JP4022254B2 - Clay-containing mixtures and blends capable of forming waterproof gels and use of the mixtures and blends - Google Patents
Clay-containing mixtures and blends capable of forming waterproof gels and use of the mixtures and blends Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4022254B2 JP4022254B2 JP51789894A JP51789894A JP4022254B2 JP 4022254 B2 JP4022254 B2 JP 4022254B2 JP 51789894 A JP51789894 A JP 51789894A JP 51789894 A JP51789894 A JP 51789894A JP 4022254 B2 JP4022254 B2 JP 4022254B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blend
- mixture
- weight
- water
- blends
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 138
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide-acrylic acid resin Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C RNIHAPSVIGPAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWBWGPRZOYDADH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Na] Chemical compound [C].[Na] GWBWGPRZOYDADH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006322 acrylamide copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010811 mineral waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/42—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S106/00—Compositions: coating or plastic
- Y10S106/90—Soil stabilization
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S71/00—Chemistry: fertilizers
- Y10S71/903—Soil conditioner
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
本発明は、粉末または粉砕スメクタイト及び／またはスメクタイト含有天然岩石と、そのスメクタイト含量に関して計算して１〜１０重量％の水溶性ポリマーからなり、防水性ゲルを形成しうる粘土含有混合物に関する。そのような混合物は希釈剤をも含有してよく、かかる希釈剤含有物をこの明細書ではブレンドと称する。
粘土含有混合物及びゲル形成におけるその使用は、ＥＰ−Ａ−Ｏ ３３５ ６５３から知られている。この文献によれば、粘土鉱物と少なくとも０．６重量％の水溶性ポリマーからなる混合物を水の存在下で強力に撹拌または混練して、その粘土鉱物とポリマーとの間の反応を行わせる。このようにすると、粘土鉱物／ポリマーコンプレックスの懸濁物が生じ、このものは、随意に乾燥工程の後に、再び水の存在下での強力撹拌または混練下に少なくとも０．５重量％の活性剤と反応させられる。この後者の反応は可逆的に水を吸収及び放出できるゲルを与える。従って、粘土鉱物と水溶性ポリマーの混合物は、希釈剤として水を伴なっても、伴なわなくても、実のところゲル形成のための予備混合物であり、その最終ゲルは強力な機械的操作の下で水の存在下に行なわれる二つの化学反応で得られ、その第２の反応においては反応剤として別個に添加される活性剤を適用する。
本発明による目的は、実用されるべきゲル形成組成物製造方法を改善し、かくして出発原料の混合物の取扱方法が一層容易であり、使用される装置が一層簡単であり、そして全体の操作のエネルギー消費がより少ない。
目的は、本発明による粘土含有混合物またはブレンドによって満足されるが、その混合物及びブレンドの両者が乾燥固体であり、ブレンドは希釈剤として０．０５ｍｍにより大きな平均粒径を有する０．５重量％を越える１種またはそれ以上の固体不活性充填剤を含み、そしてその混合及びブレンドの両者が、さらに加えて０．８〜６．０重量％の粉末固体活性剤を含むことを特徴としている。すべての重量百分率は存在するスメクタイトに関して計算されている。
本発明によれば、ブレンドは、好ましくは、ブレンドの重量に基き１〜９５重量％の固体不活性充填剤を含み、その充填剤は、好ましくは０．１〜８．０ｍｍの粒子寸法を有する。この充填剤は、砂、ケイ酸塩類、粉砕した岩石または鉱物、粉砕焼成セラミックまたはそれらの混合物から選択されうる。また充填剤として、建築業から粉砕廃材を使用することも可能である。
本発明による混合物及びブレンドの両者は、乾燥固体である、すなわちいずれの化学反応のためにも不可欠な遊離水が存在しない。それらが水を接触すると、それらは防水性ゲルへと自然的に変化する。この明細書において使用されている用語「防水性」は、雨、天然源の水、工業及び家庭廃水及び下水のような、その環境からのいずれの液体の攻撃的及び積極的に作用に対してゲルが抵抗することを意味する。そのような液体の特徴的な例は、少量の鉱物または有機質起源の溶存外来物質をも含んでいることがある水から主としてなるものである。
混合物及びその希釈されたもの（ブレンド）の両者は、水密絶縁状態とされるべき表面上または穴中にそれらを塗付することによる湿気絶縁目的のために実用されうる。小面積が処理されるべきとき、あるいは薄い絶縁層が形成されるべきときには、混合物はそのままで使用することもできるが、廃材集積場のシーリングのためのような一層大きな面積や一層厚い層のためにはブレンドを用いるのがはるかに便宜的である。
公知方法は、絶縁目的のために良好な結果を与えるように応用しうる高品質ゲルの形成をもたらすが、それらの方法は、いずれの場合もゲルが可成り煩わしい機械的な操作によって予備成形されなければならないという共通の欠点を有する。この操作は、時々処置が困難であり、また強力混練及び長時間乾燥を必要とするので可成りエネルギー集約的である。これらの欠点は、経済的な観点からこれらの方法の魅力を低める。これらの問題は、今や本発明による混合物及びブレンドを用いることにより解消された。
今や、成分（すなわち、スメクタイトまたはスメクタイト含有岩石、活性剤、ポリマー及び添加剤類；後者はブレンド用のみである）を乾燥状態で均質化し、そして絶縁されるべきベイスンの下及びごみ捨場の上のように、処理されるべき区域へ、得られる固体乾燥混合物またはブレンドを塗付すればよい。この乾燥混合物またはブレンドが水または何らかの水含有液と接触すると、例えばそれが雨水、滲透水あるいは滲透水性溶液に曝されると、ゲル形成が自然的に開始し長時間にわたって継続し、防水性の非水透過性ゲルの形成がもたらされる。
理論的考え方によって本発明を拘束しあるいはその範囲を制限する意図はないが、おそらく水に固体乾燥混合物またはブレンドが接するときに、下記の物理化学的な過程が、生じるのであろう。
乾燥混合物またはブレンドの最も吸湿性の成分であるスメクタイト及びポリマーは、混合物またはブレンドの表面から水分を迅速に吸収する。かくして、湿潤域が混合物またはブレンド中に出現し、これがスメクタイト及び固体ポリマー粒子を膨潤せしめ、これに伴なってポリマーの継続的溶解がある。並行的に活性化カチオンが膨潤中のスメクタイトの格子構造に入り、かくして格子内に活性部位を形成する。溶解しつつあるポリマーは、このように形成された活性部位においてスメクタイトと反応する。この反応は最初は表面でのみ進行するので、活性剤は、混合物またはブレンド中に存在するスメクタイトの完全活性化のために必要とされる量よりも少ない量、時にははるかに少ない量で適用されうる。このような比較的少ない量の活性剤は、反応を開始させるのに充分であり、その反応は次いで自然的に進行するであろう。これは、時折りの緩く結合され従って交換可能なイオンが位置欠陥を生じさせないので、形成されるゲル構造の安定性をも向上させる。
いずれの化学反応のためにも不可欠な水性媒体は、固体乾燥混合物またはブレンドのスメクタイト及びポリマー成分の膨潤によって固体乾燥混合物またはブレンド中に次第に現れるので、ゲル形成も次第次第になされる、すなわち、ゲル形成は、乾燥混合物またはブレンドの表面から下の方の部分へ向けて「層状」に進行する。これは拡散によって進行し；その拡散速度は、乾燥混合物またはブレンドの組成、水性液体の組成、または形成されるゲルの構造のような多数の因子によって決定される。最初に形成される薄い反応剤層であっても、時には、完全な防水性を与えるのに充分であることは、重要である。
スメクタイトとしては、例えばモンモリロナイト、ビーデライト、ヘクトライト、ノントロナイト、サポナイト、イライト、アレバルダイト、それらの混合物、それらを含んでいる天然岩石（例えばベントナイト）、あるいは、スメクタイト型ケイ酸塩類の人工混合物（例えば英国ラポルテＬａｐｏｒｔｅ社製のＬＡＰＯＮＩＴＥ；商標）が利用できる。スメクタイトは、不活性状態で存在するが、このことは、格子ナトリウム及びリチウムイオンが、もし存在するとすれば、交換可能格子カチオンの全体の３０％以下をなすことを意味する。従って、例えば、ナトリウム及びカルシウムイオンを１：３の数比で含むモンモリロナイトであっても、なおその格子構造を開くための活性剤を必要とする予不活性スメクタイトである。
本発明による固体乾燥混合物またはブレンドにおいて活性剤は、スメクタイトの格子構造中へ組み入れられない一成分として固体粉末状態で存在する。活性剤として、いずれの水溶性ナトリウムまたはリチウム塩も利用でき、そのアニオンがアルカリ土類金属と共に不溶性沈澱を形成する。そのような活性剤の例は、炭酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム類、ポリリン酸ナトリウム類、炭酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム及びそれらの混合物であり、炭酸ナトリウムが最も適当である。
スメクタイトと反応しうるいずれの水溶性ポリマーも、本発明によるブレンドまたは混合物中のポリマー成分として利用できる。そのようなポリマーの例は、官能基として−ＣＯＯＨ、−ＣＯＯ-Ｍｅ+（Ｍ+は１価の金属イオンである）、−ＣＯＮＨ2、−ＯＨ及び／または＝Ｃ−Ｏ−Ｃ＝基を含むものである。使用されるべきポリマーの例は、４０％以下の加水分解度のポリアクリルアミド、ポリメタクリルアミド、アクリルアミド−アクリル酸コポリマー、ビニルアルコール−アクリル酸コポリマー、ポリエチレンオキシド及びこれらの混合物である。セルロース主鎖にグラフトされたアクリルアミドのようなグラフトポリマーも利用できる。ポリマーの分子量は一般的には１５，０００，０００以下であり、好ましい分子量範囲は４００，０００〜１０，０００，０００である。好ましい水溶性ポリマーの一つは、ポリアクリルアミドである。
本発明による乾燥ブレンドは、１種またはそれ以上の乾燥固体充填剤をも含んでいる。充填剤の代表的なものは既に上記で述べた。粉砕コンクリートまたは破砕したレンガ、タイル及びセラミックスのような粉砕固体鉱物系廃材は特殊な充填剤群をなす。そのような充填剤の使用で建築業からの廃材がリサイクルされうる。
本発明による混合物及びブレンドは、それぞれの成分を単に均質化させることにより製造される。それらの成分は任意の順序で導入することができ、そして均質化は段階式でも実施できる。従って、まず第１に混合物を作り、これを後で充填剤と均質化されてブレンドを形成することにより操作進行できる。好ましくは、１部の混合物について、１〜５０部の充填剤を使用する。
固体乾燥混合物及び固体乾燥ブレンドの両者は、水分から防護される場合には、長期間貯蔵されうる。それらは慣用状態によって水平ないし傾斜面上に容易に適用できる。それらは亀裂や空洞を充満するのにも適用できる。前述のように、大規模な絶縁のためにはブレンドを使用するのが推奨される。
本発明による固体乾燥ブレンドは、高度ブレンド乱流を生じさせるいずれかの配向された高速度流体（すなわち気体または液体）流によって（コンクリート・シューティング技法）、処理されるべき区域にブレンドを適用する技法でも利用されうる。この例において、乾燥ブレンドは、高度乱流の形成の明確な段階において、反応に必要とされる水と接触する。そのような技術によって、すぐれた接着性の弾性層が形成されうる。この層は、所望ならば、コンクリート層と結合されうる。
スメクタイト、ポリマー、活性剤及び（もし存在するならば）不活性添加剤のタイプ及び両の両者は、広い限度内で変動されうる。不活性固体添加剤の粒子寸法及び粒子寸法分布も変動されうる。このことは、本発明による混合物及びブレンドの両者が極度に多用性であり、特定の要求に適合するいろいろなタイプが与えられうる。
そのすぐれた水絶縁性とは別に、本発明による乾燥混合物またはブレンドから形成されるゲルは、環境水分の作用に対して、別の特別な利点を有する。乾燥混合物またはブレンド上に注がれる高酸性の水性混合物は中性となり、あるいは時にはわずかにアルカリ性とさえなりうる。従って、例えば、ｐＨ１．５の水性酸が、乾燥混合物またはブレンド上に注がれると、ゲル形成が開始し、そしてゲル形成と並行してゲルの上に残っている液体のｐＨが次第に７〜８に増加する。この現象は、ゲルの上の液体を数回のサイクルで新たな水性酸に変えた後にも現れる。本発明による乾燥混合物またはブレンドから形成されたゲルのこのような緩衝性は、環境保護及び腐食防止の観点から特に有利である。ゲルの熱及び霜抵抗性はすぐれており、その構造及び絶縁性は−２２℃ないし＋６０℃の温度範囲内で変化しない。従って、本発明による乾燥混合物及びブレンドは極端な天候条件下でさえも応用できる。
本発明による乾燥混合物及びブレンド、そして殊にブレンドは、下記の目的のために特に好ましく使用されうる：
− 水の破壊作用にさらされるベイスン、ごみ捨場及びその他の物の水密性絶縁；
− 廃材貯蔵所の絶縁；
− 地下廃材貯蔵場所の表面を再耕地化する前のそのような場所の被覆層；
− 酸性液体にさらされる物品のための保護層；
− 水にさらされる壁、ごみ捨場及びその他の物の空洞及び亀裂の破損部同志を一緒に接合するための充填剤；
− 振動破損にさらされる鉄道、道路及びその他の物のために振動均衡化及び絶縁床の形成。
ここに本発明を下記の非限定的実施例に基づいて説明する。
実施例１
イステンメゼージェ（Ｉｓｔｅｎｍｅｚｅｊｅ）（ハンガリー）産の粉末ベントナイト（スメクタイト含量７４重量％）７３ｋｇ、マード・コルジュ（Ｍａｄ−ｋｏｌｄｕ）（ハンガリー）産の粉末ベントナイト（スメクタイト含量４２重量％）、粉末炭素ナトリウム４．５ｋｇ、及び固体ポリアクリルアミド７．６ｋｇから出発して混合物を作った。これらの材料をパイロットプラント規模の粉末ブレンダーで均質化した。この混合物のうちの１．７ｋｇを０．８〜４．０ｍｍの粒子寸法の乾燥砂８．５ｋｇと共に均質化した。
直径２〜８ｍｍの乾燥砂を、両端部が開放されているが下端部分で細くされた直径１０ｃｍのガラス管中に詰めた。この砂の上に上記の乾燥ブレンドの４ｃｍ厚の層を詰めた。その乾燥ブレンドの上に水を１ｍの高さに満たし、この組立構成体を放置した。
管の底部中に詰められた砂は２箇月後でも完全に乾燥したままであった。
実施例２
実施例１の方法を、０．８ｋｇの粉末カルシウムヘクトライト、０．５ｋｇのババリア産の粉末活性化ベントナイト（遊離炭酸ナトリウム含量：３重量％、ナトリウム・モンモリトナイト含量：８０重量％）、０．１ｋｇのアクリルアミド・アクリル酸コポリマー粉末（加水分解度：２３．０％）、５ｋｇの細砂（粒子寸法：０．２〜１．０ｍｍ）、４ｋｇの粗砂（粒子寸法：１〜３ｍｍ）及び４．５ｋｇの粉砕玄武岩（粒子寸法：０．５〜８．０ｍｍ）を用いて繰り返し、これらの出発原料は実験室用粉末ブレンダー中で１０分間混合された。
底に流出口を有するガラス容器の底に乾燥土を層状に入れ、その乾燥土の上に上記組成の乾燥ブレンドで５ｃｍ厚の層を形成した。しかる後に、家庭ゴミの水性抽出物を、その乾燥ブレンドの上に２０ｃｍの高さに満たした。この組立構成体を放置した。この組立構成体中に最下層として用いられた土は３週間後に完全に乾燥したままであった。
実施例３
０．１ｋｇのワイオミング（米国）産ベントナイト（ナトリウムスメクタイト含量８７重量％）、０．４ｋｇのマイロス（Ｍｙｌｏｓ）（ギリシャ）産の粉末ベントナイト（カルシウムスメクタイト含量７５重量％）、０．００４ｋｇの粉末炭酸カルシウム、０．００８ｋｇの粉末トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、０．００８ｋｇの粉末ポリアクリルアミド（加水分解度１０％）及び０．００４ｋｇの粉末ポリエチレングリコール（分子量５百万）を用い、実験室用粉末ブレンダー中で均質化することにより実施例１の方法を繰り返して、混合物を得た。
０．１５ｋｇの砂（粒子寸法０．１〜３．０ｍｍ）、０．２５ｋｇの粉砕玄武岩（粒子寸法０．５〜４．０ｍｍ）、及び０．３ｋｇの破砕焼成セラミック廃材（粒子寸法０．１〜５．０ｍｍ）を均質化し、この不活性充填剤の均質化物を、前節記載の乾燥混合物の０．３ｋｇと混合して乾燥ブレンドを得た。
直径５ｃｍのガラス管に、下記の物質を所与の順序で詰めた：乾燥砂の１０ｃｍ層、上記乾燥ブレンドの４ｃｍ層、乾燥砂の５ｃｍ層、乾燥土の４ｃｍ層、及び１重量％の塩化カルシウム、０．５重量％の塩化ナトリウム、０．１重量％の硫黄第二鉄及び０．１重量％乳化ガソリンを含む水溶液の３０ｃｍ層。
この組立構成体を放置した。
この組立構成体中の最下層として用いた砂は３週間後に完全に乾燥した状態のままであった。
実施例４
８００ｋｇの乾燥砂利（粒子寸法：０．２〜８ｍｍ）、２０ｋｇのドイツ産のＢ１級ベントナイト（ナトリウムスメクタイト含量：７８％、遊離炭酸ナトリウム含量：４％）、４０ｋｇのマード（ハンガリー）産のＯＮ １００級ベントナイト粉末（カルシウムスメクタイト含量：４５％）、エブルスレー
かくして、完全な、平坦な良好な接着性の層が双方のコンクリート表面上に形成された。
実施例５
両端部で開放されているが、下端部分で細くされた直径３ｍ及び、高さ４０ｃｍのガラス管の下端部分に綿で栓をした。２ｍｍ以下の粒子寸法をもつ乾燥砂をその綿の栓の上に、高さ３ｃｍの層状となし、次いで実施例１の最初の部分に記載した組成をもつ乾燥ブレンドの２ｃｍ厚の層をその砂層の上に形成した。この後者の表面を目の粗い地覆用布地（ｇｅｏｔｅｘｔｉｌｅ）を用いてゆるく圧縮しそして覆った。
そのガラス管中へ４０ｍｌの硫酸水溶液（ｐＨ２．４）を注ぎ込み、この組立構成体を１週間放置した。上方の水溶液のｐＨを測定したところ、７．８であることが判った。このわずかにアルカリ性の水溶液を取り除き、ガラス管にｐＨ２．４の新たな硫酸水溶液を満たした。このサイクルを４回繰り返した。第４サイクル後に水性層のｐＨはなおも６．８に上昇していた。The present invention relates to a clay-containing mixture consisting of powdered or ground smectite and / or smectite-containing natural rocks and 1-10% by weight of a water-soluble polymer calculated with respect to the smectite content and capable of forming a waterproof gel. Such a mixture may also contain a diluent, such diluent containing being referred to herein as a blend.
A clay-containing mixture and its use in gel formation is known from EP-A-O 335 653. According to this document, a mixture of a clay mineral and at least 0.6% by weight of a water-soluble polymer is vigorously stirred or kneaded in the presence of water to cause a reaction between the clay mineral and the polymer. In this way, a suspension of clay mineral / polymer complex is formed, which is optionally at least 0.5% by weight of activator after the drying step, again with vigorous stirring or kneading in the presence of water. To be reacted. This latter reaction gives a gel that can reversibly absorb and release water. Therefore, the mixture of clay mineral and water-soluble polymer is in fact a premix for gel formation, with or without water as diluent, and the final gel is a powerful mechanical operation In the second reaction, an activator, which is obtained separately in the second reaction, is applied in the second reaction.
The object according to the present invention is to improve the gel-forming composition production method to be put into practical use, thus the handling of the starting material mixture is easier, the equipment used is simpler, and the overall operating energy. Less consumption.
The object is satisfied by the clay-containing mixture or blend according to the invention, but both the mixture and the blend are dry solids and the blend is 0.5% by weight with a mean particle size greater than 0.05 mm as diluent. Including one or more solid inert fillers, and both the blend and blend are further characterized by 0.8 to 6.0% by weight of powdered solid active agent. All weight percentages are calculated with respect to the smectite present.
According to the present invention, the blend preferably comprises 1 to 95% by weight solid inert filler, based on the weight of the blend, which filler preferably has a particle size of 0.1 to 8.0 mm. . This filler may be selected from sand, silicates, ground rock or mineral, ground fired ceramic or mixtures thereof. It is also possible to use crushed waste material from the building industry as a filler.
Both the mixtures and blends according to the present invention are dry solids, ie there is no free water essential for any chemical reaction. When they come into contact with water, they naturally transform into a waterproof gel. As used herein, the term “waterproof” refers to the aggressive and aggressive action of any liquid from its environment, such as rain, natural source water, industrial and domestic wastewater and sewage. It means that the gel resists. A characteristic example of such a liquid consists mainly of water which may also contain small amounts of dissolved foreign substances of mineral or organic origin.
Both the mixture and its diluted (blend) can be put to practical use for moisture insulation purposes by applying them on the surface or holes to be watertight insulated. When a small area is to be processed or when a thin insulating layer is to be formed, the mixture can be used as is, but for larger areas and thicker layers, such as for sealing waste dumps. It is much more convenient to use blends.
Known methods result in the formation of high quality gels that can be applied to give good results for insulation purposes, but in any case they are preformed by a rather cumbersome mechanical operation where the gel is rather cumbersome. Have the common disadvantage of having to. This operation is rather energy intensive because it is sometimes difficult to treat and requires intense kneading and prolonged drying. These disadvantages make these methods less attractive from an economic point of view. These problems have now been eliminated by using the mixtures and blends according to the invention.
Now the ingredients (ie smectite or smectite-containing rocks, activators, polymers and additives; the latter is only for blending) are homogenized in the dry state and below the basin to be insulated and above the dump Thus, the resulting solid dry mixture or blend may be applied to the area to be treated. When this dry mixture or blend comes into contact with water or any water-containing liquid, for example when it is exposed to rain water, permeable water or permeable water solution, gel formation starts spontaneously and continues for a long time. This results in the formation of a non-water permeable gel.
While not intending to limit or limit the scope of the invention by theoretical thinking, the following physicochemical processes will probably occur when the solid dry mixture or blend is in contact with water.
Smectites and polymers, which are the most hygroscopic components of a dry mixture or blend, quickly absorb moisture from the surface of the mixture or blend. Thus, a wet zone appears in the mixture or blend, which causes the smectite and solid polymer particles to swell, accompanied by continued dissolution of the polymer. In parallel, the activated cations enter the swelling smectite lattice structure, thus forming active sites within the lattice. The dissolving polymer reacts with smectite at the active site thus formed. Since this reaction initially proceeds only at the surface, the activator can be applied in an amount that is less than that required for full activation of the smectite present in the mixture or blend, sometimes much less. . Such a relatively small amount of activator is sufficient to initiate the reaction, which will then proceed spontaneously. This also improves the stability of the gel structure that is formed because the occasionally loosely bound and thus exchangeable ions do not cause positional defects.
Since the aqueous medium essential for any chemical reaction gradually appears in the solid dry mixture or blend due to swelling of the smectite and polymer components of the solid dry mixture or blend, gel formation is also progressively achieved, i.e. gel formation. Proceeds "layered" from the surface of the dry mixture or blend toward the lower part. This proceeds by diffusion; its diffusion rate is determined by a number of factors such as the composition of the dry mixture or blend, the composition of the aqueous liquid, or the structure of the gel formed. It is important that even a thin reactant layer initially formed is sufficient to provide complete waterproofing.
Examples of smectites include montmorillonite, beidellite, hectorite, nontronite, saponite, illite, alevardite, mixtures thereof, natural rocks containing them (for example bentonite), or artificial mixtures of smectite silicates (for example, LAPONITE (trademark) manufactured by Laporte Laporte, UK can be used. Smectite exists in an inert state, which means that if present, lattice sodium and lithium ions make up less than 30% of the total exchangeable lattice cation. Thus, for example, montmorillonite containing sodium and calcium ions in a number ratio of 1: 3 is a pre-inert smectite that still requires an activator to open its lattice structure.
In the solid dry mixture or blend according to the invention, the active agent is present in the solid powder state as a component that is not incorporated into the smectite lattice structure. Any water-soluble sodium or lithium salt can be used as the activator, and its anion forms an insoluble precipitate with the alkaline earth metal. Examples of such activators are sodium carbonate, sodium phosphates, sodium polyphosphates, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate and mixtures thereof, with sodium carbonate being most suitable.
Any water soluble polymer that can react with smectite can be utilized as the polymer component in a blend or mixture according to the present invention. Examples of such polymers include —COOH, —COO − Me + (M + is a monovalent metal ion), —CONH 2 , —OH and / or ═C—O—C = group as functional groups. Is included. Examples of polymers to be used are polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer, vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid copolymer, polyethylene oxide and mixtures thereof with a degree of hydrolysis of 40% or less. Graft polymers such as acrylamide grafted onto the cellulose backbone can also be used. The molecular weight of the polymer is generally 15,000,000 or less, and the preferred molecular weight range is 400,000 to 10,000,000. One preferred water soluble polymer is polyacrylamide.
The dry blend according to the invention also contains one or more dry solid fillers. Representative fillers have already been mentioned above. Ground solid mineral waste such as ground concrete or crushed bricks, tiles and ceramics forms a special group of fillers. With the use of such fillers, waste materials from the building industry can be recycled.
Mixtures and blends according to the present invention are produced by simply homogenizing the respective components. The components can be introduced in any order and the homogenization can be carried out stepwise. Thus, the operation can proceed by first making a mixture and later homogenizing it with the filler to form a blend. Preferably, 1 to 50 parts of filler is used per part of the mixture.
Both solid dry blends and solid dry blends can be stored for extended periods if protected from moisture. They can be easily applied on horizontal or inclined surfaces depending on the conventional conditions. They can also be applied to fill cracks and cavities. As mentioned above, it is recommended to use blends for large scale insulation.
A solid dry blend according to the present invention is a technique that applies a blend to an area to be treated by any oriented high velocity fluid (ie, gas or liquid) flow (concrete shooting technique) that produces high blend turbulence. But it can be used. In this example, the dry blend comes into contact with the water required for the reaction at a well-defined stage of high turbulence formation. With such a technique, an excellent adhesive elastic layer can be formed. This layer can be combined with a concrete layer if desired.
Both the type of smectite, polymer, active agent and inert additive (if present) and both can be varied within wide limits. The particle size and particle size distribution of the inert solid additive can also be varied. This means that both the mixtures and blends according to the invention are extremely versatile and can be given different types that meet specific requirements.
Apart from its excellent water insulation properties, the gel formed from the dry mixture or blend according to the invention has another special advantage for the action of environmental moisture. A highly acidic aqueous mixture poured over a dry mixture or blend can be neutral, or sometimes even slightly alkaline. Thus, for example, when a pH 1.5 aqueous acid is poured onto a dry mixture or blend, gel formation begins and the pH of the liquid remaining on the gel in parallel with gel formation gradually increases from 7 to Increase to 8. This phenomenon also appears after changing the liquid on the gel to a new aqueous acid in several cycles. Such buffering of the gel formed from the dry mixture or blend according to the invention is particularly advantageous from the standpoint of environmental protection and corrosion protection. The heat and frost resistance of the gel is excellent and its structure and insulation do not change within the temperature range of -22 ° C to + 60 ° C. Thus, the dry mixtures and blends according to the present invention can be applied even under extreme weather conditions.
The dry mixtures and blends according to the invention, and in particular the blends, can be used particularly preferably for the following purposes:
-Watertight insulation of basins, garbage dumps and other objects exposed to water destruction;
-Insulation of waste storage;
-The cover layer of such sites before recultivating the surface of the underground waste storage site;
-A protective layer for articles exposed to acidic liquids;
-Fillers for joining together cavities and cracks in walls exposed to water, waste dumps and other objects;
-Vibration balancing and insulation floor formation for railways, roads and other objects that are subject to vibration damage.
The invention will now be described based on the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1
Powdered bentonite (Ismmezeje) (Hungary) 73 kg, powdered bentonite (Smectite content 42% by weight) from Mad-koldu (Hungary), powdered carbon sodium 4 A mixture was made starting from .5 kg and 7.6 kg of solid polyacrylamide. These materials were homogenized in a pilot plant scale powder blender. 1.7 kg of this mixture was homogenized with 8.5 kg of dry sand with a particle size of 0.8-4.0 mm.
Dry sand having a diameter of 2 to 8 mm was packed in a glass tube having a diameter of 10 cm, which was open at both ends but narrowed at the lower end. On this sand was packed a 4 cm thick layer of the above dry blend. Water was filled to a height of 1 m above the dry blend and the assembly was left to stand.
The sand packed in the bottom of the tube remained completely dry after 2 months.
Example 2
The method of Example 1 was repeated using 0.8 kg of powdered calcium hectorite, 0.5 kg of Bavaria powder activated bentonite (free sodium carbonate content: 3 wt%, sodium montmorillonite content: 80 wt%), 0 1 kg of acrylamide / acrylic acid copolymer powder (degree of hydrolysis: 23.0%), 5 kg of fine sand (particle size: 0.2 to 1.0 mm), 4 kg of coarse sand (particle size: 1 to 3 mm) and Repeated with 4.5 kg ground basalt (particle size: 0.5-8.0 mm), these starting materials were mixed in a laboratory powder blender for 10 minutes.
Dry soil was layered on the bottom of a glass container having an outlet at the bottom, and a 5 cm thick layer was formed on the dry soil by a dry blend of the above composition. Thereafter, an aqueous extract of household waste was filled to a height of 20 cm above the dry blend. This assembly structure was left unattended. The soil used as the bottom layer in this assembled structure remained completely dry after 3 weeks.
Example 3
0.1 kg Wyoming (USA) bentonite (sodium smectite content 87 wt%), 0.4 kg Mylos (Greece) powdered bentonite (calcium smectite content 75 wt%), 0.004 kg powdered calcium carbonate , 0.008 kg powdered sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.008 kg powdered polyacrylamide (hydrolysis 10%) and 0.004 kg powdered polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 5 million), homogenized in a laboratory powder blender Thus, the method of Example 1 was repeated to obtain a mixture.
0.15 kg sand (particle size 0.1-3.0 mm), 0.25 kg crushed basalt (particle size 0.5-4.0 mm), and 0.3 kg crushed fired ceramic waste (particle size 0.1 ~ 5.0 mm) and this inert filler homogenate was mixed with 0.3 kg of the dry mixture described in the previous section to obtain a dry blend.
A 5 cm diameter glass tube was packed with the following materials in the given order: 10 cm layer of dry sand, 4 cm layer of the above dry blend, 5 cm layer of dry sand, 4 cm layer of dry soil, and 1 wt% chloride. 30 cm layer of an aqueous solution containing calcium, 0.5 wt% sodium chloride, 0.1 wt% ferric sulfur and 0.1 wt% emulsified gasoline.
This assembly structure was left unattended.
The sand used as the bottom layer in this assembled structure remained completely dry after 3 weeks.
Example 4
800 kg dry gravel (particle size: 0.2-8 mm), 20 kg German grade B1 bentonite (sodium smectite content: 78%, free sodium carbonate content: 4%), 40 kg ON 100 from Murdo (Hungary) Grade bentonite powder (calcium smectite content: 45%), Eversley
Thus, a complete, flat and good adhesion layer was formed on both concrete surfaces.
Example 5
Opened at both ends, the lower end of a glass tube having a diameter of 3 m and a height of 40 cm, which was narrowed at the lower end, was plugged with cotton. Dry sand having a particle size of 2 mm or less is layered on the cotton plug, 3 cm high, and then a 2 cm thick layer of dry blend having the composition described in the first part of Example 1 is used as the sand layer. Formed on top. This latter surface was loosely compressed and covered with a coarse texture.
40 ml of an aqueous sulfuric acid solution (pH 2.4) was poured into the glass tube, and the assembly structure was left for 1 week. When the pH of the upper aqueous solution was measured, it was found to be 7.8. The slightly alkaline aqueous solution was removed, and the glass tube was filled with a new aqueous sulfuric acid solution having a pH of 2.4. This cycle was repeated 4 times. After the fourth cycle, the pH of the aqueous layer was still rising to 6.8.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU9302960A HU9302960D0 (en) | 1993-02-03 | 1993-02-03 | Forward-looking rear-view mirror |
| HU9320361 | 1993-07-16 | ||
| HU20361/93 | 1993-07-16 | ||
| HU2960/93 | 1993-07-16 | ||
| PCT/NL1994/000017 WO1994018284A1 (en) | 1993-02-03 | 1994-01-25 | Clay-containing mixture and blend capable of forming a moisture rsistant gel, and use of that mixture and blend |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08506139A JPH08506139A (en) | 1996-07-02 |
| JP4022254B2 true JP4022254B2 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
Family
ID=26318164
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51789894A Expired - Fee Related JP4022254B2 (en) | 1993-02-03 | 1994-01-25 | Clay-containing mixtures and blends capable of forming waterproof gels and use of the mixtures and blends |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5604168A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0682684B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4022254B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE192184T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU676264B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2155343C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69424150T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0682684T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2147231T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3033424T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1012022A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT682684E (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2118943C1 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA34475C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994018284A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4418646A1 (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-11-30 | Sued Chemie Ag | Swellable smectite sealing layer |
| DE4446122A1 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-27 | Sued Chemie Ag | Adsorbent material for removal of anionic cpds. |
| NL1002580C2 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-15 | Bigg Aannemingsbedrijf Van Den | Method of protecting the soil from contaminants and soil construction for protecting the soil. |
| NL1002581C2 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-09-15 | Bigg Aannemingsbedrijf Van Den | Method of protecting the soil from contaminants and soil construction for protecting the soil. |
| NL1006935C2 (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-03-05 | Bigg Aannemingsbedrijf Van Den | Clay-containing mixture of dry solids to be used to form a moisture-resistant gel, method of forming a moisture-resistant gel directly on a substrate to be treated using such a mixture, and using such a mixture . |
| US6136430A (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2000-10-24 | Cargill, Incorporated | Disposable water resistant cover for bulk salt |
| NL1014185C2 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-07-27 | Trisoplast Int Bv | Method for applying a moisture-impermeable layer in the soil, as well as a trench obtained by such a method. |
| NL1014690C2 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-09-21 | Trisoplast Int Bv | Clay containing mixture or dilution mixture which can form a moisture resistant gel and use of that mixture and dilution mixture. |
| WO2005122668A2 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2005-12-29 | Biocentral Laboratories Limited | Biodegradable polymeric water retention concentrate |
| US7299652B2 (en) * | 2004-08-16 | 2007-11-27 | Gagnon Francois | Self-contained gel insulated container |
| EP1841526A2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2007-10-10 | Süd-Chemie Ag | Method for the production of cationised adsorbents absorbent means obtainable thus and preferred use thereof |
| GB0510490D0 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2005-06-29 | Oztech Pty Ltd | Pressure impulse mitigation |
| EP1985586A1 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-29 | Trisoplast International B.V. | Method of producing a modified smectite or smectite-containing substance capable of taking up and releasing water in a reversible manner |
| DE102008025970A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2009-01-02 | Schneider, Erika | Mixture of layered minerals |
| WO2010060198A1 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-03 | West Central Envirotech Inc. | Composition and method for controlling insects |
| NL1036270C2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-07 | Trisoplast Int Bv | METHOD FOR STIMULATING BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION AND DESTASSIFING WASTE LANDFILL SITES. |
| RU2466861C1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-20 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет" (С(А)ФУ) | Method of processing wood building materials |
| CN114180592B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-10-03 | 苏州中材非金属矿工业设计研究院有限公司 | Modified bentonite inorganic gel and modification method |
| NL2032305B1 (en) | 2022-06-28 | 2024-01-16 | Trisoplast Int B V | Consolidated dry mixture containing granular material and bentonite |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7102972A (en) * | 1971-03-05 | 1972-09-07 | ||
| GB1439734A (en) * | 1974-06-03 | 1976-06-16 | American Colloid Co | Industrial aqueous waste containment |
| US4753908A (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1988-06-28 | Agency Of Industrial Science | Method for production of microporous separating material from smectite type mineral |
| GB8610762D0 (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1986-06-11 | Allied Colloids Ltd | Soil sealing compositions |
| US5120344A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1992-06-09 | Altalanos Iparfejlesztesi Rt. | Method for producing a barrier layer in soil |
| DE68908447T2 (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1993-12-23 | Altalanos Iparfejlesztesi Rt B | Process for the production of gels from mineral clays and polymers, which can absorb water reversibly. |
| WO1992002596A1 (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-02-20 | Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostju 'novaya Mekhanika' | Water-swelling polymer-mineral composite and method of obtaining it |
| US5407480A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-18 | Vinings Industries, Inc. | Stabilized, high solids, low viscosity smectite slurries, and method of preparation |
-
1994
- 1994-01-25 WO PCT/NL1994/000017 patent/WO1994018284A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-01-25 DK DK94905250T patent/DK0682684T3/en active
- 1994-01-25 RU RU95118409A patent/RU2118943C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-01-25 UA UA95083646A patent/UA34475C2/en unknown
- 1994-01-25 PT PT94905250T patent/PT682684E/en unknown
- 1994-01-25 DE DE69424150T patent/DE69424150T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-25 US US08/495,511 patent/US5604168A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-25 AU AU58923/94A patent/AU676264B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-01-25 CA CA002155343A patent/CA2155343C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-25 JP JP51789894A patent/JP4022254B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-25 EP EP94905250A patent/EP0682684B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-25 AT AT94905250T patent/ATE192184T1/en active
- 1994-01-25 ES ES94905250T patent/ES2147231T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-12-08 HK HK98112972A patent/HK1012022A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-05-16 GR GR20000401114T patent/GR3033424T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5604168A (en) | 1997-02-18 |
| EP0682684B1 (en) | 2000-04-26 |
| HK1012022A1 (en) | 1999-07-23 |
| EP0682684A1 (en) | 1995-11-22 |
| ES2147231T3 (en) | 2000-09-01 |
| PT682684E (en) | 2000-09-29 |
| WO1994018284A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
| AU676264B2 (en) | 1997-03-06 |
| ATE192184T1 (en) | 2000-05-15 |
| GR3033424T3 (en) | 2000-09-29 |
| DE69424150T2 (en) | 2001-01-25 |
| CA2155343C (en) | 2004-12-28 |
| DE69424150D1 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
| AU5892394A (en) | 1994-08-29 |
| RU2118943C1 (en) | 1998-09-20 |
| DK0682684T3 (en) | 2000-09-04 |
| UA34475C2 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
| CA2155343A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
| JPH08506139A (en) | 1996-07-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4022254B2 (en) | Clay-containing mixtures and blends capable of forming waterproof gels and use of the mixtures and blends | |
| US4964918A (en) | Grouting composition | |
| EP0172938A2 (en) | A process for preparing clay containing gels | |
| EP0192423B1 (en) | Foamed product | |
| JPH10513491A (en) | Polymer soil supported fluid compositions and methods of using them | |
| JP5102422B2 (en) | Clay-containing mixture or blend capable of forming moisture-proof gel and use of the mixture and blend | |
| JP2634220B2 (en) | Watertight soil formation method especially for construction of sedimentation repository | |
| ES2576634T3 (en) | Production procedure of a modified smectite or substance containing smectite capable of capturing and releasing water reversibly | |
| JP4853200B2 (en) | Water-blocking structure and water-blocking method at joints of water-blocking walls, and water-insulating material that can follow deformation | |
| KR100356344B1 (en) | Founding method of wall for blocking a leachate from a buried wastes | |
| CN105268731A (en) | Novel environmental protection material soil curing agent for ecological remediation | |
| JP3074318B2 (en) | Mud material | |
| JPH09157647A (en) | Pozzolanic reaction, pozzolanic reaction product and soil improvement utilizing pozzolanic reaction | |
| JP3119080B2 (en) | Solidifying mixture | |
| HUT74243A (en) | Process for sealing soil formations | |
| SU1707052A1 (en) | Method of producing polymer-mineral composite | |
| Torii et al. | Effective utilization of coal ashes in road construction | |
| JPH10266109A (en) | Paving method, and modifier for paving soil or banking | |
| JPH0820776A (en) | Recycle of surplus soil of excavation | |
| HU215352B (en) | Solid dry mixture capable for making moisture-proof gel containing clay mineral | |
| Leroy | Interactions between Argillaceous Soils and Cement Materials(Interactions entre les Sols Argileux et les Materiaux a Base de Ciment) | |
| JP2003520916A (en) | How to introduce a moisture-impermeable layer into the soil, as well as trenches obtained by such a method | |
| JPS6219028B2 (en) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20040309 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20030902 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20040609 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20040726 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20040909 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20070313 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20070315 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20070507 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20070625 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20070911 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20071001 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101005 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111005 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121005 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131005 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |