, rapeseed meal, corn oil meal, cottonseed oil meal and soybean oil meal, the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0010]
The bottle filling is a process of filling a medium into a bottle. The medium is usually packed in a heat-resistant wide-mouth culture bottle having a volume of 800 to 1000 ml, preferably 850 ml, and 450 to 750 g, preferably 550 g of the prepared medium. It refers to a process of making a hole of about 3 cm and plugging. The sterilization may be a step of killing all microorganisms in the medium by steam. Usually, normal pressure sterilization is 98 ° C. for 4 to 12 hours, and high pressure sterilization is 118 ° C. to 121 ° C., preferably 120 ° C., 30 to 30 ° C. 90 minutes.
[0011]
Inoculation is a process of inoculating inoculum on a medium that has been allowed to cool. As an inoculum, aseptic bacteria, a cultivated Hatake shimeji strain in a PGY liquid medium at 25 ° C. for 10 to 15 days is used, and aseptically about 20 ml per bottle. Plant. In addition, the culture medium inoculated with the liquid inoculum obtained in the steps described so far is cultured at 25 ° C. for 30 to 60 days, and those around the bacteria can be used as the solid inoculum, and about 15 g per bottle is aseptically planted. Put on. Culture is a process of growing and aging mycelia, in which the inoculated culture medium is spread at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a humidity of 40 to 70%, and further aged. This step is usually performed for 50 to 120 days, preferably about 80 days. Fungi-scraping is a process of scraping off the inoculum part and the surface of the culture medium to promote primordial formation. Usually, after scraping the fungus, water is immediately put into the bottle mouth and drained 3 to 5 hours later, but this addition operation is omitted. You can also
[0012]
Germination is a step of forming a fruiting body primordium, and is usually performed at 10 to 20 ° C., preferably around 15 ° C., a humidity of 80% or more, and an illuminance of 1000 lux or less for 10 to 20 days. Moreover, since dew condensation water is likely to be generated by humidification, the fungus floor may be covered with a perforated polysheet or corrugated sheet for the purpose of preventing wetting.
[0013]
Growth is a process of forming mature fruit bodies from the fruit body primordium, and is performed for 5 to 15 days under substantially the same conditions as the normal sprouting process. In the growing process, it is less susceptible to wetting by condensed water, so it is preferable not to coat. Through the above-described steps, a mature fruit body whose umbrella shape is mainly hemispherical or manju-shaped can be obtained, and harvesting is performed to complete the entire cultivation process. Although this invention was demonstrated by the bottle cultivation method, this invention is not limited to the said bottle cultivation.
[0014]
Next, as examples of Hatake shimeji strains suitable for the artificial cultivation method of the present invention, Hatake shimeji K-3303 strain (FERM BP-4347), Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain (FERM BP-4348), Hatake shimeji K-3305 strain ( FERMBP-4349), Hatake Shimeji F-623 strain (FERM P-13165), Hatake Shimeji F-1154 strain (FERM P-13166), Hatake Shimeji F-1488 strain (FERM P-13167), etc., which can be used in the present invention. Strains are not limited to these strains.
In the present invention, a fruiting body other than a flat manju shape means a fruiting body having a shape selected from a hemispherical shape, a manju shape, a medium-high shape, a conical shape, a hanging shape, and a cylindrical shape. A material for artificial cultivation of hatake shimeji that has a high commercial value and excellent volume feeling, and an artificial cultivation method using the same.
[0015]
【Example】
Examples The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the following examples.
[0016]
Example 1
PGY liquid medium (composition: glucose 2.0%, peptone 0.2%, yeast extract 0.2%, KH₂PO_Four0.05% of MgSO and MgSO_Four・ 7H₂Hatake shimeji K-3304 (FERM BP-4348) was inoculated into 100 ml of 0.05% of O, pH 6.0) and cultured at 25 ° C. for 10 days to obtain a liquid inoculum. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood) and 100 g of rice bran are mixed well in a wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (850 ml), and 350 g of water is added and mixed well to obtain a wet state. After piercing, 120 ° C. and high-pressure steam sterilization was performed for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. The above-mentioned liquid inoculum was inoculated and cultured to obtain a solid inoculum. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood), 10 g of defatted sesame (manufactured by Kadoya Oil Co., Ltd.), and 90 g of rice bran were mixed well with a wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) made of polypropylene, and magnesium metasilicate magnesium [Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd. ) Product name Neusilin FH₁2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade 1] 3 g, citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1 reagent] 2 g, 350 g of water and mixed well to obtain a wet state After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated, and first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent hyphae turned around on the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium layer about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium together with the inoculum, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left for 3 hours, then drained, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C., humidified 90 In order to avoid dew condensation water, it was covered with a perforated polysheet (manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Million Mat) and cultured for 14 days to form fruit body primordia. The culture medium on which the primordial group was formed was removed from the culture and further cultured for 14 days at an illuminance of 500 lux, a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidified 90% to obtain mature fruiting bodies. Measure the yield of fruit bodies per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, and the shape of the umbrella per bottle, and add defatted sesame to the medium in the artificial cultivation of hatake shimeji. Thus, the effect of the shape of the umbrella of the fruiting body was investigated. The results are shown in Table 1. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0017]
[Table 1]

[0018]
As is clear from Table 1, the shape of the resulting fruit body umbrella is superior in volume feeling mainly in a hemispherical shape or a bun-shaped shape.
[0019]
Example 2
In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood), 10 g of defatted sesame (manufactured by Kadoya Oil Co., Ltd.), and 90 g of rice bran were mixed well with a wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) made of polypropylene, and magnesium metasilicate magnesium [Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd. ) Product name Neusilin FH₁2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade 1] 3 g, citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1 reagent] 2 g, 350 g of water and mixed well to obtain a wet state After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated, and first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent hyphae turned around on the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium together with the inoculum, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left for 3 hours, then drained, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C, Manufactured by Kakinomiya Seisakusho: As a display value of Humiai 100, it is controlled with a timer in the range of 115 to 120%, and in order to avoid dew condensation water, it is a perforated polysheet (manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Million Mat). It was covered and cultured for 14 days to form fruit body primordia. The culture medium on which the primordium was formed was uncovered, the illuminance was 500 lux, the temperature was 15 ° C., and the humidification was controlled by a timer within the range of 115 to 120% as indicated by the Humiai 100. Got the entity. Measure the yield of fruit bodies per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, and the shape of the umbrella per bottle, and add defatted sesame to the medium in the artificial cultivation of hatake shimeji. Thus, the effect of the shape of the umbrella of the fruiting body was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0020]
[Table 2]

[0021]
As can be seen from Table 2, the shape of the resulting fruit body umbrella has an excellent volume feeling, mainly hemispherical or manju-shaped.
[0022]
Example 3(Reference example)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood), 10 g of rapeseed rice (manufactured by Bosseau Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.), and 90 g of rice bran are mixed well with a wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) made of polypropylene, and magnesium aluminate metasilicate [Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd. ) Product name Neusilin FH₁2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade 1] 3 g, citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1 reagent] 2 g, 350 g of water and mixed well to obtain a wet state After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated, and first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent hyphae turned around on the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium together with the inoculum, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left for 3 hours, then drained, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C, The display value of Humiai 100 is controlled by a timer within the range of 115 to 120%, and coated with a perforated polysheet (trade name Million Mat, manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.) to avoid dew condensation, and cultured for 14 days. And continued to form a fruiting body primordial. The culture medium in which the primordium was formed was uncoated, the illumination was 500 lux, the temperature was 15 ° C., and the humidification was controlled with a timer in the range of 115 to 120% as the display value of Humiai 100, and further cultivation was continued for 10 days. Got the entity. Measure the yield of fruit bodies per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, and the shape of the umbrella per bottle, and add rapeseed meal to the medium in the artificial cultivation of the bamboo shimeji. Thus, the effect of the shape of the umbrella of the fruiting body was investigated. The results are shown in Table 3. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0023]
[Table 3]

[0024]
As can be seen from Table 3, the shape of the resulting fruit body umbrella is superior in volume, mainly hemispherical and manju-shaped.
[0025]
Example 4(Reference example)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood), 30 g of corn oil lees (Ota Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) and 70 g of rice bran were mixed well with a wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) made of polypropylene, and magnesium aluminate metasilicate [Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd. ) Product name Neusilin FH₁] 2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade 1] 3 g, citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1 reagent] 2 g, 350 g of water, and mixed well to make it wet. After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum is inoculated, and cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent mycelium turns around the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium together with the inoculum, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left for 3 hours, then drained, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C, The display value of Humiai 100 is controlled by a timer within the range of 115 to 120%, and coated with a perforated polysheet (trade name Million Mat, manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.) to avoid dew condensation, and cultured for 14 days. And continued to form a fruiting body primordial. The culture medium in which the primordium was formed was uncoated, the illumination was 500 lux, the temperature was 15 ° C., and the humidification was controlled with a timer in the range of 115 to 120% as the display value of Humiai 100, and further cultivation was continued for 10 days. Got the entity. Measure the yield of fruit bodies per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, and the shape of the umbrella per bottle, and add corn oil cake to the medium in the artificial cultivation of the bamboo shimeji. Thus, the effect of the shape of the umbrella of the fruiting body was investigated. The results are shown in Table 4. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0026]
[Table 4]

[0027]
As is clear from Table 4, the shape of the resulting fruit body umbrella is superior in volume feeling mainly in a hemispherical shape or a bun shape.
[0028]
Example 5(Reference example)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood), 10 g of cottonseed oil cake (Okamura Oil Co., Ltd.) and 90 g of rice bran were mixed well with a wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) made of polypropylene, and magnesium aluminate metasilicate [Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd. ) Product name Neusilin FH₁] 2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1], citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1] 2 g, 350 g of water and mixed well to make it wet. After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated, and first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent hyphae turned around on the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium together with the inoculum, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left for 3 hours, then drained, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C, The display value of Humiai 100 is controlled with a timer in the range of 115 to 120%, and coated with a perforated polysheet (trade name Million Mat, manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.) to avoid dew condensation, and cultured for 14 days And continued to form a fruiting body primordial. The culture medium in which the primordium was formed was uncoated, the illumination was 500 lux, the temperature was 15 ° C., and the humidification was controlled with a timer in the range of 115 to 120% as the display value of Humiai 100, and further cultivation was continued for 10 days. Got the entity. Measure the yield of fruit bodies per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, and the shape of the umbrella per bottle, and add cottonseed oil cake to the medium in the artificial cultivation of the bamboo shimeji. Thus, the effect of the shape of the umbrella of the fruiting body was investigated. The results are shown in Table 5. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0029]
[Table 5]

[0030]
As can be seen from Table 5, the shape of the resulting fruit body umbrella is superior in volume, mainly hemispherical and manju-shaped.
[0031]
Example 6(Reference example)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 98 g of sawdust (cedar wood), 10 g of soybean oil koji (manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.), and 100 g of rice koji were mixed well with a wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (850 ml). Product name, Neusilin FH₁] 2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1], citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1] 2 g, 350 g of water and mixed well to make it wet. After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated, and first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent hyphae turned around on the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium together with the inoculum, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left for 3 hours, then drained, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C, The display value of Humiai 100 is controlled by a timer within the range of 115 to 120%, and coated with a perforated polysheet (trade name Million Mat, manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.) to avoid dew condensation, and cultured for 14 days. And continued to form a fruiting body primordial. The culture medium in which the primordium was formed was uncoated, the illumination was 500 lux, the temperature was 15 ° C., and the humidification was controlled with a timer in the range of 115 to 120% as the display value of Humiai 100, and further cultivation was continued for 10 days. Got the entity. For the harvested bamboo shoots, the fruit body yield per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, and the shape of the umbrella per bottle are measured, and soybean oil cake is added to the medium in the artificial cultivation of the bamboo shoots. Thus, the effect of the shape of the umbrella of the fruiting body was investigated. The results are shown in Table 6. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0032]
[Table 6]

[0033]
As can be seen from Table 6, the shape of the resulting umbrella of the fruiting body has an excellent volume feeling mainly of a hemispherical shape or a bun shape.
[0034]
Example 7
In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 53 g of sawdust (cedar wood), 100 g of corn cob, 10 g of defatted sesame (manufactured by Kadoya Oil Co., Ltd.) and 90 g of rice bran are mixed well with a wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (850 ml), and magnesium metasilicate aluminate [Fuji Chemical Product name, Neusilin FH, manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd.₁] 2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1], citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1] 2 g, 350 g of water and mixed well to make it wet. After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated, and first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent hyphae turned around on the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium together with the inoculum, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left for 3 hours, then drained, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C, The display value of Humiai 100 is controlled by a timer within the range of 115 to 120%, and coated with a perforated polysheet (trade name Million Mat, manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.) to avoid dew condensation, and cultured for 14 days. And continued to form a fruiting body primordial. The culture medium on which the primordium was formed was uncovered, the illuminance was 500 lux, the temperature was 15 ° C., and the humidification was controlled by a timer within the range of 115 to 120% as indicated by the Humiai 100. Got the entity. Measure the yield of fruit bodies per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, and the shape of the umbrella per bottle, and add defatted sesame to the medium in the artificial cultivation of hatake shimeji. Thus, the effect of the shape of the umbrella of the fruiting body was investigated. The results are shown in Table 7. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0035]
[Table 7]

[0036]
As can be seen from Table 7, the shape of the resulting fruit body umbrella is superior in volume, mainly hemispherical and manju-shaped.
[0037]
Comparative Example 1
In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood) and 100 g of rice bran are mixed well with a wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (850 ml), and magnesium metasilicate aluminate [manufactured by Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Neusilin FH]₁2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade 1] 3 g, citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1 reagent] 2 g, 350 g of water and mixed well to obtain a wet state After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated, and first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent hyphae turned around on the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium layer about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium, add tap water to the bottle mouth, leave it for 3 hours, drain it, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C, humidification 90%, In order to avoid dew condensation water, it was covered with a perforated polysheet (manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Million Mat) and cultured for 14 days to form a fruiting body primordium. The culture medium on which the primordial group was formed was uncovered and further cultured for 10 days at an illuminance of 500 lux, a temperature of 15 ° C., and a humidified 90% to obtain mature fruiting bodies. For the harvested shimeji mushrooms, the fruit body yield per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, and the shape of the umbrella per bottle were measured. The effect of the umbrella shape of the fruiting body when not added was examined. The results are shown in Table 8. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0038]
[Table 8]

[0039]
As is apparent from Table 8, when the seed defatted product was not added to the culture medium, the shape of the resulting fruit body umbrella was lacking in a flat volume-based volume feeling.
[0040]
Comparative Example 2
In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 53 g of sawdust (cedar wood), 100 g of corn cob, and 100 g of rice bran were mixed well with 850 ml of a wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene, and magnesium metasilicate [manufactured by Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Neusilin FH₁] 2 g, calcium carbonate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1], citric acid monohydrate [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1] 2 g, 350 g of water and mixed well to make it wet. After crushing, a hole having a diameter of about 3 cm was formed in the center, and after plugging, pasteurization was carried out at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by cooling to prepare a solid culture medium. About 15 g of the above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated, and first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 40 days until the apparent hyphae turned around on the culture medium, and further cultivated for 30 days. It was.
Next, after sterilizing the fungus and removing the mycelium layer about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium, add tap water to the bottle mouth, leave it for 3 hours, drain it, illuminance 500 lux, temperature 15 ° C, humidification 90%, In order to avoid condensed water, it was covered with a perforated polysheet (manufactured by Hadano Plastic Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: Million Mat), and cultured for 14 days to form a fruiting body primordium. The culture medium on which the primordial group was formed was uncovered and further cultured for 10 days at an illuminance of 500 lux, a temperature of 15 ° C., and a humidified 90% to obtain mature fruiting bodies. For the harvested bamboo shoots, measure the fruiting body yield per bottle, the number of umbrellas with a diameter of 1 cm or more per bottle, the shape of the umbrella per bottle, and the fruiting body when seed defatted material is not added to the medium. The effect of the umbrella shape was investigated. The results are shown in Table 9. The shape of the umbrella shows the mainstream umbrella shape.
[0041]
[Table 9]

[0042]
As can be seen from Table 9, when the seed defatted product was not added to the medium, the shape of the resulting fruit body umbrella lacked the volume feeling of the main bun shape.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the cultivation method according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a Hatake shimeji fruiting body having an excellent volume feeling other than a flat bun shape, whose umbrella shape is mainly a hemispherical shape or a bun shape.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of a mushroom (child entity).

Claims

ハタケシメジの人工栽培において、脱脂ゴマを有効成分として含有する培地で培養することを特徴とするハタケシメジの人工栽培方法。In artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji, a method for artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji, characterized by culturing in a medium containing defatted sesame as an active ingredient.

脱脂ゴマを有効成分として含有することを特徴とするハタケシメジの人工栽培用材。 A material for artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, characterized by containing defatted sesame as an active ingredient .