JP2012090625A - Culture medium composition for mushroom - Google Patents
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本発明は、おがくずと米糠を含有するキノコ栽培用培地組成物であって、米糠の一部または全部が廃白土で置き換えられていることを特徴とするキノコ栽培用培地組成物に関する。また、該培地組成物を用いたキノコの栽培方法に関する。さらに、該培地組成物を含むキノコを栽培する栽培キットに関する。 The present invention relates to a mushroom culture medium composition containing sawdust and rice bran, wherein a part or all of the rice bran is replaced with waste white clay. Moreover, it is related with the cultivation method of the mushroom using this culture medium composition. Furthermore, it is related with the cultivation kit which grows the mushroom containing this culture medium composition.
近年、キノコなどの栽培においておがくず等に米糠等の栄養源を配合した培養基を用いて、ビンまたは箱で栽培を行う菌床人工栽培法が確立され、１年を通じてキノコを収穫できるようになってきた（例えば、特許文献１参照）。特に食生活上、冬場に需要が増すキノコを栽培するには、３〜４ヶ月の栽培期間を考慮すると、夏場に栽培を始めることが必要となる。しかしながら、キノコ栽培の培地組成物で重要な位置を占める米糠は、白米の需要が減少する夏場においては、供給量が不足し、コスト高となっているのが現状である。このため、需要の増す冬場に、安定した供給ができない場合も起こり、生産コストにも問題が出ている。 In recent years, in the cultivation of mushrooms and the like, a fungus bed artificial cultivation method has been established in which cultivation is carried out in bottles or boxes using a culture medium in which nutrient sources such as rice bran are mixed with sawdust, etc., and mushrooms can be harvested throughout the year. (For example, see Patent Document 1). In particular, in order to cultivate mushrooms whose demand increases in the winter in terms of eating habits, it is necessary to start cultivation in the summer, considering a cultivation period of 3 to 4 months. However, rice bran, which occupies an important position in the medium composition for mushroom cultivation, is currently in short supply and high cost in the summer when demand for white rice decreases. For this reason, there are cases where stable supply is not possible in winter when demand increases, and production costs are also problematic.
そこで、夏場にキノコの栽培を始めるために、米糠の代替となり、かつ、安定的に供給できるキノコ栽培用培地組成物が求められていた。 Therefore, in order to start mushroom cultivation in summer, there has been a demand for a mushroom cultivation medium composition that can replace rice bran and can be stably supplied.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために、米糠の一部または全部の代替となる素材を見いだすために極めて多数の材料につき、膨大な試行錯誤による実験を繰り返した結果、驚くべきことに、活性白土を油脂の脱色等に使用した後に排出される廃白土が米糠の代替となることを見出し、さらに鋭意検討を重ねて、本発明を完成した。 In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have surprisingly conducted numerous trial and error experiments on an extremely large number of materials in order to find a material that can substitute for some or all of rice bran. The present inventors have found that waste clay discharged after using activated clay for decolorization of fats and oils can be an alternative to rice bran, and have further intensively studied to complete the invention.
すなわち、本発明は、
（１）おがくずと米糠を含有するキノコ栽培用培地組成物であって、米糠の一部または全部が廃白土で置き換えられていることを特徴とするキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（２）廃白土に含まれる油脂が植物油であることを特徴とする上記（１）記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（３）植物油が米油、大豆油、ゴマ油、コーン油、綿実油、パーム油、ココナッツ油、オリーブ油、菜種油、サフラワー油またはヒマワリ油であることを特徴とする上記（１）または（２）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（４）廃白土における白土が酸性白土または活性白土であることを特徴とする上記（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（５）廃白土が油脂製造の脱色工程に使用された経歴を有することを特徴とする上記（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（６）さらに植物油の脱ガム工程、脱酸工程、脱臭工程、脱ロウ工程又は脱色工程のいずれかで得た廃棄油を含む上記（１）〜（５）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物。
（７）廃棄油が植物油の脱ガム工程で得た廃棄油である上記（６）に記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（８）米糠の一部又は全部が脱脂糠であることを特徴とする上記（１）〜（７）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（９）キノコが、おがくず−米糠培地にて栽培可能なキノコであることを特徴とする上記（１）〜（８）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（１０）キノコが、ブナシメジ、エノキ、エリンギ、マイタケ、シイタケ、マツタケ、マッシュルーム、ナメコ、トリュフ、ハナビラタケ、アガリクス、サルノコシカケ、ヒラタケ、ナメコ、シロタモギタケまたはマンネンタケであることを特徴とする上記（１）〜（９）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物、
（１１）上記（１）〜（１０）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物を用いてキノコを栽培することを特徴とするキノコの栽培方法、
（１２）上記（１）〜（１０）のいずれかに記載のキノコ栽培用培地組成物を含むキノコ栽培用キット
に関する。
That is, the present invention
(1) A medium composition for cultivating mushrooms containing sawdust and rice bran, wherein a part or all of the rice bran is replaced with waste white clay,
(2) The medium composition for cultivation of mushrooms according to (1) above, wherein the fats and oils contained in the waste white clay are vegetable oils,
(3) The above (1) or (2), wherein the vegetable oil is rice oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil or sunflower oil Medium composition for mushroom cultivation according to any of the above,
(4) The culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the white clay in the waste white clay is an acid clay or an activated clay.
(5) The medium composition for cultivation of mushrooms according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the waste clay has a history of being used in a decolorization step for oil production.
(6) For mushroom cultivation according to any one of the above (1) to (5), further comprising waste oil obtained in any one of the vegetable oil degumming step, deoxidation step, deodorization step, dewaxing step or decolorization step Medium composition.
(7) The medium composition for cultivating mushrooms according to (6) above, wherein the waste oil is a waste oil obtained in a vegetable oil degumming step,
(8) Mushroom cultivation medium composition according to any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein part or all of rice bran is defatted rice bran,
(9) The mushroom cultivation medium composition according to any one of (1) to (8) above, wherein the mushroom is a mushroom that can be cultivated in sawdust-rice bran medium.
(10) The above-mentioned (1), wherein the mushroom is beech swordfish, enoki, eringi, maitake, shiitake, matsutake, mushroom, nameko, truffle, hanabiratake, agaricus, sardine mushroom, oyster mushroom, nameko, shirotakemotake (9) Mushroom cultivation medium composition according to any one of
(11) A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising cultivating mushrooms using the medium composition for cultivating mushrooms according to any one of (1) to (10) above,
(12) The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation kit comprising the mushroom cultivation medium composition according to any one of (1) to (10) above.
本発明によれば、夏場に供給の不足する米糠に変え、安価な廃白土を用いることで、低コストかつ安定的にキノコを供給することができる。また、夏場から安定的にキノコの生産ができるため、キノコの需要の増す冬場に、低コストで十分な量のキノコを供給することができる。
さらに、油脂の脱色工程にて排出される廃白土を有効利用できるため、産業廃棄物の削減及び環境保護にも寄与することができる。
According to the present invention, mushrooms can be stably supplied at low cost by using cheap white clay instead of rice bran which is insufficiently supplied in summer. In addition, since mushrooms can be produced stably from summer, a sufficient amount of mushrooms can be supplied at low cost in winter when demand for mushrooms increases.
Furthermore, since the waste white clay discharged in the fat and oil decolorization step can be used effectively, it can contribute to the reduction of industrial waste and environmental protection.
本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物は、おがくずと米糠を含有するキノコ栽培用培地組成物であって、米糠の一部または全部が廃白土で置き換えられている。 The medium composition for cultivating mushrooms of the present invention is a medium composition for cultivating mushrooms containing sawdust and rice bran, wherein part or all of the rice bran is replaced with waste white clay.
（キノコ）
本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物によって栽培されるキノコとしては、特に限定されないが、おがくず−米糠培地にて栽培可能なキノコであることが好ましい。本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物によって栽培されるキノコとしては、例えば、ブナシメジ、エノキ、エリンギ、マイタケ、シイタケ、マツタケ、マッシュルーム、ナメコ、トリュフ、ハナビラタケ、アガリクス、サルノコシカケ、ヒラタケ、ナメコ、シロタモギタケ、マンネンタケ等が挙げられる。
(mushroom)
Although it does not specifically limit as a mushroom cultivated by the culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation of this invention, It is preferable that it is a mushroom which can be cultivated in a sawdust-rice bran culture medium. Examples of the mushrooms cultivated by the medium composition for cultivating mushrooms of the present invention include beech shimeji, enoki, eringi, maitake, shiitake, matsutake, mushroom, nameko, truffle, hanabiratake, agaricus, sardine mushroom, oyster mushroom, nameko, shirotamotake Mannentake etc. are mentioned.
（米糠）
本発明に使用される米糠は、特に限定されず、いずれの品種の米に由来する米糠であってもよい。本発明に使用される米糠の一部又は全部が脱脂糠であってもよい。すなわち本発明に使用される米糠は、脱脂前の米糠のみ用いてもよいし、脱脂糠のみ用いてもよいし、脱脂前の米糠と脱脂糠を混合して用いてもよい。
(Rice bran)
The rice bran used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a rice bran derived from any variety of rice. Part or all of the rice bran used in the present invention may be defatted rice bran. That is, the rice bran used for this invention may use only the rice bran before defatted, may use only a defatted rice bran, and may mix and use the rice bran before defatted and a defatted bran.
（廃白土）
廃白土は、使用後の白土ものであれば特に限定されないが、油脂製造の脱色工程に使用された経歴を有することが好ましい。廃白土は油脂製造等の製造における産業廃棄物であるため、当該廃白土を用いることで、本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物を低コストで製造することができる。また、植物油の精製工程において使用された廃白土には油脂が付着しているため、当該油脂がキノコの生育に好結果を与えることもできる。
廃白土における白土は特に限定されないが、酸性白土または活性白土であることが好ましい。酸性白土及び活性白土は、一般的な化学成分として、ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ等を含有する。酸性白土及び活性白土は、例えば市販品又は公知の方法により製造したものを用いることができる。
(Waste white clay)
The waste clay is not particularly limited as long as it is a white clay after use, but preferably has a history of being used in the decolorization step of oil production. Since the waste clay is an industrial waste in the production of fats and oils, the medium composition for mushroom cultivation of the present invention can be produced at low cost by using the waste clay. Moreover, since the fats and oils have adhered to the waste clay used in the refinement | purification process of vegetable oil, the said fats and oils can also give a favorable result to the growth of a mushroom.
The white clay in the waste white clay is not particularly limited, but is preferably acid clay or activated clay. Acid clay and activated clay contain SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO and the like as general chemical components. As the acid clay and the activated clay, for example, commercially available products or those manufactured by a known method can be used.
本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物において、米糠と廃白土との使用割合は、本発明の効果を奏する限り特に限定されず、９９．９：０．１〜０：１００（重量比）とすることができ、９９：１〜１：９９（重量比）が好ましく、より好ましくは、９５：５〜４０：６０（重量比）、最も好ましくは、９０：１０〜６０：４０（重量比）である。 In the culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation of the present invention, the use ratio of rice bran and waste white clay is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited, and is 99.9: 0.1 to 0: 100 (weight ratio). 99: 1 to 1:99 (weight ratio) is preferred, more preferably 95: 5 to 40:60 (weight ratio), most preferably 90:10 to 60:40 (weight ratio). is there.
（廃白土に含まれる油脂）
廃白土に含まれる油脂としては、食品衛生上安全な油脂であれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、植物油、動物油、加工油脂等が挙げられる。特に好適には植物油であり、それらの例としては、例えば、米油、大豆油、ゴマ油、コーン油、綿実油、パーム油、ココナッツ油、オリーブ油、菜種油、ヤシ油、サフラワー油、ヒマワリ油、パーム核油、アーモンド油、カシュー油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、マカデミアナッツ油、モンゴンゴ油、ペカン油、松の実油、クルミ油等が挙げられ、キノコの生育性の観点より、米油、大豆油、ゴマ油、コーン油、綿実油、パーム油、ココナッツ油、オリーブ油、菜種油、サフラワー油またはヒマワリ油が好ましい。
廃白土に含まれる油脂である植物油は、植物油の精製工程において白土に付着したものでもよいし、白土に植物油を別途添加してもよい。
廃白土と植物油の含有比は特に限定されず、例えば９５：５〜４０：６０（重量比）とすることができ、９０：１０〜７０：３０とすることが好ましい。
(Oil and fat contained in waste white clay)
The fats and oils contained in the waste clay are not particularly limited as long as they are safe for food hygiene, and examples include vegetable oils, animal oils, processed fats and oils, and the like. Particularly preferred are vegetable oils, for example, rice oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, palm Examples include kernel oil, almond oil, cashew oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia nut oil, mongongo oil, pecan oil, pine nut oil, and walnut oil. From the viewpoint of mushroom growth, rice oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, corn Oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil or sunflower oil are preferred.
The vegetable oil that is the fat and oil contained in the waste clay may be one that adheres to the clay in the refining process of the vegetable oil, or the vegetable oil may be added separately to the clay.
The content ratio of waste clay and vegetable oil is not specifically limited, For example, it can be set to 95: 5-40: 60 (weight ratio), and it is preferable to set it as 90: 10-70: 30.
（廃棄油）
本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物は、さらに植物油の脱ガム工程、脱酸工程、脱臭工程、脱ロウ工程又は脱色工程のいずれかで得た廃棄油を含むことが好ましい。廃棄油は植物油の脱ガム工程で得た廃棄油であることがより好ましい。廃棄油を用いることで、本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物を低コストで製造することができる。
廃棄油は、植物油の脱ガム工程、脱酸工程、脱臭工程、脱ロウ工程又は脱色工程で得られたものであれば特に限定されない。廃棄油を得るための植物油としては、例えば、米油、大豆油、ゴマ油、コーン油、綿実油、パーム油、ココナッツ油、オリーブ油、菜種油、ヤシ油、サフラワー油、ヒマワリ油、パーム核油、アーモンド油、カシュー油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、マカデミアナッツ油、モンゴンゴ油、ペカン油、松の実油、クルミ油等が挙げられる。廃棄油は、上記廃白土に含まれる植物油と同じ植物油に由来するものでもよく、異なる植物油に由来するものでもよい。
廃棄油の添加量は特に限定されず、例えばキノコ栽培用培地組成物１００重量部に対し０．１〜４０重量部とすることができ、５〜３０重量部とすることが好ましい。
(Waste oil)
It is preferable that the culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation of the present invention further includes waste oil obtained in any of the vegetable oil degumming step, deoxidation step, deodorization step, dewaxing step, and decolorization step. More preferably, the waste oil is a waste oil obtained in a vegetable oil degumming step. By using waste oil, the culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation of the present invention can be produced at low cost.
The waste oil is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained in a vegetable oil degumming step, a deoxidizing step, a deodorizing step, a dewaxing step, or a decoloring step. Examples of vegetable oils for obtaining waste oil include rice oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, palm kernel oil, almond Oil, cashew oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia nut oil, mongongo oil, pecan oil, pine nut oil, walnut oil and the like. The waste oil may be derived from the same vegetable oil as the vegetable oil contained in the waste clay, or may be derived from a different vegetable oil.
The addition amount of waste oil is not specifically limited, For example, it can be 0.1-40 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of culture medium compositions for mushroom cultivation, It is preferable to set it as 5-30 weight part.
（おがくず）
本発明に使用されるおがくずとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、クヌギ、ナラ、ブナ、シイ等の広葉樹のおがくず、スギ等の針葉樹のおがくずが好ましい。
おがくずと米糠の使用割合は、特に限定されず、従来公知の割合によることができる。おがくずと米糠の使用割合は、例えば１：９〜９：１（重量比）とすることが好ましい。
(Sawdust)
The sawdust used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, sawdust from hardwood such as kunugi, oak, beech and shii, and sawdust from coniferous trees such as cedar.
The use ratio of sawdust and rice bran is not particularly limited, and can be based on a conventionally known ratio. The use ratio of sawdust and rice bran is preferably, for example, 1: 9 to 9: 1 (weight ratio).
（任意成分）
本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物は、任意成分として栄養剤、添加剤及び他の成分を含むことができる。栄養剤、添加剤及び他の成分は、本発明の効果を達成できる範囲で、従来公知のものを自由に組み合わせて用いることが可能である。
(Optional component)
The culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation of the present invention can contain nutrients, additives and other components as optional components. Nutrients, additives, and other components can be used in any combination of conventionally known ones as long as the effects of the present invention can be achieved.
栄養剤、添加剤としては、例えば、コーンコブ、コーンブラン、グレインソルガム、トウモロコシの茎、ワタミガラ、マメカワ、フスマ、キトサン、オカラ、マイロ、ビートパルプ、ビタミン、ミネラル、タンパク質（大豆粕、大豆ミール、コーングルテンフィード、ポテトプロテイン、綿実粕、ナタネ粕、ラッカセイ粕、トウフ粕、酒粕、ビール粕、乾燥ビール酵母等）、糖分、タカラクリーン（宝酒造株式会社製、登録商標）、キノコライム（丸栄株式会社製、登録商標）等が挙げられる。栄養剤及び添加剤は、市販品を用いてもよいし、公知の方法により製造してもよい。
他の成分としては、例えば、稲わら、麦わら、とうもろこしの雌花穂の中軸、ふすま、もみがら、枯草類を破砕、粉砕した有機質材、もしくは珪藻土、白土、火山灰質土等の無機質材、山土、松林の土などの松茸の培養に適した土壌に所要量の白土、腐葉土を混合したもの、窒素源、ビタミン、ミネラル、糖分等が挙げられる。
Examples of nutrients and additives include corn cob, corn bran, grain sorghum, corn stalk, cotton bean, mameka, fusuma, chitosan, okara, milo, beet pulp, vitamins, minerals, protein (soybean meal, soybean meal, corn Gluten feed, potato protein, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, tofu meal, sake lees, beer meal, dried beer yeast, etc.), sugar, Takara Clean (registered trademark by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.), mushroom lime (Maruei Co., Ltd.) Manufactured, registered trademark) and the like. A commercial item may be used for a nutrient and an additive, and you may manufacture by a well-known method.
Other components include, for example, organic materials obtained by crushing and crushing rice straw, wheat straw, corn female ears, bran, rice husk, and hay, or inorganic materials such as diatomaceous earth, white earth, volcanic ash earth, and mountain soil. , Soils suitable for cultivation of matsutake mushrooms, such as pine forest soil, a mixture of required amounts of white clay and humus, nitrogen source, vitamins, minerals, sugars, etc.
（キノコ栽培用培地組成物の製造方法）
本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物は、例えばおがくずと廃白土、所望により米糠、廃棄油及び他の任意成分を混合することによって製造することができる。各成分の混合方法は特に限定されず、例えば常法により行うことができる。
本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物は、さらに殺菌処理を行うことが好ましい。殺菌処理は特に限定されず、例えば常法により行うことができる。
本発明のキノコ栽培用培地組成物は、少量の消石灰やＰＨ５〜６の酸性水を加えることで、栽培するキノコに適したＰＨとすることができる。
(Manufacturing method of medium composition for mushroom cultivation)
The medium composition for mushroom cultivation of the present invention can be produced, for example, by mixing sawdust and waste clay, and optionally rice bran, waste oil and other optional components. The mixing method of each component is not specifically limited, For example, it can carry out by a conventional method.
The medium composition for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is preferably further sterilized. The sterilization treatment is not particularly limited, and can be performed by, for example, a conventional method.
The medium composition for mushroom cultivation of the present invention can be made into a PH suitable for mushrooms to be cultivated by adding a small amount of slaked lime or acidic water of PH 5-6.
（キノコ栽培用キット）
本発明のキノコ栽培用キットは、上記キノコ栽培用培地組成物を用いる。本発明のキノコ栽培用キットは、キノコ栽培用培地組成物にキノコ菌を接種したものであり、キノコ栽培用容器により供給されていてもよい。本発明のキノコ栽培用キットは、水の添加、温度の調節等によりキノコの生育に好適な環境におくことで、キノコを栽培することができる。
本発明のキノコ栽培用キットに接種するキノコの種菌としては、上記したキノコと同じものが挙げられる。本発明のキノコ栽培用キットに用いるキノコの種菌としては特に限定されない。キノコ栽培に用いるキノコの種菌は、市販のキノコあるいは天然に生じる子実体から採取した菌糸または組織から作成してもよいし、寄託機関あるいは研究機関に保存されている菌株を入手して培養して得られた菌糸または組織から作成してもよい。
またキノコの種菌の接種方法は特に限定されず、常法により行うことができる。
本発明のキノコ栽培用キットに用いるキノコ栽培用容器としては、その形状、大きさ、材料等は特に制限されず、栽培するキノコの種類により適宜選択して用いることができる。キノコ栽培用容器は、滅菌処理に耐える容器であることが好ましい。キノコ栽培用容器の容量としては、例えば７００ml、８００ml、８５０ml、あるいは１０００mlのものが挙げられる。キノコ栽培用容器の口径としては、例えば６５mm、５８mm、あるいは５２mmのものが挙げられる。キノコ栽培用容器の素材としては、例えばポリ容器、ビン容器、箱容器等が挙げられる。
(Mushroom cultivation kit)
The mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention uses the above mushroom cultivation medium composition. The mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention is a mushroom cultivation medium composition inoculated with mushrooms, and may be supplied by a mushroom cultivation container. The mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention can be cultivated by placing it in an environment suitable for mushroom growth by adding water, adjusting the temperature, and the like.
Examples of the inoculum of the mushroom inoculated into the mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention include the same ones as described above. The inoculum of the mushroom used in the mushroom cultivation kit of the present invention is not particularly limited. Mushroom inoculum used for mushroom cultivation may be prepared from hyphae or tissue collected from commercially available mushrooms or naturally occurring fruiting bodies, or after obtaining and cultivating a strain stored in a depository or research institution. You may make from the obtained mycelium or tissue.
Moreover, the inoculation method of the mushroom seed | inoculum is not specifically limited, It can carry out by a conventional method.
The shape, size, material and the like of the container for mushroom cultivation used in the kit for mushroom cultivation of the present invention are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected and used depending on the type of mushroom to be cultivated. The container for mushroom cultivation is preferably a container that can withstand sterilization. As a capacity | capacitance of the container for mushroom cultivation, the thing of 700 ml, 800 ml, 850 ml, or 1000 ml is mentioned, for example. Examples of the diameter of the mushroom cultivation container include 65 mm, 58 mm, and 52 mm. As a raw material of the container for mushroom cultivation, a plastic container, a bottle container, a box container etc. are mentioned, for example.
（キノコの栽培方法）
本発明のキノコの栽培方法は、上記キノコ栽培用培地組成物を用いる。本発明のキノコの栽培方法は、キノコ菌の種類に応じて適当な方法により実施することができるが、従来十分に確立されているのでこれらに従ってもよい。本発明のキノコの栽培方法は、例えば図１及び図２に示したものが挙げられる。
本発明のキノコの栽培方法に用いるキノコの種菌及びキノコ栽培用容器としては、上記キノコ栽培用キットと同じものが挙げられる。
本発明のキノコの栽培方法は、例えば約１５〜２８℃の温度で数週間〜数カ月の期間を費やすことで実施することができる。
(Mushroom cultivation method)
The mushroom cultivation method of the present invention uses the above-mentioned mushroom cultivation medium composition. Although the cultivation method of the mushroom of this invention can be implemented by a suitable method according to the kind of mushroom microbe, since it is well established conventionally, you may follow these. Examples of the method for cultivating mushrooms of the present invention include those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Examples of the mushroom inoculum and the container for mushroom cultivation used in the method for cultivating mushrooms of the present invention include the same ones as the above-mentioned mushroom cultivation kit.
The mushroom cultivation method of the present invention can be carried out, for example, by spending a period of several weeks to several months at a temperature of about 15 to 28 ° C.
以下に実施例を示し、さらに本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
栽培きのこ収穫管理基準
以下の基準を用いてキノコの収穫管理を行った。
Mushroom harvest management was carried out using criteria below the cultivation mushroom harvest management standard .
（ブナシメジ）
菌回り完了日：培養ビン16本(1ケース)あたり14本菌回りが完了した日
収穫完了日：生育ビン16本(1ケース)あたり14本収穫が完了した日
一株の揃い(株揃)：傘の大きさの揃い、茎の長さやそろいの良否を5段階で評価（評価：1(良)−2(やや良い)−3(中)−4(やや否)−5(否)）
一株の収量(収量)：きのこをビンからとり株もとのオガコを取り除き計量
一株の高さ(株高)：きのこの株元から傘上までの長さを測定
傘の直径(傘径)：一株内の平均的な大きさの傘(目安5番目に大きい傘)の長さを測定
傘の厚さ(傘厚)：傘径を測定後、傘の厚さを測定
茎の直径(茎径)：傘厚を測定後、傘下の茎の直径を測定
有効茎数(茎数)：一株内で傘の径が1cm以上の大きさ茎を数える
傘の奇形(奇形)：傘の形が楕円等の変形した茎数を数える
(Bunashimeji)
Bacterial completion date: Day when 14 bacteria were completed per 16 culture bottles (1 case) Harvest completion date: Day when 14 harvests were completed per 16 growth bottles (1 case) : Umbrella size alignment, stem length and alignment quality evaluated in 5 stages (Evaluation: 1 (good) -2 (slightly good) -3 (medium) -4 (slightly bad) -5 (not good))
Yield of one stock (yield): Remove mushrooms from the bottle and remove the original saw bite. Weigh the height of one stock (stock height): Measure the length from the mushroom stock to the top of the umbrella. ): Measure the length of an umbrella of the average size in the stock (the fifth largest umbrella) Umbrella thickness (umbrella thickness): Measure the umbrella diameter and then measure the umbrella thickness (Stem diameter): After measuring the thickness of the umbrella, measure the diameter of the stalks under the umbrella. Number of effective stalks (number of stalks): Count the stalks whose diameter is 1 cm or more in one strain. Umbrella malformation (deformation): Umbrella Count the number of deformed stems such as ellipse
（エノキ）
菌回り完了日：培養ビン16本(1ケース)あたり14本菌回りが完了した日
収穫完了日：生育ビン16本(1ケース)あたり14本収穫が完了した日
一株の揃い(株揃)：傘の大きさの揃い、茎の長さやそろいの良否を5段階で評価（評価：1(良)−2(やや良い)−3(中)−4(やや否)−5(否)）
一株の収量(収量)：きのこをビンからとり株もとのオガコを取り除き計量
一株の高さ(株高)：収穫後、基部のオガを取り除いた後の高さ（ｍｍ）を測定
傘の直径(傘径)：一株内の平均的な大きさの傘径（ｍｍ）を測定
傘の厚さ(傘厚)：一株内の平均的な大きさの傘厚（ｍｍ）を測定
茎の直径(茎径)：一株内の平均的な大きさの茎径（ｍｍ）を測定
傘の奇形(奇形)：真上から見た際に奇形である本数を数えた
(Enoki)
Bacterial completion date: Day when 14 bacteria were completed per 16 culture bottles (1 case) Harvest completion date: Day when 14 harvests were completed per 16 growth bottles (1 case) : Umbrella size alignment, stem length and alignment quality evaluated in 5 stages (Evaluation: 1 (good) -2 (slightly good) -3 (medium) -4 (slightly bad) -5 (not good))
Yield (yield) of one stock: Take mushrooms from the bottle and remove the original saw bite. Weigh the height of one stock (stock height): After harvesting, measure the height (mm) after removing the base saw. Diameter (umbrella diameter): Umbrella diameter (mm) of the average size within a stock Umbrella thickness (umbrella thickness): Umbrella thickness (mm) of the average size within a stock is measured Stem diameter (stem diameter): Measure stem diameter (mm) of average size in one strain Umbrella malformation (deformation): Count the number of malformations when viewed from directly above
製造例１：ブナシメジ(やまびこしめじ)の栽培
ブナシメジ(やまびこしめじ)の栽培方法自体は従来十分に確立されており、本発明においてもそれに従ってよい。より詳しくは、ブナシメジを常法に従って以下のように栽培し、収穫した。
Production Example 1: Cultivation of Beech Shimeji (Yamabushi Shimeji) The cultivation method of beech shimeji (Yamabikoshimeji) has been well established in the past, and may be followed in the present invention. More specifically, Bunashimeji was cultivated and harvested as follows according to a conventional method.
１．栽培条件
品種：ＮＮ−１２（長野県ブナシメジ主要品種）
培地：ＹＫＢ−１培地（培地水分率；65%（w/w）、培地詰め重；505g±10g、おがくず；スギ、栄養剤；1ビン当たり130g(米糠と廃白土の総量50g・コーンコブミール30g・ワタミガラ30g・マメカワ20g)、添加剤；タカラクリーン（宝酒造株式会社製）2.5g、表１参照）
1. Cultivated varieties: NN-12 (Bunashimeji, Nagano Prefecture)
Medium: YKB-1 medium (medium moisture content: 65% (w / w), medium filling weight: 505 g ± 10 g, sawdust; cedar, nutrients: 130 g per bottle (total amount of rice bran and waste white clay 50 g, corn cob meal 30 g・ Wattamigara 30g ・ Mamekawa 20g), additive: Takara Clean (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) 2.5g, see Table 1)
栽培容器：ポリプロピレン製ビン、ポリプロピレン製キャップ（口径58mm、容量850mL）
培地殺菌：ボイラー式高圧殺菌釜、殺菌温度118℃、殺菌時間30分
接種：種菌量1ビン当たり10g
培養および熟成：温度22℃±1℃、湿度70±5%、80〜90日(菌回り30〜35日)（※ビン培地内に菌糸が蔓延するまでが培養、培養完了後菌かきまでが熟成）
菌かき：まんじゅう型菌かき、加水約1時間
芽出し：温度15℃±1℃、湿度100%、薄暗い場所、菌かき後1〜12日（※菌かき後7日前後有孔ポリフィルムで被覆）
生育：温度15℃±1℃、湿度100%、光照射・白色蛍光灯1000Lux(12h/1日・15分ON-OFF)、菌かき後12日目から光照射開始
収穫：子実体の傘が7〜8分開きになったら実施
Cultivation container: polypropylene bottle, polypropylene cap (caliber 58mm, capacity 850mL)
Medium sterilization: boiler high-pressure sterilization pot, sterilization temperature 118 ° C, sterilization time 30 minutes Inoculation: 10g of inoculum per bottle
Cultivation and ripening: Temperature 22 ° C ± 1 ° C, humidity 70 ± 5%, 80-90 days (bacteria around 30-35 days) Aging)
Fungi persimmon: Manju-type fungi persimmon, water added for about 1 hour Sprouting: Temperature 15 ° C ± 1 ° C, humidity 100%, dimly lit place, 1-12 days after fungi scraping (* Covered with a porous poly film around 7 days after fungi scavenging)
Growth: Temperature 15 ° C ± 1 ° C, humidity 100%, light irradiation, white fluorescent light 1000Lux (12h / 1 day, 15 minutes ON-OFF), light irradiation started from the 12th day after fungus harvest Harvest: fruit body umbrella Implemented after 7-8 minutes
２．試験結果
試験結果を表２に示す。なお、数値は２回栽培の平均値を示す。
2. Test results The test results are shown in Table 2. In addition, a numerical value shows the average value of 2 times cultivation.
表２から、米糠を含有するキノコ栽培用培地組成物において、廃白土を米糠の一部として使用し、米糠のみを用いた培地と同程度またはこれを上回る株揃及び収量のキノコを栽培できることが分かる。 From Table 2, in a mushroom cultivation medium composition containing rice bran, it is possible to cultivate mushrooms with a stock assortment and yield similar to or higher than a medium using only rice bran, using waste white clay as part of rice bran. I understand.
製造例２：エノキ（えのきたけ）の栽培
エノキ（えのきたけ）の栽培方法自体は従来十分に確立されており、本発明においてもそれに従ってよい。より詳しくは、エノキを常法に従って以下のように栽培し、収穫した。
Production Example 2: Cultivation of Enoki (Enokitake) The method for cultivating enoki (Enokitake) has been well established in the past, and may be followed in the present invention. More specifically, enoki was cultivated and harvested as follows according to a conventional method.
１．栽培条件
品種：長野農工研Ｇ−５（Ｆ）号（社団法人長野県農村工業研究所）
培地：Ｆ−ＹＫ２培地（培地水分率；65%（w/w）、培地詰め重；580g±10g、栄養剤；1ビン当たり198g(米糠と培地素材の総量75g・コーンコブ70g・ビート34g・フスマ16g・ワタミガラ10g・グレインソルガム12g・大豆粕6g)、添加剤；キノコライム（丸栄株式会社製）4g、表３参照
1. Cultivated varieties: Nagano Agricultural Research Institute G-5 (F) (Nagano Prefectural Rural Industrial Research Institute)
Medium: F-YK2 medium (medium moisture content: 65% (w / w), medium filling weight: 580g ± 10g, nutrients: 198g per bottle (total amount of rice bran and medium material 75g, corn cob 70g, beet 34g, bran 16g, Cottonseed 10g, Grain sorghum 12g, Soybean cake 6g), Additives: Mushroom lime (manufactured by Maruei Co., Ltd.) 4g, see Table 3
栽培容器：ポリプロピレン製ビン、ポリプロピレン製キャップ（口径58mm、容量850mL）
培地殺菌：ボイラー式高圧殺菌釜、殺菌温度118℃、殺菌時間30分
接種：種菌量1ビン当たり10g
培養：温度17℃±1℃、湿度70±5%、22日前後で菌かき
（エノキは他のキノコと異なり、菌回りした後に数日培養を続けると芽出しの揃いが悪くなったり、終了が低下したりする場合がある。そのため８割〜菌回り完了後直ぐに菌かきを行った。）
菌かき：ぶっかき後菌かき、菌かき面に水を軽く噴霧
芽出し：温度14℃±1℃、湿度95%、暗黒状態、菌かき後1０〜１１日で抑制工程に移動
抑制：温度4.5℃±0.5℃、湿度95％前後、暗黒状態、子実体がビン口から0.5〜1cm程度に生長した後、上面から光を照射（２ｈ／day、２〜３日間）
紙巻き：ビン口に紙を巻き、生育工程に移動
（エノキの栽培方法は、生産者や品種により異なる。例えば、大規模栽培施設では１ルーム栽培方式（大型の栽培室にて、芽出し〜収穫まで空調を管理して栽培）を用いる。本実施例において、各工程用の部屋を設け、栽培容器を移動させる方式を用いた。）
生育：温度5℃±1℃、湿度90%前後、暗黒状態
収穫：子実体の傘が7〜8分開きになったら実施
Cultivation container: polypropylene bottle, polypropylene cap (caliber 58mm, capacity 850mL)
Medium sterilization: boiler high-pressure sterilization pot, sterilization temperature 118 ° C, sterilization time 30 minutes Inoculation: 10g of inoculum per bottle
Cultivation: temperature 17 ± 1 ° C, humidity 70 ± 5%, mushroom mushrooms around 22 days (unlike other mushrooms, the energization of the buds will be worsened or terminated if the culture is continued for several days after the bacteria have been rotated. As a result, 80% to 80% of fungi were wiped immediately after completion.
Bacterial oysters: Bacterial scents, lightly sprayed with water on the surface. Sprouting: Temperature 14 ° C ± 1 ° C, humidity 95%, dark state, move to suppression process 10 to 11 days after bacterial control Suppression: Temperature 4.5 ° C ± 0.5 ° C, humidity around 95%, dark state, fruit body grows about 0.5-1cm from bottle mouth, then irradiates light from top (2h / day, 2-3 days)
Paper roll: Paper is wrapped around the bottle mouth and moved to the growing process (Enoki cultivation methods vary depending on producers and varieties. For example, in large-scale cultivation facilities, one-room cultivation method (from budding to harvesting in a large cultivation room) In this example, a room for each process was provided and the cultivation container was moved.)
Growth: Temperature 5 ° C ± 1 ° C, humidity around 90%, dark state Harvest: Conducted when fruit body umbrella opens 7-8 minutes
２．試験結果
試験結果を表４に示す。なお、数値は２回栽培の平均値を示す。
2. Test results The test results are shown in Table 4. In addition, a numerical value shows the average value of 2 times cultivation.
表４から、米糠を含有するキノコ栽培用培地組成物において、廃白土を米糠の一部として使用し、米糠のみを用いた培地と同程度の株揃及び収量のキノコを栽培できることが分かる。 It can be seen from Table 4 that in the mushroom cultivation medium composition containing rice bran, waste white clay can be used as part of the rice bran, and mushrooms with the same stock and yield as the medium using only rice bran can be cultivated.
製造例３：エノキ（えのきたけ）の栽培
１．栽培条件
脱脂糠１００重量部に対し、パーム油廃油白土を２００重量部混合し、培地素材（A）とした。また、脱脂糠１００重量部に対し、ナタネ油廃油白土を２００重量部混合し、培地素材（B）とした。
各実施例及び比較例の組成を表５の通りとした以外は製造例２と同様に実験を行った。
Production Example 3: Cultivation of Enoki (Enokitake) 200 parts by weight of palm oil waste white clay was mixed with 100 parts by weight of cultivated defatted rice cake to obtain a medium material (A). Further, 200 parts by weight of rapeseed oil waste oil clay was mixed with 100 parts by weight of the defatted lees to obtain a medium material (B).
Experiments were conducted in the same manner as in Production Example 2 except that the compositions of each Example and Comparative Example were as shown in Table 5.
２．試験結果
試験結果を表６に示す。なお、数値は１回栽培の値を示す。
表６から、米糠を含有するキノコ栽培用培地組成物において、米糠の一部を脱脂糠及び廃白土の混合物に置き換えた場合、米糠のみを用いた培地を上回る株揃及び収量のキノコを栽培できることが分かる。 From Table 6, in a mushroom cultivation medium composition containing rice bran, when part of the rice bran is replaced with a mixture of defatted porridge and waste white clay, mushrooms with a greater stock and yield than a medium using only rice bran can be grown. I understand.
製造例４：エノキ（えのきたけ）の栽培
１．栽培条件
脱脂糠49重量部、米油の脱ガム工程で得られた廃棄油11重量部及び米油廃白土40重量部を混合し、培地素材（C）とした。
各実施例及び比較例の組成を表７の通りとした以外は製造例２と同様に実験を行った。
Production Example 4: Cultivation of Enoki (Enokitake) Cultivation conditions 49 parts by weight of defatted rice cake, 11 parts by weight of waste oil obtained in the degumming process of rice oil, and 40 parts by weight of rice oil waste clay were mixed to obtain a medium material (C).
Experiments were conducted in the same manner as in Production Example 2 except that the compositions of each Example and Comparative Example were as shown in Table 7.
２．試験結果
試験結果を表８に示す。なお、数値は２回栽培の平均値を示す。
2. Test results The test results are shown in Table 8. In addition, a numerical value shows the average value of 2 times cultivation.
表６から、米糠を含有するキノコ栽培用培地組成物において、米糠の一部を廃白土で置き換え、米糠の一部が脱脂糠である培地を用い、培地に廃棄油を添加した場合、米糠のみを用いた培地と同程度またはこれを上回る株揃及び収量のキノコを栽培できることが分かる。 From Table 6, in the medium composition for cultivation of mushrooms containing rice bran, when a part of the rice bran is replaced with waste white clay, a medium in which a part of the rice bran is defatted rice bran and waste oil is added to the medium, only rice bran It can be seen that mushrooms can be cultivated with a stock and yield that is the same as or higher than that of the medium using the.
本発明によれば、夏場に供給が不足する米糠の代わりに廃白土を用いてキノコの工業的有利な栽培を始めることができるので、キノコの需要の増す冬場に、低コストでキノコを安定して供給することができる。また、活性白土を油脂の脱色等に使用した後に排出される産業廃棄物である廃白土を有効に利用することができるため、産業廃棄物の削減及び環境への負荷を減少することができる。
よって、本発明は産業上利用可能である。
According to the present invention, it is possible to start industrially advantageous cultivation of mushrooms using waste white clay instead of rice bran, which is insufficient for supply in summer, so that mushrooms can be stabilized at low cost in winter when the demand for mushrooms increases. Can be supplied. Moreover, since the activated white clay can be used effectively as waste white clay, which is an industrial waste discharged after using the activated white clay for decolorization of fats and oils, it is possible to reduce industrial waste and reduce the burden on the environment.
Therefore, the present invention can be used industrially.
Claims (12)
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| CN103304333A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-09-18 | 广西巴马原生长寿食品有限公司 | Culture medium for lucid ganoderma and culture method |
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| CN105272700A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-27 | 济南舜昊生物科技有限公司 | Straw mushroom compost and preparation method thereof |
| CN105272699A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-27 | 济南舜昊生物科技有限公司 | White beech mushroom compost and preparation method thereof |
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