JP3907502B2 - Frozen watered fish and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Frozen watered fish and processing method thereof Download PDF

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JP3907502B2
JP3907502B2 JP2002063665A JP2002063665A JP3907502B2 JP 3907502 B2 JP3907502 B2 JP 3907502B2 JP 2002063665 A JP2002063665 A JP 2002063665A JP 2002063665 A JP2002063665 A JP 2002063665A JP 3907502 B2 JP3907502 B2 JP 3907502B2
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fish
frozen
bone
supplement
watered
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JP2003259797A (en
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義和 加藤
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株式会社加ト吉
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本願発明は、骨抜き状態の魚身を凍結した冷凍骨抜き魚身及びその加工方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【発明の背景及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
例えばサバやサワラのような魚は、魚屋(あるいはスーパーマーケット)の店頭では一般に切り身の状態で販売されているが、左右両身を中骨から分離させた状態(三枚におろしたもの)であっても、その魚身に小さい骨が残っている場合が多い。即ち、三枚におろした魚身であっても、腹部には腹骨があり、魚身の上下中央部分には短小な縦骨が多数本残っている。尚、この縦骨は、魚身の長さ方向に間隔をもって15本程度あり、且つ魚身の身側の面から魚身厚さ方向に向けてかなりの深さまで埋まっている。
【0003】
そして、このように骨が残ったままの魚身を調理したものでは、喫食時(口に入れる前)にその骨を身から除去するのが面倒であるとともに、口の中に骨が入ると食感を悪くし且つその骨を口から出す作業が面倒であった。特に、縦骨は、短小であるので口の中で身から骨を分離させて取り出すのが非常に面倒である。このように、三枚におろした魚身であっても、骨が残っていると食べにくく、一般家庭では骨の残っている魚は敬遠されがちであった。
【0004】
ところで、三枚におろした魚身から、腹骨や縦骨等の骨を除去した状態で販売することは可能である。即ち、腹骨は包丁で削ぎ落とし、縦骨は毛抜きで1本づつ抜き取って、骨を除いた状態で魚身を提供することは可能である。
【0005】
ところが、縦骨は、三枚におろした半身魚身の長さ方向の全長に亘って15本程度あり、且つ魚身のかなりの深さまで埋まっており、しかも生の魚身では縦骨の回りに身が強固に結着しているので、該各縦骨を引き抜くと、そこにかなり大きな骨跡凹部ができて、魚身の見映えが悪くなるとともに、該魚身が崩れ易くなるという問題がある。
【0006】
本願発明は、上記課題に鑑み、三枚におろし且つ腹骨や縦骨等を除去して骨抜き魚身にすることで調理後喫食時に骨の無い魚身を食することができ、又縦骨を除去した魚身であっても、その縦骨を除去した骨跡凹部にタンパク質結着機能を有する補充身を充填することで、見映えが良好で且つ保形性のある(魚身が崩れない)冷凍骨抜き魚身及びその加工方法を提供することを目的としている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願発明は、上記課題を解決するための手段として次の構成を有している。尚、本願発明は、原形魚を三枚におろし且つ骨を除去した冷凍骨抜き魚身及びその加工方法を対象にしている。又、本願発明は、特に限定するものではないがサバやサワラのような魚身内に縦骨がある魚で、該縦骨を除去したときに身割れし易い魚種に適している。
【0008】
本願請求項1の発明
本願請求項1の発明は、冷凍骨抜き魚身を対象にしている。そして、この請求項1の発明の冷凍骨抜き魚身は、原形魚を三枚におろした半身魚身から腹骨及び縦骨を除去した骨抜き半身魚身に加工している。尚、縦骨は、半身魚身の長さ方向のほぼ全長に亘って間隔をもって15本程度あり、該各縦骨を除去した部分にはそれぞれかなり深さの骨跡凹部が形成されることになる。尚、縦骨を除去した各残跡凹部は、大きく身割れする状態のものから僅かに小孔があく程度まで大小さまざまである。
【0009】
そして、本願請求項1の冷凍骨抜き魚身は、骨抜き半身魚身おける縦骨を除去した骨跡凹部内に、同種魚の微細身にトランスグルタミナーゼ単独あるいはトランスグルタミナーゼを含有する混合物からなるタンパク質架橋酵素を混合した補充身を充填している。
【0010】
補充身となる微細身には、同種魚の落とし身を用い、ミジン切り状あるいはペースト状にしたものが使用される。
【0011】
タンパク質架橋酵素としては、トランスグルタミナーゼ単独のものでも、あるいはトランスグルタミナーゼと例えばカゼイン類とを併用した混合物でもよい。このトランスグルタミナーゼは、タンパク質中にあるグルタミン残基のγ−カルボキシルアミド基をε−アミノ基に結合させる反応を起こさせる触媒となり、結果としてタンパク質を結着させる機能を有する酵素となるものである。トランスグルタミナーゼは、概ね室温から50℃の範囲で高い活性を示し、−18℃以下の低温では活性が停止し、75℃で5分以内に失活する性質がある。尚、本願では、タンパク質架橋酵素として、例えば味の素(株)社製の商品名「アクティバ」を使用できる。
【0012】
そして、補充身は、上記微細身と上記タンパク質架橋酵素とを適量づつ混合したものを使用している。尚、この補充身は、全部の骨跡凹部内に充填してもよいが、骨跡凹部が小さいものでは、補充身(微細身)の代わりにタンパク質架橋酵素のみを付着させるだけでもよい。又、この補充身は、各骨跡凹部が並んでいる方向に帯状に若干厚さだけ盛り上げた状態で連続させてもよい。
【0013】
このように、骨抜き半身魚身の骨跡凹部内にタンパク質架橋酵素を混合した補充身を充填すれば、該タンパク質架橋酵素が酵素反応して、微細身と骨跡凹部のタンパク質同士を結着させるようになる。従って、本願請求項1の冷凍骨抜き魚身では、縦骨を除去した骨跡凹部の魚身と微細身とがタンパク質架橋酵素による結着作用により一体化されている。
【0014】
そして、本願請求項1の冷凍骨抜き魚身は、上記タンパク質架橋酵素により補充身を骨抜き半身魚身(各骨跡凹部内)に結着させた状態で凍結している。
【0015】
この請求項1の冷凍骨抜き魚身では、タンパク質架橋酵素(トランスグルタミナーゼ)は失活していないが、骨抜き半身魚身を凍結状態(例えば−18℃以下)で保存していることで酵素反応は停止しており、該骨抜き半身魚身の温度が酵素活性温度域まで上昇しない限りタンパク質架橋酵素による魚身の固化は進行しない。尚、この凍結保存状態は、製品(冷凍骨抜き魚身)を倉庫で保管している間はもとより、商品として店頭陳列しているとき、及び消費者が購入して調理に供するまでは継続させる(冷凍庫内で凍結保存する)。そして、調理前に半解凍状態まで解凍させて補充身つき半身魚身を調理目的に応じた所定大きさに切断して、加熱調理(例えば「煮る」「フライにする」「焼く」等)をする。
【0016】
本願請求項2の発明
本願請求項2の発明では、上記請求項1の冷凍骨抜き魚身において、骨抜き半身魚身における腹骨を除去した部分にも補充身を充填している。
【0017】
半身魚身から腹骨を切除すると、該腹骨とともに若干の魚身が削ぎ落とされ、その分、腹部の魚身のボリュームが減少するとともに、きれいに削ぎ落とせなかったときには見映えが悪くなるが、該腹骨除去部分に補充身を充填する(具体的には補充身を薄く付着させる)と、該腹部のボリュームを確保できるとともに、見映えもきれいに補修できる。尚、この腹骨除去部分の補充身も、タンパク質架橋酵素により腹部の魚身に結着されており、簡単に剥がれ落ちることはない。
【0018】
本願請求項3の発明
本願請求項3の発明は、上記請求項1又は2の冷凍骨抜き魚身において、補充身を骨抜き半身魚身(各骨跡凹部内)に結着させた補充身つき半身魚身を所定大きさの切り身魚身に切断した状態で凍結している。
【0019】
このように、補充身つき半身魚身を予め所定大きさの切り身魚身に切断しておくと、そのまま目的に応じた加熱調理をすることができる。
【0020】
本願請求項4の発明
本願請求項4の発明は、冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法を対象にしている。そして、本願請求項4の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法は、次の(1)〜(5)の各工程を順次行うことを特徴としている。
【0021】
(1) 三枚おろし工程
この三枚おろし工程は、原形魚の左右両身を中骨から分離させるものである。即ち、原形魚の頭部及び尾部を切除し、内臓を除去した状態で、左右両身をそれぞれ中骨に沿って分離させる。このとき半身魚身に胸ヒレが残っている場合には、該胸ヒレも切除する。又、鱗のある魚では、原形魚の状態で該鱗を除去する。尚、この三枚おろし工程は、原形魚を半解凍状態(内臓が凍っている状態)で行うとよい。
【0022】
このように三枚におろした各半身魚身には、腹骨及び多数本の縦骨が残っている。尚、縦骨は、サバの場合、半身魚身の上下中央部分において魚身の長さ方向に間隔をもって15本程度あり、且つ魚身の身側の面から魚身厚さ方向に向けてかなりの深さまで埋まっている。
【0023】
(2) 腹骨・縦骨除去工程
この腹骨・縦骨除去工程は、各半身魚身から腹骨及び各縦骨を除去するものである。腹骨は、若干の身とともに包丁で削ぎ落とし、各縦骨は、毛抜き等で1本づつ抜き取る。尚、縦骨除去時には、各縦骨に沿って包丁で1本の切り目線を入れておくと、該縦骨の除去作業が容易となるが、この切り目線は必要に応じて入れることができる。
【0024】
ところで、縦骨は、半身魚身の長さ方向の全長に亘って多数本(サバでは15本程度)あり、且つ魚身のかなりの深さまで埋まっており、しかも生の魚身では縦骨の回りに身が強固に結着している。従って、縦骨を抜き取ると該縦骨に少量の身が付着したまま抜き取られ、その残跡部分にかなり大きな骨跡凹部ができることがある。このように、魚身に多数の骨跡凹部ができると、魚身の見映えが悪くなるとともに、該魚身が身割れして崩れ易くなる。
【0025】
(3) 補充身充填工程
この補充身充填工程は、骨抜き半身魚身における縦骨を除去した各骨跡凹部内に、同種魚の微細身にタンパク質架橋酵素を混合した補充身を充填するものである。又、この補充身充填工程では、骨抜き半身魚身における腹骨を除去した部分にも補充身を充填してもよい。
【0026】
補充身を構成する微細身及びタンパク質架橋酵素は、それぞれ請求項1に記載したもの使用する。又、補充身の製作、即ち微細身とタンパク質架橋酵素との混合作業は、上記三枚おろし作業あるいは腹骨・縦骨除去作業と並行して行う。微細身に対するタンパク質架橋酵素の混合割合は、該タンパク質架橋酵素を活性させる環境(例えば反応させる雰囲気温度、反応させる時間等)や目的とする結着強度等によって、適当な範囲に設定できる。
【0027】
この補充身充填工程では、タンパク質架橋酵素と微細身とを混合してなる補充身を骨抜き半身魚身の骨跡凹部内に充填するが、上記縦骨除去時に該各縦骨に沿って切り目線を入れている場合には、該切り目線で形成される細溝内にも補充身を充填しておくとよい。この場合、補充身充填部分は帯状に連続する。尚、補充身は、全部の骨跡凹部内に充填してもよいが、骨跡凹部が小さいものでは、補充身(微細身)の代わりにタンパク質架橋酵素のみを付着させるだけでもよい。
【0028】
(4) 酵素反応工程
この酵素反応工程は、骨抜き半身魚身(各骨跡凹部内)に充填した補充身中のタンパク質架橋酵素を所定時間だけ反応させて魚身と補充身(微細身)とを結着させるものである。尚、この酵素反応工程は、補充身つき半身魚身を裏返しにし(魚身の面を下にして)、上(皮側)から半身魚身を軽くつまんで補充身を魚身に十分に接合させた状態で行うとよい。
【0029】
そして、タンパク質架橋酵素が酵素反応を起こすと、該タンパク質架橋酵素に接する補充身の微細身と骨跡凹部の魚身とのタンパク質同士を結合させ、時間の経過とともに該微細身と骨跡凹部の魚身とが結着されていくが、反応時間が長くなるほど、魚身同士の結着度合いが強くなる。骨跡凹部に補充身の代わりにタンパク質架橋酵素のみを付着させている部分がある場合には、該骨跡凹部の魚身同士がタンパク質架橋酵素により直接結着される。尚、この酵素反応工程は、例えば室温(例えば18℃程度)にて40〜45分間程度行うとよい。
【0030】
(5) 凍結保存工程
この凍結保存工程は、上記酵素反応工程の終了後に補充身つき半身魚身を急速凍結して低温(例えば−18℃以下)で保存するものである。
【0031】
補充身に含まれるタンパク質架橋酵素(トランスグルタミナーゼ)は、−18℃以下の低温で活性が停止する性質があり、補充身つき半身魚身を凍結保存している間はタンパク質架橋酵素による結着作用は進行しない。
【0032】
本願請求項4の加工方法(上記(1)〜(5)の各工程)を行えば、各骨跡凹部内に補充身を充填した冷凍骨抜き魚身に加工できる。そして、この冷凍骨抜き魚身は、喫食のために加熱調理をするまでは冷凍庫で凍結保存し、調理前に半解凍して所定大きさに切断して、目的に応じた加熱調理(例えば「煮る」「フライにする」「焼く」等)をする。
【0033】
本願請求項5の発明
本願請求項5の発明は、上記請求項4の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法において、酵素反応工程の終了後に、補充身つき半身魚身を半凍結状態にする半凍結工程と、その半凍結した補充身つき半身魚身を所定大きさの切り身魚身に切断する切断工程とを行った後に、凍結保存するようにしている。尚、ここでいう半凍結状態とは、魚身に包丁が入る程度の凍結状態のことである。
【0034】
上記切断工程において補充身つき半身魚身を所定大きさの切り身魚身に切断する場合、補充身つきの半身魚身の品温が高い状態(例えば品温が室温程度で身が柔らかい状態)で切断すると、補充身がバラけ易くなる(補充身が魚身から分離する)が、補充身つき半身魚身を半凍結状態にしておくと、補充身が魚身に固く結合した状態を維持し、その半凍結状態で補充身つき半身魚身を切断すると補充身がバラけることがない。
【0035】
尚、この請求項5の半凍結工程は、酵素反応工程を終えた室温程度の補充身つき半身魚身を半凍結状態まで凍結する場合と、一旦完全凍結させた状態から半凍結状態まで解凍する場合の2通りがある。
【0036】
本願請求項6の発明
本願請求項6の発明は、上記請求項4又は5の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法において、凍結保存する前に、凍結状態の骨抜き魚身に所定量の水を付着させるグレーズがけ工程を行うものである。
【0037】
このように、凍結状態の骨抜き魚身に水を付着させると、その水が氷となって補充身つき半身魚身の外表面を被覆するようになり、凍結保存状態で補充身つき半身魚身からの水分の放出を阻止できる。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本願各発明は、それぞれ次のような効果がある。
【0039】
本願請求項1の発明の効果
本願請求項1の発明の冷凍骨抜き魚身は、原形魚を三枚におろした半身魚身から腹骨及び縦骨を除去した骨抜き半身魚身における縦骨を除去した骨跡凹部内に、同種魚の微細身にタンパク質架橋酵素(トランスグルタミナーゼ)を混合した補充身を充填して、タンパク質架橋酵素により補充身を骨抜き半身魚身に結着させた状態で凍結している。
【0040】
従って、この請求項1の冷凍骨抜き魚身は、縦骨を除去したものであっても、その骨跡凹部内に補充身を充填しているので、見映えがよくなる。又、補充身は、タンパク質架橋酵素により骨跡凹部内で魚身と適度に結着しているので、調理時や喫食時に補充身がバラつかない。さらに、該骨跡凹部内は、補充身で結着されているので、縦骨除去により骨跡凹部のある魚身であっても該魚身が崩れにくくなる、等の効果がある。
【0041】
本願請求項2の発明の効果
本願請求項2の発明は、上記請求項1の冷凍骨抜き魚身において、骨抜き半身魚身における腹骨を除去した部分にも補充身を充填している。
【0042】
このように、腹骨除去部分に補充身を充填すると、上記請求項1の効果に加えて、該腹部のボリュームを補充身で確保できるとともに、腹骨除去状態で腹部が見苦しくなっていても、該補充身できれいに補修できるという効果がある。
【0043】
本願請求項3の発明の効果
本願請求項3の発明は、上記請求項1又は2の冷凍骨抜き魚身において、補充身つき半身魚身を所定大きさの切り身魚身に切断した状態で凍結している。
【0044】
この請求項3のように、補充身つき半身魚身を予め所定大きさの切り身魚身に切断した状態で凍結しておくと、上記請求項1又は2の効果に加えて、切断のための解凍(又は半解凍)時間が不要となり、そのまま(凍結状態のまま)目的に応じた加熱調理をすることができるという効果がある。
【0045】
本願請求項4の発明の効果
本願請求項4の発明の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法は、原形魚を三枚におろし(三枚おろし工程)、その各半身魚身から腹骨及び縦骨を除去し(腹骨・縦骨除去工程)、その骨抜き半身魚身における縦骨を除去した骨跡凹部内に、微細身にタンパク質架橋酵素(トランスグルタミナーゼ)を混合した補充身を充填し(補充身充填工程)、タンパク質架橋酵素を所定時間だけ反応させて補充身を骨抜き半身魚身に結着させ(酵素反応工程)、その酵素反応終了後に補充身つき半身魚身を凍結状態で保存する(凍結保存工程)、という各工程を行うことで、冷凍骨抜き魚身に加工するようにしている。
【0046】
従って、この請求項4の発明では、上記請求項1の冷凍骨抜き魚身に容易に加工できる。尚、この請求項4の加工方法で加工された冷凍骨抜き魚身は、縦骨を除去した骨跡凹部内に補充身を充填しているので、見映えがよくなり、タンパク質架橋酵素により補充身が骨跡凹部内で魚身と適度に結着しているので、調理時や喫食時に補充身がバラつかず、縦骨除去により骨跡凹部のある魚身であってもそこに補充身が結着しているので魚身が身割れしにくく(崩れにくく)なる、等の効果がある。
【0047】
本願請求項5の発明の効果
本願請求項5の発明は、上記請求項4の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法において、酵素反応工程の終了後に、補充身つき半身魚身を半凍結状態まで凍結し(半凍結工程)、その半凍結した補充身つき半身魚身を所定大きさの切り身魚身に切断(切断工程)した後に、凍結保存するようにしている。
【0048】
この請求項5のように、補充身つき半身魚身を半凍結状態で切断すると、補充身が魚身に固く結合した状態を維持しているので、補充身がバラける(補充身が魚身から分離する)ことがなくなる。従って、この請求項5の発明では、上記請求項4の効果に加えて、切断作業が容易となり且つきれいに切断できるという効果がある。又、このように、予め所定大きさの切り身魚身に切断しておくと、調理前に切断のために解凍(半解凍)させる手間が不要となり、凍結状態のままで直接加熱調理することができるという効果もある。
【0049】
本願請求項6の発明の効果
本願請求項6の発明は、上記請求項4又は5の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法において、凍結保存する前に、凍結状態の骨抜き魚身に所定量の水を付着させるグレーズがけ工程を行っている。
【0050】
このように、凍結状態の骨抜き魚身に水を付着させると、その水が氷となって補充身つき半身魚身の外周全面を被覆するようになり、上記請求項4又は5の効果に加えて、凍結保存状態において補充身つき半身魚身の冷凍乾燥(いわゆる冷凍焼け)を防止できるという効果がある。
【0051】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1〜図4を参照して本願実施形態を説明すると、図1は本願第1実施形態の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法の工程図を示し、図2は本願第2実施形態の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法の工程図を示している。又、図3は、第1実施形態と第2実施形態に共通するものであって、対象魚としてサバを採用した場合の加工工程図を示し、図4は、図3(D)に示す骨抜き魚身の拡大断面図を示している。
【0052】
第1実施形態
図1に示す第1実施形態は、最終の加工形態として、原形魚1から半身魚身状態の冷凍骨抜き魚身7に加工するものである。そして、この第1実施形態の加工方法では、生の原形魚1に対して、三枚おろし工程21、腹骨・縦骨除去工程22、補充身充填工程23、酵素反応工程24、凍結工程25、液体付着工程26、凍結保存工程27を順次行うものである。以下、上記各工程21〜27について図3及び図4を併用しながら説明する。尚、原形魚1は、大量購入して冷凍保存しておき、加工予定数量に見合う数量づつチルドルームで半解凍させながら使用する。
【0053】
三枚おろし工程21
この三枚おろし工程21では、図3(A)に示す原形魚(サバ)1を三枚におろして、図3(B)に示すように左右両身(各半身魚身)2,2を中骨から分離させる。即ち、原形魚1の頭部及び尾部を切除し、内臓を除去した状態で、左右両身をそれぞれ中骨に沿って分離させる。このとき半身魚身2,2に胸ヒレが残っている場合には、該胸ヒレも切除する。尚、鱗のある魚では、原形魚1の状態で該鱗を除去する。
【0054】
この三枚おろし工程21は、原形魚1を半解凍状態(内臓が凍っている状態)で行うとよい。このように、原形魚1を半解凍させたものでは、魚身に適度の固さ(保形性)があり、魚身が崩れにくくなって包丁作業がし易くなる。
【0055】
図3(B)に示すように、三枚おろしにした各半身魚身2,2には、腹骨11及び多数の縦骨12,12・・が残っている。縦骨12は、サバの場合、半身魚身2の上下中央部分において魚身の長さ方向に間隔をもって15本程度あり、魚身の身側面から魚身厚さ方向に向けてかなりの深さまで埋まっている。
【0056】
腹骨・縦骨除去工程22
この腹骨・縦骨除去工程22は、図3(B)の各半身魚身2,2から腹骨11及び各縦骨12,12・・を除去して、図3(C)の骨抜き半身魚身3に加工するものである。
【0057】
腹骨11は、包丁で削ぎ落とすが、この腹骨11には若干の身(魚肉)がついたまま除去されるので、その分、半身魚身2の腹部のボリュームが減少するようになる。
【0058】
各縦骨12,12・・は、毛抜き等で1本づつ抜き取る。この縦骨除去時には、図3(B)に示すように、各縦骨12,12・・に沿って包丁で1本の切り目線13を入れておくと、該縦骨12の除去作業が容易となる。
【0059】
ところで、縦骨12は、半身魚身2の長さ方向のほぼ全長に亘って多数本(サバでは15本程度)あり、且つ魚身のかなりの深さまで埋まっており、しかも生の魚身では縦骨12の回りに身が強固に結着している。従って、各縦骨12,12・・を抜き取ると該縦骨12に少量の身が付着したまま引き抜かれ、そこにかなり大きな骨跡凹部14,14・・(図3(C)参照)ができる。そして、該骨跡凹部14,14・・がこのままであると、魚身の見映えが悪くなるとともに、該魚身が身割れし易く(崩れ易く)なる。尚、縦骨12を除去した各骨跡凹部14,14・・は、大きく身割れしたものや小さな小孔程度のもの等の大小さまざまである。
【0060】
補充身充填工程23
この補充身充填工程23では、図3(C)に示す骨抜き半身魚身3における縦骨を除去した各骨跡凹部14,14・・内及び腹骨を除去した腹骨除去部15上に、それぞれ同種魚の微細身にタンパク質架橋酵素を混合した補充身4,4を充填する(図3(D)の補充身つき半身魚身5の状態となる)。
【0061】
補充身4となる微細身には、同種魚の落とし身を用い、ミジン切り状あるいはペースト状にしたものが使用される。タンパク質架橋酵素としては、例えば味の素(株)社製の商品名「アクティバ」(粉末状で、トランスグルタミナーゼを主成分とする)を使用できる。この「アクティバ」(トランスグルタミナーゼ)は、概ね室温から50℃の範囲で高い活性を示し、−18℃以下の低温では活性が停止し、75℃で5分以内に失活する性質がある。
【0062】
この補充身4は、微細身に対してタンパク質架橋酵素(上記「アクティバ」)を重量比で0.4%程度均一に混合したものを使用する。この微細身とタンパク質架橋酵素との混合比(0.4%程度)は、特に限定するものではなく、タンパク質架橋酵素を活性させる環境(例えば反応させる雰囲気温度、反応させる時間等)や目的とする結着強度等によって、適当な範囲に設定できる。尚、本願実施形態で用いた「アクティバ」は、0.2gで酵素量にして10ユニット程度に相当する。
【0063】
この微細身に対するタンパク質架橋酵素の混合時期は、上記三枚おろし工程21あるいは腹骨・縦骨除去工程22と並行して行う。即ち、タンパク質架橋酵素は微細身に混合させた時点から、タンパク質結着作用が始まり、早くから補充身4(微細身とタンパク質架橋酵素との混合物)を作り置きしておくと、酵素による結着作用が進行して微細身同士のみが固く結着してしまうので、微細身に対するタンパク質架橋酵素の混合時期は、補充身4を骨抜き半身魚身3に充填する直前(例えば数分程度前)に行うのが好ましい。
【0064】
この補充身充填工程23では、タンパク質架橋酵素を補充身4に混合したものとは別に、骨抜き半身魚身3における補充身4を充填すべき部分(各骨跡凹部14,14・・及び腹骨除去部分15)に適宜微量づつ付着させておいてもよい。又、補充身4は、全部の骨跡凹部14,14・・内に充填してもよいが、骨跡凹部が小さいものでは、補充身(微細身)4の代わりにタンパク質架橋酵素のみを付着させるだけでもよい。
【0065】
そして、この補充身充填工程23では、図3(C)における各骨跡凹部14,14・・内に補充身4を充填する(詰め込む)とともに、腹骨除去部分15上にも必要に応じて補充身4を適宜小厚さだけ均して載せる。尚、各骨跡凹部14,14・・部分に包丁による切り目線13を入れているものでは、該切り目線13によって魚身に形成される細溝部分にも補充身4を充填するとよい。この場合、各骨跡凹部14,14・・部分への補充身4の充填形状は、図3(D)に示すように連続する帯状になる。
【0066】
酵素反応工程24
この酵素反応工程24では、骨抜き半身魚身3の各骨跡凹部14,14・・及び腹骨除去部分15に充填した補充身4中のタンパク質架橋酵素を所定時間だけ反応させて魚身3と補充身4とを結着させる。
【0067】
この酵素反応工程24は、例えば室温(例えば18℃程度)にて40〜45分間程度行うとよい。この酵素反応工程24では、骨抜き半身魚身3の品温が酵素高活性温度域(例えば室温)に近い温度まで上昇していることが望ましいが、品温が低い場合は反応時間を延長するなどの調整をする。
【0068】
そして、タンパク質架橋酵素が酵素反応を起こすと、該タンパク質架橋酵素に接する補充身4の微細身と骨抜き半身魚身3とのタンパク質同士を結合させ、時間の経過とともに該微細身と各骨跡凹部14,14・・及び腹骨除去部分15の各魚身とが順次結着されていくが、反応時間が長くなるほど、魚身同士の結着度合いが強くなる。尚、骨跡凹部14内にタンパク質架橋酵素のみを付着させた部分では、該骨跡凹部14の魚身同士が結着されて小孔が塞がれる。
【0069】
凍結工程25
この凍結工程25は、次のグレーズがけ工程26において、補充身つき半身魚身5の外表面に付着させる水を凍結させるためのもので、酵素反応工程24を終了した補充身つき半身魚身5を急速凍結する。この凍結工程25では、例えば−35℃〜−40℃で約45分間急速凍結し、補充身つき半身魚身5の品温が−18℃以下になるまで冷却する。尚、このように、補充身つき半身魚身5を−18℃以下まで凍結すると、補充身中のタンパク質架橋酵素(トランスグルタミナーゼ)の酵素反応は停止し、補充身つき半身魚身5が凍結状態にある間は、その以上、酵素による固化の進行は起こらない。
【0070】
グレーズがけ工程26
このグレーズがけ工程26は、凍結状態の骨抜き魚身(第1実施形態では補充身つき半身魚身5)に所定量の水を付着させるものである。
【0071】
このように、凍結状態の補充身つき半身魚身5に水を付着させると、その水が氷となって補充身つき半身魚身5の外周全面を被覆するようになり、凍結保存状態において補充身つき半身魚身5の冷凍乾燥を防止できる。
【0072】
凍結保存工程2
この凍結保存工程27は、上記グレーズがけ工程26に続いて、そのまま低温(例えば−18℃以下)で保存するものである。尚、この凍結保存工程27では、冷凍骨抜き魚身(半身魚身)7を1袋に所定個数だけ重ならないように収容し、且つ真空包装した状態で凍結保存するとよい。
【0073】
図1に示す実施形態の加工方法で加工された冷凍骨抜き魚身7は、図3(D)の補充身つき半身魚身の状態で凍結保存している。そして、この冷凍骨抜き魚身7は、喫食のために加熱調理をするまでは冷凍庫で凍結保存し、調理前に包丁が入る半解凍状態まで解凍し、所定大きさの切り身魚身(例えば図3(E)の符号6の状態)に切断した後、目的に応じた加熱調理(例えば「煮る」「フライにする」「焼く」等の調理)で食することができる。この場合、魚身から骨を除去しているので、食するときの口触りが良好でおいしく食べられる。
【0074】
この冷凍骨抜き魚身7は、各縦骨12,12・・を除去していることにより、本来なら各骨跡凹部14,14・・があることで見映えが悪くなるが、該各骨跡凹部14,14・・内に補充身4を充填しているので、補充身4で各骨跡凹部14,14・・が見えなくなり、縦骨12を除去したものであっても骨跡凹部14による見映えが悪くならない。又、各縦骨12,12・・を除去する(抜き取る)と、そこにかなり大きに骨跡凹部14ができて身割れしたり魚身全体の保形性が悪くなる(身が崩れ易い)が、この補充身4には、タンパク質架橋酵素を混合しているので、各骨跡凹部14,14・・の魚身と補充身4とが適度に結着しており、魚身全体の保形性が良好となる。
【0075】
又、この第1実施形態では、腹骨除去部分15にも補充身4を充填しているので、腹骨11を削ぎ落とした部分の魚身が補充されており、該腹骨除去部分15のボリュームが確保されている。従って、腹骨除去部分15(通常は魚身が薄くて食感が良くない)もおいしく食べられる。尚、この腹骨除去部分15の補充身4も該腹骨除去部分15の魚身に適度に結着しており、該補充身4が簡単に剥がれない。
【0076】
第2実施形態
図2に示す第2実施形態は、最終の加工形態として、原形魚1から所定大きさの切り身魚身状態の冷凍骨抜き魚身7に加工するものである。そして、この第2実施形態の加工方法では、生の原形魚1に対して、三枚おろし工程21、腹骨・縦骨除去工程22、補充身充填工程23、酵素反応工程24、半凍結工程28、切断工程29、凍結工程30、グレーズがけ工程31、凍結保存工程32を順次行うものである。尚、図2に示す第2実施形態の各工程のうち、三枚おろし工程21、腹骨・縦骨除去工程22、補充身充填工程23、酵素反応工程24、凍結工程30(図1の凍結工程25に相当する)、グレーズがけ工程31(図1のグレーズがけ工程26に相当する)、凍結保存工程32(図1の凍結保存工程27に相当する)は、それぞれ図1の第1実施形態のものと同じなので、それらの工程については第1実施形態の説明を援用する。
【0077】
この第2実施形態では、酵素反応工程24の終了後に、図3(D)の補充身つき半身魚身5を半凍結状態まで凍結させ、その半凍結状態で補充身つき半身魚身5を図3(E)に示すように所定大きさの切り身魚身6に切断する。尚、ここでいう半凍結状態とは、魚身に包丁が入る程度の凍結状態のことである。
【0078】
このように、補充身つき半身魚身5を切り身魚身6に切断する前に半凍結させる理由は、次の通りである。即ち、補充身つきの半身魚身5の品温が高い状態(例えば品温が室温程度で身が柔らかい状態)では、補充身4がタンパク質架橋酵素により適度に結着していても、その結着力はさほど強力ではなく(あまり強力に結着させると固くなって食感が悪くなる)、従って補充身つき半身魚身5が柔らかい状態で切断すると、補充身4がバラけ易くなる(補充身が魚身から分離する)。ところが、補充身つき半身魚身5を半凍結状態にしておくと、補充身4が魚身に固く結合した状態を維持し、その半凍結状態で補充身つき半身魚身5を切断すると補充身4がバラけることがなく、きれいに切断することができる(補充身4の屑が出ない)。
【0079】
尚、この第2実施形態の半凍結工程28は、酵素反応工程24を終えた室温程度の補充身つき半身魚身5を半凍結状態まで凍結する場合と、一旦完全凍結させた状態から半凍結状態まで解凍する場合の2通りがある。
【0080】
そして、この第2実施形態では、切断工程29を終えた各切り身魚身6を凍結し(凍結工程30)、その凍結状態の切り身魚身6に水を付着(瞬時に氷になる)させて該切り身魚身6の外表面を氷で被覆し(グレーズがけ工程31)、その状態で凍結保存する(凍結保存工程32)。尚、このようにして加工された冷凍骨抜き魚身(切り身魚身)8は、1袋に所定個数だけ重ならないように収容し、且つ真空包装した状態で凍結保存するとよい。
【0081】
このように、予め所定大きさの切り身魚身6に切断した状態で凍結しておくと、調理前に切断のために解凍(半解凍)させる手間が不要となり、凍結状態のままで直接加熱調理(例えば「煮る」「フライにする」「焼く」等の調理)をすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本願第1実施形態の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法の工程ブロック図である。
【図2】本願第2実施形態の冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法の工程ブロック図である。
【図3】本願の第1及び第2実施形態に共通する冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法の一部工程図である。
【図4】図3(D)のIV−IV拡大断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1は原形魚、2は開き身、3は骨抜き半身魚身、4は補充身、5は補充身つき半身魚身、6は切り身魚身、7は冷凍骨抜き魚身(半身魚身)、8は冷凍骨抜き魚身(切り身魚身)、11は腹骨、12は縦骨、13は切り目線、14は骨跡凹部、15は腹骨除去部分、21は三枚おろし工程、22は腹骨・縦骨除去工程、23は補充身充填工程、24は酵素反応工程、25は凍結工程、26はグレーズがけ工程、27は凍結保存工程、28は半凍結工程、29は切断工程、30は凍結工程、31はグレーズがけ工程、32は凍結保存工程である。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a frozen boned fish that has been frozen from a bone-free state and a processing method thereof.
[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED
For example, fish such as mackerel and sawara are usually sold as fillets at fish shops (or supermarkets), but the left and right bodies are separated from the central bones. However, many small bones remain in the fish. That is, even in the case of three pieces of fish, the abdomen has abdominal bones, and many short vertical bones remain in the upper and lower central portions of the fish. The vertical bones are about 15 in the length direction of the fish with a gap, and are buried to a considerable depth in the thickness direction from the fish side.
[0003]
And in the case of cooking fish with bone left in this way, it is troublesome to remove the bone from the body at the time of eating (before putting it in the mouth), and when bone enters the mouth The work of making the texture worse and taking out the bone from the mouth was troublesome. In particular, since the vertical bone is short and small, it is very troublesome to separate the bone from the body and take it out in the mouth. In this way, even with three pieces of fish, it is difficult to eat if there are bones left, and fish with bones tended to be avoided in ordinary households.
[0004]
By the way, it is possible to sell in a state in which bones such as abdominal bones and longitudinal bones are removed from three pieces of fish. That is, it is possible to provide fish with the bones removed by scraping the abdominal bones with a knife and removing the longitudinal bones one by one with tweezers.
[0005]
However, there are about 15 vertical bones over the entire length of the half-fish that has been dropped into three pieces, and it is buried to a considerable depth of the fish. Since the body is firmly bound to each other, if each longitudinal bone is pulled out, there will be a considerably large bone recess, and the appearance of the fish will deteriorate, and the fish will tend to collapse. There is.
[0006]
In view of the above problems, the present invention is able to eat boneless fish when eating after cooking by lowering three pieces and removing the abdominal bones and vertical bones, etc. to make bone-free fish. Even if the fish body has been removed, filling the bone-recessed part with the protein bone binding function into the bone-recessed portion from which the vertical bone has been removed has a good appearance and good shape-retaining properties No) It aims to provide frozen boned fish and its processing method.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has the following configuration as means for solving the above problems. Note that the present invention is directed to a frozen boned fish body obtained by dropping three original fish and removing bones, and a processing method thereof. The invention of the present application is not particularly limited, but is suitable for fish species such as mackerel and sawara, which have a vertical bone in the fish body, and are easily broken when the vertical bone is removed.
[0008]
Invention of Claim 1 of this application
The invention of claim 1 is directed to frozen boned fish. Further, the frozen boned fish of the invention of claim 1 is processed into a boned half-fish body obtained by removing abdominal bones and longitudinal bones from half-body fish obtained by dropping three original fish. In addition, there are about 15 vertical bones with an interval over almost the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the half-fish body, and a bone mark concave portion having a considerably deep depth is formed in a portion where each vertical bone is removed. Become. In addition, each remnant recess from which the longitudinal bone has been removed varies in size from a state in which it is largely broken to a small hole.
[0009]
The frozen bone-free fish body of claim 1 has a protein cross-linking enzyme consisting of transglutaminase alone or a mixture containing transglutaminase in a fine fish of the same species in the bone-recessed portion from which the vertical bones are removed from the half-bone fish. Filled with mixed supplements.
[0010]
As the supplementary meat, the same-type fish dropout is used, which is cut into a medium or pasted.
[0011]
The protein cross-linking enzyme may be a transglutaminase alone or a mixture of transglutaminase and, for example, caseins. This transglutaminase serves as a catalyst for causing a reaction for binding a γ-carboxylamido group of a glutamine residue in a protein to an ε-amino group, and as a result, an enzyme having a function of binding a protein. Transglutaminase has a high activity generally in the range of room temperature to 50 ° C., has a property of stopping at a low temperature of −18 ° C. or less, and inactivating within 75 minutes at 75 ° C. In the present application, for example, trade name “Activa” manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc. can be used as the protein cross-linking enzyme.
[0012]
And the supplement body uses what mixed the said fine body and the said protein cross-linking enzyme by appropriate amount. This supplement may be filled in all the bone recesses, but if the bone recess is small, only the protein cross-linking enzyme may be attached instead of the supplement (fine). In addition, this supplement may be continued in a state where the thickness is raised slightly in a band shape in the direction in which the bone scar recesses are arranged.
[0013]
In this way, if a bone-filled half-fish fillet is filled with a replenisher mixed with a protein cross-linking enzyme, the protein cross-linking enzyme reacts with the protein to bind the fine body and the protein in the bone crevice. It becomes like this. Therefore, in the frozen bone-free fish body of claim 1 of the present application, the fish body and the fine body of the bone-recessed portion from which the vertical bone has been removed are integrated by the binding action by the protein cross-linking enzyme.
[0014]
And the frozen bone-free fish of Claim 1 of this application is frozen in the state which made the supplement body bind | conclude the bone-removed half body fish body (in each bone scar recessed part) with the said protein cross-linking enzyme.
[0015]
In the frozen bone-free fish of claim 1, the protein cross-linking enzyme (transglutaminase) is not inactivated, but the enzymatic reaction is not caused by storing the bone-free half-fish in a frozen state (for example, −18 ° C. or lower). It has stopped, and solidification of the fish by a protein cross-linking enzyme does not advance unless the temperature of this water-removed half body fish rises to the enzyme activity temperature range. This frozen storage state is continued not only while the product (frozen watered fish) is being stored in the warehouse, but also when it is displayed as a product and until the consumer purchases it for cooking ( Store frozen in freezer). Then, before cooking, thaw to half-thaw state, cut the supplemented half-fish into a predetermined size according to the purpose of cooking, and cook (for example, “boil”, “fry”, “bake”, etc.) To do.
[0016]
Invention of Claim 2 of this application
In the invention of claim 2 of the present application, in the frozen boned fish body of claim 1 above, the supplementary body is also filled in the portion where the abdominal bone has been removed from the boned half body fish body.
[0017]
When the abdominal bone is removed from the half-fish, some of the fish is cut off along with the abdominal bone, and the volume of the abdominal fish is reduced, and when it cannot be cut off cleanly, it looks bad. Filling the abdominal bone removed portion with a supplement (specifically, thinly adhering the supplement) makes it possible to secure the volume of the abdomen and to repair the appearance cleanly. The abdominal bone-removal supplement is also bound to the abdominal fish by the protein cross-linking enzyme and does not easily peel off.
[0018]
Invention of Claim 3 of the present application
The invention of claim 3 of the present application is the frozen bone-free fish of claim 1 or 2, wherein the supplemented half-fish is a predetermined size that is made by binding the supplement to the bone-free half-fish (in each bone scar recess). Frozen fish that have been cut into pieces.
[0019]
In this way, when the supplementary half-fish is cut in advance into a fillet of a predetermined size, cooking can be performed according to the purpose.
[0020]
Invention of Claim 4 of this application
The invention of claim 4 of the present application is directed to a method for processing frozen boned fish. And the processing method of the frozen boned fish body of Claim 4 of this application is characterized by performing each process of following (1)-(5) sequentially.
[0021]
(1) Three-sheet lowering process
This three-sheet lowering process separates the left and right body of the original fish from the middle bone. That is, the head and tail of the original fish are excised, and the left and right bodies are separated along the middle bone with the internal organs removed. At this time, if the chest fin remains in the half body fish, the chest fin is also excised. In the case of fish with scales, the scales are removed in the state of the original fish. In addition, it is good to perform this 3 sheet | seat lowering process in a semi-thawed state (state where the internal organs are frozen).
[0022]
In each of the half-fish pieces thus dropped into three pieces, abdominal bones and a number of longitudinal bones remain. In the case of mackerel, there are about 15 vertical bones at intervals in the length direction of the fish body in the upper and lower middle parts of the fish body, and a considerable amount from the fish body side toward the fish thickness direction. Buried to the depth.
[0023]
(2) Abdominal and longitudinal bone removal process
This abdominal bone / longitudinal bone removing step is to remove the abdominal bone and each longitudinal bone from each half-fish body. The abdominal bone is shaved off with a knife, and each longitudinal bone is removed one by one by tweezers. It should be noted that, when removing the longitudinal bone, if a single score line is made along each longitudinal bone with a knife, the longitudinal bone can be easily removed, but this score line can be entered as necessary. .
[0024]
By the way, there are many vertical bones (about 15 in mackerel) along the entire length of the half-fish, and it is buried to a considerable depth of the fish. The body is tightly bound around me. Therefore, when a longitudinal bone is extracted, a small amount of body is attached to the longitudinal bone, and a considerably large bone recess may be formed in the remaining portion. As described above, when a large number of bone mark recesses are formed in the fish body, the appearance of the fish body is deteriorated and the fish body is easily broken and broken.
[0025]
(3) Replenishment filling process
In this replenishing body filling step, replenishing material in which protein cross-linking enzyme is mixed with the fine fish of the same species is filled in each of the bone-recessed concave portions from which the vertical bone has been removed from the bone-free half-body fish. Further, in this refill body filling step, the refill body may be filled in the portion of the bone-free half-fish body from which the abdominal bone has been removed.
[0026]
The fine body and protein cross-linking enzyme constituting the supplement are used respectively as described in claim 1. In addition, the production of the supplement, that is, the mixing operation of the fine body and the protein cross-linking enzyme is performed in parallel with the above-described three-sheet lowering operation or the abdominal / longitudinal bone removing operation. The mixing ratio of the protein cross-linking enzyme with respect to the minute body can be set in an appropriate range depending on the environment in which the protein cross-linking enzyme is activated (for example, the atmosphere temperature to be reacted, the reaction time, etc.), the intended binding strength, and the like.
[0027]
In this refilling filling step, the replenished body made by mixing the protein cross-linking enzyme and the fine body is filled into the bone-recessed portion of the boneless half-fish body, and the cut line is cut along each vertical bone when the longitudinal bone is removed. In the case of putting the refill body into the narrow groove formed by the cut line. In this case, the supplementary filling portion is continuous in a band shape. The supplement may be filled in all the bone recesses, but if the bone recess is small, only the protein cross-linking enzyme may be attached instead of the supplement (fine).
[0028]
(4) Enzyme reaction process
In this enzyme reaction process, the protein cross-linking enzyme in the supplemented body filled in the bone-free half-body fish (in each bone recess recess) is reacted for a predetermined time to bind the fish and supplement (fine). is there. In this enzyme reaction process, the supplementary half-fish is turned upside down (fish side down), and the half-fish is lightly pinched from the top (skin side) to fully join the supplement to the fish. It is good to carry out in the state made to do.
[0029]
Then, when the protein cross-linking enzyme causes an enzyme reaction, the protein of the supplementary fine body that contacts the protein cross-linking enzyme and the fish of the bone-recessed concave part are bound to each other. Fish are bound, but the longer the reaction time, the stronger the degree of binding between the fish. When there is a part where only the protein cross-linking enzyme is attached to the bone scar recess instead of the supplement, the fish in the bone scar recess are directly bound by the protein cross-linking enzyme. In addition, it is good to perform this enzyme reaction process for about 40 to 45 minutes, for example at room temperature (for example, about 18 degreeC).
[0030]
(5) Cryopreservation process
In this cryopreservation step, the supplemented half-fish is rapidly frozen and stored at a low temperature (for example, −18 ° C. or lower) after completion of the enzyme reaction step.
[0031]
The protein cross-linking enzyme (transglutaminase) contained in the supplement has the property that its activity stops at a low temperature of −18 ° C. or lower, and the binding action of the protein cross-linking enzyme during freezing preservation of the half-body fish with supplement. Does not progress.
[0032]
If the processing method according to claim 4 of the present application (each step (1) to (5) above) is performed, it can be processed into a frozen bone-free fish filled with supplementary meat in each bone scar recess. The frozen watered fish meat is frozen and stored in a freezer until cooked for eating, half-thawed before cooking, cut into a predetermined size, and cooked according to the purpose (for example, “boiled” ”“ Fry ”,“ Bake ”, etc.).
[0033]
Invention of Claim 5 of this application
The invention of claim 5 of the present application is the method of processing the frozen bone-free fish according to claim 4, wherein after the completion of the enzyme reaction step, the half-freezing step of bringing the supplemented half-fish into a semi-frozen state; After performing the cutting step of cutting the supplemented half-fish into sliced fish of a predetermined size, it is stored frozen. Here, the semi-frozen state is a frozen state in which a knife is inserted into the fish.
[0034]
In the above cutting process, when cutting supplementary half-fish into sliced fish of a certain size, cut the supplementary half-fish with a high temperature (for example, the product is at room temperature and soft) Then, the supplement will be easily broken (the supplement will separate from the fish), but if the half fish with supplement is semi-frozen, the supplement will remain tightly coupled to the fish, In the semi-frozen state, cutting the half-fish with supplement will not break the supplement.
[0035]
The semi-freezing process of claim 5 includes a case where the half-frozen fish with a supplement temperature of about room temperature after completion of the enzyme reaction process is frozen to a semi-frozen state, and a thawed state from a completely frozen state to a semi-frozen state. There are two cases.
[0036]
Invention of Claim 6 of this application
The invention of claim 6 of the present application is the method for processing a frozen boned fish according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a glazing step for attaching a predetermined amount of water to the frozen boned fish before freezing is performed. It is.
[0037]
In this way, when water is attached to a frozen bone-free fish body, the water becomes ice and covers the outer surface of the supplemented half-body fish body, and the supplemented half-body fish body in the cryopreserved state. The release of moisture from the water can be prevented.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
Each invention of the present application has the following effects.
[0039]
Effects of the invention of claim 1 of the present application
The frozen boned fish of the present invention of claim 1 is the same species in the bone-recessed portion in which the vertical bones are removed from the half-bodied fish from which the abdomen and longitudinal bones are removed from the half-bodied fish that has three original shaped fish. The fish is filled with a supplement made by mixing a protein cross-linking enzyme (transglutaminase) and frozen in a state where the supplement is bound to a watered half-fish by the protein cross-linking enzyme.
[0040]
Therefore, even if the frozen boned fish body of claim 1 has the vertical bone removed, the supplementary body is filled in the bone scar recess, so that the appearance is improved. Moreover, since the supplement is appropriately bound to the fish in the bone scar recess by the protein cross-linking enzyme, the supplement does not vary during cooking or eating. Furthermore, since the inside of the bone scar concave portion is bound with supplementary meat, there is an effect that even if the fish has a bone scar concave portion due to removal of the longitudinal bone, the fish meat is not easily collapsed.
[0041]
Effects of the invention of claim 2 of the present application
According to the invention of claim 2 of the present application, in the frozen boned fish of claim 1, the portion of the boned half-fish that has the abdominal bone removed is also filled with supplementary meat.
[0042]
In this way, when filling the abdominal bone removal part with the supplementary body, in addition to the effect of claim 1 above, the volume of the abdomen can be secured with the supplementary body, and even if the abdominal part is unsightly in the abdominal bone removal state, There is an effect that the supplement can be repaired cleanly.
[0043]
Effects of the invention of claim 3 of the present application
In the invention of claim 3 of the present application, in the frozen boned fish of claim 1 or 2, the half-fish fish with supplementary meat is frozen in a state of being cut into a fillet fish of a predetermined size.
[0044]
In addition to the effect of claim 1 or 2, in addition to the effect of claim 1 or 2, when the supplementary half-fish is frozen in a state of being cut into slices of a predetermined size in advance, There is no need for thawing (or half-thawing) time, and there is an effect that cooking can be performed according to the purpose as it is (in a frozen state).
[0045]
Effects of the invention of claim 4 of the present application
The processing method of the frozen bone-free fish meat of the invention of claim 4 of the present application is that the original shape fish is dropped into three pieces (three pieces lowering process), and the abdominal bones and longitudinal bones are removed from each half-body fish pieces (abdominal bones and longitudinal bones) The removal process), the bone-recessed portion from which the vertical bone in the bone-free half-body fish has been removed is filled with a supplement containing a mixture of protein cross-linking enzyme (transglutaminase) finely (supplement filling step), and the protein cross-linking enzyme Each process of reacting only for a predetermined time to bind the supplementary body to the watered half-fish body (enzyme reaction process), and storing the half-fish body with supplementary body in a frozen state after the completion of the enzyme reaction (freezing preservation process) By doing so, it is processed into frozen boned fish.
[0046]
Therefore, in the invention of claim 4, it can be easily processed into the frozen boned fish of claim 1. In addition, the frozen boned fish processed by the processing method of claim 4 is filled with supplementary meat in the bone recesses from which the vertical bones have been removed, so that the appearance is improved and the supplementary meat is supplemented by protein cross-linking enzymes. Is moderately bound to the fish in the bone scar recess, so the supplement does not vary during cooking or eating, and even if the fish has a bone scar recess due to vertical bone removal, Since it is bound, there is an effect that the fish body is hard to break (hard to collapse).
[0047]
Effects of the invention of claim 5 of the present application
The invention of claim 5 of the present application is the method for processing frozen boned fish according to claim 4 above, wherein after completion of the enzyme reaction step, the half-fish body with supplement is frozen to a semi-frozen state (semi-freezing step). The frozen half body fish with supplementary fillet is cut into cut fish of a predetermined size (cutting process) and then stored frozen.
[0048]
If the supplementary half-fish is cut in a semi-frozen state as in claim 5, the supplementary body maintains a state of being firmly bonded to the fish, so that the supplementary body is separated (the supplementary body is fish Will not be separated). Therefore, in the invention of claim 5, in addition to the effect of claim 4, there is an effect that the cutting operation becomes easy and can be cut cleanly. In addition, if cut into slices of a predetermined size in advance, there is no need to defrost (half-thaw) for cutting before cooking, and it is possible to cook directly in the frozen state. There is also an effect that can be done.
[0049]
Effects of the invention of claim 6 of the present application
The invention of claim 6 of the present application is the processing method for frozen boned fish according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a glazing step for attaching a predetermined amount of water to the frozen boned fish before freezing is performed. Yes.
[0050]
In this way, when water is attached to the frozen watered fish body, the water becomes ice and covers the entire outer periphery of the supplemented half-body fish body, in addition to the effect of claim 4 or 5. Thus, there is an effect that freeze-drying (so-called freeze-burning) of the supplemented half-fish in the frozen storage state can be prevented.
[0051]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 1 shows a process diagram of the frozen boned fish processing method of the first embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 2 shows the frozen boned fish of the second embodiment of the present application. The process figure of the processing method of the body is shown. Moreover, FIG. 3 is common to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and shows a processing step diagram when mackerel is adopted as the target fish, and FIG. 4 shows the water removal shown in FIG. 3 (D). An enlarged sectional view of the fish is shown.
[0052]
First embodiment
1st Embodiment shown in FIG. 1 processes as a final processing form from the original shape fish 1 to the frozen boned fish body 7 of a half body fish state. In the processing method of the first embodiment, the raw raw fish 1 is subjected to the three-sheet lowering step 21, the abdominal / longitudinal bone removing step 22, the supplement filling step 23, the enzyme reaction step 24, and the freezing step 25. The liquid adhesion step 26 and the cryopreservation step 27 are sequentially performed. Hereinafter, each of the steps 21 to 27 will be described with reference to FIGS. The original fish 1 is purchased in large quantities and stored frozen, and is used while being half-thawed in a chilled room at a quantity corresponding to the planned processing quantity.
[0053]
Three-sheet lowering process 21
In this three-sheet lowering step 21, the original fish (mackerel) 1 shown in FIG. 3 (A) is dropped into three pieces, and both left and right bodies (each half-fish body) 2, 2 are shown in FIG. 3 (B). Separate from the middle bone. That is, the head and tail of the original fish 1 are excised, and the left and right bodies are separated along the middle bone with the internal organs removed. At this time, if the chest fins remain in the half fish pieces 2, 2, the chest fins are also excised. For scaled fish, the scale is removed in the state of the original fish 1.
[0054]
This three-sheet lowering step 21 is preferably performed in a semi-thawed state (a state where the internal organs are frozen) of the original fish 1. In this way, when the original fish 1 is half-thawed, the fish has an appropriate hardness (shape retention), and the fish is less likely to collapse, making it easier to perform a knife operation.
[0055]
As shown in FIG. 3 (B), the abdominal bone 11 and a number of longitudinal bones 12, 12,. In the case of mackerel, the vertical bones 12 are about 15 in the middle of the upper and lower parts of the fish body 2 with an interval in the length direction of the fish body, and from the side of the fish body to the fish thickness direction to a considerable depth. It is buried.
[0056]
Abdominal bone / longitudinal bone removal process 22
This abdominal bone / longitudinal bone removing step 22 removes the abdominal bone 11 and the longitudinal bones 12, 12,... From each half fish body 2, 2 in FIG. Processed into fish 3
[0057]
The abdominal bone 11 is scraped off with a kitchen knife, but the abdominal bone 11 is removed with some meat (fish meat) attached thereto, so that the volume of the abdomen of the half-fish body 2 is reduced accordingly.
[0058]
Each longitudinal bone 12, 12,... Is extracted one by one by tweezers or the like. At the time of removing the longitudinal bone, as shown in FIG. 3 (B), it is easy to remove the longitudinal bone 12 by making a score line 13 with a knife along each longitudinal bone 12, 12,. It becomes.
[0059]
By the way, the vertical bone 12 has a large number (about 15 in mackerel) over the entire length of the half-fish 2 and is buried to a considerable depth of the fish. The body is firmly bound around the vertical bone 12. Therefore, when each longitudinal bone 12, 12,... Is extracted, it is pulled out with a small amount of body attached to the longitudinal bone 12, and a considerably large bone scar recess 14, 14,... (See FIG. 3 (C)) is formed there. . If the bone mark recesses 14, 14,... Remain as they are, the appearance of the fish will be poor, and the fish will be easily broken (easily broken). Each of the bone mark recesses 14, 14... From which the longitudinal bone 12 has been removed varies in size, such as a large crack or a small hole.
[0060]
Replenishment filling process 23
In this replenishment filling step 23, each bone-recessed portion 14, 14... From which the longitudinal bone has been removed and the abdominal bone removal portion 15 from which the abdominal bone has been removed are removed, as shown in FIG. 3 (C). Each of the fine fish of the same species is filled with supplements 4 and 4 in which protein cross-linking enzymes are mixed (the state is a half-fish fish 5 with supplements in FIG. 3D).
[0061]
As the fine body serving as the supplementary body 4, a sacrificial fish sacrificial body is used, which is cut into a medium or pasted. As the protein cross-linking enzyme, for example, trade name “Activa” manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (in powder form, mainly composed of transglutaminase) can be used. This “activa” (transglutaminase) has a high activity generally in the range of room temperature to 50 ° C., has a property of suspending at a low temperature of −18 ° C. or less, and inactivating within 75 minutes at 75 ° C.
[0062]
The supplement 4 is prepared by uniformly mixing a protein cross-linking enzyme (the above “Activa”) with a fine ratio of about 0.4% by weight. The mixing ratio (about 0.4%) of the fine body and the protein cross-linking enzyme is not particularly limited, and the environment in which the protein cross-linking enzyme is activated (for example, the atmospheric temperature to be reacted, the time to be reacted, etc.) and the purpose. An appropriate range can be set according to the binding strength. The “Activa” used in the embodiment of the present application corresponds to about 10 units in terms of enzyme amount of 0.2 g.
[0063]
The protein cross-linking enzyme is mixed with the fine body in parallel with the three-sheet lowering step 21 or the abdominal / longitudinal bone removing step 22. That is, the protein binding action starts when the protein cross-linking enzyme is finely mixed, and if the supplement 4 (mixture of the fine body and the protein cross-linking enzyme) is prepared early, the binding action by the enzyme Since only the fine bodies are tightly bound to each other, the protein cross-linking enzyme is mixed with the fine bodies just before filling the replenished body 4 into the watered half-fish body 3 (for example, about several minutes before). Is preferred.
[0064]
In this refill body filling step 23, apart from the mixture of the protein cross-linking enzyme in the refill body 4, the parts to be refilled with the refill body 4 in the water-removed half-fish body 3 (remaining bone recesses 14, 14. A small amount may be attached to the removal portion 15) as appropriate. Further, the supplement 4 may be filled in all the bone recesses 14, 14..., But if the bone recess is small, only the protein cross-linking enzyme is attached instead of the supplement (fine) 4. You can just let it.
[0065]
In the supplement filling step 23, the bone filling recesses 14, 14,... In FIG. 3C are filled (filled) with the supplement 4, and the abdominal bone removal portion 15 is also filled as necessary. Place the replenishment body 4 evenly by a small thickness as appropriate. In addition, in the case where the cut line 13 by the knife is put in each of the bone mark recesses 14, 14..., The replenishment 4 may be filled in the narrow groove part formed in the fish body by the cut line 13. In this case, the filling shape of the supplement 4 into the bone scar recesses 14, 14,... Is a continuous band as shown in FIG.
[0066]
Enzyme reaction step 24
In this enzyme reaction step 24, the protein cross-linking enzyme in the supplementary body 4 filled in the bone mark recesses 14, 14,... The supplementary body 4 is bound.
[0067]
The enzyme reaction step 24 may be performed, for example, at room temperature (for example, about 18 ° C.) for about 40 to 45 minutes. In this enzyme reaction step 24, it is desirable that the product temperature of the watered half-fish 3 is increased to a temperature close to the enzyme high activity temperature range (for example, room temperature), but if the product temperature is low, the reaction time is extended. Make adjustments.
[0068]
And when protein cross-linking enzyme raise | generates an enzyme reaction, the protein of the fine body 4 of the supplement 4 which touches this protein cross-linking enzyme, and the boneless half fish body 3 will be couple | bonded, and this fine body and each bone scar recessed part with progress of time. 14 and 14 and the fish of the abdominal bone removal portion 15 are sequentially bound, but the degree of binding between the fish becomes stronger as the reaction time becomes longer. In addition, in the portion where only the protein cross-linking enzyme is attached in the bone scar recess 14, the fish in the bone scar recess 14 are bound to each other and the small holes are closed.
[0069]
Freezing step 25
This freezing step 25 is for freezing the water adhering to the outer surface of the supplemented half-fish 5 in the next glaze step 26, and the supplemented half-fish 5 having completed the enzyme reaction step 24. Quick freeze. In this freezing step 25, for example, it is rapidly frozen at −35 ° C. to −40 ° C. for about 45 minutes, and cooled until the product temperature of the supplemented half-fish 5 becomes −18 ° C. or lower. In addition, when the supplemented half-fish 5 is frozen to -18 ° C. or less, the enzyme reaction of the protein cross-linking enzyme (transglutaminase) in the supplement is stopped, and the supplemented half-fish 5 is frozen. During this period, no further solidification by the enzyme occurs.
[0070]
Glazing process 26
In this glazing step 26, a predetermined amount of water is attached to the frozen watered fish (in the first embodiment, the supplementary half-fish 5).
[0071]
Thus, when water is attached to the frozen half-fish fish 5 in the frozen state, the water becomes ice and covers the entire outer periphery of the half-fish fish 5 with the supplement, and is replenished in the cryopreserved state. The frozen half-fish 5 can be prevented from being frozen and dried.
[0072]
Cryopreservation process 27
In the cryopreservation step 27, following the glaze step 26, the cryopreservation step 27 is stored as it is at a low temperature (for example, −18 ° C. or lower). In the cryopreservation step 27, it is preferable to store the frozen bone-free fish (half-body fish) 7 so as not to overlap a predetermined number in one bag and to cryopreserve it in a vacuum packaged state.
[0073]
The frozen watered fish 7 processed by the processing method of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is frozen and stored in the state of the half-fish with supplementary meat shown in FIG. The frozen bone-free fish 7 is frozen and stored in a freezer until cooked for eating, and thawed to a half-thawed state where a kitchen knife is inserted before cooking. After being cut into (E) (symbol 6), the food can be cooked according to the purpose (for example, cooking such as “boil”, “fry”, “bake”). In this case, since the bone is removed from the fish, the mouth feels good when eaten and can be eaten deliciously.
[0074]
This frozen bone-free fish 7 has a bad appearance due to the presence of the respective bone recesses 14, 14... By removing the vertical bones 12, 12. Since the supplementary body 4 is filled in the recesses 14, 14..., The bone recesses 14, 14. Does not deteriorate the appearance. Further, if each longitudinal bone 12, 12,... Is removed (withdrawn), a bone scar recess 14 is formed in a considerably large size, and the body is broken or the shape of the whole fish is deteriorated (the body is liable to collapse). However, since the supplement 4 is mixed with a protein cross-linking enzyme, the fish in each bone recess 14, 14... And the supplement 4 are appropriately bound, and the whole fish is preserved. Good formability.
[0075]
In the first embodiment, the abdominal bone removal portion 15 is also filled with the supplement 4, so that the portion of the fish from which the abdominal bone 11 has been scraped is replenished. Volume is secured. Therefore, the abdominal bone removal part 15 (usually thin fish and not good texture) can be eaten deliciously. Note that the supplementary body 4 of the abdominal bone removal portion 15 is also appropriately bound to the fish of the abdominal bone removal portion 15, and the supplementary body 4 cannot be easily peeled off.
[0076]
Second embodiment
2nd Embodiment shown in FIG. 2 processes as the final processing form from the original fish 1 to the frozen boned fish body 7 of the fillet state of a predetermined size. In the processing method of the second embodiment, the raw raw fish 1 is subjected to the three-sheet lowering process 21, the abdominal / longitudinal bone removing process 22, the supplement filling process 23, the enzyme reaction process 24, and the semi-freezing process. 28, cutting step 29, freezing step 30, glazing step 31, and cryopreservation step 32 are sequentially performed. Of the steps of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the three-sheet lowering step 21, the abdominal bone / longitudinal bone removing step 22, the supplement filling step 23, the enzyme reaction step 24, and the freezing step 30 (freezing in FIG. 1). 1), glazing step 31 (corresponding to glaze step 26 in FIG. 1), and cryopreservation step 32 (corresponding to cryopreservation step 27 in FIG. 1), respectively, in the first embodiment of FIG. Since these are the same as those described above, the description of the first embodiment is used for those steps.
[0077]
In the second embodiment, after completion of the enzyme reaction step 24, the supplemented half-fish body 5 of FIG. 3D is frozen to a semi-frozen state, and the supplemented half-body fish body 5 is shown in the semi-frozen state. As shown in FIG. 3 (E), it is cut into fillets 6 of a predetermined size. Here, the semi-frozen state is a frozen state in which a knife is inserted into the fish.
[0078]
As described above, the reason why the half-fished fish 5 with the supplementary body is semi-frozen before being cut into the sliced fish 6 is as follows. That is, in the state where the product temperature of the supplemented half-fish 5 is high (for example, the product temperature is about room temperature and soft), even if the supplement 4 is appropriately bound by the protein cross-linking enzyme, its binding power It is not very strong (it becomes too hard and the texture becomes worse), so if the half-fish fish 5 with supplement is cut in a soft state, the supplement 4 is easily broken (the supplement is Separate from the fish). However, if the supplementary half-fish 5 is kept in a semi-frozen state, the supplement 4 is maintained in a tightly coupled state with the fish, and if the supplementary half-fish 5 is cut in the semi-frozen state, the supplement 4 can be cut cleanly without falling apart (no waste of supplement 4).
[0079]
The semi-freezing step 28 of the second embodiment includes the case where the half-frozen fish 5 with the supplementary body temperature at the room temperature after the enzyme reaction step 24 is frozen to the semi-frozen state, and the case where the semi-frozen state is temporarily frozen. There are two ways of thawing to the state.
[0080]
And in this 2nd Embodiment, each fillet fish 6 which finished the cutting process 29 is frozen (freezing process 30), and water adheres to the frozen fillet fish 6 in the frozen state (it becomes ice instantly). The outer surface of the cut fish 6 is covered with ice (glazing step 31), and frozen in that state (freeze preservation step 32). The frozen boned fish (cut fish) 8 processed in this way is preferably stored so as not to overlap a predetermined number in one bag and stored frozen in a vacuum packaged state.
[0081]
Thus, if it is frozen in a state of being cut into sliced fish pieces 6 of a predetermined size in advance, there is no need to defrost (half-thaw) for cutting before cooking, and cooking directly in the frozen state (For example, “boil”, “fry”, “bake”, etc.).
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process block diagram of a method for processing frozen boned fish according to a first embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a process block diagram of a method for processing frozen boned fish according to a second embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a partial process diagram of a method for processing frozen boned fish meat common to the first and second embodiments of the present application.
4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 is an original fish, 2 is an open body, 3 is a watered half-fish, 4 is a supplement, 5 is a half-fish with supplement, 6 is a fillet, 7 is a frozen bone-free fish (half-fish), 8 Is a frozen bone-free fish (filled fish), 11 is an abdominal bone, 12 is a longitudinal bone, 13 is a score line, 14 is a bone mark recess, 15 is an abdominal bone removal part, 21 is a three-sheet lowering process, 22 is an abdominal bone・ Longitudinal bone removal process, 23 is supplementary filling process, 24 is enzyme reaction process, 25 is freezing process, 26 is glazing process, 27 is cryopreservation process, 28 is semi-freezing process, 29 is cutting process, 30 is freezing The process, 31 is a glaze process, and 32 is a cryopreservation process.

Claims (6)

原形魚(1)を三枚におろした半身魚身(2)から腹骨(11)及び縦骨(12,12・・)を除去した骨抜き半身魚身(3)における前記縦骨(12)を除去した骨跡凹部(14,14・・)内に、同種魚の微細身にトランスグルタミナーゼ単独あるいはトランスグルタミナーゼを含有する混合物からなるタンパク質架橋酵素を混合した補充身(4)を充填して、前記タンパク質架橋酵素により前記補充身(4)を前記骨抜き半身魚身(3)に結着させた状態で凍結している、
ことを特徴とする冷凍骨抜き魚身。
The longitudinal bone (12) in the bone-less half-fish (3) obtained by removing the abdomen (11) and the longitudinal bones (12, 12,...) From the half-fish (2) obtained by dropping the original fish (1) into three pieces In the bone-recessed portion (14, 14. Frozen in a state in which the supplement (4) is bound to the watered half-fish (3) by a protein cross-linking enzyme,
Frozen watered fish characterized by that.
請求項1において、
骨抜き半身魚身(3)における腹骨(11)を除去した部分(15)にも補充身(4)を充填している、
ことを特徴とする冷凍骨抜き魚身。
In claim 1,
The portion (15) from which the abdominal bone (11) has been removed from the watered half-fish body (3) is also filled with supplementary meat (4).
Frozen watered fish characterized by that.
請求項1又は2において、
補充身(4)を骨抜き半身魚身(3)に結着させた補充身つき半身魚身(5)を所定大きさの切り身魚身(6)に切断した状態で凍結している、
ことを特徴とする冷凍骨抜き魚身。
In claim 1 or 2,
The supplemented half-fish (5), which is the supplementary body (4) bound to the watered half-fish (3), is frozen in a state of being cut into a predetermined size fish (6).
Frozen watered fish characterized by that.
原形魚(1)の左右両身を中骨から分離させる三枚おろし工程(21)と、
その各半身魚身(2)から腹骨(11)及び縦骨(12,12・・)を除去する腹骨・縦骨除去工程(22)と、
その骨抜き半身魚身(3)における縦骨(12,12・・)を除去した骨跡凹部(14,14・・)内に、同種魚の微細身にトランスグルタミナーゼ単独あるいはトランスグルタミナーゼを含有する混合物からなるタンパク質架橋酵素を混合した補充身(4)を充填する補充身充填工程(23)と、
前記タンパク質架橋酵素を所定時間だけ反応させて補充身(4)を骨抜き半身魚身(3)に結着させる酵素反応工程(24)と、
該酵素反応工程(24)の終了後に補充身つき半身魚身(5)を凍結状態で保存する凍結保存工程(27)、
とを順次行うことを特徴とする冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法。
Three-sheet lowering process (21) for separating the left and right sides of the original fish (1) from the middle bone,
An abdominal bone / longitudinal bone removal step (22) for removing the abdominal bone (11) and longitudinal bone (12, 12,...) From each half body fish (2);
From the bone-recessed portion (14, 14,...) From which the longitudinal bones (12, 12,...) Have been removed from the bone-free half-fish (3), transglutaminase alone or from a mixture containing transglutaminase A supplement filling step (23) for filling a supplement (4) mixed with the protein cross-linking enzyme,
An enzyme reaction step (24) in which the protein cross-linking enzyme is allowed to react for a predetermined time to bind the supplement (4) to the watered half-fish (3);
A cryopreservation step (27) for storing the supplemented half-fish (5) in a frozen state after completion of the enzyme reaction step (24);
And processing the frozen boned fish meat.
請求項4において、
酵素反応工程(24)の終了後に、補充身つき半身魚身(5)を半凍結状態にする半凍結工程(28)と、その半凍結した補充身つき半身魚身(5)を所定大きさの切り身魚身(6)に切断する切断工程(29)とを行った後に、凍結保存することを特徴とする冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法。
In claim 4,
After completion of the enzyme reaction step (24), the half-frozen step (28) for putting the half-fish body with supplement (5) into a semi-frozen state, and the half-frozen fish (5) with supplement half-frozen to a predetermined size A frozen boned fish processing method comprising: performing a cutting step (29) of cutting into a fillet of fish (6), and then cryopreserving.
請求項4又は5において、
凍結保存する前に、凍結状態の骨抜き魚身(5,6)に所定量の水を付着させるグレーズがけ工程(26,31)を行うことを特徴とする冷凍骨抜き魚身の加工方法。
In claim 4 or 5,
A method of processing a frozen watered fish characterized by performing a glazing step (26, 31) in which a predetermined amount of water is attached to a frozen watered fish (5, 6) before being frozen.
JP2002063665A 2002-03-08 2002-03-08 Frozen watered fish and processing method thereof Expired - Fee Related JP3907502B2 (en)

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