JP3978293B2 - Compost fermentation treatment equipment - Google Patents

Compost fermentation treatment equipment Download PDF

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JP3978293B2
JP3978293B2 JP9252699A JP9252699A JP3978293B2 JP 3978293 B2 JP3978293 B2 JP 3978293B2 JP 9252699 A JP9252699 A JP 9252699A JP 9252699 A JP9252699 A JP 9252699A JP 3978293 B2 JP3978293 B2 JP 3978293B2
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compost
fermenter
sewage
raw material
fermentation
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JP2000281473A (en
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井上  敏
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井上 敏
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Fertilizers (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は堆肥の発酵処理装置に関し、特に、畜糞などの農業有機***物や生ごみなどの生活雑排物を材料とする堆肥の発酵処理装置に関する。
【0002】
【発明の背景】
従来、堆肥の主な原料は畜糞等の農業有機***物であったが、最近は食品残査等の生ごみの焼却が困難になってきたことやリサイクルの認識が高まってきたところからこれらの生ごみを農業有機***物に混合して堆肥化することが行われている。
他方、環境問題に対する認識の高まりから、堆肥製造時の悪臭、汚水の問題を解決することが大きな課題となり、さらには、農業技術の進歩から堆肥の品質に対する要求が厳しくなっている。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
堆肥製造工程は一般に、堆肥材料を圧縮混練して昇温させ、発酵槽で発酵させた後、所定時間養生して製品となるものであるが、上記のような堆肥材料の増加、環境問題、品質に対応するためにいろいろな発酵処理装置が提案されており、中でも効率の良い発酵処理装置としてスクープ方式の装置が広く使用されている。
【0004】
このスクープ式発酵処理装置は、発酵槽の長手方向に沿って移動する架台に、斜め上方に向けて回動するエンドレスの揚送手段を支持した切り返し装置を用い、発酵槽の後部から前部に向けて移動しながら、堆肥原料を上方に揚送して落下させ、落下の過程で空気に触れさせて好気発酵を促そうというものである。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、前記のように食品残査が混合される最近の堆肥材料は多糖類を多く含むため、これらを混練・撹拌した堆肥原料は粘質性が高く、団塊になり易い。しかも一旦、団塊になると表面から乾燥して硬くなり、砕けにくくなるとともに、表面硬化のために団塊の内部は水分が下がらず酸素が入りにくいために嫌気的発酵となって悪臭を発生させる。
また、従来の装置は好気発酵を目的として、発酵槽の下部から空気を送っているが、堆肥原料が団塊となることにより全体の空気の通りが良くなり、乾燥が急速に進み、内部の発酵が完了しないままで見かけ上の発酵が終了してしまう。このため、堆肥化後に外気温度が上昇し水分を含むと悪臭を発生させながら再度発酵し、いわゆる二次発酵による悪臭発生の環境問題が発生する。また、団塊内部の発酵が完了しない状態で土壌に入ると土中でガスを発生し、作物生育の障害となる。
【0006】
また、従来の発酵処理装置は悪臭を処理するために発酵槽にフードを設け、フード内の悪臭空気を脱臭装置で処理して大気に放出している。従って、脱臭装置を別途設けなけらばならず、コスト高になっていた。
【0007】
さらに、従来の発酵処理装置は家畜の糞尿汚水を処理するために発酵槽の堆肥原料の上方から汚水を散水しているが、このような処理は、とくに悪臭の強い汚水を空中に放散することになるため悪臭発生を増大させる結果になっていた。
【0008】
従って、本発明の第1の目的は、好気発酵を促進して、悪臭発生を出さずに良質の堆肥を迅速に製造するための堆肥発酵処理装置を提供することにある。
【0009】
本発明の第2の目的は、発酵槽内に発生した悪臭を脱臭装置を用いずに発酵槽内で分解・吸収する上記堆肥発酵処理装置を提供することにある。
【0010】
本発明の第3の目的は、畜舎などから排出される家畜の糞尿汚水を悪臭を放出させずに発酵・分解させる上記堆肥発酵処理装置を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記第1の目的を達成するために、本発明の堆肥発酵処理装置は、堆肥原料を投入する発酵槽と、この発酵槽の長手方向に沿って移動する架台に支持され、発酵槽の堆肥排出口側から堆肥原料投入口側に向けて移動しながら斜め上方に向けて回動するエンドレスの揚送手段によって堆肥原料を上方に揚送して落下させる切り返し装置、とを有するスクープ式堆肥発酵処理装置において、前記切り返し装置の堆肥原料落下位置に、落下してくる堆肥原料に対抗して下方から上向きに高速回転して堆肥団塊に対する下方からの回転衝撃により堆肥を破砕しながら後方の上方へ飛散させる粉砕機を設けたことを特徴とする。
【0012】
上記第2の目的を達成するために、本発明は、上記堆肥発酵処理装置において、堆肥発酵槽の一部又は全部の上方を覆うフードと、このフードの内部と発酵槽の床面間に配設され、フード内の悪臭空気を吸引して堆肥原料の下方から長手方向の多数の排気孔群を介して放出する通気管路と、を備えた悪臭吸収装置を有することをさらに特徴とする。
【0013】
この場合、前記フードを、発酵槽の堆肥原料投入口側から長手方向に沿って所定範囲にわたって設けるとともに、発酵槽床面の前記通気管路の排気孔群を、堆肥排出口側の所定範囲にわたって配設し、原料投入口側で発生するフード内の悪臭が発酵の進んだ堆肥層に吸収されるようにすることが望ましい。
【0014】
上記第3の目的を達成するために、本発明は、上記堆肥発酵処理装置において、家畜等の糞尿の汚水槽と、この汚水槽から圧送手段を介在させて発酵槽床面に配設された汚水供給管と、堆肥排出口側床面の所定範囲の汚水供給管に所定間隔をもって形成された注出孔を有し、汚水供給管から送られる前記汚水を発酵の進んだ発酵槽の堆肥に下方から注入する汚水処理装置を設けたことをさらに特徴とする。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
図は本発明によるスクープ式堆肥発酵処理装置の一実施例を示すもので、発酵槽1は、堆肥製造の混練、加圧工程で発酵温度に昇温させた堆肥原料2を投入して発酵工程を行うための処理槽であり、スクープ式の発酵処理槽では、後述する移動式切り返し装置3で切り返しを自動的に行うために、切り返し装置が往復走行するのに充分な長さと巾を有し、切り返し中に堆肥原料が槽外にこぼれないように適宜の深さに形成されている。
【0016】
発酵槽1の内部には、発酵槽1の長手方向に移動しながら堆肥原料をすくい上げ、斜め上方に揚送して落下させる堆肥切り返し装置3が装備されている。
図の実施例の切り返し装置3は、モータ等の揚送駆動手段4によって斜め上方に向けて回動するエンドレスのキャタピラ5に沿って多数のスクープブラケット6を固定した揚送装置7を備えている。
【0017】
揚送装置7は、発酵槽1の長手方向に固定したレール8に沿って往復走行する架台9に支持されており、架台移動モータ10によって自走する架台9と一体になって発酵槽1内の長手方向に往復移動するようになっている。
【0018】
かくして、切り返し装置3は、揚送装置7のスクープブラケット6ですくい上げた堆肥原料2を落下させながら発酵槽1の堆肥排出口側1bから堆肥原料投入口側1aに向けて移動し、これにより発酵槽1の堆肥原料2の切り返しを行い、堆肥原料2を空気に接触させて好気菌による好気的発酵を促すようにしている。
【0019】
ところが、前述のように、畜糞などの畜産***物と生ごみなど混合物を圧縮混練した堆肥原料は、粘質性が高く、団塊になっているので切り返し装置3から落下させただけでは空気との接触が不充分であることから嫌気的発酵となって悪臭を出す。
この問題を解決するために、本発明は、切り返し装置3の堆肥落下位置、すなわち、揚送装置7の裏側に、揚送装置7の上端から落下してくる団塊状の堆肥原料2に衝撃を与え、破砕及び飛散させる粉砕機11が設けられている。
【0020】
揚送装置7は下端回動部が発酵槽1の床面に強い力で衝突しないように、ロープ24等で床面より若干上方へ吊るすか、あるいはキャスタなどの脚をつけてもよい。
また、切り返し装置3による堆肥の切り返し作業は、発酵槽1の堆肥排出口側1b(後部)から堆肥原料投入口側1a(前部)までを1サイクルとして数サイクル繰り返して行われる。切り返し装置3を排出口側端部に戻すときは、ロープ24をモータ25で巻き上げて揚送装置7の下端を上方へ引き上げ、架台移動モータ10を逆転させて自動操作するのが好ましい。
【0021】
図の実施例の粉砕機11は粉砕機駆動モータ12によって高速回動する回転軸に複数の破砕部材13を固設した構造になり、落下してくる堆肥の塊りに対抗して破砕部材13が高速回転して堆肥団塊の下方から強い回転衝撃を与えるようになっている。
このようにして、堆肥原料が破砕部材13によって粉砕、飛散されることにより、団塊が砕かれた状態で空気によく接触する。また、破砕部材13で上方へ飛散させられることにより、空気との接触滞空時間が長くなると同時に、砕かれた堆肥原料が雪が降るようにふんわりと広範囲に堆積することにより、切り返した堆肥原料の堆積層内に空気が充分に入り急速に好気発酵分解が進む。従って、汚水や悪臭を出すことなく発酵、分解が迅速に完了する。
このように、本発明は粉砕機により、堆肥原料の破砕による空気接触の向上、飛散による空気接触の向上、堆積後の空気接触の向上という、三つの作用が同時に得られるのである。
【0022】
このようにして好気的発酵により発酵中の悪臭の発生が著しく抑制されるが、堆肥原料そのものに悪臭があるのでその対策が必要になる。
すなわち、図2、図3のように、本発明の上記発酵処理装置では発酵槽1の全長の堆肥原料投入口側1aから所定の範囲、例えば、堆肥原料投入口側1aから約3分の2の範囲のところで発酵が完了し、堆肥排出口側1bから約3分の1のところでは悪臭の発生はほとんどなくなるが、投入口から約3分の2の範囲では発酵が完了していないため堆肥原料自体の悪臭が出る。
【0023】
そこで、本発明の堆肥発酵処理装置は、図2に示すように、堆肥発酵槽1の一部又は全部の上方をフード14で覆い、悪臭空気が外に出ないようにするとともに、フード14内の悪臭を吸引して発酵槽1内の堆肥原料2の下方、特に、発酵の進んだ堆肥原料2の下方から堆肥原料に向けて、好ましくはエアレーシヨンとして放出する悪臭吸収装置15を設けてある。
図の実施例の悪臭吸収装置15は、フード14に連通するダクト16と、このダクト16に介装され、フード14内の臭気を吸引する送風機17と、ダクト16に連通し、多数の吹出孔18を形成した通気管19から成り、通気管19をその吹出孔18を上に向けて発酵槽1の床面に敷設した構成になっている。
【0024】
好ましくは、前記フード14は、発酵槽1の悪臭の発生する範囲、例えば、堆肥原料投入口側1aから長手方向全長の約3分の2の範囲にわたって設けるとともに、悪臭吸収装置15の通気管19の吹出口18は発酵の進んだ堆肥原料の下方に対向するように、例えば、発酵槽1の排出口側1bから長手方向全長の約3分の1の範囲にわたって敷設する。
【0025】
かくして、フード14内の悪臭空気はダクト16、送風機17、通気管19、吹出口18を通って堆肥の下方から放出される。
有機物の発酵・分解は、微生物の体内及び体外の酵素によって行われるものであるが、分解完了により微生物自体は死滅しても、酵素は活性を保って残留するために、体外酵素とともに悪臭成分を分解する能力を発揮する。すなわち、微生物脱臭機能により、フード14内の悪臭が、発酵の進んだ堆肥に効率よく吸収される。
【0026】
ところで、畜舎等の畜産施設からは糞と尿の混じった汚水が大量に排出される。この汚水は、悪臭と病原菌の問題から畑地への散布が禁止されはじめており、その処置が困難になっている。
そこで、本発明は、畜舎等から排水される前記汚水を発酵槽内の堆肥原料にその下方から注入し、悪臭を放散させないで堆肥に吸収させる汚水処理装置を設けてある。
このため、畜舎等からの汚水を貯溜する汚水槽20を設け、この汚水槽20から発酵槽1の床面に汚水供給管21を配管してある。
発酵槽1の外部に配設された部分の汚水供給管21aにはポンプ22を設けるとともに、発酵槽1の床面に配設された部分の汚水供給管21bの上面長手方向に沿って複数の小さな注出孔23を所定間隔で形成し、これにより、発酵槽1から排出された汚水を圧送して発酵槽1内の堆肥に注入し、汚水が堆肥層に下方から吸収されるようになっている。
【0027】
汚水が発酵槽1の堆肥に均一に注入されるように、発酵槽1内の汚水供給管21bは複数本に分岐し、発酵槽1の床面巾に沿って適宜の間隔で配置するのが望ましい。
また、悪臭の発生を抑えて汚水を効率良く、発酵、分解するためには汚水は発酵槽1内の発酵の進んだ堆肥材料又は堆肥に吸収させるのが望ましい。このため、前記悪臭吸収装置15の悪臭吹出口18と同様に、汚水注出孔23は発酵槽1の堆肥排出口側1bの適宜の範囲、好ましくは堆肥排出口側1bから発酵槽全長の約50%の範囲に配設するとよい。
【0028】
なお、図1乃至図3に示すように、発酵槽1の床面には堆肥原料投入口側1aから約3分の2の範囲、すなわち、発酵中の堆肥原料に空気を送って好気発酵を促進させるための送風管26が送風機27を介して配管されている。
【0029】
【効果】
本発明は切り返し装置の堆肥落下位置に粉砕機を設けたことにより、団塊状の堆肥材料が細かく砕かれ、空気との接触面積が拡大するとともに、粉砕機によって上方へ遠く飛散することにより空気接触時間が長くなり、さらには、粉砕、飛散した堆肥原料が雪のように柔らかく広範囲に降下するので空気を多く含んだ状態で堆積する。これらの現象が相俟って堆肥の好気発酵分解が速進され、汚水や悪臭が抑制されるとともに、発酵分解時間が著しく短縮される。
【0030】
堆肥原料の悪臭を吸引し発酵槽の堆肥原料の下方から放出して堆肥に吸収させることにより悪臭の問題が解決されるので、別途、脱臭装置を設ける必要がない。
【0031】
畜舎等から出る家畜の糞尿汚水を堆肥の下方から堆肥層に注入して、発酵・分解させるので汚水が外部に放出されずに吸収され、汚水による悪臭も効率良く抑制される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明による堆肥発酵処理装置の要部概略構成図
【図2】本発明による堆肥発酵処理装置の概略縦断面図
【図3】本発明による堆肥発酵処理装置の発酵槽平面図
【符号の説明】
1…発酵槽
1a…堆肥原料投入口側
1b…堆肥排出口側
2…堆肥原料
3…切り返し装置
4…揚送駆動手段
5…キャタピラ
6…スクープブラケット
7…揚送装置
8…レール
9…架台
10…架台駆動モータ
11…粉砕機
12…粉砕機駆動モータ
13…破砕部材
14…フード
15…悪臭吸収装置
16…ダクト
17…送風機
18…吹出孔
19…通気管
20…汚水槽
21、21a、21b…汚水供給管
22…ポンプ
23…注出孔
24…ロープ
25…モータ
26…送風管
27…送風機
【整理番号】PAS99008
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a compost fermentation treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to a compost fermentation treatment apparatus using agricultural organic excrement such as livestock excrement and daily waste such as garbage.
[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventionally, the main raw material of compost has been agricultural organic excrement such as livestock excrement. However, recently, it has become difficult to incinerate food waste such as food residue, and the recognition of recycling has increased. Garbage is mixed with agricultural organic excrement and composted.
On the other hand, the growing awareness of environmental issues has made it a major challenge to solve the problem of malodor and sewage during compost production, and further, the demand for compost quality has become stricter due to advances in agricultural technology.
[0003]
[Prior art]
The compost production process is generally a method in which compost material is compressed and kneaded, heated, fermented in a fermentor, and cured for a predetermined time to become a product, but the increase in compost material, environmental problems, Various fermentation treatment apparatuses have been proposed to cope with quality, and among these, scoop type apparatuses are widely used as efficient fermentation treatment apparatuses.
[0004]
This scoop-type fermentation treatment apparatus uses a turn-back device that supports an endless lifting means that rotates obliquely upward on a gantry that moves along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter, and from the rear part to the front part of the fermenter. While moving toward, the compost raw material is lifted upward and dropped, and in the process of dropping, the material is exposed to air to promote aerobic fermentation.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the recent compost material mixed with the food residue as described above contains a large amount of polysaccharides, the compost raw material obtained by kneading and stirring these has high viscosity and tends to be a baby boom. Moreover, once it becomes a nodule, it becomes dry and hard from the surface, and it becomes difficult to break, and because of the surface hardening, the inside of the nodule does not drop moisture and is difficult to contain oxygen.
In addition, the conventional apparatus sends air from the bottom of the fermenter for the purpose of aerobic fermentation. The apparent fermentation ends without the fermentation being completed. For this reason, if the outside air temperature rises after composting and contains water, it is fermented again while generating malodors, which causes an environmental problem of generation of malodors due to so-called secondary fermentation. Moreover, if it enters the soil in a state where fermentation inside the baby boom is not completed, gas is generated in the soil, which hinders crop growth.
[0006]
Moreover, the conventional fermentation processing apparatus is provided with a hood in the fermenter in order to treat malodors, and the malodorous air in the hood is treated with a deodorizing apparatus and released to the atmosphere. Therefore, a separate deodorizing device has to be provided, which increases the cost.
[0007]
Furthermore, conventional fermenting equipment sprays sewage from above the fertilizer compost raw material to treat livestock manure sewage, but such treatment disperses sewage with particularly strong odors in the air. As a result, the generation of malodor was increased.
[0008]
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to provide a compost fermentation treatment apparatus for promptly producing high-quality compost without promoting generation of malodor by promoting aerobic fermentation.
[0009]
The second object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned compost fermentation treatment apparatus that decomposes and absorbs malodor generated in the fermenter in the fermenter without using a deodorizer.
[0010]
The third object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned compost fermentation treatment apparatus for fermenting and decomposing livestock manure sewage discharged from a barn etc. without releasing malodor.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the first object, the compost fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention is supported by a fermenter into which compost raw material is introduced and a frame that moves along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter, and compost discharge from the fermenter. A scoop-type compost fermentation process having a turn-back device that lifts and drops the compost raw material upward by an endless transporting means that moves obliquely upward while moving from the outlet side toward the compost raw material inlet side. In the apparatus, at the composting material falling position of the turning-over device, the compost material is rotated upward at high speed from the bottom against the falling compost material , and the compost is crushed by the rotational impact from below on the compost mass and scattered upward A pulverizer is provided.
[0012]
In order to achieve the second object, in the compost fermentation apparatus, the present invention provides a hood that covers a part or all of the upper part of the compost fermenter, and is disposed between the inside of the hood and the floor of the fermenter. It is further characterized by having a malodor absorbing device provided with a vent line that sucks malodorous air in the hood and discharges it from below the compost raw material through a large number of exhaust holes in the longitudinal direction.
[0013]
In this case, the hood is provided over a predetermined range along the longitudinal direction from the compost raw material inlet side of the fermenter, and the exhaust hole group of the ventilation duct on the fermenter floor is provided over a predetermined range on the compost outlet side. It is desirable that the odor in the hood generated on the raw material inlet side is absorbed by the compost layer that has undergone fermentation.
[0014]
In order to achieve the third object, the present invention is arranged on the fermenter floor surface of the compost fermentation processing apparatus, with a sewage tank for excrement such as livestock and a pumping means interposed from the sewage tank. The sewage supply pipe and the sewage supply pipe in a predetermined range on the floor surface of the compost discharge port have a pouring hole formed at a predetermined interval, and the sewage sent from the sewage supply pipe is used as a compost in a fermenter that has undergone fermentation. It is further characterized in that a sewage treatment apparatus for injecting from below is provided.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a scoop type compost fermentation apparatus according to the present invention. A fermenter 1 is a fermentation process in which a compost raw material 2 heated to a fermentation temperature in a kneading and pressurizing process of compost production is introduced. In the scoop-type fermentation treatment tank, it has a length and width sufficient for the reversing device to reciprocate in order to automatically perform reversing by the mobile reversing device 3 described later. The composting material is formed at an appropriate depth so that the composting material does not spill out of the tank during turning.
[0016]
The fermenter 1 is equipped with a compost turning device 3 that scoops up compost raw materials while moving in the longitudinal direction of the fermenter 1, lifts the compost raw material obliquely upward, and drops it.
The switching device 3 in the illustrated embodiment includes a lifting device 7 in which a number of scoop brackets 6 are fixed along an endless caterpillar 5 that is rotated obliquely upward by a lifting drive means 4 such as a motor. .
[0017]
The lifting device 7 is supported by a gantry 9 that reciprocates along a rail 8 fixed in the longitudinal direction of the fermenter 1, and is integrated with the gantry 9 that is self-propelled by the gantry moving motor 10. It is designed to reciprocate in the longitudinal direction.
[0018]
Thus, the turning device 3 moves from the compost discharge side 1b of the fermenter 1 toward the compost raw material input side 1a while dropping the compost raw material 2 scooped up by the scoop bracket 6 of the lifting device 7, thereby fermenting. The compost raw material 2 in the tank 1 is turned over, and the compost raw material 2 is brought into contact with air to promote aerobic fermentation by aerobic bacteria.
[0019]
However, as described above, the compost raw material obtained by compressing and kneading a mixture of livestock excrement such as livestock excrement and garbage is highly viscous and is a baby boom. Inadequate contact causes anaerobic fermentation and produces odors.
In order to solve this problem, the present invention applies an impact to the nodule-shaped compost raw material 2 falling from the upper end of the lifting device 7 to the compost dropping position of the turning device 3, that is, on the back side of the lifting device 7. A crusher 11 for feeding, crushing and scattering is provided.
[0020]
The lifting device 7 may be hung slightly above the floor surface by a rope 24 or the like, or may be provided with a caster or the like so that the lower end rotating portion does not collide with the floor surface of the fermenter 1 with a strong force.
Further, the compost reversing operation by the reversing device 3 is performed by repeating several cycles with one cycle from the compost discharge port side 1b (rear part) to the compost raw material input port side 1a (front part) of the fermenter 1. When returning the switching device 3 to the discharge port side end, it is preferable that the rope 24 is wound up by the motor 25, the lower end of the feeding device 7 is pulled up, and the gantry moving motor 10 is reversed and automatically operated.
[0021]
The crusher 11 of the embodiment shown in the figure has a structure in which a plurality of crushing members 13 are fixed on a rotating shaft that is rotated at a high speed by a crusher driving motor 12, and crushing members 13 against the falling compost lump. Rotate at high speed to give a strong rotational impact from below the compost nodules.
In this way, the compost raw material is pulverized and scattered by the crushing member 13, so that the baby boom is in good contact with the air in a crushed state. In addition, by being scattered upward by the crushing member 13, the time during which contact with air is increased, and at the same time the crushed compost raw material is deposited softly over a wide area so that it snows, so that the accumulated compost raw material is accumulated. Aerobic fermentation decomposition proceeds rapidly with sufficient air in the bed. Therefore, fermentation and decomposition can be completed quickly without producing sewage or bad odor.
Thus, in the present invention, the pulverizer can simultaneously obtain three actions of improving air contact by crushing compost raw materials, improving air contact by scattering, and improving air contact after deposition.
[0022]
In this way, generation of malodor during fermentation is remarkably suppressed by aerobic fermentation, but countermeasures are necessary because the compost raw material itself has malodor.
That is, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in the fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention, the entire length of the fermenter 1 from the compost raw material inlet side 1a, for example, about two-thirds from the compost raw material inlet side 1a. Fermentation is completed in the range of about 1/3 from the compost discharge side 1b, but almost no malodor is generated in about 1/3 of the compost discharge side, but compost is not completed in the range of about 2/3 from the input port. The raw material itself smells bad.
[0023]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the compost fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention covers a part or all of the upper part of the compost fermenter 1 with a hood 14 so that bad odor air does not go outside and the inside of the hood 14. A malodor absorbing device 15 is provided that preferably sucks the malodor from the bottom of the compost raw material 2 in the fermenter 1 and discharges it preferably from the bottom of the fermented compost raw material 2 toward the compost raw material.
The malodor absorbing device 15 of the illustrated embodiment is connected to a duct 16 communicating with the hood 14, a blower 17 that is interposed in the duct 16 and sucks odor in the hood 14, and communicates with the duct 16, and has a number of outlet holes. The vent pipe 19 is formed on the floor surface of the fermenter 1 with the blow hole 18 facing upward.
[0024]
Preferably, the hood 14 is provided over a range where malodor is generated in the fermenter 1, for example, a range of about two-thirds of the entire length in the longitudinal direction from the compost raw material inlet 1 a, and the vent pipe 19 of the malodor absorber 15. For example, the blower outlet 18 is laid over a range of about one third of the entire length in the longitudinal direction from the discharge port side 1b of the fermenter 1 so as to face the lower side of the fermented compost raw material.
[0025]
Thus, malodorous air in the hood 14 is discharged from the lower side of the compost through the duct 16, the blower 17, the vent pipe 19, and the air outlet 18.
Fermentation / decomposition of organic substances is carried out by enzymes inside and outside the microorganisms, but even if the microorganisms themselves are killed by the completion of the decomposition, the enzymes remain active, so malodorous components are added together with the in vitro enzymes. Demonstrate the ability to disassemble. That is, the bad smell in the hood 14 is efficiently absorbed by the fermented compost by the microorganism deodorizing function.
[0026]
By the way, a large amount of sewage mixed with feces and urine is discharged from livestock facilities such as barns. This sewage is beginning to be banned from being applied to the field due to problems of malodor and pathogenic bacteria, and its treatment is difficult.
Therefore, the present invention is provided with a sewage treatment apparatus that injects the sewage drained from a barn or the like into the compost raw material in the fermenter from below and absorbs the sewage into the compost without dissipating malodor.
For this reason, a sewage tank 20 for storing sewage from a barn or the like is provided, and a sewage supply pipe 21 is piped from the sewage tank 20 to the floor of the fermentation tank 1.
A portion of the sewage supply pipe 21 a disposed outside the fermenter 1 is provided with a pump 22 and a plurality of sewage supply pipes 21 b disposed on the floor of the fermenter 1 along the longitudinal direction of the upper surface. Small pouring holes 23 are formed at predetermined intervals, whereby the sewage discharged from the fermenter 1 is pumped and injected into the compost in the fermenter 1, and the sewage is absorbed into the compost layer from below. ing.
[0027]
It is desirable that the sewage supply pipe 21b in the fermenter 1 is branched into a plurality of pipes and arranged at appropriate intervals along the floor width of the fermenter 1 so that the sewage is uniformly injected into the compost of the fermenter 1. .
Moreover, in order to suppress the generation of malodor and efficiently ferment and decompose sewage, it is desirable that the sewage is absorbed in the fermented compost material or compost in the fermenter 1. For this reason, as with the malodor blow-off port 18 of the malodor absorbing device 15, the sewage pouring hole 23 has an appropriate range on the compost discharge port side 1b of the fermenter 1, preferably about the entire length of the fermenter from the compost discharge port side 1b. It is good to arrange in the range of 50%.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the floor of the fermenter 1 is about two-thirds from the compost raw material inlet side 1 a, that is, aerobic fermentation by sending air to the compost raw material being fermented. A blower pipe 26 is provided through a blower 27 for promoting the above.
[0029]
【effect】
The present invention provides a crusher at the compost dropping position of the turn-back device, so that the nodule-like compost material is finely crushed, the contact area with air is expanded, and the air contact is caused by being scattered farther upward by the crusher. The time becomes longer, and further, the compost material that has been crushed and scattered falls softly like snow and falls in a wide area, so it accumulates in a state containing a lot of air. Combined with these phenomena, aerobic fermentation decomposition of compost is accelerated, sewage and malodor are suppressed, and fermentation decomposition time is remarkably shortened.
[0030]
The problem of malodor is solved by sucking the malodor of the compost raw material, releasing it from below the compost raw material of the fermenter, and absorbing it into the compost, so there is no need to provide a separate deodorizing device.
[0031]
The manure sewage from livestock and the like is poured into the compost layer from below the compost and fermented and decomposed, so that the sewage is absorbed without being released to the outside, and the bad odor due to the sewage is efficiently suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part of a compost fermentation processing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a compost fermentation processing apparatus according to the present invention. Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fermenter 1a ... Compost raw material inlet side 1b ... Compost discharge port side 2 ... Compost raw material 3 ... Turning device 4 ... Lifting drive means 5 ... Caterpillar 6 ... Scoop bracket 7 ... Lifting device 8 ... Rail 9 ... Stand 10 ... frame drive motor 11 ... pulverizer 12 ... pulverizer drive motor 13 ... crushing member 14 ... hood 15 ... odor absorbing device 16 ... duct 17 ... blower 18 ... blowout hole 19 ... vent pipe 20 ... sewage tanks 21, 21a, 21b ... Sewage supply pipe 22 ... pump 23 ... pouring hole 24 ... rope 25 ... motor 26 ... blower pipe 27 ... blower [reference number] PAS99008

Claims (1)

堆肥原料を投入する発酵槽と、この発酵槽の長手方向に沿って移動する架台に支持され、発酵槽の堆肥排出口側から堆肥原料投入口側に向けて移動しながら斜め上方に向けて回動するエンドレスの揚送手段によって堆肥原料を上方に揚送して落下させる切り返し装置、とを有するスクープ式堆肥発酵処理装置において、前記切り返し装置の堆肥原料落下位置に取付けられ、落下してくる堆肥原料を破砕しながら飛散させる粉砕機と;堆肥発酵槽の一部又は全部の上方を覆ったフードの内部から発酵槽堆肥排出口側の所定範囲の床面間に配設され、フード内の悪臭空気を吸引して発酵の進んだ堆肥層に下方から長手方向の多数の排気孔群を介して吸収させる通気管路を備えた悪臭吸収装置と;家畜等の糞尿汚水槽から圧送手段を介在させて発酵槽の堆肥排出口側床面の所定範囲に配設された汚水供給管と、この汚水供給管に所定間隔をもって形成された注出孔を有し、汚水供給管から送られる前記汚水を発酵の進んだ発酵槽の堆肥に下方床面から注入する汚水処理装置と;を設けたことを特徴とする堆肥発酵処理装置It is supported by a fermenter that feeds compost raw materials and a frame that moves along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter, and rotates diagonally upward while moving from the fertilizer discharge port side to the compost raw material input port side. A scooping-type compost fermentation processing apparatus having a turning device that lifts and drops compost raw material upward by a moving endless moving means, and is attached to the compost raw material falling position of the turning device and falls down A pulverizer for crushing the raw material while being crushed ; disposed between the floor of a predetermined range on the fermenter compost outlet side from the inside of the hood that covers part or all of the compost fermenter, and the bad odor in the hood A malodor absorbing device having a ventilation pipe that sucks air and absorbs it through a large number of exhaust holes in the longitudinal direction from below into a compost layer that has undergone fermentation; and a pumping means from a manure sewage tank such as livestock Ferment The sewage supply pipe disposed in a predetermined range of the floor surface of the compost discharge outlet side and a discharge hole formed at a predetermined interval in the sewage supply pipe, and the sewage sent from the sewage supply pipe is advanced in fermentation. compost fermentation treatment apparatus, wherein a provided; but the sewage treatment apparatus for injecting from the lower floor to the compost fermentation tank
JP9252699A 1999-03-31 1999-03-31 Compost fermentation treatment equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3978293B2 (en)

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