JP4082347B2 - プラズマインジェクター及び排ガス浄化システム - Google Patents
プラズマインジェクター及び排ガス浄化システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4082347B2 JP4082347B2 JP2003421358A JP2003421358A JP4082347B2 JP 4082347 B2 JP4082347 B2 JP 4082347B2 JP 2003421358 A JP2003421358 A JP 2003421358A JP 2003421358 A JP2003421358 A JP 2003421358A JP 4082347 B2 JP4082347 B2 JP 4082347B2
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- plasma
- reducing agent
- exhaust gas
- injector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/922—Mixtures of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/925—Simultaneous elimination of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
本発明のプラズマインジェクターの概略を図2に関して説明する。
本発明の排ガス浄化システムは、図6に示すようなものであってよい。
一般に知られているようにプラズマとは、自由運動する正と負の電荷をもつ2種以上の荷電粒子が共存する物質状態を意味する。従ってプラズマ状態では、存在する物質は高いポテンシャルエネルギーを有し、還元剤をプラズマ状態にし、ラジカル化、クラッキングを行って、反応性の高い低分子量成分に転化することができる。また還元剤が液滴状態で供給された場合にも瞬時に気化し、ラジカル化、クラッキングして、反応性の高い低分子量成分に転化することができる。
結合誘導プラズマは、プラズマを発生させる空間の周囲に巻いた誘導コイルに高周波電流を流し、誘導コイル内に磁場を発生させ、渦電流を発生させ、それによって誘導的に発生させるプラズマをいう。ここで使用する高周波電流としては、例えば2〜50MHz、特に3〜40MHzの周波数を用いることができる。
放電プラズマは、電極間の放電によって生じる高エネルギーの電子を気体分子に衝突させ、それによって気体分子をプラスイオンとマイナスイオンとにすることによって発生させるプラズマをいう。この放電プラズマを発生させるためには、任意の放電形態を使用できるが、アーク放電、又はコロナ放電、例えばバリア放電を利用できる。
マイクロ波プラズマは、マグネトロンのようなマイクロ波発生装置で発生させたマイクロ波、例えば周波数2.54GHz程度のマイクロ波を、導波管を経由させてアンテナから照射し、電場強度を強めて発生させるプラズマをいう。
還元剤を少なくとも部分的にプラズマ化することによって瞬時に還元剤の気化、ラジカル化、クラッキングを行えること自体は、プラズマの非常に高いエネルギー状態を考慮すれば充分に当業者に明らかである。しかしながら以下では、炭化水素(C13H28)のプラズマ化によってクラッキング等が行われることを実験によって確認した。
10a…インジェクターの制御線
12…ノズル
13…ノズル12内部の中空空間
14…ニードル弁
15…還元剤供給通路
16…ノズル12内の環状流路
18…ノズル先端部分
19…ノズル先端部分18の噴射孔
20…プラズマ
30…結合誘導プラズマ発生手段
32、42…カップ
33…誘導コイル
35、45…電源
36…マッチングボックス
40…放電プラズマ発生手段
43…絶縁性材料
54…マイクロ波
52…プラズマ励起体
56…ガス流れ方向を示す矢印
70…本発明の排ガス浄化システム
76…排気管
72…NOx浄化触媒
74…ケーシング
92…中空円筒状電極
92a…中空円筒状電極92の先端部
93…電源
94…棒状電極
94a…棒状電極94の先端部
96…ノズル内のガス流れ流路
98…ノズル内のガス流れ方向を示す矢印
Claims (8)
- 還元剤を噴射するインジェクターであって、
噴射ノズルと、
前記噴射ノズルの先端部分の噴射口近傍の領域である還元剤を噴射される空間の全体ではなく一部の領域においてのみ、プラズマを発生させるプラズマ発生手段と
を有し、且つ還元剤を液滴状態で噴射し、そして噴射された液滴状態の還元剤を、少なくとも部分的にプラズマ化して気化させることを特徴とする、プラズマインジェクター。 - 前記プラズマ発生手段が、前記噴射ノズルの先端部分に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のプラズマインジェクター。
- 前記プラズマが結合誘導プラズマであり、噴射ノズルの先端部分に配置された前記プラズマ発生手段が、噴射口を囲むカップ状部分とこのカップ状部分の周囲の誘導コイルとを有し、且つ前記カップ状部分が電磁波を透過させる材料で作られている、請求項2に記載のプラズマインジェクター。
- 前記プラズマが放電プラズマであり、噴射ノズルの先端部分に配置された前記プラズマ発生手段が噴射口を囲むカップ状部分を有し、このカップ状部分が半導体性材料又は導電性材料で作られており、且つ前記カップ状部分とノズル先端部分とが電気的に絶縁されてそれぞれが対電極となるようにされている、請求項2に記載のプラズマインジェクター。
- 前記プラズマが、放電プラズマ、マイクロ波プラズマ又は結合誘導プラズマであることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のプラズマインジェクター。
- 排気管内に設けた触媒の上流側において還元剤を噴射する排ガス浄化システムであって、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のプラズマインジェクターによって前記還元剤を噴射することを特徴とする、排ガス浄化システム。
- 前記触媒がNOx浄化触媒である、請求項6に記載の排ガス浄化システム。
- 排ガス管内に設けた触媒の上流側において、インジェクターによって還元剤を噴射する排ガス浄化システムであって、前記インジェクターの噴射口近傍の領域である前記排ガス管の全径にわたってではなく直径方向で一部の領域においてのみ、プラズマを発生させることを特徴とする、排ガス浄化システム。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003421358A JP4082347B2 (ja) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | プラズマインジェクター及び排ガス浄化システム |
CNB2004800379031A CN100540857C (zh) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-15 | 等离子体喷射器、排气净化***、及还原剂喷射方法 |
EP04807484A EP1705346B1 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-15 | Plasma injector, exhaust gas purifying system, and method for injecting reducing agent |
PCT/JP2004/019127 WO2005059325A1 (ja) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-15 | プラズマインジェクター、排ガス浄化システム、及び還元剤噴射方法 |
US10/583,311 US7481043B2 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-15 | Plasma injector, exhaust gas purifying system and method for injecting reducing agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003421358A JP4082347B2 (ja) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | プラズマインジェクター及び排ガス浄化システム |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2005180289A JP2005180289A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
JP4082347B2 true JP4082347B2 (ja) | 2008-04-30 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2003421358A Expired - Fee Related JP4082347B2 (ja) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | プラズマインジェクター及び排ガス浄化システム |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7481043B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1705346B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4082347B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100540857C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005059325A1 (ja) |
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2004
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- 2004-12-15 CN CNB2004800379031A patent/CN100540857C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP1705346A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
EP1705346A4 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
US7481043B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
JP2005180289A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
US20070261397A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
CN1894490A (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
CN100540857C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
WO2005059325A1 (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
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