JP3984158B2 - Water-based lubricant for metal material plastic working and method for treating lubricating film - Google Patents

Water-based lubricant for metal material plastic working and method for treating lubricating film Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3984158B2
JP3984158B2 JP2002517710A JP2002517710A JP3984158B2 JP 3984158 B2 JP3984158 B2 JP 3984158B2 JP 2002517710 A JP2002517710 A JP 2002517710A JP 2002517710 A JP2002517710 A JP 2002517710A JP 3984158 B2 JP3984158 B2 JP 3984158B2
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Prior art keywords
water
lubricant
metal material
wax
film
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JP2002517710A
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Japanese (ja)
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康夫 今井
秀二 永田
昌之 吉田
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Nihon Parkerizing Co Ltd
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Nihon Parkerizing Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
    • B21C9/005—Cold application of the lubricant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
    • B21C9/02—Selection of compositions therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
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    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M125/02—Carbon; Graphite
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    • C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description

【０００１】
技術分野
本発明は、鉄鋼、ステンレス、チタン、アルミニウム等の金属材料の表面に化成処理を施さず優れた潤滑性を付与させるための金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤とその使用方法に関するものである。より詳しく述べるならば、本発明は鍛造、伸線、伸管のような塑性加工を行う際に用いる鉄鋼、ステンレス、チタン、アルミニウム等の金属材料表面に化成処理を施すことなく優れた潤滑性を有する皮膜を簡便に形成させる金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤およびこの潤滑剤により金属表面に潤滑皮膜を形成させる金属材料の潤滑皮膜処理方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
背景技術
一般に鉄鋼、ステンレス等の金属材料を塑性加工する際には、被加工材と工具との金属接触により生ずる焼き付きやかじりを防止する目的で、金属表面に潤滑皮膜を生成させる。金属表面に生成させる潤滑皮膜としては、潤滑剤を金属表面に物理的に付着させるタイプのものと、化学反応により金属表面に化成処理皮膜を生成させた後、潤滑剤を使用するタイプのものがある。金属表面に物理的に付着させる潤滑剤は金属表面に化成処理皮膜を生成させて使用するものに比べ、密着性が劣るため一般に軽加工用として使用される。
【０００３】
化成処理皮膜を使用するタイプのものは金属表面にリン酸塩皮膜や蓚酸塩皮膜をキャリアの役割を有する化成処理皮膜として生成させた後、滑り性のある潤滑剤を使用する。このタイプはキャリア皮膜としての化成処理皮膜と潤滑剤との二層構造を有しており、非常に高い耐焼き付き性を示す。そのため伸線、伸管、鍛造などの塑性加工分野において非常に広い範囲で使用されてきた。特に塑性加工の中でも加工が厳しい分野には、りん酸塩皮膜や蓚酸塩皮膜を下地にし、その上に潤滑剤を使用する方法が多用されている。
【０００４】
化成処理皮膜上に使用される潤滑剤はまた使用方法で大きく二つに分ける事が出来る。一つは、化成処理皮膜に潤滑剤を物理的に付着させるタイプもの、もう一つは、化成処理皮膜に潤滑剤を反応させて付着させるタイプものである。前者の潤滑剤としては、鉱油、植物油及び合成油を基油として、その中に極圧剤を添加したもの、又は黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン等の固体潤滑剤をバインダー成分とともに水に溶かし、付着乾燥して使用するもの等が挙げられる。
【０００５】
これらの潤滑剤はスプレー塗布や浸漬塗布により簡便に処理できるので、液管理も殆ど必要が無いなどの利点があるが、潤滑性が低いため比較的軽い潤滑の場合に使用される事が多い。一方後者は、潤滑剤としてステアリン酸ナトリウムのような反応型石けんによる処理が行われている。特に高い潤滑性が必要な場合は潤滑剤として反応型石けんを使用する。反応型石けんは、化成処理皮膜と反応することで高い潤滑性を持っている。
【０００６】
しかしながら反応型石けんの使用は、化学反応であるため、潤滑剤となる液の管理、化学反応を制御するための温度管理、液の劣化による廃棄更新が必要となる。近年の地球環境保全を目的に、産業廃棄物の低減は大きな課題となっている。このために、廃棄物が生じない潤滑剤や処理方法が望まれているのである。また、従来技術は、工程や処理液の管理が複雑であるために簡便な処理が望まれている。
【０００７】
このような問題点を解決するため、「水溶性高分子またはその水性エマルションを基材とし、固体潤滑剤と化成皮膜形成剤とを配合した潤滑剤組成物（特開昭５２−２０９６７号公報）」等が示されているが、化成皮膜処理に匹敵するようなものは得られていない。
【０００８】
また、これら問題点を解決する手段として、例えば、同一出願人に係わる特開平１０−８０８５号の発明が挙げられる。これは、（Ａ）水溶性無機塩、（Ｂ）固体潤滑剤、（Ｃ）鉱油、動植物油脂および合成油から選ばれる少なくとも１種の油成分、（Ｄ）界面活性剤および（Ｅ）水からなる、固体潤滑剤および油が均一にそれぞれ分散および乳化した、金属の冷間塑性加工用水系潤滑剤に関するものである。しかし、この発明による潤滑剤は油成分を乳化しているために工業的に使用するには不安定であり、高い潤滑性を安定的に発揮するには至っていない。
【０００９】
また、これら問題点を解決する手段として、例えば、同一出願人に係わる特開２０００−６３８８０号の発明が挙げられる。これは、（Ａ）合成樹脂、（Ｂ）水溶性無機塩および水を含有し、この固形分重量比（Ｂ）／（Ａ）が０．２５／１〜９／１であって、合成樹脂が溶解または分散している、金属材料の塑性加工用潤滑剤組成物に関するものである。しかし、この発明による潤滑剤は合成樹脂を主成分としており、厳しい加工条件では十分な潤滑性を安定的に発揮するには至っていない。
【００１０】
したがって、本発明は上記従来技術の抱える問題を解決するためのものであり、地球環境保全を考慮し、各種金属材料に使用でき、且つ、簡便な処理が可能な金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤および潤滑皮膜処理方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【発明の開示】
【００１１】
本発明者らは上記課題を解決するため鋭意研究を行った結果、水溶性無機塩と、二硫化モリブデンおよびグラファイトから選ばれる滑剤と、ワックスとを含有する水溶液でそれぞれを特定の比率で配合することにより優れた潤滑性能が発揮されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。また省エネルギー、省スペースにて金属材料表面に特定の付着量を有する優れた潤滑皮膜を形成させる処理方法を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【００１２】
すなわち、本発明の金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤は、化成処理を施していない金属材料に用いる塑性加工用水系潤滑剤であって、（Ａ）硫酸塩、ケイ酸塩、ホウ酸塩、モリブデン酸塩およびタングステン酸塩よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の水溶性無機塩と、（Ｂ）二硫化モリブデンおよびグラファイトから選ばれる１種以上の滑剤と、（Ｃ）ワックスを、必要な場合は界面活性剤を加えて水に溶解または分散させた組成物で、特開２０００−６３８８０号公報に記載された「合成樹脂」を含有せず、固形分濃度（重量比）（Ｂ）／（Ａ）が１．０〜５．０、（Ｃ）／（Ａ）が．０．１〜１．０の範囲内にあることを特徴とするものである。
【００１３】
また前記水溶性無機塩が硫酸塩、ケイ酸塩、ホウ酸塩、モリブデン酸塩およびタングステン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種であることが好ましい発明である。また、前記ワックスが、水に分散した融点７０〜１５０℃の天然ワックス、または合成ワックスであることが好ましい発明である。
【００１４】
また、本発明の金属材料の潤滑皮膜処理方法は、清浄化した、化成処理を施していない金属材料を前記潤滑剤と接触させ、次いで乾燥させることにより、前記金属材料表面に付着重量として０．５〜４０ｇ／ｍ２の潤滑皮膜を形成させることを特徴とする金属材料の潤滑皮膜処理方法、すなわち金属材料に潤滑皮膜を形成させる方法である。なお、金属材料の清浄化がショットブラスト、サンドブラスト、アルカリ脱脂、および酸洗浄よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることが好ましく、前記金属材料を６０〜１００℃に加温してから、潤滑剤と接触させることが好ましい。
【００１５】
【発明を実施するための最良の形態】
以下、本発明の内容をより詳細に説明する。本発明の金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤に使用される（Ａ）水溶性無機塩は潤滑皮膜に硬さと強度を付与するためのものである。そのため選ばれる水溶性無機塩は溶液中で均一に溶解し、乾燥時に強固な皮膜を形成する性質を持つことが必要である。
【００１６】
そのような性質の水溶性無機塩として、硫酸塩、ケイ酸塩、ホウ酸塩、モリブデン酸塩、タングステン酸塩よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種を使用することが好ましい。一例として硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸カリウム、ケイ酸カリウム、ホウ酸ナトリウム（四ホウ酸ナトリウム）、ホウ酸カリウム（四ホウ酸カリウム等）、ホウ酸アンモニウム（四ホウ酸アンモニウム等）、モリブデン酸アンモニウム、モリブデン酸ナトリウム、タングステン酸ナトリウムなどが挙げられる。これらは単独で用いても良いし、２種以上組み合わせても良い。
【００１７】
本発明で使用する（Ｂ）の二硫化モリブデンおよびグラファイトから選ばれる１種以上の滑剤は潤滑性を付与させるためのものである。本発明で使用する滑剤は本発明の金属材料用塑性加工用水系潤滑剤に分散した形で存在しており、必要に応じ公知の界面活性剤を用いることができる。
【００１８】
（Ａ）水溶性無機塩と（Ｂ）滑剤の配合比率については、（Ｂ）／（Ａ）（固形分重量比）として１．０〜５．０にするのが好ましい。より好ましくは、２．０〜４．０の範囲である。この比が１．０未満では潤滑性能が低く好ましくない。この比が５．０を超えると潤滑剤の液安定性が低下するために好ましくない。
【００１９】
次に、（Ｃ）ワックスとしては、構造や種類を特定するものではないが天然ワックスまたは合成ワックスを使用するのが好ましい。ワックス成分は塑性加工時に発生する熱により融解し皮膜の滑り性を良くするために添加する。そのため加工初期に効果を発揮するように、融点が７０〜１５０℃で、更に水溶液中で安定でかつ皮膜強度を落とさないものが望ましい。例えば、パラフィンワックス、マイクロクリスタリンワックス、ペトロラタムワックス、フィッシャー・トロプシュワックス、ポリエチレンワックス、ポリプロピレンワックス、カルナウバワックス、モンタンワックス等を挙げることが出来る。
【００２０】
これらは水ディスパージョンや水エマルジョンの形態で他成分と混合して本塑性加工用水系潤滑剤に含有させるのが良い。 ワックスの配合量は（Ａ）水溶性無機塩と（Ｃ）ワックスとの固形分重量比（Ｃ）／（Ａ）として０．１〜１．０とするのが好ましい。より好ましくは、０．２〜０．８の範囲である。この比が０．１未満では皮膜の滑り性が不十分になる恐れがあり、１．０を超えると皮膜の密着性が不十分になる恐れがある。
【００２１】
本発明の金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤は、特開２０００−６３８８０号公報に記載されたポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、アクリル系樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン樹脂およびフェノール系樹脂で例示される「合成樹脂」を含有しない。
【００２２】
なお、前述の滑剤、ワックスを分散させるために界面活性剤が必要な場合には、非イオン性界面活性剤、陰イオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、陽イオン性界面活性剤のいずれも用いることができる。
【００２３】
非イオン性界面活性剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えばポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシアルキレン（エチレンおよび／またはプロピレン）アルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコール（もしくはエチレンオキシド）と高級脂肪酸（例えば炭素数１２〜１８）とから構成されるポリオキシエチレンアルキルエステル、ソルビタンとポリエチレングリコールと高級脂肪酸（例えば炭素数１２〜１８）とから構成されるポリオキシエチレンソルビタンアルキルエステル等が挙げられる。
【００２４】
陰イオン性界面活性剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えば脂肪酸塩、硫酸エステル塩、スルホン酸塩、リン酸エステル塩、ジチオリン酸エステル塩等が挙げられる。両性界面活性剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えばアミノ酸型およびベタイン型のカルボン酸塩、硫酸エステル塩、スルホン酸塩、リン酸エステル塩等が挙げられる。陽イオン性界面活性剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えば脂肪酸アミン塩、第四級アンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。これらの界面活性剤は各々単独でまたは２種以上組み合わせて使用することが出来る。
【００２５】
本発明の塑性加工用水系潤滑剤は、鉄もしくは鋼、ステンレス、銅もしくは銅合金、アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金、チタンもしくはチタン合金等の金属材料に既知の方法でリン酸塩皮膜（リン酸亜鉛、リン酸マンガン、リン酸鉄、リン酸スズ等）、シュウ酸塩皮膜（シュウ酸鉄等）、クリオライト、アルミン酸カルシウム、を被覆させた後冷間塑性加工（伸線、伸管、鍛造等）する際に使用する潤滑剤としても用いることができる。
【００２６】
金属材料の形状としては、棒材やブロック材等の素材だけでなく、熱間鍛造後の形状物（ギヤやシャフト等）の加工も考えられるので、特に限定されない。
【００２７】
本発明の金属材料の潤滑皮膜処理方法は、清浄化した金属材料を前記潤滑剤に接触させ、次いで乾燥させることにより、前記金属材料表面に付着重量として０．５〜４０g/m２の潤滑皮膜を形成させることを特徴とする未反応型のものである。
【００２８】
金属表面に形成させる潤滑皮膜の付着量は、その後の加工の程度により適宜コントロールされるが、０．５〜４０g/m２の範囲が好ましい。より好ましくは、２〜２０g/m２の範囲である。この付着量が０．５g/m２未満の場合は潤滑性が不充分となる。また、付着量が４０g/m２を超えると潤滑性は問題ないが、金型へのカス詰まり等が生じ好ましくない。なお、付着量は処理前後の金属材料の重量差および表面積より計算することができる。
【００２９】
前述の付着量範囲になるようにコントロールするためには水系潤滑剤の固形分重量（濃度）を適宜調節する。実際には、高濃度の潤滑剤を希釈し、その希釈液にて使用する場合が多い。希釈調整する水は、特に限定されないが、脱イオン水、蒸留水が好ましい。
【００３０】
金属材料の潤滑皮膜処理に際して、金属材料の清浄化がショットブラスト、サンドブラスト、アルカリ脱脂および酸洗浄から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも１種であることが好ましい。ここでの清浄化とは、焼鈍等により成長した酸化スケールや各種の汚れ（油など）を除去することを目的とするものである。
【００３１】
特に、近年、環境上問題より廃水処理負荷の低減が望まれている。この場合には、金属材料表面をショットブラストにより清浄にし、次いで、本発明の潤滑剤および記載された処理方法を用いれば廃水ゼロを達成できる。
【００３２】
本発明の水系潤滑剤を金属材料と接触させる方法は特に限定されるものではないが、浸漬法、フローコート法、スプレ−法などを用いることができる。塗布は表面が充分に塑性加工用水系潤滑剤に覆われれば良く、塗布する時間に特に制限は無い。塗布後塑性加工用水系潤滑剤は乾燥する必要がある。乾燥は常温放置でもかまわないが、通常６０〜１５０℃で１０〜６０分行うのが好適である。
【００３３】
この際に乾燥性を高めるために金属材料を６０〜１００℃に加温し水系潤滑剤と接触させても良い。また、５０〜９０℃に加温した水系潤滑剤を接触させても良い。これらにより、乾燥性が大幅に向上し、乾燥が常温で可能になる場合もあり、熱エネルギーのロスを少なくすることもできるのである。
【００３４】
【実施例】
本発明の実施例を比較例と共に挙げ、その効果をより具体的に説明する。
（後方せん孔試験用の供試材）
実施例及び比較例の後方せん孔試験に供した供試材は市販のＳ４５Ｃ球状化焼鈍材で、試験片の形状は図１（Ａ）に示した直径３０ｍｍφで高さが１８〜４０ｍｍまで２ｍｍ単位で変えたものである。
（スパイク試験用の供試材）
試験に供した材料は市販のＳ４５Ｃ球状化焼鈍材で、試験片の形状は直径２５ｍｍφで高さが３０ｍｍである。
【００３５】
（処理工程）
・工程Ａ
1.脱脂：市販の脱脂剤（登録商標 ファインクリーナー４３６０，日本パーカライジング(株)製）濃度２０ｇ／Ｌ、温度６０℃、浸漬１０分
2.水洗：水道水、６０℃、浸漬３０秒
3.表面処理：潤滑剤との接触、６０℃、浸漬１０秒
4.乾燥：８０℃、３分
【００３６】
・工程Ｂ
1.ショットブラスト：ショット球φ０．５mm、５分
2.水洗：水道水、９０℃、浸漬９０秒
3.表面処理：潤滑剤との接触、７０℃、浸漬５秒
4.乾燥：常温（送風）、３分
【００３７】
（試験方法）
・後方せん孔試験……図１を参照
図１（Ａ）の一組の円筒型試験材を、順次、図１（Ｂ）の２００トンクランクプレスのダイとパンチによって成形加工し、図１（Ｃ）のカップ状成型品を作成する。成形においては、１０mmを残し、減面率５０％の加工である。内面にキズが入っていない試験片のカップ内高さを良好穿孔深さ（mm）とする。
後方せん孔試験に供した材料は市販のＳ４５Ｃ球状化焼鈍材で、試験片の形状は直径３０ｍｍφで、高さが１８〜４０ｍｍまで２ｍｍ単位で変えたものである。なお、ダイはＳＫＤ１１、パンチはＨＡＰ４０、ランド径２１．２１mmφでｍ加工速度は３０ストローク／分である。
【００３８】
・スパイク試験……図２を参照
スパイク試験は、特開平５−７９６９号に準じた。ロート状の内面形状を有するダイ（１）に図２（Ａ）のごとく円柱状の供試片（２）を乗せて、この後、荷重をかけて供試片をダイ内に押し込んで図２（Ｂ）のごとくに成形する。これによりダイ形状に従うスパイクを形成し、この際のスパイク高さ（mm）で潤滑性を評価した。したがって、高さが高い方が潤滑性に優れるとの評価である。なお、試験に供した材料は市販のＳ４５Ｃ球状化焼鈍材で、試験片の形状は直径２５ｍｍφで高さが３０ｍｍである。
【００３９】
（実施例１）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤１（分散のためにノニオン系界面活性剤１重量％添加）を用い工程Ａにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤１
水溶性無機塩：四硼酸ナトリウム
滑剤：二硫化モリブデン
ワックス：ポリエチレンワックス
固形分比（Ｂ／Ａ）：３．０
固形分比（Ｃ／Ａ）：０．４
皮膜重量，g/m２：１５
【００４０】
（実施例２）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤２（分散のためにノニオン系界面活性剤１重量％添加）を用い工程Ｂにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤２
水溶性無機塩：四硼酸ナトリウム
滑剤：グラファイト
ワックス：ポリエチレンワックス
固形分比（Ｂ／Ａ）：２．０
固形分比（Ｃ／Ａ）：０．８
皮膜重量，g/m２：１５
【００４１】
（実施例３）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤３（分散のためにノニオン系界面活性剤１重量％添加）を用い工程Ａにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤３
水溶性無機塩：ケイ酸ナトリウム
滑剤：グラファイト
ワックス：ポリエチレンワックス
固形分比（Ｂ／Ａ）：１．０
固形分比（Ｃ／Ａ）：１．０
皮膜重量，g/m２：１５
【００４２】
（実施例４）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤４（分散のためにノニオン系界面活性剤１重量％添加）を用い工程Ａにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤４
水溶性無機塩：タングステン酸ナトリウム
滑剤：二硫化モリブデン
ワックス：パラフィンワックス
固形分比（Ｂ／Ａ）：４．０
固形分比（Ｃ／Ａ）：０．１
皮膜重量，g/m２：１５
【００４３】
（実施例５）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤５（分散のためにノニオン系界面活性剤１重量％添加）を用い工程Ｂにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤５
水溶性無機塩：硫酸カリウム
滑剤：二硫化モリブデン
ワックス：パラフィンワックス
固形分比（Ｂ／Ａ）：３．０
固形分比（Ｃ／Ａ）：０．５
皮膜重量，g/m２：１５
【００４４】
（比較例１）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤６（分散のためにノニオン系界面活性剤１重量％添加）を用い工程Ａにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤６
水溶性無機塩：硫酸カリウム
ワックス：パラフィンワックス
固形分比（Ｃ／Ａ）：０．１
皮膜重量，g/m２：１０
【００４５】
（比較例２）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤７（分散のためにノニオン系界面活性剤１重量％添加）を用い工程Ｂにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤７
水溶性無機塩：硫酸カリウム
滑剤：二硫化モリブデン
固形分比（Ｂ／Ａ）：０．５
皮膜重量，g/m２：１５
【００４６】
（比較例３）
以下の工程Ｃにて処理を行った。
処理工程
工程Ｃ
1.脱脂：市販の脱脂剤（登録商標 ファインクリーナー４３６０，日本パーカライジン グ(株)製）濃度２０ｇ／Ｌ、温度６０℃、浸漬１０分
2.水洗：水道水、室温、浸漬３０秒
3.化成処理：市販のりん酸亜鉛化成処理剤（登録商標 パルボンド１８１Ｘ日本パーカ ライジング(株)製）濃度９０ｇ／Ｌ，温度８０℃、浸漬１０分
4.水洗：水道水、室温、浸漬３０秒
5.石鹸処理：市販の反応石鹸潤滑剤（登録商標 パルーブ２３５ 日本パーカライジン グ(株)製）濃度７０ｇ／Ｌ、８０℃、浸漬５分
6.乾燥：８０℃、３分
【００４７】
（比較例４）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤８を用い、工程Ａにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤８
水溶性無機塩：硼砂；１０％
固体潤滑剤：ステアリン酸カルシウム；１０％
油成分：パーム油；０．５％
界面活性剤；ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアルコール；１％
残分：水
皮膜重量，g/m２：１０
【００４８】
（比較例５）
以下に示す水系潤滑剤９（分散のためにノニオン系界面活性剤１重量％添加）を用い、工程Ａにて処理した。
水系潤滑剤８
水溶性無機塩：四ほう酸ソーダ
合成樹脂：ウレタン樹脂
脂肪酸の金属塩：ステアリン酸カルシウム
固形分比（水溶性無機塩／合成樹脂）＝２／１
固形分比（ステアリン酸カルシウム／合成樹脂）＝３／１
皮膜重量，g/m２：１０
【００４９】
以上の試験の結果を表１に示す。表１から明らかなように、本発明の金属材料用塑性加工用水系潤滑剤を用いた実施例１〜５は簡便な工程により優れた潤滑性を発揮することが分かる。成分（Ｂ）の滑剤を含まない比較例１，成分（Ｃ）のワックスを含まない比較例２とも潤滑性が劣っている。また、比較例３のリン酸塩皮膜に反応石けん処理を行ったものは、本発明と同等の潤滑性を示すが、廃水処理や液管理が必要で簡便な設備では使用できず、反応に伴う廃棄物を生じるために、環境負荷が大きい。また、特開平１０−８０８５号の発明である比較例４および特開２０００−６３８８０号の発明である合成樹脂を主成分とする比較例５では、スパイク試験にて潤滑性が劣っていることがわかる。
【００５０】
【表１】

Figure 0003984158
【００５１】
【産業上の利用可能性】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明の金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤および金属材料の潤滑皮膜処理方法を用いると簡便な処理で高い潤滑性を有する皮膜を生成する事が出来る。また廃棄物も少なく、作業環境も良好であるので、産業上の利用価値も極めて大きい。
【００５２】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】は後方せん孔試験の説明図。
【図２】はスパイク試験の説明図[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a water-based lubricant for metal material plastic working for imparting excellent lubricity to a surface of a metal material such as steel, stainless steel, titanium, and aluminum without applying chemical conversion treatment, and a method of using the same. . More specifically, the present invention provides excellent lubricity without performing chemical conversion treatment on the surface of metal materials such as steel, stainless steel, titanium, and aluminum used in plastic processing such as forging, wire drawing, and pipe drawing. The present invention relates to an aqueous lubricant for plastic working of a metal material that can easily form a film having the same, and a method for treating a lubricating film of a metal material that forms a lubricating film on a metal surface with this lubricant.
[0002]
BACKGROUND ART In general, when a metal material such as steel or stainless steel is plastically processed, a lubricating film is formed on the metal surface for the purpose of preventing seizure or galling caused by metal contact between a workpiece and a tool. There are two types of lubricant film that are formed on the metal surface: one that physically attaches a lubricant to the metal surface, and one that uses a lubricant after a chemical reaction film is formed on the metal surface by a chemical reaction. is there. A lubricant that physically adheres to a metal surface is generally used for light processing because it has poor adhesion compared to that used by forming a chemical conversion coating on the metal surface.
[0003]
In the type using a chemical conversion treatment film, a slipping lubricant is used after forming a phosphate film or a oxalate film on the metal surface as a chemical conversion treatment film having the role of a carrier. This type has a two-layer structure of a chemical conversion film as a carrier film and a lubricant, and exhibits very high seizure resistance. Therefore, it has been used in a very wide range in the field of plastic working such as wire drawing, pipe drawing and forging. In particular, in a field where processing is severe among plastic processing, a method of using a phosphate film or oxalate film as a base and using a lubricant thereon is frequently used.
[0004]
The lubricant used on the chemical conversion coating can be roughly divided into two types according to the method of use. One is a type in which the lubricant is physically attached to the chemical conversion treatment film, and the other is a type in which the lubricant is reacted to adhere to the chemical conversion treatment film. As the former lubricant, mineral oil, vegetable oil and synthetic oil are used as base oils, and an extreme pressure agent is added to them, or solid lubricant such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide is dissolved in water together with a binder component and adhered and dried. And the like to be used.
[0005]
Since these lubricants can be easily processed by spray coating or dip coating, there is an advantage that there is almost no need for liquid management. However, since the lubricity is low, they are often used for relatively light lubrication. On the other hand, the latter is treated with a reactive soap such as sodium stearate as a lubricant. In particular, when high lubricity is required, reactive soap is used as a lubricant. Reactive soap has high lubricity by reacting with the chemical conversion coating.
[0006]
However, since the use of reactive soap is a chemical reaction, management of the liquid that is a lubricant, temperature management for controlling the chemical reaction, and renewal of disposal due to deterioration of the liquid are required. In recent years, reduction of industrial waste has become a major issue for the purpose of global environmental conservation. For this reason, lubricants and processing methods that do not generate waste are desired. In addition, since the conventional technology involves complicated management of processes and processing solutions, simple processing is desired.
[0007]
In order to solve such problems, “a lubricant composition comprising a water-soluble polymer or an aqueous emulsion thereof as a base material and a solid lubricant and a chemical film-forming agent blended (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-20967) However, a product comparable to the chemical conversion film treatment has not been obtained.
[0008]
Further, as means for solving these problems, for example, the invention of JP-A-10-8085 related to the same applicant can be cited. This is from (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt, (B) a solid lubricant, (C) at least one oil component selected from mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils and synthetic oils, (D) a surfactant and (E) water. The present invention relates to an aqueous lubricant for cold plastic working of metal in which a solid lubricant and oil are uniformly dispersed and emulsified, respectively. However, since the lubricant according to the present invention emulsifies the oil component, it is unstable for industrial use and has not yet exhibited high lubricity stably.
[0009]
Further, as means for solving these problems, for example, the invention of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-63880 relating to the same applicant can be cited. This contains (A) a synthetic resin, (B) a water-soluble inorganic salt and water, and this solid content weight ratio (B) / (A) is 0.25 / 1 to 9/1, The present invention relates to a lubricant composition for plastic working of a metal material in which is dissolved or dispersed. However, the lubricant according to the present invention has a synthetic resin as a main component, and has not yet stably exerted sufficient lubricity under severe processing conditions.
[0010]
Accordingly, the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can be used for various metal materials in consideration of global environmental conservation, and can be used for various metal materials and can be easily processed. It is another object of the present invention to provide a lubricating film processing method.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0011]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors blended water-soluble inorganic salt, a lubricant selected from molybdenum disulfide and graphite, and an aqueous solution containing wax in a specific ratio. As a result, the present inventors have found that excellent lubricating performance is exhibited, and have completed the present invention. Further, the present inventors have completed the present invention by finding a processing method for forming an excellent lubricating film having a specific adhesion amount on the metal material surface with energy saving and space saving.
[0012]
That is, the water-based lubricant for plastic working of a metal material of the present invention is a water-based lubricant for plastic working used for a metal material that has not been subjected to chemical conversion treatment, and (A) a sulfate, silicate, borate, molybdenum At least one water-soluble inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of acid salts and tungstates , (B) one or more lubricants selected from molybdenum disulfide and graphite, and (C) a wax, if necessary, an interface A composition in which an activator is added and dissolved or dispersed in water, does not contain the “synthetic resin” described in JP-A No. 2000-63880, and has a solid content concentration (weight ratio) (B) / (A) 1.0 to 5.0, (C) / (A) is. It exists in the range of 0.1-1.0.
[0013]
Moreover, it is preferable that the water-soluble inorganic salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfate, silicate, borate, molybdate and tungstate. In addition, it is preferable that the wax is a natural wax or a synthetic wax having a melting point of 70 to 150 ° C. dispersed in water.
[0014]
In the method for treating a lubricating film of a metal material according to the present invention, a cleaned metal material that has not been subjected to chemical conversion treatment is brought into contact with the lubricant and then dried, so that the weight of the metal material adhered to the surface of the metal material is 0. A method for forming a lubricating film on a metal material, that is, a method for forming a lubricating film on a metal material, wherein a lubricating film of 5 to 40 g / m 2 is formed . The metal material is preferably cleaned by at least one selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkaline degreasing, and acid cleaning. The metal material is heated to 60 to 100 ° C. and then lubricated. It is preferable to contact with an agent.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in more detail. The (A) water-soluble inorganic salt used in the water-based lubricant for plastic working of a metal material of the present invention is for imparting hardness and strength to a lubricating film. For this reason, the water-soluble inorganic salt selected should be dissolved uniformly in the solution and have a property of forming a strong film when dried.
[0016]
It is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfates, silicates, borates, molybdates, and tungstates as water-soluble inorganic salts having such properties. Examples include sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium silicate, sodium borate (sodium tetraborate), potassium borate (such as potassium tetraborate), ammonium borate (such as ammonium tetraborate), ammonium molybdate, molybdic acid Examples thereof include sodium and sodium tungstate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0017]
One or more lubricants selected from (B) molybdenum disulfide and graphite used in the present invention are for imparting lubricity. The lubricant used in the present invention exists in a form dispersed in the plastic lubricant for plastic working of the metal material of the present invention, and a known surfactant can be used if necessary.
[0018]
The blending ratio of (A) water-soluble inorganic salt and (B) lubricant is preferably 1.0 to 5.0 as (B) / (A) (solid content weight ratio). More preferably, it is the range of 2.0-4.0. If this ratio is less than 1.0, the lubricating performance is low, which is not preferable. If this ratio exceeds 5.0, the liquid stability of the lubricant is lowered, which is not preferable.
[0019]
Next, as the wax (C), a natural wax or a synthetic wax is preferably used although the structure and type are not specified. The wax component is added to improve the slipping property of the film by melting due to heat generated during plastic processing. Therefore, it is desirable that the melting point is 70 to 150 ° C., and that it is more stable in an aqueous solution and does not lower the film strength so as to exert an effect at the initial stage of processing. Examples thereof include paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, petrolatum wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, carnauba wax, and montan wax.
[0020]
These may be mixed with other components in the form of water dispersion or water emulsion and contained in the water-based lubricant for plastic working. The blending amount of the wax is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 as the weight ratio (C) / (A) of the solid content of the (A) water-soluble inorganic salt and the (C) wax. More preferably, it is the range of 0.2-0.8. If this ratio is less than 0.1, the slipping property of the film may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 1.0, the film adhesion may be insufficient.
[0021]
The water-based lubricant for plastic working of a metal material of the present invention is exemplified by polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin and phenol resin described in JP-A-2000-63880. Does not contain "synthetic resin" .
[0022]
In addition, when a surfactant is necessary to disperse the above-mentioned lubricant and wax, any of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a cationic surfactant Can be used.
[0023]
The nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited. For example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene (ethylene and / or propylene) alkylphenyl ether, polyethylene glycol (or ethylene oxide) and higher fatty acid (for example, having 12 to 12 carbon atoms). 18), and polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters composed of sorbitan, polyethylene glycol and higher fatty acids (for example, having 12 to 18 carbon atoms).
[0024]
Although it does not specifically limit as an anionic surfactant, For example, a fatty acid salt, a sulfate ester salt, a sulfonate salt, phosphate ester salt, dithiophosphate ester salt etc. are mentioned. The amphoteric surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include amino acid type and betaine type carboxylate, sulfate ester salt, sulfonate salt, and phosphate ester salt. The cationic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fatty acid amine salts and quaternary ammonium salts. These surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0025]
The water-based lubricant for plastic working of the present invention is a phosphate film (zinc phosphate, phosphorous) by a known method on metal materials such as iron or steel, stainless steel, copper or copper alloy, aluminum or aluminum alloy, titanium or titanium alloy. Cold plastic processing (drawing, drawing, forging, etc.) after coating with manganese oxide, iron phosphate, tin phosphate, etc., oxalate film (iron oxalate, etc.), cryolite, calcium aluminate It can also be used as a lubricant for use.
[0026]
The shape of the metal material is not particularly limited because it is possible to process not only raw materials such as rods and block materials but also shapes (such as gears and shafts) after hot forging.
[0027]
According to the method for treating a lubricating film of a metal material of the present invention, the cleaned metal material is brought into contact with the lubricant and then dried, whereby a lubricant film having an adhesion weight of 0.5 to 40 g / m 2 on the surface of the metal material. It is an unreacted type characterized by forming.
[0028]
Although the adhesion amount of the lubricating film formed on the metal surface is appropriately controlled depending on the degree of subsequent processing, a range of 0.5 to 40 g / m 2 is preferable. More preferably in the range of 2 to 20 g / m 2. When the adhesion amount is less than 0.5 g / m 2 , the lubricity is insufficient. On the other hand, if the adhesion amount exceeds 40 g / m 2 , there is no problem in lubricity, but clogging of the mold and the like are not preferable. The amount of adhesion can be calculated from the weight difference and surface area of the metal material before and after the treatment.
[0029]
In order to control to be within the above-mentioned adhesion amount range, the solid content weight (concentration) of the water-based lubricant is appropriately adjusted. In practice, a high concentration lubricant is often diluted and used in the diluted solution. The water to be diluted is not particularly limited, but deionized water and distilled water are preferable.
[0030]
In the lubricating film treatment of the metal material, the metal material is preferably cleaned by at least one selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing, and acid cleaning. The purpose of cleaning here is to remove oxide scales and various types of dirt (oil, etc.) grown by annealing or the like.
[0031]
Particularly, in recent years, reduction of wastewater treatment load is desired due to environmental problems. In this case, zero metal waste can be achieved by cleaning the surface of the metal material by shot blasting and then using the lubricant of the present invention and the processing method described.
[0032]
The method for bringing the water-based lubricant of the present invention into contact with the metal material is not particularly limited, but an immersion method, a flow coating method, a spray method, or the like can be used. There is no particular limitation on the application time as long as the surface is sufficiently covered with a plastic working water-based lubricant. The water-based lubricant for plastic working after application needs to be dried. Drying may be performed at room temperature, but it is usually preferable to perform the drying at 60 to 150 ° C. for 10 to 60 minutes.
[0033]
At this time, in order to increase the drying property, the metal material may be heated to 60 to 100 ° C. and brought into contact with the aqueous lubricant. Moreover, you may make the water-type lubricant heated at 50-90 degreeC contact. By these, drying property improves significantly, drying may be attained at normal temperature, and the loss of heat energy can also be reduced.
[0034]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be given together with comparative examples, and the effects will be described more specifically.
(Specimen for back drilling test)
The sample material used for the backward drilling test in Examples and Comparative Examples is a commercially available S45C spheroidized annealed material, and the shape of the test piece is 30 mm in diameter as shown in FIG. It was changed in
(Specimen for spike test)
The material used for the test is a commercially available S45C spheroidizing material, and the shape of the test piece is 25 mm in diameter and 30 mm in height.
[0035]
(Processing process)
・ Process A
1. Degreasing: Commercially available degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.), concentration 20 g / L, temperature 60 ° C., immersion 10 minutes
2.Washing: tap water, 60 ° C, immersion for 30 seconds
3. Surface treatment: contact with lubricant, 60 ° C, immersion for 10 seconds
4. Drying: 80 ° C, 3 minutes [0036]
・ Process B
1. Shot blast: Shot ball φ0.5mm, 5 minutes
2.Washing: tap water, 90 ° C, immersion for 90 seconds
3. Surface treatment: contact with lubricant, 70 ° C, immersion for 5 seconds
4. Drying: normal temperature (air blowing), 3 minutes [0037]
(Test method)
・ Rear perforation test: See FIG. 1 A set of cylindrical test materials in FIG. 1 (A) is sequentially formed by a die and punch of a 200-ton crank press in FIG. 1 (B). ) Cup-shaped molded product. In the molding, 10 mm is left and the reduction of area is 50%. The inside height of the test piece with no scratch on the inner surface is defined as a good drilling depth (mm).
The material used for the rear perforation test is a commercially available S45C spheroidized annealing material, the shape of the test piece is 30 mm in diameter, and the height is changed in units of 2 mm from 18 to 40 mm. The die is SKD11, the punch is HAP40, the land diameter is 21.21 mmφ, and the machining speed is 30 strokes / minute.
[0038]
Spike test: see FIG. 2 The spike test was in accordance with Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-7969. As shown in FIG. 2A, a cylindrical specimen (2) is placed on a die (1) having a funnel-shaped inner surface, and after that, the specimen is applied into the die under a load. Molded as in (B). Thus, spikes according to the die shape were formed, and the lubricity was evaluated by the spike height (mm) at this time. Therefore, the higher the height, the better the lubricity. In addition, the material used for the test is a commercially available S45C spheroidizing material, and the shape of the test piece is 25 mm in diameter and 30 mm in height.
[0039]
Example 1
The following aqueous lubricant 1 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion) was used in step A.
Water based lubricant 1
Water-soluble inorganic salt: Sodium tetraborate Lubricant: Molybdenum disulfide Wax: Polyethylene wax Solid content ratio (B / A): 3.0
Solid content ratio (C / A): 0.4
Film weight, g / m 2 : 15
[0040]
(Example 2)
The following aqueous lubricant 2 (added 1% by weight of nonionic surfactant for dispersion) was treated in Step B.
Water based lubricant 2
Water-soluble inorganic salt: Sodium tetraborate Lubricant: Graphite Wax: Polyethylene wax Solid content ratio (B / A): 2.0
Solid content ratio (C / A): 0.8
Film weight, g / m 2 : 15
[0041]
(Example 3)
The treatment was performed in Step A using the following aqueous lubricant 3 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
Water based lubricant 3
Water-soluble inorganic salt: Sodium silicate Lubricant: Graphite Wax: Polyethylene wax Solid content ratio (B / A): 1.0
Solid content ratio (C / A): 1.0
Film weight, g / m 2 : 15
[0042]
(Example 4)
It processed in the process A using the aqueous lubricant 4 shown below (1 weight% nonionic surfactant addition for dispersion | distribution).
Water based lubricant 4
Water-soluble inorganic salt: Sodium tungstate Lubricant: Molybdenum disulfide Wax: Paraffin wax Solid content ratio (B / A): 4.0
Solid content ratio (C / A): 0.1
Film weight, g / m 2 : 15
[0043]
(Example 5)
The treatment was performed in Step B using the following aqueous lubricant 5 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
Water based lubricant 5
Water-soluble inorganic salt: Potassium sulfate Lubricant: Molybdenum disulfide Wax: Paraffin wax Solid content ratio (B / A): 3.0
Solid content ratio (C / A): 0.5
Film weight, g / m 2 : 15
[0044]
(Comparative Example 1)
The treatment was performed in Step A using the following aqueous lubricant 6 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
Aqueous lubricant 6
Water-soluble inorganic salt: Potassium sulfate Wax: Paraffin wax Solid content ratio (C / A): 0.1
Film weight, g / m 2 : 10
[0045]
(Comparative Example 2)
The treatment was performed in Step B using the following aqueous lubricant 7 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
Water based lubricant 7
Water-soluble inorganic salt: Potassium sulfate Lubricant: Molybdenum disulfide Solid content ratio (B / A): 0.5
Film weight, g / m 2 : 15
[0046]
(Comparative Example 3)
Processing was performed in the following step C.
Processing step C
1. Degreasing: Commercially available degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nihon Parkering Co., Ltd.) concentration 20 g / L, temperature 60 ° C., immersion 10 minutes
2.Washing: tap water, room temperature, immersion for 30 seconds
3. Chemical conversion treatment: Commercially available zinc phosphate chemical conversion treatment (registered trademark Palbond 181X Nippon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) concentration 90 g / L, temperature 80 ° C., immersion 10 minutes
4.Washing: tap water, room temperature, immersion for 30 seconds
5. Soap treatment: Commercially available reactive soap lubricant (registered trademark PALUBE 235 manufactured by Nihon Parker Rising Co., Ltd.) Concentration 70 g / L, 80 ° C., immersion 5 minutes
6. Drying: 80 ° C, 3 minutes
(Comparative Example 4)
It processed in the process A using the aqueous lubricant 8 shown below.
Water based lubricant 8
Water-soluble inorganic salt: borax; 10%
Solid lubricant: calcium stearate; 10%
Oil component: Palm oil; 0.5%
Surfactant; polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol; 1%
Residue: Water Film weight, g / m 2 : 10
[0048]
(Comparative Example 5)
Using the following aqueous lubricant 9 (addition of 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion), the treatment was performed in Step A.
Water based lubricant 8
Water-soluble inorganic salt: Sodium tetraborate Synthetic resin: Urethane resin Metal salt of fatty acid: Calcium stearate Solid content ratio (water-soluble inorganic salt / synthetic resin) = 2/1
Solid content ratio (calcium stearate / synthetic resin) = 3/1
Film weight, g / m 2 : 10
[0049]
The results of the above test are shown in Table 1. As is apparent from Table 1, Examples 1 to 5 using the water-based lubricant for plastic working for metal materials of the present invention show excellent lubricity by a simple process. Both Comparative Example 1 which does not contain the component (B) lubricant and Comparative Example 2 which does not contain the component (C) wax have poor lubricity. Moreover, what performed the reaction soap process to the phosphate membrane | film | coat of the comparative example 3 shows the lubricity equivalent to this invention, However, Wastewater treatment and liquid management are required, cannot be used with simple facilities, and accompanies reaction Environmental impact is large because waste is generated. In Comparative Example 4 which is the invention of JP-A-10-8085 and Comparative Example 5 which is mainly composed of a synthetic resin which is the invention of JP-A 2000-63880, the lubricity is inferior in the spike test. Recognize.
[0050]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003984158
[0051]
[Industrial applicability]
As is clear from the above description, a coating having high lubricity can be produced by a simple treatment using the water-based lubricant for metal material plastic working and the method for treating a lubricant coating of a metal material of the present invention. In addition, since there is little waste and the working environment is good, the industrial utility value is extremely high.
[0052]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a posterior drilling test.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a spike test.

Claims (5)

化成処理を施していない金属材料に用いる塑性加工用水系潤滑剤であって、（Ａ）硫酸塩、ケイ酸塩、ホウ酸塩、モリブデン酸塩およびタングステン酸塩よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の水溶性無機塩と、（Ｂ）二硫化モリブデンおよびグラファイトから選ばれる１種以上の滑剤と、（Ｃ）ワックスを、必要な場合は界面活性剤を加えて水に溶解または分散させた組成物で、特開２０００−６３８８０号公報に記載されたポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、アクリル系樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン樹脂およびフェノール系樹脂で例示される「合成樹脂」を含有せず、固形分濃度比（重量比）（Ｂ）／（Ａ）が１．０〜５．０、（Ｃ）／（Ａ）が０．１〜１．０であることを特徴とする金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑剤。An aqueous lubricant for plastic working used for a metal material not subjected to chemical conversion treatment, and (A) at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfate, silicate, borate, molybdate and tungstate A composition in which a water-soluble inorganic salt, (B) one or more lubricants selected from molybdenum disulfide and graphite, and (C) a wax are added to a surfactant, if necessary, and dissolved or dispersed in water. Does not contain "synthetic resin" exemplified by JP, 2000-63880, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin and phenolic resin. Concentration ratio (weight ratio) (B) / (A) is 1.0 to 5.0, and (C) / (A) is 0.1 to 1.0. Water-based lubricant. 前記ワックスが、水に分散した融点７０〜１５０℃の天然ワックス、または合成ワックスである、請求項１記載の水系潤滑剤。The wax is natural wax having a melting point of 70 to 150 ° C. dispersed in water, or synthetic waxes, water-based lubricant according to claim 1. 清浄化した、化成処理を施していない金属材料を請求項１または２記載の水系潤滑剤と接触させ、次いで乾燥させることにより、前記金属材料表面に付着重量として０．５〜４０ｇ／ｍ２の潤滑皮膜を形成させることを特徴とする金属材料の潤滑皮膜処理方法。The cleaned metal material not subjected to chemical conversion treatment is brought into contact with the water-based lubricant according to claim 1 or 2 , and then dried, whereby the weight of the metal material is 0.5 to 40 g / m 2 . A method for treating a lubricating film of a metal material, comprising forming a lubricating film . 前記清浄化がショットブラスト、サンドブラスト、アルカリ脱脂および酸洗浄よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項３記載の方法。The method according to claim 3 , wherein the cleaning is at least one selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing, and acid cleaning. 金属材料を６０〜１００℃に加温してから、請求項１または２記載の水系潤滑剤と接触させることを特徴とする、請求項３または４記載の方法。The method according to claim 3 or 4 , wherein the metal material is heated to 60 to 100 ° C and then contacted with the aqueous lubricant according to claim 1 or 2 .
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