JP3994076B2 - Bubble generation method and bubble material used for bubble shield method in bubble shield method - Google Patents
Bubble generation method and bubble material used for bubble shield method in bubble shield method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000021148 sequestering of metal ion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003174 cellulose-based polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/38—Gaseous or foamed well-drilling compositions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0678—Adding additives, e.g. chemical compositions, to the slurry or the cuttings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明は、気泡シールド工法において、特に透水性の高い砂礫地盤に用いて好適な気泡の生成方法及び気泡材に関する。 The present invention relates to a bubble generation method and a bubble material suitable for use in a gravel ground with high water permeability in the bubble shield method.
泥土圧系シールドで使用されている加泥材は、(a)ベントナイト系、(b)セルロース系、(c)ポリアクリルアミド系、(d)吸水性樹脂系、(e)界面活性剤系に分類される。 Mud pressure system shield pressurized mud material used in, (a) Bentonite, (b) cellulosic, (c) polyacrylamide, (d) water-absorbent resin, (e) classified in the surfactant system Is done.
一般に、気泡シールド工法で使用される気泡材は、これらのうちの(e)界面活性剤系の加泥材に属し、特殊起泡材(OK−2……パルプを原料としたセルロース系高分子を起泡材の主剤とするもの)の水溶液にエアを混入して生成されるものである。この気泡材を切羽に注入することにより、掘削土の流動性と止水性とを向上させるとともに、チャンバー内土砂の付着を防止し、切羽の安定性を確保しながらスムーズな掘削を行うことができる。 In general, the foam material used in the bubble shield method belongs to (e) surfactant-based mud material among these , and special foaming material (OK-2 ... cellulose-based polymer made from pulp as a raw material) Is produced by mixing air into an aqueous solution of a foaming material. By injecting this foam material into the face, the fluidity and water-stopping performance of the excavated soil can be improved, and adhesion of soil in the chamber can be prevented, and smooth excavation can be performed while ensuring the stability of the face. .
また、気泡シールド工法では、掘進地盤の性状、すなわち粒径加積曲線から起泡材及び気泡材のタイプが決定される(非特許文献1を参照)。例えば図1に示すように、粘土、シルト、細砂などからなるIゾーンあるいはIIゾーンに対してはAタイプの起泡材及び気泡材(溶液粘度2.7mPa・s)が適合し、細砂、粗砂などからなるII〜IIIゾーンに対してはBタイプの起泡材及び気泡材(溶液粘度300mPa・s)が適合する。なお、Bタイプの気泡材は、Bタイプの起泡材を発泡させたものであり、具体的には、OK−1に増粘剤OK−2を添加して気泡に粘性を与え、気泡強度を増加したものである。 In the bubble shield method, the type of foaming material and foam material is determined from the properties of the excavated ground, that is, the particle size accumulation curve (see Non-Patent Document 1) . For example, as shown in FIG. 1, type A foaming material and foam material (solution viscosity: 2.7 mPa · s) are suitable for zone I or zone II made of clay, silt, fine sand, etc. B type foaming material and foam material (solution viscosity: 300 mPa · s) are suitable for zones II to III made of coarse sand. The B-type foam material is obtained by foaming a B-type foaming material. Specifically, the thickener OK-2 is added to OK-1 to impart viscosity to the bubbles, and the cell strength. Is an increase.
しかしながら、特に透水性の高い砂礫地盤、とりわけIVゾーンに属する透水係数の大きい土質では、Bタイプの気泡材を用いたとしても豊富な地下水の湧出により気泡が消泡しやすい。そのため、切羽の安定保持が困難になったり、スクリューコンベアからの噴発などの不具合が生じ、掘進に支障を来すことがあった。 However, especially in the gravel ground with high water permeability, especially in the soil having a high water permeability coefficient belonging to the IV zone, even if the B type foam material is used, the bubbles are likely to disappear due to the abundance of groundwater. For this reason, it is difficult to stably hold the face, and problems such as eruption from the screw conveyor occur, which may hinder excavation.
そこで、気泡が消泡しにくくなるように、従来のBタイプの粘度以上に起泡材の粘性をあげると、粘性による発泡装置内の圧力増加や、詰まりなどが生ずるため発泡倍率が低下し、Bタイプの気泡材の標準である6倍発泡ができなくなってしまう。それ故、透水性の高い砂礫地盤に対し、Bタイプの気泡材を用いて気泡シールド工法を実施する場合には、従来、他の添加材の併用や、補助工法が必要となっていた。 Therefore, increasing the viscosity of the foaming material over the conventional B type viscosity so that the bubbles are difficult to defoam, the pressure in the foaming device is increased due to the viscosity, clogging, etc., the foaming ratio decreases, It becomes impossible to foam 6 times, which is the standard for B type foam materials . Therefore, in the case of carrying out the bubble shield method using a B-type foam material on gravel ground with high water permeability, conventionally, the use of other additive materials or an auxiliary method has been required.
本発明は、以上の課題を解決するものであり、透水性の高い砂礫地盤においても他の添加材や、補助工法を用いることなく、気泡シールド工法を実施できるようにした気泡シールド工法における気泡の生成方法及び気泡シールド工法に用いられる気泡材を提供するものである。 The present invention solves the above problems, and it is possible to carry out the bubble shield method in the bubble shield method so that the air shield method can be carried out without using other additives and auxiliary methods even in highly permeable gravel ground. The present invention provides a foam material used in a production method and a bubble shield construction method.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明では、Bタイプの起泡材を用いて所定の発泡倍率を確保した上でさらに増粘させることとし、これによりゲル化したBタイプ(以下「ゲル化Bタイプ」という。)の気泡材を得ることができた。
すなわち、本発明の気泡シールド工法における気泡の生成方法は、主剤としての起泡材に、増粘剤として、CMC、グアガム、アルギン酸の中から選ばれた一種ないしはそれらの混合物を添加し、粘度300〜500mPa・sに調整された起泡材溶液を発泡装置によって所定の発泡倍率で発泡させ、その直後に得られた気泡に金属イオンの水溶液を添加混合することを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、請求項1において、前記増粘剤として、グアガムを添加することを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、請求項1または2において、前記金属イオンが、三価金属イオンまたはカルシウムイオンであることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、請求項1から3のいずれかにおいて、前記金属イオンの水溶液に液性調整用助剤を添加したことを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention uses a foaming material of B type and be further thickened while securing a predetermined expansion ratio, thereby gelled B type (hereinafter "gelling B We were able to obtain a cellular material of type ")."
That is, in the method for generating bubbles in the bubble shield method of the present invention, one or a mixture selected from CMC , guar gum and alginic acid is added as a thickener to a foaming material as a main agent, and a viscosity of 300 A foaming material solution adjusted to ˜500 mPa · s is foamed at a predetermined foaming ratio by a foaming apparatus , and an aqueous solution of metal ions is added to and mixed with the bubbles obtained immediately thereafter.
Moreover, this invention is characterized by adding guar gum in
The present invention is also characterized in that, in
In addition, the present invention is characterized in that in any one of
さらに、本発明の気泡シールド工法に用いられる気泡材は、主剤としての起泡材に、増粘剤として、CMC、グアガム、アルギン酸の中から選ばれた一種ないしはそれらの混合物を添加し、粘度300〜500mPa・sに調整された起泡材溶液を発泡装置によって所定の発泡倍率で発泡させ、その直後に得られた気泡に金属イオンの水溶液を添加してなることを特徴とする。 Furthermore, the foam material used in the foam shield method of the present invention is a foam material as a main agent, and one or a mixture selected from CMC , guar gum, and alginic acid is added as a thickener to a viscosity of 300 The foaming material solution adjusted to ˜500 mPa · s is foamed at a predetermined foaming ratio by a foaming apparatus, and an aqueous solution of metal ions is added to the bubbles obtained immediately thereafter.
金属イオン溶液の添加により、発泡装置を通じて吐出された気泡の主成分はゲル化し、所期の発泡倍率に保持されつつ、さらに増粘した状態で掘削機先端より吐出される。使用される金属イオンとしては、三価の金属イオンまたはカルシウムイオンが望ましい。液性調整用助剤の添加により、増粘しやすい液性に保たれる。 By adding the metal ion solution, the main components of the bubbles discharged through the foaming apparatus are gelled and discharged from the excavator tip in a further thickened state while being maintained at the desired expansion ratio. The metal ion used is preferably a trivalent metal ion or calcium ion. By adding a liquid property adjusting aid, the liquid property is easily increased.
図2は本発明方法を適用した気泡シールド工法を示す。図において、1はシールド掘削機、2は掘削機1に後続して構築されたトンネルセグメントである。
FIG. 2 shows a bubble shield method to which the method of the present invention is applied. In the figure, 1 is a shield excavator and 2 is a tunnel segment constructed following the
シールド掘削機1は、筒形のスキンプレート3の前面にカッターディスク4を備え、図示しないジャッキによりセグメント2の前端部に反力を取って前進しつつカッターディスク4を回転することで切羽を掘削し、カッターディスク4の背面にあって隔壁5で仕切られたチャンバー6内に取り込んだ掘削ズリをスクリューコンベア7により搬送し、その後部に配置されたズリ搬送台車に受け渡し、排土するよう構成されている。
The
掘削機1の後部において、セグメント2により囲われたトンネル坑内には、搬送用軌条8が架設され、本実施の形態では、この軌条8上に気泡生成プラントを構成する各種台車が一列に連結されている。各台車は、後部側から順に起泡材貯留台車9、駆動台車10、制御台車11、発泡台車12とからなっており、これに加え、発泡用台車12上には金属イオン貯留槽13が配置されている。
In the rear part of the
貯留台車9は坑内に引き込まれた起泡材配管14から起泡材の供給を受けてここに一時貯留する。駆動台車10は起泡材注入ポンプ15、エアコンプレッサ16を備え、制御台車11はポンプ15及びコンプレッサー16の制御装置17を搭載し、発泡台車12には発泡装置18が備えられ、それぞれが起泡材供給ライン、エアラインを介して接続されている。
The
プラント駆動により、貯留台車9に貯留された起泡材はポンプ15により発泡装置18に送られ、発泡装置18の内部でエアコンプレッサ16により生じた圧力空気を所定の圧力比で混入することで、所定の発泡倍率で発泡し、気泡注入管19を通じてカッターディスク4の前面に吐出される。
By the plant driving, the foaming material stored in the
これに加え、気泡注入管19内には発泡装置18の吐出端近傍において、金属イオン貯留槽13に供給用配管20及びポンプPを通じて接続され、発泡装置18内で発泡した気泡に金属イオン溶液が混入される。この混入比率は、前記制御装置17によりポンプPを駆動制御することで、所定の割合となる。
In addition, the
以上において、使用される起泡材は前述するII〜IIIゾーンに適合するBタイプ起泡材であって、主たる成分は起泡材の主成分である前述のOK−1に加え、増粘剤としてCMC,グアガム、アルギン酸の中から選ばれた一種ないしはそれらの混合物を添加し、粘度300〜500mPa・sに調整された起泡材溶液である。 In the above, the foaming material used is a B-type foaming material suitable for the aforementioned II to III zones, and the main component is the thickener in addition to the above-mentioned OK-1 which is the main component of the foaming material. As a foaming material solution, the viscosity is adjusted to 300 to 500 mPa · s by adding one or a mixture selected from CMC, guar gum and alginic acid.
添加されるC M C、 グアガム、アルギン酸またはこれらの混合物は、三価の金属イオン、あるいはカルシウムイオンの存在下でゲル化し、例えば2 倍〜 4 0 倍に増粘する。 The added C M C , guar gum, alginic acid or a mixture thereof gels in the presence of trivalent metal ions or calcium ions, and thickens, for example, 2 to 40 times.
本発明では、Bタイプの起泡材溶液を発泡装置18によって所定の発泡倍率で発泡させ、その直後に得られた気泡に金属イオンの水溶液を添加混合して増粘させている。このようにして得られたゲル化Bタイプの気泡材は、カッターディスク4の前面に供給される。そのため、本発明によれば、透水性の高い砂礫地盤、すなわちIVゾーンに属する透水係数の大きい土質であっても、他の添加剤や補助工法を併用することなく良好な掘削ができる。また、本発明によれば、チャンバー内土砂の塑性流動性と止水性が向上するため、スクリューコンベア7からの噴発も防止できる。
In the present invention, a B-type foaming material solution is foamed by a
なお、上記の金属イオンとしては、例えば、ミョウバン、硫酸バンドなどのアルミニウム化合物、硫酸鉄、塩化鉄、アルミン酸ソーダ、ホウ砂、ホウ酸などの三価金属イオンの溶液や、塩化カルシウム溶液などが挙げられる。 Examples of the metal ions include aluminum compounds such as alum and sulfate bands, solutions of trivalent metal ions such as iron sulfate, iron chloride, sodium aluminate, borax, and boric acid, and calcium chloride solutions. Can be mentioned.
以上に加え、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、硫酸水溶液などの液性調整用助剤も予め金属イオン溶液内に混合する。これは液性によって増粘度合いが異なり、例えば、グアガムの場合は液性がアルカリ側で増粘度合いが増し、CMCの場合は酸性側で増粘度合いが増すからである。 In addition to the above, liquidity adjusting aids such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and an aqueous sulfuric acid solution are also mixed in advance in the metal ion solution. This is because the degree of thickening differs depending on the liquidity. For example, in the case of guar gum, the degree of thickening increases on the alkali side, and in the case of CMC, the degree of thickening increases on the acidic side.
これらの金属イオンの水溶液は、0.5〜10%水溶液形態で起泡材溶液の原液に対して体積比で5〜10%程度の混合比率で混合することが望ましい。この理由は、混合量が5%を下回った場合には目的とするゲル化による粘性増加が顕著でなく、また10%を上回った場合には凝集作用による離水などの体積収縮がおこるため、健全な気泡ができないと言う不具合が生ずるからである。 These aqueous solutions of metal ions are desirably mixed at a mixing ratio of about 5 to 10% by volume with respect to the stock solution of the foaming material solution in the form of 0.5 to 10% aqueous solution. This is because when the mixing amount is less than 5%, the target viscosity increase due to gelation is not remarkable, and when it exceeds 10%, volume shrinkage such as water separation due to coagulation occurs. This is because a problem arises in that a simple bubble cannot be formed.
なお、掘削する地盤がIVゾーンからIIIゾーンないしはIIゾーンに変化した場合には、ポンプPを停止して、ゲル化作業を停止すればよい。これにより、そのままの粘度及び発泡倍率で気泡材を切羽に供給することが可能となり、増粘に伴うポンプ負荷などを軽減することもできる。また、ポンプPを切り替えるだけで地盤性状にあわせて気泡材のタイプをゲル化BタイプからBタイプへと簡単に変更できるので、掘削作業を中断する必要はない。 When the ground to be excavated changes from the IV zone to the III zone or the II zone, the pump P is stopped and the gelation operation is stopped. Thereby, it becomes possible to supply a foam material to a face with the same viscosity and foaming ratio, and the pump load etc. accompanying a thickening can also be reduced. Further, since the type of the bubble material can be easily changed from the gelled B type to the B type according to the ground properties by simply switching the pump P, it is not necessary to interrupt the excavation work.
<<実施例1>>
本実施例では、洗い砂に、Aタイプ、Bタイプ、ゲル化Bタイプの3種の粘度の異なる気泡材を注入して、以下の表1〜3に示すごとく、スランプ値と注入率を比較した。なお、スランプ値はいずれもC型粘度計で測定した。
In this example, three types of foam materials having different viscosities of A type, B type, and gelled B type were injected into the washing sand, and the slump value and the injection rate were compared as shown in Tables 1 to 3 below. did. All slump values were measured with a C-type viscometer.
各表からは、気泡の粘度の高さとスランプ値の大きさとが比例していることが理解される。これは、粘度増加により気泡強度が増加すると、破泡または消泡されにくくなることを示唆するものである。また、表3に示すゲル化Bタイプの気泡材は、表1に示すAタイプ及び表2に示すBタイプの気泡材と比べると、気泡強度が著しく増加し、破泡または消泡されにくくなっている。従って、本発明のゲル化Bタイプの気泡材によれば、透水性の高い砂礫地盤においても他の添加材や、補助工法を用いることなく、気泡シールド工法を実施することが可能となる。 From each table, it is understood that the height of the bubble viscosity is proportional to the magnitude of the slump value. This suggests that when the bubble strength increases due to an increase in viscosity, it becomes difficult to break or defoam. In addition, the gelled B type cell material shown in Table 3 has a significantly increased cell strength and is less likely to be broken or defoamed compared to the A type material shown in Table 1 and the B type cell material shown in Table 2. ing. Therefore, according to the gelled B type foam material of the present invention, it is possible to carry out the bubble shield construction method without using other additive materials and auxiliary construction methods even on highly permeable sand gravel ground.
<<実施例2>>
増粘剤成分であるグアガムの0.6%液を塩化鉄イオンを用いてゲル化し、液性調整剤としてカセイソーダ溶液を用い、液性による粘度の変化を見たところ、以下の表4に示す結果が得られた。なお、溶液状態の粘度はビスコーステスターにより測定した。
A 0.6% solution of guar gum, which is a thickener component, is gelled using iron chloride ions, a caustic soda solution is used as a liquidity adjusting agent, and a change in viscosity due to liquidity is observed. Results were obtained. The viscosity in the solution state was measured with a viscose tester.
<<実施例3>>
増粘剤成分であるグアガムの0.6%液をアルミン酸ソーダを用いてゲル化し、液性調整剤として希硫酸溶液を用い、液性による粘度の変化を見たところ、以下の表5に示す結果が得られた。なお、溶液状態の粘度はビスコーステスターにより測定した。
A 0.6% solution of guar gum, which is a thickener component, was gelled using sodium aluminate, and a change in viscosity due to liquidity was observed using a dilute sulfuric acid solution as a liquidity adjusting agent. The results shown are obtained. The viscosity in the solution state was measured with a viscose tester.
<<実施例4>>
増粘剤成分であるグアガムの0.6%液をホウ砂を用いてゲル化し、液性による粘度の変化を見たところ、以下の表6に示す結果が得られた。なお、溶液状態の粘度はビスコーステスターにより測定した。
A 0.6% solution of guar gum, which is a thickener component, was gelled using borax and the change in viscosity due to the liquid property was observed. The results shown in Table 6 below were obtained. The viscosity in the solution state was measured with a viscose tester.
本発明は、気泡シールド工法において、透水性の高い砂礫地盤の掘削に好適である。
本発明によれば、発泡装置を通じて吐出された気泡に金属イオンの水溶液を添加することにより、気泡の主成分はゲル化し、所定の発泡倍率に保持されつつ、さらに増粘した状態で掘削機先端より吐出される。吐出されたゲル化Bタイプの気泡材は、従来のBタイプの気泡材と比べて気泡強度が著しく増加しているので、消泡されにくい。従って、本発明によれば、透水性の高い砂礫地盤においても他の添加材や、補助工法を用いることなく、気泡シールド工法を実施することが可能となる。なお、金属イオンの水溶液としては、三価の金属イオンまたはカルシウムイオンを含有する水溶液が望ましい。金属イオンの水溶液に液性調整用助剤を添加しておくことにより、ゲル化気泡の生成をよりいっそう促進させることができる。
The present invention is suitable for excavation of gravel ground with high water permeability in the bubble shield method.
According to the present invention, by adding an aqueous solution of metal ions to the bubbles discharged through the foaming apparatus, the main component of the bubbles is gelled, and the tip of the excavator is further thickened while being maintained at a predetermined foaming ratio. More discharged. The discharged gelled B type bubble material has a significantly increased bubble strength as compared with the conventional B type bubble material, and is therefore difficult to be defoamed. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to carry out the bubble shield construction method without using other additives and auxiliary construction methods even on gravel ground with high water permeability. The aqueous solution of metal ions is preferably an aqueous solution containing trivalent metal ions or calcium ions. By adding a liquidity adjusting aid to the aqueous solution of metal ions, the formation of gelled bubbles can be further promoted.
1 シールド掘削機
2 セグメント
9,10,11,12 気泡製造プラント
(9 起泡材貯留台車、10 駆動台車、11 制御台車、12 発泡台車)
13 金属イオン貯留槽
18 発泡装置
DESCRIPTION OF
13 Metal
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JP2003307983A JP3994076B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Bubble generation method and bubble material used for bubble shield method in bubble shield method |
PCT/JP2004/012883 WO2005021932A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-30 | Method for forming foamed material in foam shield driving method and foamed material for use in foam shield driving method |
CNB2004800247579A CN100549363C (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-30 | Bubble generation method in the bubble shield method and the bubble material that in the bubble shield method, uses |
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WO2017108382A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Mapei S.P.A. | Foaming additive for soil conditioning in the presence of mechanised excavation for tunnel construction |
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JP4759397B2 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2011-08-31 | 株式会社大林組 | Defoaming method and defoaming material for excavated soil in bubble shield method |
CN102635363B (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2015-01-07 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | Shield machine, and additive injection port and additive injection device for shield machine |
JP6155010B2 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2017-06-28 | 株式会社大林組 | Bubble shield method suitable for excavation of gravel ground |
CN103305207A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-09-18 | 上海贵通新材料科技有限公司 | Novel and environmentally-friendly fracturing fluid for exploitation of oil-gas fields |
ITUA20161500A1 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-09 | Lamberti Spa | EXCAVATION METHOD IN UNDERGROUND FORMATIONS |
JP6416426B1 (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-31 | テクニカ合同株式会社 | Method for reforming foam mixed soil |
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JPS6183798A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-04-28 | 株式会社熊谷組 | Shield type tunnel drilling method |
JP2849041B2 (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1999-01-20 | ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー | Detergent composition |
DE19530077A1 (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1997-02-20 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Preparations from non-ionic and ionic hydrocolloids and their use as auxiliary materials for tunnel construction |
DE19717899A1 (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 1998-06-10 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Process for the production and use of gels as additives for mechanical shield driving |
CN1162367C (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-08-18 | 北京城建集团有限责任公司 | Post slip-casting inert slurry for tunnel wall of shield method |
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WO2017108382A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Mapei S.P.A. | Foaming additive for soil conditioning in the presence of mechanised excavation for tunnel construction |
AU2016378758B2 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2021-05-06 | Mapei S.P.A. | Foaming additive for soil conditioning in the presence of mechanised excavation for tunnel construction |
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CN100549363C (en) | 2009-10-14 |
CN1882762A (en) | 2006-12-20 |
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