JP4023288B2 - Metal composite tube with excellent carburization resistance - Google Patents

Metal composite tube with excellent carburization resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4023288B2
JP4023288B2 JP2002316759A JP2002316759A JP4023288B2 JP 4023288 B2 JP4023288 B2 JP 4023288B2 JP 2002316759 A JP2002316759 A JP 2002316759A JP 2002316759 A JP2002316759 A JP 2002316759A JP 4023288 B2 JP4023288 B2 JP 4023288B2
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Prior art keywords
resistance
metal composite
carburization resistance
tube
carburization
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JP2002316759A
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JP2004149856A (en
Inventor
浩次 堀尾
喜久 加藤
耕二 大矢
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Daido Steel Co Ltd
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Daido Steel Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は化学プラント用配管、例えばナフサをクラッキングしてエチレン,塩化ビニル,エタン等の化学製品素材を製造する装置の反応管に用いて好適な耐浸炭性に優れた金属複合管に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
エチレン,塩化ビニル,エタン等の化学製品素材は、外側からバーナーで高温に加熱した反応管の内部に原料ナフサを蒸気の形で通してこれを熱分解させることにより製造している。
この場合、反応管には耐熱性と耐コーキング性,耐浸炭性が要求される。
【0003】
ここでコーキングは、炭化水素の熱分解により炭素が生成して金属の表面、即ち反応管の表面に析出し堆積する現象であり、そしてこのようなコーキングによって炭素が金属表面から内部に拡散浸透して浸炭現象を生ずる。
而してこのような浸炭現象が生ずると金属管、即ち反応管の脆化がもたらされたり耐食性が低下して腐食が進行するなど反応管の劣化が促進されてしまう。
【0004】
この耐熱性と耐コーキング性,耐浸炭性とを、従来反応管等として用いられている金属単管でともに具備することは難しく、そこで下記特許文献1では、金属単管にCr-Ni-Mo系合金の肉盛溶接層を積層し複合化することによってそれら耐コーキング性,耐浸炭性をもたせる点が開示されている。
しかしながらこの特許文献1に開示の金属複合管は耐浸炭性の点で必ずしも十分でなく、未だ改善の余地のあるものである。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−113389号公報
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の耐浸炭性に優れた金属複合管はこのような課題を解決するために創案されたものである。
而して請求項1のものは、質量%でCr:20〜49%を含有するとともにAl,Siの1種又は2種をAl+Si:1.5〜5%となるように含有し、残部が Ni 及び不可避的不純物で且つ不純物としてのC,N,Mn,Fe,P+S,OのそれぞれをC :≦0.1%,N :≦0.3%,Mn:≦1.5%,Fe:≦10%,P+S:≦0.02%,O :≦0.3%に規制して成る組成の合金の肉盛溶接層を基材金属管の内面又は外面に積層形成して複合化したことを特徴とする。
【0007】
請求項2のものは、請求項1において、前記Niの一部をCoで置き換えて成ることを特徴とする
【0008】
【作用】
以上に示すように本発明は、金属複合管における肉盛溶接層の成分として、Cr,Niの主成分に加えてAl,Siの1種又は2種をAl+Si:1.5〜5%となるように含有させた点を骨子とするものである。
【0009】
ここでAl,Siはそれぞれ酸素と結合して酸化膜を形成し、炭素の拡散浸透、即ち浸炭を抑制するように働く。
また併せて粒界において炭素の移動を抑制してその拡散浸透を抑える。
【0010】
本発明ではまた、耐コーキング性,耐浸炭性を高めるためにC,N,Mn,Fe,P+S,O等の不純物成分を一定以下に規制する。
【0011】
本発明においては、請求項2に従ってNiの一部をCoで置き換えることができる。
このようにNiをCoで置き換えた場合にも同様の効果か或いはそれよりも高い効果を得ることができる。
【0012】
次に本発明の肉盛金属層に含有される各化学成分の限定理由を以下に詳述する。
Cr:20〜49%
耐酸化性を高める上で必要であるとともに、本発明で意図する耐コーキング性の実現に重要な元素である。
こうした効果を得るためには、通常Cr20%以上の添加が必要である。どちらの効果もCr量を高くすれば高まるが49%を超えるとオーステナイト組織が不安定化になり、加工性が低くなって曲げ加工などが困難になるから、合金としての実用性が低くなる。
耐コーキング性が充分高く、且つ加工性も悪くない特に好ましい範囲はCr:40〜47%である。
【0013】
Al+Si:1.5〜5%
1.5%以下では粒界における炭素の移動の抑制の効果が少ない。一方5%超では延性が低下し、肉盛溶接時に割れが発生する。そこで本発明はAl+Siを1.5〜5%とする。
【0014】
Ni:残部
エチレン製造用の反応管のような高温の使用環境で組織を安定に維持し、且つ意図する耐コーキング性を得るためには、多くの場合、少なくとも35%のNiの存在を必要とする。Ni量が増大すれば、それに伴って効果も増すが、あまり多くしてもそれに対応するわけではなく不経済になるので、80%が実用上の上限である。
【0015】
Co
Niはその一部をCoで置き換えることができ、置き換えても効果は変わらないか、場合によっては耐コーキング性の一層の向上を得ることができる。もっともCoは材料としてはNiより高価であり、置き換えの意義はそれほど高くないから多量に置き換えることは得策とは限らない。通常はNi量の10%、高々50%止まりの置き換えが有利である。
【0016】
C :≦0.1%
通常、耐熱鋼においては引張強度及びクリープ破断強度を確保するため、ある程度のCの存在を必要とする。ところがCは耐食性及び耐コーキング性にとっては有害である。本発明の金属複合管では強度は基材金属管の方で担うことができるから、肉盛溶接層の方は強度が高いことを特に必要としない。それゆえ肉盛溶接層中のCは低含有量とする。0.1%までが許容できる範囲である。
【0017】
N :≦0.3%
多量のNの存在は肉盛溶接層の硬質化・脆化をもたらすので0.3%以下とする。
【0018】
Mn:≦1.5%、好ましくは1.0%以下
これも脱酸剤であるから不可避的に含まれる成分であるが、耐コーキング性を高く保つために1.5%以下に規制するのが望ましい。より望ましいのは1.0%以下である。
【0019】
Fe:≦10%
Feはコーキングを引き起こす成分であるため10%以下に規制するのが望ましい。
【0020】
P+S:≦0.02%
P,Sともに溶接性を低くする(特に割れ感受性を高めて)元素であるため合計で0.02%以下に規制する。
【0021】
O :≦0.3%
Oが多量にあると溶着金属内にブローホールが発生し、肉盛溶接層が多孔質になる危険があるため0.3%以下に規制するのが望ましい
【0022】
発明の金属複合管における基材金属管としては以下のものを例示することができる。
・8%以上のCrを含有する鉄基合金、代表的な鋼種は、SUS403,SUS410,SUS304,SUS316,SUH3及びSUH4
・耐熱鋳鋼、代表的にはSCH15及びSCH16
・HK材、特にHK-40材(25Cr-20Ni-0.4C)
・HP材、特にHP-40材(25Cr-35Ni-0.4C)
・HP調整材(25Cr-35Ni-0.4C-Nb/W)
【0023】
【実施例】
次に本発明の実施例を以下に詳述する。
肉盛溶接用の合金粉末として、表1に示すような合金組成を与える各種合金42種を溶製及びガス噴霧−ガス冷却法で粉末化し、篩い分けて+60〜-250メッシュの範囲を集めた。
【0024】
次に外径10mm,内径4mm,長さ1.5mのSUS347製パイプの外周全面に上記の合金粉末を、粉末プラズマ溶接法(PPW法:プラズマパウダーウェルディング)手法により厚さ5mmで肉盛溶接した。
続いて中心孔削孔機械(BTA)を用いて、肉盛溶接をしたパイプの中心に径14mmの孔を空けることにより、基材金属管としてのSUS347製パイプ全体とその外側の肉盛溶接層の一部を削り取り、外径20mm,内径14mm,長さ1.5mの肉盛溶接単層の管を製造した。
【0025】
また肉盛溶接単層の内面を研磨して表面粗さ(最大粗さ)が3μm以下の平滑面とした。
そしてこのようにして得た管に対し、耐コーキング試験及び耐浸炭性試験を行った。
【0026】
ここで耐コーキング試験は次のようにして行った。
即ち各管をエチレン製造用の実験炉に入れ、温度1100℃に加熱した状態で管内にナフサを気化させて得た蒸気を流速0.5m/秒で通過させる試験を100時間続けた。
そして上記の流通試験が終わった後、管を冷却してその重量を測定し、そこから管自体の重量を差し引いて堆積した炭素量を求めた。
【0027】
一方耐浸炭性試験は次のようにして行った。
即ち上記の管を固形浸炭剤「KG13」(デグサ社製)とともに加熱炉に入れ、温度1100℃に200時間加熱した。取り出して、浸炭層(C量が2%以上増加した部分)の深さを測定した。
【0028】
これら耐浸炭性試験,コーキング試験とともに溶接試験も併せて行った。
具体的には、上記で得た管を互いに直角をなす2方向で縦断(4方向切断)して、この後切断面について浸透探傷試験,ミクロ組織観察により欠陥(割れ,ブローホール)の有無を調査した。
これらの結果が表2に示してある。
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0004023288
【0030】
【表2】
Figure 0004023288
【0031】
表2の結果に見られるように、主成分たるCr,Niに加えてAl,Siを肉盛溶接層に添加して成る本発明の実施例のものは、耐コーキング性,耐浸炭性及び溶接性ともに良好となっている。
【0032】
以上本発明の実施例を詳述したがこれはあくまで一例示であり、本発明はその趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変更を加えた態様で実施可能である。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明によれば、耐コーキング性,耐浸炭性に優れ、浸炭現象によって管の劣化を良好に抑制することのできる金属複合管を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a chemical plant pipe, for example, a metal composite pipe excellent in carburization resistance suitable for use in a reaction tube of an apparatus for manufacturing a chemical product material such as ethylene, vinyl chloride, ethane, etc. by cracking naphtha.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Chemical product materials such as ethylene, vinyl chloride, and ethane are manufactured by passing raw material naphtha in the form of steam through a reaction tube heated to high temperature with a burner from the outside and thermally decomposing it.
In this case, the reaction tube is required to have heat resistance, coking resistance, and carburization resistance.
[0003]
Here, coking is a phenomenon in which carbon is generated by the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons and deposited on the surface of the metal, that is, the surface of the reaction tube, and carbon diffuses and penetrates from the metal surface to the inside by such coking. Cause carburization.
Thus, when such a carburizing phenomenon occurs, the metal tube, that is, the reaction tube becomes brittle, or the deterioration of the reaction tube is promoted, for example, the corrosion resistance decreases and the corrosion progresses.
[0004]
It is difficult to provide both the heat resistance, the caulking resistance, and the carburization resistance with a single metal pipe conventionally used as a reaction tube or the like. Therefore, in Patent Document 1 below, the single metal pipe is Cr-Ni-Mo. It has been disclosed that the overlaying weld layer of a base alloy is laminated and compounded to provide the resistance to caulking and carburization.
However, the metal composite tube disclosed in Patent Document 1 is not necessarily sufficient in terms of carburization resistance, and there is still room for improvement.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-113389
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The metal composite pipe excellent in carburization resistance of the present invention has been created to solve such problems.
Thus, the first claim contains Cr: 20-49 % by mass and contains one or two of Al and Si so that Al + Si: 1.5-5%, with the balance being Ni, unavoidable impurities, and C, N, Mn, Fe, P + S, and O as impurities are C: ≦ 0.1%, N: ≦ 0.3%, Mn: ≦ 1.5%, Fe: ≦ 10%, An overlay welding layer of an alloy having a composition restricted to P + S: ≦ 0.02% and O 2 ≦ 0.3% is laminated and formed on the inner surface or outer surface of the base metal tube.
[0007]
Those Claim 2 resides in that in Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a part of the Ni is replaced with Co.
[0008]
[Action]
As described above, according to the present invention, as a component of the build-up weld layer in the metal composite pipe, in addition to the main components of Cr and Ni, one or two of Al and Si are Al + Si: 1.5 to 5%. The points contained in this way are the main points.
[0009]
Here, Al and Si each combine with oxygen to form an oxide film, and act to suppress carbon diffusion and penetration, that is, carburization.
At the same time, the movement of carbon is suppressed at the grain boundary to suppress the diffusion and penetration.
[0010]
In the present invention also, coking resistance, you regulation in order to increase the carburization resistance C, N, Mn, Fe, P + S, the impurity components of O, etc. in a constant below.
[0011]
In the present invention, Ru can replace part of Ni with Co according to claim 2.
Thus, when Ni is replaced by Co, the same effect or higher effect can be obtained.
[0012]
Next, the reason for limitation of each chemical component contained in the overlay metal layer of the present invention will be described in detail below.
Cr: 20-49%
In addition to being necessary for enhancing oxidation resistance, it is an important element for realizing coking resistance intended in the present invention.
In order to obtain such effects, it is usually necessary to add Cr 20% or more. Both effects increase when the Cr content is increased, but if it exceeds 49%, the austenite structure becomes unstable, the workability becomes low and bending becomes difficult, and the practicality as an alloy becomes low.
A particularly preferred range in which the coking resistance is sufficiently high and the workability is not bad is Cr: 40 to 47%.
[0013]
Al + Si: 1.5-5%
Below 1.5%, the effect of suppressing the movement of carbon at the grain boundaries is small. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5%, the ductility decreases and cracks occur during overlay welding. Therefore, the present invention sets Al + Si to 1.5 to 5%.
[0014]
Ni: In order to maintain a stable structure in a high temperature use environment such as a reaction tube for producing the remainder ethylene and to obtain the intended coking resistance, it is often necessary to have at least 35% Ni present. To do. If the amount of Ni increases, the effect increases accordingly, but if it is too much, it does not correspond to it and becomes uneconomical, so 80% is the practical upper limit.
[0015]
Co
Ni is the part can be replaced with Co, or the effect does not change even replaced, in some cases it is possible to obtain a further improvement in anti-coking property. However, Co is more expensive than Ni as a material, and the significance of replacement is not so high, so replacing it in large quantities is not always a good idea. It is usually advantageous to replace 10% of the Ni content and at most 50%.
[0016]
C: ≤0.1%
Usually, heat-resistant steel requires a certain amount of C in order to ensure tensile strength and creep rupture strength. However, C is harmful to corrosion resistance and coking resistance. In the metal composite pipe of the present invention, since the strength can be borne by the base metal pipe, the build-up weld layer does not particularly need to have high strength. Therefore, the C content in the overlay weld layer is low. An acceptable range is up to 0.1%.
[0017]
N: ≦ 0.3%
The presence of a large amount of N leads to hardening and embrittlement of the overlay weld layer, so it should be 0.3% or less.
[0018]
Mn: ≦ 1.5%, preferably 1.0% or less Since this is also a deoxidizer, it is an unavoidable component, but it is desirable to regulate it to 1.5% or less in order to keep coking resistance high. More desirable is 1.0% or less.
[0019]
Fe: ≤ 10%
Since Fe is a component that causes coking, it is desirable to limit it to 10% or less.
[0020]
P + S: ≤ 0.02%
Since both P and S are elements that lower weldability (especially increase crack sensitivity), the total content is restricted to 0.02% or less.
[0021]
O: ≤0.3%
If there is a large amount of O, blowholes are generated in the weld metal and the build-up weld layer may become porous, so it is desirable to regulate it to 0.3% or less .
[0022]
The following can be illustrated as a base metal pipe in the metal composite pipe of the present invention.
-Iron-base alloy containing 8% or more of Cr, typical steel types are SUS403, SUS410, SUS304, SUS316, SUH3 and SUH4
・ Heat resistant cast steel, typically SCH15 and SCH16
・ HK materials, especially HK-40 materials (25Cr-20Ni-0.4C)
・ HP materials, especially HP-40 materials (25Cr-35Ni-0.4C)
・ HP adjustment material (25Cr-35Ni-0.4C-Nb / W)
[0023]
【Example】
Next, examples of the present invention will be described in detail below.
As alloy powders for overlay welding, 42 types of alloys that give alloy compositions as shown in Table 1 were powdered by melting and gas spray-gas cooling method, and sieved to collect the range of +60 to -250 mesh It was.
[0024]
Next, the above-mentioned alloy powder was overlay welded to a thickness of 5 mm by the powder plasma welding method (PPW method: plasma powder welding) on the entire outer periphery of a SUS347 pipe having an outer diameter of 10 mm, an inner diameter of 4 mm, and a length of 1.5 m. .
Next, using a center hole drilling machine (BTA), a hole with a diameter of 14 mm is drilled in the center of the welded pipe, so that the entire SUS347 pipe as the base metal pipe and the outer welded layer on the outside Part of this was scraped to produce a welded welded single-layer pipe with an outer diameter of 20 mm, an inner diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 1.5 m.
[0025]
The inner surface of the overlay welding single layer was polished to obtain a smooth surface having a surface roughness (maximum roughness) of 3 μm or less.
And the caulking-proof test and the carburization-proof test were done with respect to the pipe obtained in this way.
[0026]
Here, the anti-caulking test was conducted as follows.
That is, each tube was put in an experimental furnace for producing ethylene, and a test in which steam obtained by vaporizing naphtha through the tube at a temperature of 1100 ° C. was passed at a flow rate of 0.5 m / second was continued for 100 hours.
Then, after the above-described flow test was completed, the tube was cooled and its weight was measured, and the weight of the tube itself was subtracted therefrom to obtain the amount of deposited carbon.
[0027]
On the other hand, the carburization resistance test was performed as follows.
That is, the above tube was placed in a heating furnace together with a solid carburizing agent “KG13” (manufactured by Degussa) and heated to a temperature of 1100 ° C. for 200 hours. It was taken out and the depth of the carburized layer (the portion where the C content increased by 2% or more) was measured.
[0028]
In addition to these carburization resistance tests and caulking tests, welding tests were also performed.
Specifically, the tube obtained above is longitudinally cut in two directions perpendicular to each other (4-direction cutting), and then the presence or absence of defects (cracks, blowholes) is determined by a penetration inspection test and microstructure observation on the cut surface. investigated.
These results are shown in Table 2.
[0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004023288
[0030]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004023288
[0031]
As seen in Table 2 of results, those embodiments of the present invention comprising a main component serving as Cr, Al in addition to Ni, the Si added to the overlay welding layer, coking resistance, carburization resistance and welding Both properties are good.
[0032]
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, this is merely an example, and the present invention can be implemented in variously modified forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a metal composite pipe that is excellent in caulking resistance and carburization resistance and can satisfactorily suppress deterioration of the pipe due to the carburization phenomenon.

Claims (2)

質量%
Cr:20〜49
を含有するとともにAl,Siの1種又は2種を
Al+Si:1.5〜5%
となるように含有し、残部が Ni 及び不可避的不純物で且つ不純物としてのC,N,Mn,Fe,P+S,Oのそれぞれを
C :≦0.1%
N :≦0.3%
Mn:≦1.5%
Fe:≦10%
P+S:≦0.02%
O :≦0.3%
に規制して成る組成の合金の肉盛溶接層を基材金属管の内面又は外面に積層形成して複合化したことを特徴とする耐浸炭性に優れた金属複合管。
In mass%
Cr: 20-49 %
And one or two of Al and Si
Al + Si: 1.5-5%
And the balance is Ni and inevitable impurities, and each of C, N, Mn, Fe, P + S, and O as impurities
C: ≤0.1%
N: ≦ 0.3%
Mn: ≤1.5%
Fe: ≤ 10%
P + S: ≤ 0.02%
O: ≤0.3%
A metal composite tube excellent in carburization resistance, characterized in that an overlay weld layer of an alloy having a composition regulated by the above is laminated on the inner surface or outer surface of a base metal tube to form a composite.
請求項1において、前記Niの一部をCoで置き換えてなることを特徴とする耐浸炭性に優れた金属複合管。In claim 1, the metal composite pipe the part superior carburization resistance characterized by comprising replaced by Co in the Ni.
JP2002316759A 2002-10-30 2002-10-30 Metal composite tube with excellent carburization resistance Expired - Fee Related JP4023288B2 (en)

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