JP4072239B2 - Evaluation method of skin tightening effect - Google Patents

Evaluation method of skin tightening effect Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4072239B2
JP4072239B2 JP09300998A JP9300998A JP4072239B2 JP 4072239 B2 JP4072239 B2 JP 4072239B2 JP 09300998 A JP09300998 A JP 09300998A JP 9300998 A JP9300998 A JP 9300998A JP 4072239 B2 JP4072239 B2 JP 4072239B2
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Prior art keywords
skin
thickness
luminance
tightness
measured
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JPH11290315A (en
Inventor
努 藤村
和枝 塚原
繁 森脇
吉則 武馬
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、皮膚の引き締まり効果をイン ビボ(in vivo)で評価する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
皮膚のはりの喪失は、加齢に伴いNMF、セラミド、皮脂等が減少し、水分保持機能が減少して乾燥や紫外線等の外界からの刺激に対する抵抗性が低下すること等により生じる。かかるはりの喪失を回復させ、皮膚に引き締まり感を付与するための様々な研究が行われている。
【0003】
ところでこれまで皮膚の引き締まり感を物理的に測定する方法として、例えばキュートメーターを用いた皮膚弾性値の測定が知られている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、皮膚の引き締まり感は感覚的なものであり、皮膚がひきしまったか否かは最終的には人間の官能により評価しなければならない。ところが、上記キュートメーターによる皮膚弾性値と官能評価とは必ずしも十分な相関関係を有していなかった。
【0005】
このため官能評価との相関関係が皮膚弾性値よりも高く、かつ簡単に測定することができる、皮膚の引き締まり感を物理的に測定する方法が求められていた。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、イン ビボで皮膚の厚さまたは超音波を用いた画像解析からエコーの輝度を測定する方法が、皮膚の引き締まり感について、官能評価と従来よりも高い相関関係を有するものであることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
【0007】
すなわち本発明は、皮膚の厚さを測定することを特徴とする皮膚の引き締まり効果の評価方法を提供するものである。
本発明はまた、超音波測定装置を用いた画像解析からエコーの輝度を測定することを特徴とする皮膚の引き締まり効果の評価方法を提供するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
これまで皮膚の厚さを測定する方法及び超音波測定装置を用いた画像解析から皮膚のエコーの輝度を測定する方法は知られていた。例えば超音波測定装置を用いて輝度の高い部分の厚さを皮膚厚さ(前腕部)として、その加齢変化を測定した例が報告されている(Branchet et al, Gerontology,1990;36:28−35、Tan et al,Br.J.Dermatol.,1982;106:657−667、de Rigal et al,J.Invest.Dermatol.,1989;93:621−625、Seidenari et al,Skin Phramacol.,1994;7:201−209)。また表皮直下の低反射層の厚さの日内変動を超音波計測した例が報告されている(高木ら、皮膚、第36巻、第6号、平成6年12月、762−768)。さらに超音波測定装置を用いて皮膚エコー輝度の加齢変化や日内変動を測定した例が報告されている(Gniadecka, et al, Br.J.Dermatol.,1994;131,849−855)。しかしながら、皮膚の厚さを測定することにより、または超音波による画像解析から皮膚のエコーの輝度を測定することにより、皮膚の引き締まり効果を評価する方法については全く知られていなかった。
【0009】
皮膚は表皮、真皮及び皮下組織の3層からなり、かかる3層の合計の厚さを測定し、その増減率から皮膚の引き締まり効果を評価することができる。このうち表皮と真皮の合計の厚さを測定することが、人間の官能による皮膚の引き締まり感との相関が高いため好ましく、真皮の厚さを測定することが特に好ましい。本発明においては、皮膚の厚さを測定することができればどのような方法であっても用いることができるが、超音波測定装置を用いて画像解析する方法がイン ビボで簡便に測定することができ、また精度が高いため好ましい。
【0010】
超音波測定装置としてはどのようなものでもよいが、例えばA−モード測定装置(1次元)またはB−モード測定装置(2次元)等が挙げられる。A−モード測定装置としては、例えばDermascanA(Cortech社)等が挙げられる。またB−モード測定装置は3〜100MHzの範囲にある一定の周波数を出力することができるものであり、例えばUX01(リオン社)、DermascanC(Cortex Technology社)等が挙げられる。
【0011】
超音波測定装置を用いた皮膚の厚さの測定は常法にしたがい行うことができるが、例えば次のようにして行うことができる。まず超音波測定装置により皮膚及び皮膚より深部の断面の超音波写真を撮影する。かかる超音波写真においては、皮膚の部位は輝度が高く、それより深部は輝度がそれより低い。したがって輝度の高い部分の厚さを測定すれば皮膚の厚さを測定することができる。なお皮膚の厚さは、ランダムに好ましくは2〜20箇所、特に好ましくは4〜20箇所測定し、その平均値を皮膚の厚さとすることが好ましい。
【0012】
このように測定した皮膚の厚さの増減率は、官能的な皮膚の引き締まり感と高い相関関係を有し、皮膚が薄くなると引き締まり感が増大し、皮膚が厚くなると引き締まり感が喪失する。例えば評価開始前の皮膚厚を基準とした評価終了後の皮膚厚の減少率が、約13%で微かに引き締まり、約17%でやや引き締まり、約20%で引き締まり、約23%以上でとても引き締まると認められる。
【0013】
また本発明においては、超音波測定装置を用いた画像解析からエコーの輝度を測定し、その増減率から皮膚の引き締まり効果を測定することができる。超音波測定装置としては例えば前記したものを用いることができる。エコーの輝度の測定は常法にしたがい行うことができるが、例えば次のようにして行うことができる。前記と同様にして超音波測定装置により皮膚及び皮膚より深部の断面の超音波写真を撮影し、これをスキャナーに取り込む。次いで皮膚と認められる部位、好ましくは表皮及び真皮と認められる部位、特に好ましくは真皮と認められる部位を一定の大きさに分割し(分割体)、好ましくは2〜10個、特に好ましくは4〜10個の分割体の輝度(その分割体内で輝度にばらつきがある場合はその分割体内の平均値)を測定し、その平均値を算出する。得られた平均値(以下「平均輝度」という)は官能的な皮膚の引き締まり感と高い相関関係を有し、輝度が高くなると引き締まり感が増大し、輝度が低くなると引き締まり感が喪失する。例えば輝度の増加率が約25%で微かに引き締まり、約40%でやや引き締まり、約50%で引き締まり、約60%以上でとても引き締まると認められる。
【0014】
【実施例】
次に実施例を示して本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0015】
参考例1
表1に示す各植物の部位の粉砕物1kgを抽出溶媒5リットルに室温で1週間浸漬し、溶媒可溶成分を抽出した。抽出液を分離した残渣について同様の操作を繰り返し、合計10リットルの抽出液を得た。この抽出液の溶媒を留去し、減圧乾固し、抽出物を得た。なお、以下において、Wは水を、BGは1,3−ブチレングリコールを示す。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0004072239
【0017】
実施例1 超音波B−モード測定装置を用いた皮膚厚の測定
参考例1で得られた各エキスを用いて、エキスの固形残分含有量が表2に示す量となるようにジェルB〜Dを調製した。別にエキスを配合していないジェルAを調製した。各ジェルを、それぞれ10名ずつのパネラーに1日朝夜1回ずつ2週間、上腕内側に塗布した。皮膚の厚さは以下の方法で測定した。すなわち、リオン社のUX01超音波診断装置を用い、ダイナミックレンジ50dB、ゲイン24dB、スキャナーはUF−30を用い、超音波周波数15MHzにて測定を行った。プリンターはvideo processor SCT−P65(三菱)、記録紙はSCT−K65H(三菱)を用いた。また、超音波ジェルはultra/phonic(HASHIMOTO SANGYOU CO.,LTD)を用いた。仰臥位(あお向けに寝た状態)で上腕内側のBモード測定を行い、皮膚厚さは得られた画像プリントを一定の倍率(300%)で拡大コピーし、皮膚(表皮+真皮)部分を抽出し、そこからランダムに10カ所長さを測定して平均値を算出し、実測値に換算して求めた。皮膚厚の減少率は、評価開始前の皮膚厚を基準にして求めた。なお日内変動を考慮し、測定時刻は各人それぞれ午前中の一定時刻に統一した。結果を表2に示す。
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0004072239
【0019】
表2より、ジェルB〜Dを用いた場合、2週間後に皮膚の厚さが減少しており、かかる効果は特にジェルBを用いた場合に大きいことが確認された。
【0020】
試験例1 皮膚の引き締まり感の官能評価
実施例1において、各ジェルの使用前に対する2週間使用後の、各パネラーによる皮膚の引き締まり感を以下の評価基準で評価した。結果を表3に示す。
(評価基準)
−1:悪化した
0:変わらない、わからない
1:微かに引き締まった
2:やや引き締まった
3:引き締まった
4:とても引き締まった
【0021】
【表3】
Figure 0004072239
【0022】
表3よりジェルB〜Dを用いた場合、皮膚の引き締まり感が実感されており、皮膚厚の減少率が大きいほど効果が大きいことが確認された。
【0023】
実施例1及び試験例1より、皮膚厚の減少率と皮膚の引き締まり感との間には高い相関関係があることが確認された。
【0024】
実施例2
95名のパネラーを5群に分け、実施例1で調製したジェルBを、上腕内側、大腿部、脹ら脛、腹部、脇腹部にそれぞれ1日夜1回7週間塗布した。上腕内側以外の部位を立位で写真撮影した以外は実施例1と同様にして、使用前、4週間使用後及び7週間使用後の皮膚の厚さを測定した。結果を表4に示す。
【0025】
【表4】
Figure 0004072239
【0026】
表4より、ジェルBを用いた場合、4週間後、7週間後のいずれの場合も、体の各部位で皮膚の厚さが減少していることが確認された。
【0027】
実施例3
実施例2の上腕内側、腹部及び脇腹部について、ジェルB塗布前及び7週間塗布後の平均輝度を測定した。画像解析は、Image−Pro Plus(Planetron,Inc.)を用いた。まず超音波写真をスキャナーに取り込み、A4サイズに拡大した。取り込み条件は、イメージタイプ:白黒写真モード、出力機器:スキャナ、解像度:300とし、出力サイズを幅9.95、高さ6.22に統一した。次に取り込まれたA4サイズのBモード写真左端にあるグレイスケールの最高輝度(白)及び最低輝度(黒)をcreate a rectanglar toolを用いて一定の大きさ(3mm×7mm)で囲み、Image−Proのimage histogramで輝度分布から平均値を求めた。次いで同一の大きさで取り込まれた画像から真皮と認められる部分の中央付近をランダムに5ケ所測定し、同様に輝度分布から平均値を求め、{(5ケ所の平均値−最低輝度)/(最高輝度−最低輝度)}×100を平均輝度とした。輝度の増加率は、評価開始前の輝度を基準にして求めた。結果を表5に示す。
【0028】
【表5】
Figure 0004072239
【0029】
表5より、いずれの測定部位においても、7週間後に平均輝度が増加していることが確認された。
【0030】
試験例2
実施例2において、ジェルBの使用前に対する4週間使用後及び7週間使用後の、各パネラーによる皮膚の引き締まり感を試験例1と同様の評価基準で評価した。結果を表6に示す。
【0031】
【表6】
Figure 0004072239
【0032】
表6より、ジェルを用いた場合、4週間使用後、7週間使用後のいずれの場合も、皮膚の引き締まり感が実感されていることが確認された。
【0033】
実施例2、3及び試験例2より、皮膚厚の減少率または平均輝度の増加率と皮膚の引き締まり感との間には高い相関関係があることが確認された。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法により、皮膚の引き締まり感について、官能的評価と高い相関関係を有する物理的評価が可能となった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for evaluating skin tightening effects in vivo.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The loss of skin skin occurs due to a decrease in NMF, ceramide, sebum and the like with aging, a decrease in water retention function, and a decrease in resistance to external stimuli such as drying and ultraviolet rays. Various studies have been conducted to recover the loss of the beam and give the skin a tight feeling.
[0003]
By the way, measurement of skin elasticity using, for example, a cutometer has been known as a method for physically measuring the tightness of the skin.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the tightness of the skin is sensuous, and it must be finally evaluated by human sensation as to whether or not the skin is pulled. However, the skin elasticity value measured by the cutometer and the sensory evaluation do not necessarily have a sufficient correlation.
[0005]
For this reason, a method for physically measuring the tightness of the skin, which has a higher correlation with the sensory evaluation than the skin elasticity value and can be easily measured, has been demanded.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have found that the method of measuring the brightness of echoes from in vivo skin thickness or image analysis using ultrasound has a higher correlation than the conventional sensory evaluation with respect to skin tightness. As a result, the present invention was completed.
[0007]
That is, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the skin tightening effect, characterized by measuring the thickness of the skin.
The present invention also provides a method for evaluating the skin tightening effect, characterized by measuring the brightness of echoes from image analysis using an ultrasonic measurement device.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
So far, a method for measuring the thickness of skin and a method for measuring the luminance of skin echoes from image analysis using an ultrasonic measurement device have been known. For example, an example has been reported in which the thickness of a portion with high luminance is defined as the skin thickness (forearm portion) using an ultrasonic measurement device, and the aging change is measured (Branchet et al, Geronology, 1990; 36:28). -35, Tan et al, Br. J. Dermatol., 1982; 106: 657-667, de. Rigal et al, J. et al. Invest. Dermatol. , 1989; 93: 621-625, Seidenari et al, Skin Ph a ramacol. 1994; 7: 201-209 ). In addition, an example of ultrasonic measurement of the diurnal variation of the thickness of the low reflective layer directly under the epidermis has been reported (Takagi et al., Skin, Vol. 36, No. 6, December 1994, 762-768). Furthermore, an example of measuring the aging change and diurnal variation of skin echo luminance using an ultrasonic measurement device has been reported (Gniadecka, et al, Br. J. Dermatol., 1994; 131, 849-855). However, no method has been known for evaluating the skin tightening effect by measuring the thickness of the skin or by measuring the luminance of the echo of the skin from image analysis using ultrasound.
[0009]
The skin consists of three layers of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The total thickness of these three layers is measured, and the skin tightening effect can be evaluated from the rate of increase / decrease. Among these, it is preferable to measure the total thickness of the epidermis and dermis because it has a high correlation with the feeling of skin tightening due to human sensuality, and it is particularly preferable to measure the thickness of the dermis. In the present invention, any method can be used as long as it can measure the thickness of the skin, but the method of image analysis using an ultrasonic measurement device can be easily measured in vivo. This is preferable because it can be performed with high accuracy.
[0010]
Any ultrasonic measuring device may be used, and examples thereof include an A-mode measuring device (one-dimensional) and a B-mode measuring device (two-dimensional). Examples of the A-mode measuring device include Dermascan A (Cortech). The B-mode measuring device can output a certain frequency in the range of 3 to 100 MHz, and examples thereof include UX01 (Lion), DermasscanC (Cortex Technology).
[0011]
Measurement of skin thickness using an ultrasonic measurement device can be performed according to a conventional method, and can be performed, for example, as follows. First, ultrasonic pictures of the skin and a cross section deeper than the skin are taken by an ultrasonic measuring device. In such an ultrasonic photograph, the skin part has a high luminance, and the deeper part has a lower luminance. Therefore, the thickness of the skin can be measured by measuring the thickness of the portion with high luminance. The skin thickness is preferably measured randomly at 2 to 20 locations, particularly preferably 4 to 20 locations, and the average value is preferably defined as the skin thickness.
[0012]
The increase / decrease rate of the thickness of the skin measured in this way has a high correlation with the sensual skin tightness, and the tightness increases as the skin becomes thinner, and the tightness loses as the skin becomes thicker. For example, the decrease rate of skin thickness after the end of evaluation based on the skin thickness before the start of evaluation is slightly tightened at about 13%, slightly tightened at about 17%, tightened at about 20%, and very tightened at about 23% or more. It is recognized.
[0013]
In the present invention, the luminance of the echo can be measured from image analysis using an ultrasonic measurement device, and the skin tightening effect can be measured from the rate of change. As the ultrasonic measurement device, for example, the above-described device can be used. The echo luminance can be measured according to a conventional method, for example, as follows. In the same manner as described above, an ultrasonic measurement device is used to take an ultrasonic photograph of the skin and a cross-section deeper than the skin, and this is taken into a scanner. Next, a portion recognized as skin, preferably a portion recognized as epidermis and dermis, particularly preferably a portion recognized as dermis is divided into a certain size (divided body), preferably 2 to 10, particularly preferably 4 to The luminance of the ten divided bodies (or the average value in the divided bodies when the luminance varies within the divided bodies) is measured, and the average value is calculated. The obtained average value (hereinafter referred to as “average luminance”) has a high correlation with the sensual skin tightness. The higher the luminance, the greater the tightness. The lower the luminance, the more the tightness is lost. For example, it is recognized that the rate of increase in brightness is slightly tightened at about 25%, slightly tightened at about 40%, tightened at about 50%, and very tightened at about 60% or more.
[0014]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is shown and this invention is demonstrated further in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example.
[0015]
Reference example 1
1 kg of a pulverized product of each plant part shown in Table 1 was immersed in 5 liters of extraction solvent at room temperature for 1 week to extract solvent-soluble components. The same operation was repeated for the residue from which the extract was separated to obtain a total of 10 liters of extract. The solvent of this extract was distilled off and dried under reduced pressure to obtain an extract. In the following, W represents water and BG represents 1,3-butylene glycol.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004072239
[0017]
Example 1 Measurement of Skin Thickness Using Ultrasonic B-Mode Measuring Device Using each extract obtained in Reference Example 1, gel B was used so that the solid residue content of the extract would be the amount shown in Table 2. D was prepared. Separately, gel A containing no extract was prepared. Each gel was applied to the inner side of the upper arm once a day in the morning and night for 10 weeks. Skin thickness was measured by the following method. That is, measurement was performed at an ultrasonic frequency of 15 MHz using a UX01 ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus manufactured by Rion, using a dynamic range of 50 dB, a gain of 24 dB, a scanner of UF-30. The video processor SCT-P65 (Mitsubishi) was used as the printer, and the SCT-K65H (Mitsubishi) was used as the recording paper. Moreover, the ultrasonic gel used ultra / phonic (HASHIMOTO SANGYO CO., LTD). Measure the B-mode inside the upper arm in the supine position (when lying on your chin), and copy the image print of the obtained skin thickness at a certain magnification (300%) to extract the skin (epidermis + dermis) part. Then, the length was measured at random from 10 places, the average value was calculated, and converted into the actual measurement value. The reduction rate of the skin thickness was determined based on the skin thickness before the start of evaluation. In consideration of daily fluctuations, the measurement time was unified at a fixed time in the morning. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0018]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004072239
[0019]
From Table 2, when gels B to D were used, the thickness of the skin decreased after 2 weeks, and it was confirmed that this effect was particularly great when gel B was used.
[0020]
Test Example 1 Sensory Evaluation of Skin Tightness In Example 1, the skin tightness of each paneler after use for 2 weeks before use of each gel was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 3.
(Evaluation criteria)
-1: Deteriorated 0: Not changed, I do not know 1: Slightly tightened 2: Slightly tightened 3: Tightened 4: Very tightened [0021]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004072239
[0022]
From Table 3, when gels B to D were used, it was confirmed that the skin was tight and the effect was greater as the skin thickness reduction rate was larger.
[0023]
From Example 1 and Test Example 1, it was confirmed that there was a high correlation between the skin thickness reduction rate and the tightness of the skin.
[0024]
Example 2
95 panelists were divided into 5 groups, and Gel B prepared in Example 1 was applied to the inner side of the upper arm, the thigh, the calf, the abdomen, and the flank once a day for 7 weeks. The thickness of the skin before use, after 4 weeks of use, and after 7 weeks of use was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a part other than the inner side of the upper arm was photographed while standing. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0025]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004072239
[0026]
From Table 4, when gel B was used, it was confirmed that the thickness of the skin decreased in each part of the body after 4 weeks and after 7 weeks.
[0027]
Example 3
For the inner upper arm, abdomen and flank of Example 2, the average luminance before gel B application and after 7 weeks of application was measured. Image analysis used Image-Pro Plus (Planetron, Inc.). First, an ultrasonic photograph was taken into a scanner and enlarged to A4 size. The capture conditions were: image type: black-and-white photo mode, output device: scanner, resolution: 300, and the output size was unified to a width of 9.95 and a height of 6.22. Next, the maximum brightness (white) and the minimum brightness (black) of the gray scale at the left end of the captured A4 size B-mode photo are surrounded by a specific size (3 mm × 7 mm) using create adjective tool, and Image− The average value was obtained from the luminance distribution using Pro's image histogram. Next, from the images captured with the same size, the vicinity of the center of the portion recognized as the dermis is randomly measured at five locations, and the average value is similarly determined from the luminance distribution, {(average value of five locations−minimum luminance) / ( (Maximum luminance−minimum luminance)} × 100 was defined as the average luminance. The rate of increase in luminance was determined based on the luminance before the start of evaluation. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0028]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004072239
[0029]
From Table 5, it was confirmed that the average luminance increased after 7 weeks at any measurement site.
[0030]
Test example 2
In Example 2, the skin tightening feeling by each paneler after 4 weeks of use and 7 weeks of use before gel B was evaluated according to the same evaluation criteria as in Test Example 1. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0031]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004072239
[0032]
From Table 6, it was confirmed that when the gel was used, the skin tightness was felt in both cases after 4 weeks of use and after 7 weeks of use.
[0033]
From Examples 2 and 3 and Test Example 2, it was confirmed that there was a high correlation between the reduction rate of skin thickness or the increase rate of average luminance and the feeling of skin tightening.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, physical evaluation having a high correlation with sensory evaluation is possible for the feeling of tightness of the skin.

Claims (2)

(1)超音波測定装置を用いた画像解析により皮膚の厚さの増減率を測定すること
(2)測定された皮膚の厚さの増減率に基づいて皮膚の引き締まり感を評価すること
を特徴とする皮膚の引き締まり感の評価方法。
(1) Measuring the rate of increase or decrease in skin thickness by image analysis using an ultrasonic measurement device.
(2) A method for evaluating skin tightness, characterized by evaluating skin tightness on the basis of a measured increase / decrease rate of skin thickness .
(1)超音波測定装置を用いた画像解析により皮膚のエコーの輝度の増減率を測定すること
(2)測定された皮膚のエコーの輝度の増減率に基づいて皮膚の引き締まり感を評価すること
を特徴とする皮膚の引き締まり感の評価方法。
(1) Measuring the rate of increase / decrease in skin echo brightness by image analysis using an ultrasonic measurement device.
(2) A method for evaluating skin tightness, characterized by evaluating skin tightness based on the measured increase / decrease rate of skin echo brightness .
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