JP4044156B2 - Diesel diesel oil composition - Google Patents

Diesel diesel oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4044156B2
JP4044156B2 JP22282095A JP22282095A JP4044156B2 JP 4044156 B2 JP4044156 B2 JP 4044156B2 JP 22282095 A JP22282095 A JP 22282095A JP 22282095 A JP22282095 A JP 22282095A JP 4044156 B2 JP4044156 B2 JP 4044156B2
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Prior art keywords
diesel
light oil
fluidity
oil
kerosene
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JP22282095A
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JPH0967583A (en
Inventor
紘一郎 内田
浩 平野
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ディーゼル軽油組成物に関し、詳しくは、自動車、船舶、発電機等に用いられるディーゼルエンジン用の軽油組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、ディーゼルエンジン用の燃料である軽油の需要が増加する一方重油の需要が減少しているため、軽質軽油のカットアツプや従来重油に含まれていた重質軽油留分を軽油に含ませることにより、軽油を増産することが望まれている。しかし、重質軽油留分を軽油に含ませた場合、軽油中のワックスが増加して低温流動性が悪化する。従って、このような軽油をそのまま寒冷時や寒冷地においてディーゼル用燃料油としての用途に供することは実際上困難であり、流動性向上剤を添加して低温流動性を改善する試みがなされている。
【0003】
流動性向上剤として、例えば、特公昭56−18634号公報に記載され、現在広く使用されているエチレン・酢酸ビニール共重合体は、灯油留分を多く含んだ軽油には添加効果があるが、灯油留分を含まない軽油には添加効果がない。灯油は冬期の暖房用として使用されているため、軽油基材として用いると灯油の供給が逼迫するという問題がある。従って、灯油留分が少なく、かつ低温流動性に優れるディーゼルエンジン用の軽油の開発が望まれている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記観点からなされたもので、灯油留分が少なくても、安定して低温流動性に優れたディーゼル軽油組成物を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は鋭意研究の結果、特定の物性を有するディーゼル軽油に界面活性剤系流動性向上剤を添加することにより、上記本発明の目的を効果的に達成しうることを見出し本発明を完成したものである。
すなわち、本発明は、下記(1)式を満足する軽油に界面活性剤系流動性向上剤を添加してなるディーゼル軽油組成物を提供するものである。
【0006】
Y ≦ −0.0051X2 + 0.50 ・・・(1)
ここで、Yはワックス析出率(wt%/℃)を表し、Xは曇り点(℃)を表す。
また、Y≧0.25、X≦2であることが好ましく、界面活性剤系流動性向上剤の添加量は20〜2,000mg/リットルが好ましい。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
本発明に用いる軽油は前記(I)式を満足する必要がある。
ここで、Yはワックス析出率(wt%/℃)を表し、軽油を曇り点以下に冷却したときに、軽油の温度を1℃下げた場合に析出するワックスの増加量(軽油に対する%)をいう。このYが、0.25以上であると本発明の特徴が特に発揮される。すなわち、Yが0.25以上であると軽油には灯油が混合されておらず、灯油の需要期である冬期に灯油の増産が可能となり好ましい。しかし、灯油留分が多少混合されている場合でも、本発明の範囲に含まれるのは当然である。なお、ここでいう灯油留分の軽油への混合とは、通常の灯油の混合の他に蒸留装置で灯油と軽油のカットポイントを下げて(灯油留分の蒸留95%点を下げて)灯油留分を軽油へ含ませるケースも意味する。
【0008】
次に、Xは曇り点(℃)を表し、ワックスが析出し始める温度をいい、JISK 2269で規定されている。このXは、2以下であることが好ましく2を超えると、ディーゼル車のメインフィルター閉塞トラブルが発生する可能性がある。
本発明の軽油の基材としては、例えば、直留軽油(LGO)、脱硫軽油(DGO)、間接脱硫軽油(VHLGO)、水素化分解軽油(HCGO)、接触分解軽油(LCO)、直接脱硫軽油(DSGO)、灯油等が用いられ、通常2種以上を混合して用いる。
【0009】
本発明の界面活性剤系流動性向上剤は、アミン、アミド、イミド基等の親水基と直鎖アルキル基等の疎水基を有する流動性向上剤を意味し、アルケニルコハク酸アミド系、アルケニルコハク酸イミド系の化合物を使用できる。
また、前記流動性向上剤として、(A)水酸基を有する含窒素化合物と直鎖状飽和脂肪酸とのエステル化合物、または上記(A)成分に(B)オレフィン、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルキル及び飽和脂肪酸ビニルから選ばれる少なくとも一種の単量体から得られる重合物を添加してなるものが、好適に使用できる。
【0010】
上記(A)成分である水酸基を有する窒素化合物と直鎖状飽和脂肪酸とのエステル化合物を構成する窒素化合物としては、2〜10個の水酸基を有するものが好ましく用いられる。水酸基の数が上記範囲を逸脱する場合は流動性改善効果が少ない。このような窒素化合物としては、ジエタノールアミン、メチルジエタノールアミン、エチルジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、エチレンジアミン、プロピルジアミン、及びこれらのエポキシド付加物から選ばれる化合物が挙げられる。上記エポキシド付加物のエポキシドとしては、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド等が挙げられる。
【0011】
また、(A)成分の水酸基を有する窒素化合物と直鎖状飽和脂肪酸とのエステル化合物を構成する直鎖状飽和脂肪酸としては、炭素数12〜30の直鎖状飽和脂肪酸を使用することができる。このような直鎖状飽和脂肪酸としては、例えばパルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸等が挙げられ、またこれらを含有する硬化牛脂脂肪酸、硬化ナタネ油脂肪酸、硬化魚油脂肪酸なども使用できる。
【0012】
上記エステル化合物は前記水酸基を有する窒素化合物と前記直鎖状飽和脂肪酸とを通常の方法でエステル化することにより得ることができる。
前記(B)成分であるオレフィン、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルキル及び飽和脂肪酸ビニルから選ばれる少なくとも一種の単量体から得られる重合物の単量体に用いられるオレフィンとしては、例えばエチレン、プロピレン、ブテン−1等が、エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルキルの不飽和カルボン酸としては、例えばアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、イタコン酸等が、また飽和脂肪酸ビニルとしては、例えば蟻酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等が挙げられる。
【0013】
上記重合体は、上記単量体の一種あるいは二種以上の混合物を通常の方法で重合して得ることができる。本発明においては、上記重合体として数平均分子量が1,000〜20,000のものが使用することが出来る。数平均分子量が上記範囲外の場合は流動性改善効果は少ない。
本発明において、(A)成分に(B)成分を添加する場合、(A)成分は(A)成分と(B)成分の合計量に対して、30重量%以上であることが好ましい。この量が30重量%未満の場合は流動性改善効果が少ない。
【0014】
本発明において、界面活性剤系流動性向上剤の添加量は、好ましくは20〜2,000mg/リットル、更に好ましくは20〜500mg/リットルである。この値が上限値を超える場合は、軽油への溶解性に劣り、添加量に見合う効果が得られない。また、下限値未満の場合は、流動性改善効果が少なくなる。
本発明の軽油組成物には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で必要に応じて清浄剤、セタン価向上剤、酸化防止剤、金属不活性剤、他の流動性向上剤、氷結防止剤、腐食防止剤、錆止剤、着色剤、マーカー等の添加剤を適宜加えることができる。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によってなんら制限されるものではない。
実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜5
第1表に示す軽油基材をブレンドした軽油に第2表の流動性向上剤を400mg/リットル添加して、流動性向上剤の添加前と添加後の目詰まり点(CFPP)及び流動点を測定し、添加前と添加後の差を流動性改善効果として第3表、第4表に示した。CFPPはその値が低い程ディ−ゼル車燃料系フィルターのワックスによる閉塞が起こりにくく、流動点はその値が低い程軽油の凝固によるディーゼル車燃料系統の閉塞が起こりにくい。また、添加前と添加後の差の値が大きい程流動性改善効果が大きいと言える。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0004044156
【0017】
【表2】
Figure 0004044156
【0018】
【表3】
Figure 0004044156
【0019】
【表4】
Figure 0004044156
【0020】
【表5】
Figure 0004044156
【0021】
第3表、第4表から明らかなように、前記(1)式を満足する軽油に界面活性剤系流動性向上剤を添加すると流動性改善効果が大きいディーゼル軽油組成物が得られることがわかる。従って、流動性向上剤の添加量を調節することによって低温流動性がの優れたディーゼル軽油組成物を得ることができる。
尚、軽油の性状及び性能は次の方法によって求めた。
【0022】
(1)曇り点
JIS K 2269に準拠して測定した。
(2)ワックス析出率
試料20gを冷却ろ過器に秤取り、試験温度に冷却後、減圧ろ過し、フィルター上のパラフィンワックスを冷アセトンで洗浄し油分を除く。次に、n−ペンタンでパラフィンワックスを溶解し、秤量フラスコに移した後、n−ペンタンを蒸発させ、残ったパラフィンワックスの重量を測定し、次式でワックスの量を算出する。
Figure 0004044156
試験温度は曇り点−2、曇り点−4、曇り点−6の3点以上とし、試験温度を横軸に、ワックス量を縦軸にプロットする。最小二乗法で両者の関係を示す直線を求め、この勾配の絶対値をワックス析出率とする。
(3)CFPP
JIS K 2288に準拠して測定した。
(4)流動点
JIS K 2269に準拠して測定した。
(5)蒸留点
ASTM D2887に準拠して測定した。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、灯油留分が少なくても安定的に流動性が改善された軽油組成物を提供することができるので、灯油の需要期である冬期に暖房用灯油の増産が可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a diesel light oil composition, and more particularly to a diesel oil composition for a diesel engine used in automobiles, ships, generators and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, demand for diesel oil as a fuel for diesel engines has increased, while demand for heavy oil has declined. By cutting up light diesel oil and adding heavy diesel oil fractions previously contained in diesel fuel to diesel oil, It is desired to increase production of diesel oil. However, when the heavy gas oil fraction is included in the gas oil, the wax in the gas oil increases and the low temperature fluidity deteriorates. Therefore, it is practically difficult to use such light oil as it is for diesel fuel oil in cold or cold areas, and attempts have been made to improve the low-temperature fluidity by adding a fluidity improver. .
[0003]
As a fluidity improver, for example, the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-18634 and widely used at present has an additive effect on light oil containing a large amount of kerosene fraction, Light oil that does not contain kerosene fraction has no additive effect. Since kerosene is used for heating in winter, there is a problem that the supply of kerosene becomes tight when used as a light oil base material. Therefore, development of diesel oil for diesel engines having a low kerosene fraction and excellent low-temperature fluidity is desired.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and an object of the present invention is to provide a diesel light oil composition that is stable and excellent in low-temperature fluidity even when the kerosene fraction is small.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have found that the object of the present invention can be effectively achieved by adding a surfactant fluidity improver to diesel light oil having specific physical properties. It has been completed.
That is, this invention provides the diesel light oil composition formed by adding surfactant type fluidity improver to the light oil which satisfies the following (1) Formula.
[0006]
Y ≦ −0.0051X 2 +0.50 (1)
Here, Y represents the wax precipitation rate (wt% / ° C.), and X represents the cloud point (° C.).
Moreover, it is preferable that Y ≧ 0.25 and X ≦ 2, and the addition amount of the surfactant fluidity improver is preferably 20 to 2,000 mg / liter.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
The light oil used in the present invention must satisfy the formula (I).
Here, Y represents the wax precipitation rate (wt% / ° C.), and when the light oil is cooled below the cloud point, the increase amount of the wax precipitated when the temperature of the light oil is lowered by 1 ° C. (% with respect to the light oil). Say. The feature of the present invention is particularly exhibited when Y is 0.25 or more. That is, when Y is 0.25 or more, kerosene is not mixed with light oil, and it is possible to increase the production of kerosene in winter, which is the demand period for kerosene. However, even if the kerosene fraction is mixed somewhat, it is naturally included in the scope of the present invention. The mixing of kerosene fraction into light oil here means kerosene by lowering the cut point of kerosene and light oil with a distillation device (lowering the 95% distillation point of kerosene fraction) in addition to the usual kerosene mixing. It also means a case where the fraction is included in light oil.
[0008]
Next, X represents a cloud point (° C.), which is a temperature at which wax begins to precipitate, and is defined by JISK 2269. This X is preferably 2 or less, and if it exceeds 2, there is a possibility that a diesel filter main filter blockage trouble may occur.
Examples of the base material of the light oil of the present invention include straight run light oil (LGO), desulfurized light oil (DGO), indirect desulfurized light oil (VHLGO), hydrocracked light oil (HCGO), catalytic cracked light oil (LCO), and direct desulfurized light oil. (DSGO), kerosene or the like is used, and usually two or more kinds are mixed and used.
[0009]
The surfactant-based fluidity improver of the present invention means a fluidity improver having a hydrophilic group such as an amine, amide, or imide group and a hydrophobic group such as a linear alkyl group, and includes an alkenyl succinic acid amide and an alkenyl succinic acid. Acid imide compounds can be used.
In addition, as the fluidity improver, (A) an ester compound of a nitrogen-containing compound having a hydroxyl group and a linear saturated fatty acid, or (B) an olefin, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl and a saturated compound (A). What added the polymer obtained from at least 1 type of monomer chosen from fatty acid vinyl can use it conveniently.
[0010]
As the nitrogen compound constituting the ester compound of a linear saturated fatty acid and a nitrogen compound having a hydroxyl group as the component (A), those having 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups are preferably used. When the number of hydroxyl groups deviates from the above range, the effect of improving fluidity is small. Examples of such nitrogen compounds include compounds selected from diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, propyldiamine, and epoxide adducts thereof. Examples of the epoxide of the epoxide adduct include ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
[0011]
Moreover, as a linear saturated fatty acid which comprises the ester compound of the nitrogen compound which has a hydroxyl group of (A) component, and a linear saturated fatty acid, C12-C30 linear saturated fatty acid can be used. . Examples of such linear saturated fatty acids include palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and the like, and hardened beef tallow fatty acid, hardened rapeseed oil fatty acid, hardened fish oil fatty acid and the like containing these can also be used.
[0012]
The ester compound can be obtained by esterifying the nitrogen compound having a hydroxyl group and the linear saturated fatty acid by an ordinary method.
Examples of the olefin used for the monomer of the polymer obtained from at least one monomer selected from the olefin as component (B), an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl and a saturated fatty acid vinyl include ethylene, propylene, Examples of unsaturated carboxylic acids of butene-1, such as ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl, include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid. Examples of saturated fatty acid vinyl include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, and vinyl propionate. Etc.
[0013]
The polymer can be obtained by polymerizing one or a mixture of two or more of the above monomers by an ordinary method. In the present invention, those having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000 can be used as the polymer. When the number average molecular weight is outside the above range, the fluidity improving effect is small.
In this invention, when adding (B) component to (A) component, it is preferable that (A) component is 30 weight% or more with respect to the total amount of (A) component and (B) component. When this amount is less than 30% by weight, the effect of improving fluidity is small.
[0014]
In the present invention, the addition amount of the surfactant fluidity improver is preferably 20 to 2,000 mg / liter, more preferably 20 to 500 mg / liter. When this value exceeds the upper limit value, the solubility in light oil is poor and an effect commensurate with the amount added cannot be obtained. Moreover, when it is less than the lower limit, the fluidity improving effect is reduced.
In the light oil composition of the present invention, a detergent, a cetane number improver, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, other fluidity improvers, an anti-icing agent, and the like, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Additives such as corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, colorants, markers and the like can be added as appropriate.
[0015]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5
400 mg / liter of the fluidity improver of Table 2 is added to the light oil blended with the light oil base shown in Table 1, and the clogging point (CFPP) and pour point before and after the addition of the fluidity improver are determined. The difference between before and after the addition was shown in Tables 3 and 4 as the fluidity improving effect. The lower the value of CFPP, the less likely that the diesel vehicle fuel system filter will be clogged with wax, and the lower the pour point, the less likely that the diesel vehicle fuel system will clog due to the coagulation of light oil. Moreover, it can be said that the greater the difference between before and after the addition, the greater the fluidity improving effect.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004044156
[0017]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004044156
[0018]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004044156
[0019]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004044156
[0020]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004044156
[0021]
As is apparent from Tables 3 and 4, it is understood that when a surfactant-based fluidity improver is added to the light oil that satisfies the formula (1), a diesel light oil composition having a large fluidity improving effect can be obtained. . Therefore, a diesel light oil composition having excellent low-temperature fluidity can be obtained by adjusting the amount of fluidity improver added.
The properties and performance of light oil were determined by the following method.
[0022]
(1) Cloud point Measured according to JIS K 2269.
(2) Weigh 20 g of the wax precipitation rate sample in a cooling filter, cool to the test temperature, filter under reduced pressure, wash the paraffin wax on the filter with cold acetone to remove the oil. Next, paraffin wax is dissolved with n-pentane, transferred to a weighing flask, n-pentane is evaporated, the weight of the remaining paraffin wax is measured, and the amount of wax is calculated by the following equation.
Figure 0004044156
The test temperature is three or more of cloud point-2, cloud point-4, and cloud point-6, and the test temperature is plotted on the horizontal axis and the amount of wax is plotted on the vertical axis. A straight line indicating the relationship between the two is obtained by the least square method, and the absolute value of this gradient is defined as the wax precipitation rate.
(3) CFPP
It measured based on JISK2288.
(4) Pour point Measured according to JIS K 2269.
(5) Measured according to distillation point ASTM D2887.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since it is possible to provide a gas oil composition having improved fluidity stably even when the kerosene fraction is small, it becomes possible to increase the production of heating kerosene in the winter season when kerosene is in demand. .

Claims (1)

下記(1)式を満足し、10%蒸留点が233℃以上のディーゼル軽油に、アルケニルコハク酸アミド系化合物、アルケニルコハク酸イミド系化合物及び水酸基を有する含窒素化合物と直鎖状飽和脂肪酸とのエステル化合物から選ばれる1種以上の界面活性剤系流動性向上剤を20〜2,000mg/リットル添加してなり、該軽油からのCFPP降下温度〔ΔCFPP(℃)〕が4以上であるディーゼル軽油組成物。
Y≦−0.0051X2+0.50・・・(1)
但し、Y≧0.25で且つX≦2である。
ここで、Yはワックス析出率(wt%/℃)を表し、Xは曇り点(℃)を表す。
A diesel gas oil satisfying the following formula (1) and having a 10% distillation point of 233 ° C. or higher , an alkenyl succinic acid amide compound, an alkenyl succinimide compound, a nitrogen-containing compound having a hydroxyl group, and a linear saturated fatty acid one or more surfactants based flow improvers selected from ester compounds 20~2,000Mg / l Ri Na was added, diesel CFPP temperature drop from said light oil [ΔCFPP (℃)] is 4 or more Light oil composition.
Y ≦ −0.0051X 2 +0.50 (1)
However, Y ≧ 0.25 and X ≦ 2.
Here, Y represents the wax precipitation rate (wt% / ° C.), and X represents the cloud point (° C.).
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