JP3862388B2

JP3862388B2 - Root crop harvesting machine

Info

Publication number: JP3862388B2
Application number: JP32713897A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 幹雄金光; 智彦太田; 定明大久保; 実三戸; 義明蒲田; 宰伊藤; 宏信東
Original assignee: Kubota Corp; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Current assignee: Kubota Corp; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Priority date: 1997-11-11
Filing date: 1997-11-11
Publication date: 2006-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2017-11-11
Also published as: JPH11137036A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、大根、人参、ごぼう等の根菜類を収穫する根菜類の収穫機に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
根菜類の収穫機の従来例としては、特開平８ー３３１９５９号（特願平７ー１４２７８４号）「根菜類収穫機の収穫部」（従来例）がある。従来例においては、根菜類を引き抜き後方へ搬送する収穫用搬送装置１と、収穫用搬送装置１によって吊り下げられた根菜類根部上端に対して収穫用搬送装置１による引き上げに伴って接当作用する位置定め用搬送装置８ａと、位置定め用搬送装置８ａの挟持位置より上方で茎葉部を挟持して受け取る左右一対の駆動自在な挟持搬送ベルトなどからなる切断用搬送装置８ｂ、切断装置である刃体８ｃ等の開示がある。従来例の位置定め用搬送装置８ａおよび切断用搬送装置８ｂは、従来例図１に示されるように収穫用搬送装置１より水平方向に配設されるが、水平面から約１５度乃至２０度の角度を有しており、刃体８ｃの刃面も切断用搬送装置８ｂと平行に設置されていた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来例の根菜収穫機では、根菜類を引き抜き搬送する収穫用搬送装置は、根菜を引き抜くとき圃場地面に対して約４５度の角度を有し、位置定め用搬送装置８ａおよび切断用搬送装置８ｂはそれに対し水平方向へ約２５度の角度を有して配置されている。したがって、切断用搬送装置８ｂの下方に切断用搬送装置と平行に刃面を有する刃体８ｃは、それぞれ水平面（圃場地面）に対して約２０度前後の角度を有して後方が上がっている。
【０００４】
しかしながら、位置定め搬送装置８ａおよび切断用搬送装置８ｂにより茎葉部を挟持される根菜類は、茎葉部から垂れ下がる根部（特に大根）の重量により、
ほぼ根菜長手方向が垂直方向を維持して挟持搬送される。そのため、茎葉部もほぼ垂直方向で挟持され搬送される。したがって、切断用搬送装置８ｂの搬送方向と平行方向に切断面を有する刃体８ｃによる切断では、茎葉の切断面は根菜類長手方向に対して直角にはならず、１０度〜２０度角ほど傾斜した面で切断されてしまい、切断後商品となる根部に残された茎葉の長さが異なる斜めの切断面が形成されてしまう問題点があった（図７参照）。
【０００５】
さらに、従来例の根菜収穫機では、茎葉部を挟持され引き上げ搬送される根菜を、収穫用搬送装置１から位置定め用搬送装置８ａに移送するが、そのとき位置定め用搬送装置８ａの挟持力が強すぎると、茎葉部が滑らず、上方への位置揃えができず、そのため根菜類の茎葉部を挟持する位置が定まらず、廃棄される茎葉部上部を切断後、根部に残った茎葉の長さが一定しない問題点があった。
【０００６】
また、逆に位置決め目的の為に位置定め搬送装置８ａの挟持力を収穫用搬送装置１より弱くすると、位置決めは容易になるが、比較的重い根菜類は自重により後方へ挟持搬送途中に落下し易くなる問題点があった。
【０００７】
位置定め用搬送装置を、比較的挟持力の弱い位置決め搬送体と比較的挟持力の強い根部搬送体に分離した場合、根菜受け渡しポイントで落下する恐れがあった。特に根部搬送体の上方に重ねて位置する茎葉部搬送体が同軸の駆動プーリであると、受け渡し位置が離れ、確実な受け渡し挟持ができない問題点があった。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
課題を解決するため、自走可能な走行車に備えられ、圃場に植えられた根菜の茎葉部を挟持して根菜類を引き抜きそのまま挟持して後上方向に搬送する引き抜き搬送体と、引き抜き搬送体の下方に位置し引き抜き搬送体とは搬送下流側ほど間隔を広げるように角度を有しかつ水平方向とは角度を有して前傾して設けられ引き抜き搬送体から送られてくる根菜類を挟持しながら根菜類の根部上端近くを位置決めしながら挟持搬送する位置決め搬送体と、位置決め搬送体の下流側延長位置に同方向に前傾して設けられ位置決め搬送体から送られてくる根菜類の茎葉部下方部分を挟持し後方に搬送する根部搬送体と、根菜類の茎葉部を挟持し後方に搬送する茎葉部搬送体とを設け、根部搬送体と茎葉部搬送体との間に根菜類の茎葉部を切断する切断装置とを設けるとともに、
根部搬送体および茎葉部搬送体の下流側後端を切断装置より後方に延長し、切断された根菜類の根部と茎葉部を独立して後方に搬送し、
かつ根部搬送体の搬送速度を、茎葉部搬送体の搬送速度より速い搬送速度に設定することにより根部が自重により垂直方向を向いた姿勢においても茎葉部の向きは切断装置までの間において根部搬送体及び切断装置と直交する姿勢になり切断装置による茎葉部の切断面が根部長手方向と直角となるような前傾角度を有して設けられる茎葉部搬送体及び切断装置であることを特徴とする根菜類の収穫機を提案する。
【０００９】
また、自走可能な走行車に備えられ、圃場に植えられた根菜の茎葉部を挟持して根菜類を引き抜きそのまま挟持して後上方向に搬送する引き抜き搬送体と、引き抜き搬送体の下方に位置し引き抜き搬送体とは搬送下流側ほど間隔を広げるように角度を有しかつ水平方向とは角度を有して前傾して設けられ引き抜き搬送体から送られてくる根菜類を挟持しながら根菜類の根部上端近くを位置決めしながら挟持搬送する位置決め搬送体と、位置決め搬送体の下流側延長位置に同方向に前傾して設けられ位置決め搬送体から送られてくる根菜類の茎葉部下方部分を挟持し後方に搬送する根部搬送体と、根菜類の茎葉部を挟持し後方に搬送する茎葉部搬送体とを設け、根部搬送体と茎葉部搬送体との間に根菜類の茎葉部を切断する切断装置とを設けるとともに、
根部搬送体および茎葉部搬送体の下流側後端を切断装置より後方に延長し、切断された根菜類の根部と茎葉部を独立して後方に搬送し、
かつ根部搬送体の搬送速度を、茎葉部搬送体の搬送速度より速い搬送速度に設定することにより根部が自重により垂直方向を向いた姿勢においても茎葉部の向きは切断装置までの間において根部搬送体及び切断装置と直交する姿勢になり切断装置による茎葉部の切断面が根部長手方向と直角となるような前傾角度を有して設けられる茎葉部搬送体及び切断装置であるとともに、
位置決め搬送体の茎葉部挟持力が、引き抜き搬送体および根部搬送体の茎葉部挟持力より弱い挟持力であることを特徴とする根菜類の収穫機を提案する。
【００１０】
更に、自走可能な走行車に備えられ、圃場に植えられた根菜の茎葉部を挟持して根菜類を引き抜きそのまま挟持して後上方向に搬送する引き抜き搬送体と、引き抜き搬送体の下方に位置し引き抜き搬送体とは搬送下流側ほど間隔を広げるように角度を有しかつ水平方向とは角度を有して前傾して設けられ引き抜き搬送体から送られてくる根菜類を挟持しながら根菜類の根部上端近くを位置決めしながら挟持搬送する位置決め搬送体と、位置決め搬送体の下流側延長位置に同方向に前傾して設けられ位置決め搬送体から送られてくる根菜類の茎葉部下方部分を挟持し後方に搬送する根部搬送体と、根菜類の茎葉部を挟持し後方に搬送する茎葉部搬送体とを設け、根部搬送体と茎葉部搬送体との間に根菜類の茎葉部を切断する切断装置とを設けるとともに、
根部搬送体および茎葉部搬送体の下流側後端を切断装置より後方に延長し、切断された根菜類の根部と茎葉部を独立して後方に搬送し、
かつ根部搬送体の搬送速度を、茎葉部搬送体の搬送速度より速い搬送速度に設定することにより根部が自重により垂直方向を向いた姿勢においても茎葉部の向きは切断装置までの間において根部搬送体及び切断装置と直交する姿勢になり切断装置による茎葉部の切断面が根部長手方向と直角となるような前傾角度を有して設けられる茎葉部搬送体及び切断装置であるとともに、
茎葉部搬送体の茎葉上方部第１挟持位置が、位置決め搬送体の茎葉離脱位置および根部搬送体の茎葉下方部第１挟持位置より上流側に位置することを特徴とする根菜類の収穫機を提案する。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明の実施の形態について、根菜類の収穫機の正面図である図１、同じく平面図である図２、同じく側面図である図３、搬送体の一部拡大正面図である図４、同じく搬送体の一部拡大平面図である図５、根菜類の搬送および切断説明図である図６、従来の根菜類の搬送および切断説明図である図７に基づいて説明する。
【００１２】
この発明の根菜類の収穫機は、クローラ走行装置１００により自走可能な走行車１０と、走行車１０の上の左右一方側位置、この実施の形態では走行車１０上の左側に、昇降フレーム１０１に固定されて、根菜類の茎葉部を上方に向ける茎葉部引き起こし装置７と、大根、人参、ゴボウ等の根菜類の植えられている近傍の植土を緩ませるソイラー装置６と、圃場に植えられた根菜の茎葉部を挟持して根菜類を引き抜きそのまま挟持して後上方向に搬送する引き抜き搬送体１と、引き抜き搬送体１の下方に位置し引き抜き搬送体１とは搬送下流側ほど間隔を広げるように角度を有して設けられ引き抜き搬送体１から送られてくる根菜類Ａを挟持しながら根菜類Ａの根部ＡＲ上端部近くを位置決めしながら搬送する位置決め搬送体２と、位置決め搬送体２から送られてくる根菜類Ａの茎葉部ＡＬ下方部分を挟持し後方へに搬送する根部搬送体３と、根菜類Ａの茎葉部ＡＬを挟持し後方に搬送する茎葉部搬送体４と、根部搬送体３と茎葉部搬送体４との間に位置し根菜類Ａの茎葉部ＡＬ中途部を連続して切断する切断装置５と、切断された茎葉部ＡＬ０を圃場に廃棄する茎葉部排出体８と、根部搬送体３から搬送される茎葉部ＡＬの上部大半を切断された根部ＡＲを横臥姿勢で載置可能な受け面を有する受台９とを配設する。根部搬送体３と茎葉部搬送体４のそれぞれの下流側端部は切断装置５より後方位置に延長されており、切断装置５によって切断された茎葉部ＡＬと根部ＡＲを独立して搬送する。
【００１３】
走行車１０上の左右他方側位置、この実施の形態では右側位置の前方に操縦部１１を配設し、操縦部１１の後方にクレーン部１２とを配置する。さらに走行車１０上の後部位置に着脱自在に根菜収納部１３を設けられる作業フロア１４とを配置している。昇降フレーム１０１は走行車１０の走行方向に先端部が昇降自在に設けられており、フレーム中央部下部にマルチシート切断装置２０が設けられる。マルチシート切断装置２０は支持部２００先端に回転カッター２０３を昇降フレーム１０１に対して回動して昇降自在に設けられている。走行車１０は、操縦部１１の作業員（運転者）Ｂ１の操作によって、クローラ走行装置１００により走行する。
【００１４】
ソイラー装置６は、引き抜き搬送体１の中央側側方部に配設され、下端部を曲げた走行前面視「し」字状の板状体である。ソイラー装置６は下部分を植土中に挿入して地中にある根菜類Ａの根部ＡＲの近傍側方を進行し、植土を振動させて、引き抜き搬送体１による根菜類Ａの引き抜きを行い易く補助する。
【００１５】
水平方向に垂れている大根等の根菜類の茎葉部を上方に引き起こす茎葉部上方引き起こし装置７は、水平方向へ向かう水平突起を多数設けたエンドレスベルト４本からなる。４本のエンドレスベルトは２本づつ対になっており、１対のエンドレスベルト７０は走行車１の走行方向に対して植栽されている茎葉部ＡＬの左右部分を前後方向から水平方向突起で下方から上方へ引き起こす。他の１対のエンドレスベルト７１は、左右方向に向かい合って周回転し、茎葉部ＡＬの前後部分を下方から上方へ引き起こす。それぞれのエンドレスベルトおよび水平突起は、合成樹脂、ゴム、合成ゴム、スポンジ等の弾性、柔軟性を有する素材からなる。
【００１６】
引き抜き搬送体１は、左右一対の弾性エンドレスベルトを前部上流側を下方、後部下流側を上方に位置させた斜めに配設され、ベルト対向面は互いに左右から対向して接し前部下方から後部上方に移動しエンドレス回転する。引き抜き搬送体１の先端部は、引き抜き部であり、左右の弾性エンドレスベルトの対向面が最初に接して根菜類Ａの茎葉部ＡＬを挟持し斜め上方へ引き抜く。引き抜き搬送体１は、そのまま茎葉部ＡＬを挟持して斜め後方へ搬送する。弾性エンドレスベルトは、合成樹脂、ゴム、スポンジ等の弾性のある素材で形成する。
【００１７】
位置決め搬送体２は、引き抜き搬送体１の後部下方に、引き抜き搬送体１とは搬送下流側にいくほど間隔を広げるように角度を有して、引き抜き搬送体１より水平方向の角度で設けられる。この実施の形態では引き抜き搬送体１は、作業中地上面とは約４５度の角度を有しており、位置決め搬送体２は引き抜き搬送体１から約２５度角水平方向に傾斜する。位置決め搬送体２は一対の弾性エンドレスベルトのベルト対向面を左右から対向して接してなる。エンドレスベルトの対向面の対向力、すなわち茎葉部ＡＬの挟持力はスプリング、板バネ等の弾性体の付勢力によって与えられており、挟持力の強弱は弾性体によって調整される。位置決め搬送体２は、引き抜き搬送体１によって茎葉部ＡＬ上部を挟持されて搬送されてくる根菜類Ａの茎葉部ＡＬ下部を挟持して、引き抜き搬送体１と一緒に搬送しつつ、根菜類Ａの根部ＡＲ上端を位置決め搬送体２の下面位置に揃える。
【００１８】
位置決め搬送体２のベルト対向面の挟持力は、引き抜き搬送体１のベルト対向面の挟持力より弱い、あるいは緩い挟持力である。搬送下流側にいくほど間隔が広くなるように角度を有して上下に重なって配設されている引き抜き搬送体１と位置決め搬送体２は、挟持力の強い引き抜き搬送体１によって根菜類は斜め上方へ搬送され、位置決め搬送体２に挟まれる茎葉部ＡＬは、挟まれつつ上方へずり上がりながら移動し、根部ＡＲの肩が位置決め搬送体２の下面に当接する。そのため根菜類は、引き抜き搬送体１によって引き抜かれ時に、茎葉部の上下のどの位置をエンドレスベルトが挟持していても、上方の挟持力の強い引き抜き搬送体１と、比較的挟持力の弱い位置決め搬送体２によって、根菜類Ａは位置決め搬送体２の下面位置に根部ＡＲ上端を揃えて整列させることができる。
【００１９】
根部搬送体３は、位置決め搬送体２と同方向の下流側延長位置に配設され、より後部に長く伸びており、一対の弾性エンドレスベルトのベルト対向面を左右から対向して接してなる。根部搬送体３は、駆動軸である上流側プーリ軸２０を位置決め搬送体２の駆動軸である下流側側プーリ軸２０と同じくし、根部搬送体３の上流側先端部分と位置決め搬送体２の下流側後端部分とが重なり合うように配設される。根部搬送体３は、茎葉下方部第１挟持位置において位置決め搬送体２から搬送されてくる根菜類Ａの茎葉部ＡＬの下方部位置を挟持する。根部搬送体３の挟持力は、位置決め搬送体２の挟持力より強い。根部搬送体３の下流側端部の下方に水平方向のローラあるいはバー９０および受台９を設け、根部ＡＲの下方部を当接させ、根部ＡＲを横向きに倒し、受台９に並べ易くする。
【００２０】
茎葉部搬送体４は、根部搬送体３の上方位置に切断装置５である回転カッターを設けることが可能な間隔を空けて配設される。茎葉部搬送体４は、一対の弾性エンドレスベルトのベルト対向面を左右から対向して接してなり、下流側プーリ軸４０を駆動軸とする。茎葉部搬送体４の上流側プーリ軸４１は、位置決め搬送体２と根部搬送体３の共通の駆動軸２０よりも上流側で、かつ互いに接近した位置に配設され、位置決め搬送体２の茎葉離脱位置２１及び根部搬送体３の茎葉下方部第１挟持位置より、茎葉部搬送体４の茎葉上方部第１挟持位置４２を上流側に位置するように配設される。この実施の形態では上流側プーリ軸４１は、駆動軸２０より４５ｍｍ上流側に位置する。茎葉部搬送体４の上流側プーリの径は、根部搬送体３の上流側プーリの径より小径である。
【００２１】
茎葉部搬送体４の下流側に、根部搬送体３との間に切断装置５である回転カッターを設け、回転カッターの回転刃の位置を茎葉部搬送体４と根部搬送体３の弾性エンドレスベルトのベルト対向面が接する位置に設ける。
【００２２】
根部搬送体３の搬送速度は、茎葉部搬送体４の搬送速度より速く設定する。搬送速度比は、この実施の形態では根部搬送体：茎葉部搬送体＝１８／１５であり約１．２倍前後が好ましく、搬送される茎葉部ＡＬが回転カッター５の回転刃面に対してほぼ直角に当たる搬送速度比であればよい。この実施の形態として根部搬送体３の搬送速度は０．６８９ｍ／ｓ、茎葉部搬送体４の搬送速度は０．５７４ｍ／ｓである。
【００２３】
茎葉部排出体８は、爪付きエンドレスベルトからなり、切断装置５によって切断された上部の茎葉部ＡＬ０のみを爪に引っかけて、茎葉部排出シュート８０に搬送する。切断された茎葉部ＡＬ０は、茎葉部排出シュー８０から圃場に排出される。
【００２４】
走行車１０上の右側位置の前方には、操縦部１１を設ける。作業員（運転者）Ｂ１は、操縦部１１の操縦座席に座って走行車１０を走行させる。
【００２５】
操縦部１１の操縦座席の後部に、クレーン部１２を設ける。クレーン部１２は、走行車１０の後部に設けた作業フロア１４上の前部、すなわち走行車１０の前後方向の中央部に支持フレームを水平に設け、支持フレームに垂直方向に旋回柱１２０を立設する。旋回柱１２０の立設位置は、根菜類の収穫機全体の重心位置に近接した位置に設ける。
【００２６】
旋回柱１２０には、旋回柱１２０を中心軸として３６０度回転可能なブーム１２１を設ける。ブーム１２１は、旋回柱１２０との間に起伏シリンダ１２２を設け、旋回柱１２０上部を回動支点として上下に回動する。ブーム１２１の先方部分は、油圧シリンダからなる伸縮シリンダ１２３によって伸縮自在である。ブーム１２１の先端に伸縮自在のワイア１２４を垂直方向に長さ寸法自在に垂下させる。ワイア１２４の先端にフック１２５を設ける。クレーン部１２は、支持フレームに設けられた制御部によって制御される。
【００２７】
走行車１０上の後部位置に根菜収納部である根菜収納コンテナ１３を作業フロア１４に着脱自在に設ける。根菜収納コンテナ１３は走行車１上のクレーン部１２側にやや寄った位置に上面を開口して、走行車１上から着脱自在に配設される。根菜収納コンテナ１３の上面に吊り下げ用ロープを設け、吊り下げ用ロープはクレーン部１２のワイア１２４の先端のフック１２５に係止自在である。
【００２８】
クレーン部１２の支持フレーム後部で、受台９と根菜収納コンテナ１３に接し、クレーン部１２の旋回柱１２０と、受台９と根菜収納コンテナ１３とに囲まれた作業フロア１４を配設する。作業フロア１４に１人または２人作業員（補助員）Ｂ２を配置する。
【００２９】
次に、この発明の実施の形態の作用について説明する。走行車１０は操縦部１１の作業員（運転者）Ｂ１によって走行する。圃場に到着すると昇降フレーム１０１を回動させ先端を降下させ引き上げ搬送体１の先端を圃場面近くまで下げる。圃場に植えられている１列の大根等の根菜類Ａは、まず先端の茎葉部引き起こし装置７の水平突起によって前後左右に倒れた茎葉部ＡＬを上方に引き起す。
【００３０】
引き起こされた茎葉部ＡＬは、引き抜き搬送体１の左右一対の弾性エンドレスベルトの上流側端部の引き抜き部１ａによって茎葉部ＡＬの比較的上部を挟持されて引き抜かれ、そのまま斜め後方へ搬送される。このとき引き抜き部１ａの側部に位置するソイラー装置６によって、植土を振動させ根部ＡＲを引き抜き易くする。
【００３１】
引き抜き搬送体１によって茎葉部ＡＬ上部を挟持され搬送される根菜類Ａは、位置決め搬送体２によって茎葉部ＡＬ下部をも挟持しつつ、引き抜き搬送体２によって、より上方に引き上げられるため根部ＡＲの上端である肩が位置決め搬送体２の下面に当接する。そのため搬送される根菜類Ａは、茎葉部ＡＬの上下位置が決まり、すべての根菜類Ａの茎葉部切断位置が根部ＡＲ上端から一定になる。
【００３２】
根菜類Ａは、位置決め搬送体２の下流側の茎葉部離脱位置２１より上流側に位置する茎葉部搬送体４の茎葉上方部第１挟持位置４２によって挟持されるため、落下することがなく、そのまま茎葉部搬送体４によって茎葉部ＡＬ上部を挟持され、根部搬送体３によって茎葉部ＡＬの下部を挟持されて搬送される。
【００３３】
そのまま、根菜類Ａは下流側に搬送され、根部搬送体３と茎葉部搬送体４の間に位置する回転カッター５によって切断される。このとき根部搬送体３の搬送速度は、茎葉部搬送体４の搬送速度より速い。この実施の形態では、搬送速度比が、根部搬送体：茎葉部搬送体＝１８／１５で約１．２倍であり、根部搬送体３の搬送速度は０．６８９ｍ／ｓ、茎葉部搬送体４の搬送速度は０．５７４ｍ／ｓである。そのため、根部ＡＲは、自重により垂直方向を向いても、茎葉部ＡＬの向きは斜めになり、回転カッター５の回転刃に対して茎葉部ＡＬがほぼ直角に当たる。そのため茎葉部ＡＬの切断角度が根菜類長手方向と直角となり、根部ＡＲに残る数ｃｍの茎葉の切断面は根菜類長手方向とは直角面となり、茎葉の長さはほぼ一定に揃う。したがって商品となる根部ＡＲの商品価値が向上する。
【００３４】
切断された茎葉部上部ＡＬ０は、茎葉部搬送体４から茎葉部排出体８によって茎葉部排出シュート８０に搬送され、圃場に排出される。
【００３５】
茎葉部ＡＬの上部が切断された根菜類Ａの根部ＡＲは、根部搬送体３の弾性エンドレスベルトによって受台９上方位置まで搬送され、ローラあるいはバー９０に当たり横向きになり作業員Ｂ２によって受台９に並べられ、すぐに、受台９から根菜収納コンテナ１３に収納される。
【００３６】
さらに、根菜収納コンテナ１３に根部ＡＲが溜まった状態でになると、走行車１０を停止させ、走行車１０から降りて運転者である作業員Ｂ１が、クレーン部１２の制御部１２６を操作する。クレーン部１２のフック１２５の位置は旋回柱１２０を中心に、上下前後左右自在に移動させることが可能であり、旋回柱１２０は、根菜類の収穫機の重心位置に近接して設けられているので、根菜収納コンテナ１３に根菜が充満して重量があっても、根菜類の収穫機の周囲の任意の場所に安全に根菜収納コンテナ１３を積み降ろすことができる。
【００３７】
【発明の効果】
したがって、茎葉部の上部を挟持する茎葉部搬送体と下部を挟持する根部搬送体のうち、下部を挟持する根部搬送体の方が、相対的に上部の茎葉搬送体の搬送速度より速い為、根菜類が根部の重量で垂直方向へ向いても、茎葉部の下部（根部近傍）は、茎葉部の上部より相対的に早く搬送されるため、茎葉部は水平面に対して斜めになり切断装置（回転カッター刃面）に対して、ほぼ直角に当接し切断される。したがって、根菜類の根部に残される茎葉長さが一定に揃い、切断面は根菜の長手方向に対してほぼ直角面となる。その為、商品価値が向上する。
【００３８】
また、根菜類の茎葉部の位置決めが確実になるため茎葉部切断位置が一定となり、根部に残る茎葉の長さを一定に揃えることができ商品価値が向上する。
【００３９】
また、１の根菜類の様々な重量にかかわらず、茎葉部を確実に挟持でき搬送途中の落下を防ぐことができる。
【００４０】
茎葉部が短い根菜でも、搬送体間で確実な受け渡しが可能であり、搬送途中の落下を防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の実施の形態の正面図
【図２】同じく平面図
【図３】同じく側面図
【図４】搬送体の一部拡大正面図
【図５】搬送体の一部拡大平面図
【図６】根菜類の搬送および切断を説明する正面説明図
【図７】従来の根菜類の搬送および切断を説明する正面説明図
【符号の説明】
１引き抜き搬送体
２位置決め搬送体
２１茎葉離脱位置
３根部搬送体
４茎葉部搬送体
４２茎葉上方部第１挟持位置
５切断装置（回転カッター）
６ソイラー装置
７茎葉部引き起こし装置
８茎葉部排出体
９受台
９０ローラあるいはバー
１０走行車
１００クローラ走行装置
１０１昇降フレーム
１１操縦部
１２クレーン部
１３根菜収納部（根菜収納コンテナ）
１４作業フロア
２０マルチシート切断装置
２００支持部
２０３回転カッター
Ａ根菜類
ＡＬ根菜類の茎葉部
ＡＬ０切断された茎葉部
ＡＲ根菜類の根部（根菜）
Ｂ１運転者
Ｂ２作業員[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a root vegetable harvesting machine for harvesting root vegetables such as radish, carrot and burdock.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional example of a root vegetable harvesting machine, there is JP-A-8-331959 (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-142784) “Cropping part of a root vegetable harvesting machine” (conventional example). In the conventional example, the harvesting conveyance device 1 that pulls out the root vegetables and conveys them to the rear, and the root vegetable root part upper end suspended by the harvesting conveyance device 1 is brought into contact with the lifting by the harvesting conveyance device 1. A position determining and conveying device 8a, a cutting conveying device 8b including a pair of left and right drive-carrying and conveying belts that are received by holding the foliage portion above the holding position of the position determining and conveying device 8a. There is disclosure of the blade body 8c and the like. The positioning apparatus 8a and the cutting apparatus 8b of the conventional example are arranged in a horizontal direction from the harvesting apparatus 1 as shown in FIG. 1 of the conventional example, but are about 15 to 20 degrees from the horizontal plane. It has an angle, and the blade surface of the blade body 8c is also installed in parallel to the cutting transport device 8b.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional root vegetable harvesting machine, the harvesting transport device for extracting and transporting root vegetables has an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the field ground when extracting the root vegetables, and the positioning transport device 8a and the cutting transport device 8b. Is arranged at an angle of about 25 degrees in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the blade body 8c having a blade surface in parallel with the cutting conveyance device below the cutting conveyance device 8b has an angle of about 20 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane (the field ground), and the rear is raised. .
[0004]
However, the root vegetables sandwiched by the positioning and conveying device 8a and the cutting conveying device 8b, the weight of the roots (particularly radish) hanging from the foliage,
It is nipped and transported while maintaining the longitudinal direction of the root vegetables almost vertically. Therefore, the foliage is also sandwiched and transported in the substantially vertical direction. Therefore, in cutting with the blade body 8c having a cutting surface parallel to the conveying direction of the cutting conveying device 8b, the cut surface of the foliage is not perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the root vegetables, but is about 10 degrees to 20 degrees. There has been a problem that an oblique cut surface is formed in which the length of the foliage left on the root portion that becomes the product after cutting is different (see FIG. 7).
[0005]
Further, in the conventional root vegetable harvesting machine, the root vegetables that are nipped and conveyed while being transported are transferred from the harvesting transport device 1 to the positioning transport device 8a. At that time, the clamping force of the positioning transport device 8a is transferred. Is too strong, the foliage will not slide and the upper position cannot be aligned, so the position for pinching the roots of the root vegetables will not be determined, and the upper part of the foliage remaining at the root will be cut after cutting the upper part of the foliage. There was a problem that the length was not constant.
[0006]
On the other hand, if the clamping force of the positioning and conveying device 8a is weaker than that of the harvesting and conveying device 1 for positioning purposes, positioning becomes easier, but relatively heavy root vegetables fall backward during clamping and conveyance due to their own weight. There was a problem that became easy.
[0007]
If the positioning device is separated into a positioning carrier having a relatively weak clamping force and a root carrier having a relatively strong clamping force, there is a risk of dropping at the root vegetable delivery point. In particular, when the foliage transporter positioned so as to overlap the root transporter is a coaxial drive pulley, there is a problem in that the delivery position is separated and reliable delivery and clamping cannot be performed.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the problem, a pulling carrier that is provided in a self-propelled traveling vehicle, holds the stems and leaves of the root vegetables planted in the field, pulls out the root vegetables, and conveys them in the rear upward direction, and pulling and conveying Root vegetables that are located below the body and have an angle so that the interval is wider toward the downstream side of the extraction conveyance body and is inclined forward from the horizontal direction and sent from the extraction conveyance body A positioning transport body that sandwiches and conveys the root vegetable while positioning the top near the upper end of the root vegetable while sandwiching the root vegetable, and a root vegetable that is provided forwardly inclined in the same direction at the downstream extension position of the positioning transport body and sent from the positioning transport body A root transporter that sandwiches the lower part of the foliage and transports it backward and a foliage transporter that sandwiches and transports the roots and leaves of the root vegetable and transports backward, and the root vegetables are provided between the root transporter and the foliage transporter. Cutting to cut the foliage Provided with a location,
Extend the downstream rear end of the root transport body and the foliage transport body backward from the cutting device, independently transport the root and foliage of the cut root vegetables backward,
In addition, by setting the transport speed of the root transport body to a transport speed faster than the transport speed of the foliage transport body , even if the root is in the vertical direction due to its own weight, the orientation of the foliage is transported to the cutting device. A foliage transporter and a cutting device provided with a forward tilt angle such that the cutting surface of the foliage by the cutting device is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the root, and the posture is orthogonal to the body and the cutting device. We propose a harvester for root vegetables.
[0009]
Also, it is equipped with a self-propelled traveling vehicle that holds the stems and leaves of the root vegetables planted in the field, pulls out the root vegetables as they are, and transports them in the rear upward direction, and below the pulling transport body Positioned with the pulling-out conveyance body so as to widen the interval toward the downstream side of conveyance, and inclined forward with an angle with respect to the horizontal direction while sandwiching root vegetables sent from the drawing conveyance body Positioning transport body that clamps and conveys while positioning the vicinity of the upper end of the root part of the root vegetables, and below the stem and leaf part of the root vegetables sent from the positioning transport body provided to be inclined forward in the same direction at the downstream extension position of the positioning transport body A root transporter that sandwiches the portion and transports the root and a foliage transporter that sandwiches and transports the roots and leaves of the root vegetable and that is transported backward, and the foliage of the root vegetable is provided between the root transporter and the foliage transporter. And a cutting device for cutting Together,
Extend the downstream rear end of the root transport body and the foliage transport body backward from the cutting device, independently transport the root and foliage of the cut root vegetables backward,
In addition, by setting the transport speed of the root transport body to a transport speed faster than the transport speed of the foliage transport body , even if the root is in the vertical direction due to its own weight, the orientation of the foliage is transported to the cutting device. A foliage transporter and cutting device provided with a forward tilt angle such that the cutting surface of the foliage portion by the cutting device is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the root, and the posture is orthogonal to the body and the cutting device ;
A root vegetable harvesting machine is proposed in which the pinching force of the positioning carrier is less than the pinching force of the pulling carrier and the root carrier.
[0010]
In addition, a pulling carrier that is provided in a self-propelled traveling vehicle, holds the stems and leaves of the root vegetables planted in the field, pulls out the root vegetables as they are, and transports them in the rear upward direction, and below the pulling transport body Positioned with the pulling-out conveyance body so as to widen the interval toward the downstream side of conveyance, and inclined forward with an angle with respect to the horizontal direction while sandwiching root vegetables sent from the drawing conveyance body Positioning transport body that clamps and conveys while positioning the vicinity of the upper end of the root part of the root vegetables, and below the stem and leaf part of the root vegetables sent from the positioning transport body provided to be inclined forward in the same direction at the downstream extension position of the positioning transport body A root transporter that sandwiches the portion and transports the root and a foliage transporter that sandwiches and transports the roots and leaves of the root vegetable and that is transported backward, and the foliage of the root vegetable is provided between the root transporter and the foliage transporter. And a cutting device for cutting Together,
Extend the downstream rear end of the root transport body and the foliage transport body backward from the cutting device, independently transport the root and foliage of the cut root vegetables backward,
In addition, by setting the transport speed of the root transport body to a transport speed faster than the transport speed of the foliage transport body , even if the root is in the vertical direction due to its own weight, the orientation of the foliage is transported to the cutting device. A foliage transporter and cutting device provided with a forward tilt angle such that the cutting surface of the foliage portion by the cutting device is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the root, and the posture is orthogonal to the body and the cutting device ;
A root vegetable harvesting machine characterized in that a first nipping position of a foliage upper part of a foliage transporter is located upstream of a foliage detachment position of a positioning transporter and a first nipping position of a foliage lower part of a root transporter. suggest.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a front view of a root crop harvesting machine, FIG. 2 is also a plan view, FIG. 3 is a side view, and FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged front view of a carrier. Similarly, FIG. 5 which is a partially enlarged plan view of the transport body, FIG. 6 which is an explanatory view of conveying and cutting root vegetables, and FIG. 7 which is an explanatory view of transporting and cutting conventional root vegetables.
[0012]
The root crop harvesting machine according to the present invention includes a traveling vehicle 10 that can be self-propelled by the crawler traveling device 100, a left and right side position on the traveling vehicle 10, in this embodiment, on the left side of the traveling vehicle 10, and a lifting frame. A stem-and-leaf-inducing device 7 which is fixed to 101 and directs the root-and-leaves of root vegetables upward, a soyler device 6 to loosen the plantation in the vicinity where root vegetables such as radish, carrot and burdock are planted; A pulling carrier 1 that sandwiches the stems and leaves of the planted root vegetables, pulls out the root vegetables as they are, and conveys them in the rear upward direction, and a pulling carrier 1 that is positioned below the pulling carrier 1 and is closer to the downstream side of the conveyance. A positioning carrier 2 which is provided with an angle so as to widen the interval and conveys the root vegetable A sent from the pulling carrier 1 while positioning near the upper end portion of the root AR of the root vegetable A, and positioning A root transport body 3 that sandwiches the lower part of the stem and leaf part AL of the root vegetable A sent from the feeder 2 and transports it backward, and a foliage part transport body 4 that sandwiches the stem and leaf part AL of the root vegetable A and transports it backward. And a cutting device 5 that is located between the root carrier 3 and the foliage carrier 4 and continuously cuts the middle part of the roots AL of the root vegetables A, and the foliage that discards the cut foliage AL0 in the field The base discharger 8 and the receiving base 9 having a receiving surface on which the root AR that has been cut from the uppermost part of the foliage AL transported from the root transport body 3 can be placed in a recumbent posture. The downstream end portions of the root part transport body 3 and the foliage part transport body 4 are extended to a rear position from the cutting device 5, and independently transport the foliage part AL and the root part AR cut by the cutting device 5.
[0013]
The control unit 11 is disposed in front of the right and left other positions on the traveling vehicle 10, in this embodiment, and the crane unit 12 is disposed behind the control unit 11. Further, a work floor 14 on which a root vegetable storage unit 13 is detachably provided at a rear position on the traveling vehicle 10 is disposed. The elevating frame 101 is provided such that a tip portion thereof is movable up and down in the traveling direction of the traveling vehicle 10, and a multi-sheet cutting device 20 is provided at the lower part of the center of the frame. The multi-sheet cutting device 20 is provided at the tip of the support portion 200 so as to be movable up and down by rotating a rotary cutter 203 with respect to the lifting frame 101. The traveling vehicle 10 travels by the crawler traveling device 100 by the operation of a worker (driver) B1 of the control unit 11.
[0014]
The soiler device 6 is a plate-like body that is disposed at the center side portion of the pulling-out conveyance body 1 and has a “shi” shape when viewed from the front, with its lower end bent. The soiler device 6 inserts the lower part into the plantation, advances in the vicinity of the root AR of the root vegetable A in the ground, vibrates the plantation, and pulls out the root vegetable A by the pulling carrier 1. Assist with ease.
[0015]
The stem-and-leaves upward raising device 7 that causes the stems and leaves of root vegetables such as radishes hanging in the horizontal direction upward is composed of four endless belts provided with a large number of horizontal projections in the horizontal direction. The four endless belts are paired in pairs, and the pair of endless belts 70 is formed by horizontally projecting the left and right portions of the foliage AL planted in the traveling direction of the traveling vehicle 1 from the front-rear direction. Cause from bottom to top. The other pair of endless belts 71 rotate circumferentially facing each other in the left-right direction, and cause the front and rear portions of the foliage AL to be directed upward from below. Each endless belt and horizontal protrusion are made of a material having elasticity and flexibility such as synthetic resin, rubber, synthetic rubber, and sponge.
[0016]
The pulling and conveying body 1 is disposed obliquely with a pair of left and right elastic endless belts positioned with the front upstream side downward and the rear downstream side upward, and the belt-opposing surfaces are opposed to each other from the left and right, and from below the front part. It moves to the upper rear and rotates endlessly. The leading end portion of the pulling carrier 1 is a pulling portion, and the opposing surfaces of the left and right elastic endless belts are in contact with each other first to sandwich the foliage portion AL of the root vegetable A and pull it obliquely upward. The pulling and conveying body 1 holds the foliage portion AL as it is and conveys it obliquely backward. The elastic endless belt is formed of an elastic material such as synthetic resin, rubber, or sponge.
[0017]
The positioning conveyance body 2 is provided at an angle in the horizontal direction with respect to the extraction conveyance body 1 below the rear portion of the extraction conveyance body 1 with an angle so as to increase the distance from the extraction conveyance body 1 toward the conveyance downstream side. . In this embodiment, the pulling carrier 1 has an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the ground surface during work, and the positioning carrier 2 is inclined about 25 degrees from the pulling carrier 1 in the horizontal direction. The positioning conveyance body 2 is formed by contacting the opposite surfaces of a pair of elastic endless belts from the left and right sides. The opposing force of the opposing surface of the endless belt, that is, the clamping force of the foliage AL is given by the urging force of an elastic body such as a spring or a leaf spring, and the strength of the clamping force is adjusted by the elastic body. The positioning transport body 2 sandwiches the lower part of the stem and leaf part AL of the root vegetable A that is transported with the upper part of the foliage AL sandwiched by the pulling transport body 1 and transports the root vegetable A together with the pulling transport body 1. The upper end of the root AR is aligned with the lower surface position of the positioning carrier 2.
[0018]
The clamping force on the belt-opposing surface of the positioning conveyance body 2 is weaker or looser than the clamping force on the belt-facing surface of the drawing conveyance body 1. The pulling conveyance body 1 and the positioning conveyance body 2 which are arranged so as to overlap each other with an angle so that the interval becomes wider toward the downstream side of the conveyance are arranged such that the root vegetables are slanted by the pulling conveyance body 1 having a strong clamping force. The foliage AL that is transported upward and sandwiched by the positioning transport body 2 moves while being lifted upward while being sandwiched, and the shoulder of the root AR contacts the lower surface of the positioning transport body 2. Therefore, when the root vegetables are pulled out by the pulling carrier 1, the upper pulling carrier 1 having a strong clamping force and the positioning with a relatively weak clamping force, regardless of the upper or lower position of the foliage portion, which is sandwiched by the endless belt, By the transport body 2, the root vegetables A can be aligned with the upper end of the root AR on the lower surface position of the positioning transport body 2.
[0019]
The root conveyance body 3 is disposed at a downstream extension position in the same direction as the positioning conveyance body 2, extends longer to the rear, and is formed by contacting the belt facing surfaces of a pair of elastic endless belts from the left and right sides. The root conveyance body 3 has the upstream pulley shaft 20 that is a drive shaft as the downstream pulley shaft 20 that is the drive shaft of the positioning conveyance body 2, and the upstream tip portion of the root conveyance body 3 and the positioning conveyance body 2. It arrange | positions so that a downstream rear-end part may overlap. Root carrier 3 sandwich the lower side portion position of the foliage AL root crops A conveyed from the positioning carrier 2 in the first holding position foliage lower portion. The clamping force of the root conveyance body 3 is stronger than the clamping force of the positioning conveyance body 2. A horizontal roller or bar 90 and a cradle 9 are provided below the downstream end of the root carrier 3, the lower part of the root AR is brought into contact, the root AR is tilted sideways, and is easily arranged on the cradle 9. .
[0020]
The foliage transporter 4 is disposed above the root transporter 3 at an interval where a rotary cutter as a cutting device 5 can be provided. The foliage transporter 4 is formed by contacting the opposite surfaces of the pair of elastic endless belts from the left and right sides, and uses the downstream pulley shaft 40 as a drive shaft. The upstream pulley shaft 41 of the foliage transporter 4 is disposed on the upstream side of the common drive shaft 20 of the positioning transporter 2 and the root transporter 3 and close to each other. From the detachment position 21 and the foliage lower part first nipping position of the root part conveyance body 3, the foliage upper part first nipping position 42 of the foliage part conveyance body 4 is disposed upstream. In this embodiment, the upstream pulley shaft 41 is located 45 mm upstream from the drive shaft 20. The diameter of the upstream pulley of the foliage transporter 4 is smaller than the diameter of the upstream pulley of the root transporter 3.
[0021]
A rotary cutter which is a cutting device 5 is provided downstream of the foliage transporter 4 and the root transporter 3, and the position of the rotary blade of the rotary cutter is determined by the elastic endless belt of the foliage transporter 4 and the root transporter 3. Is provided at a position where the belt facing surface contacts.
[0022]
The conveyance speed of the root part conveyance body 3 is set faster than the conveyance speed of the foliage part conveyance body 4. In this embodiment, the conveyance speed ratio is root conveyance body: foliage conveyance body = 18/15, and is preferably about 1.2 times. The conveyance foliage AL is in relation to the rotary blade surface of the rotary cutter 5. It is sufficient if the conveyance speed ratio is substantially perpendicular. In this embodiment, the conveyance speed of the root conveyance body 3 is 0.689 m / s, and the conveyance speed of the foliage conveyance body 4 is 0.574 m / s.
[0023]
The foliage discharger 8 is formed of an endless belt with claws, and only the upper foliage AL0 cut by the cutting device 5 is hooked on the claws and conveyed to the foliage discharge chute 80. The cut foliage portion AL0 is discharged from the foliage discharge shoe 80 to the field.
[0024]
A control unit 11 is provided in front of the right position on the traveling vehicle 10. The worker (driver) B1 sits on the control seat of the control unit 11 and causes the traveling vehicle 10 to travel.
[0025]
A crane unit 12 is provided at the rear of the control seat of the control unit 11. The crane unit 12 is provided with a support frame horizontally at the front part on the work floor 14 provided at the rear part of the traveling vehicle 10, that is, at the center in the front-rear direction of the traveling vehicle 10, and the swivel column 120 is vertically arranged on the support frame. Set up. The standing position of the swivel column 120 is provided at a position close to the center of gravity of the entire root vegetable harvesting machine.
[0026]
The swivel column 120 is provided with a boom 121 that can rotate 360 degrees around the swivel column 120. The boom 121 is provided with a hoisting cylinder 122 between the boom 120 and the boom 121, and the boom 121 pivots up and down with the upper part of the pivot 120 as a pivot. The front part of the boom 121 can be expanded and contracted by an extendable cylinder 123 made of a hydraulic cylinder. A telescopic wire 124 is suspended from the end of the boom 121 in the vertical direction so that the length can be freely adjusted. A hook 125 is provided at the tip of the wire 124. The crane part 12 is controlled by the control part provided in the support frame.
[0027]
A root vegetable storage container 13, which is a root vegetable storage portion, is detachably provided on the work floor 14 at a rear position on the traveling vehicle 10. The root vegetable storage container 13 is disposed detachably from the traveling vehicle 1 with an upper surface opened at a position slightly closer to the crane portion 12 side on the traveling vehicle 1. A hanging rope is provided on the upper surface of the root vegetable storage container 13, and the hanging rope can be locked to a hook 125 at the tip of the wire 124 of the crane portion 12.
[0028]
At the rear of the support frame of the crane unit 12, a work floor 14 that is in contact with the cradle 9 and the root vegetable storage container 13 and is surrounded by the swivel column 120 of the crane unit 12, the cradle 9 and the root vegetable storage container 13 is disposed. One or two workers (auxiliaries) B2 are arranged on the work floor.
[0029]
Next, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described. The traveling vehicle 10 travels by an operator (driver) B1 of the control unit 11. When arriving at the field, the lifting frame 101 is rotated to lower the tip, and the tip of the transporting body 1 is lowered to near the field scene. The root vegetables A such as a row of radishes planted in the field first causes the stem and leaf part AL that has fallen back and forth and left and right by the horizontal projection of the device 7 to cause the tip and leaf part of the tip.
[0030]
The caused foliage portion AL is pulled out with the relatively upper portion of the foliage portion AL being pulled out by the pullout portion 1a at the upstream end of the pair of left and right elastic endless belts of the pullout conveyance body 1, and conveyed obliquely rearward as it is. . At this time, the soil is vibrated by the soiler device 6 located on the side of the extraction portion 1a to facilitate extraction of the root AR.
[0031]
The root vegetables A that are nipped and conveyed by the upper part of the stem and leaf part AL by the pulling carrier 1 are pulled up further by the pulling carrier 2 while holding the lower part of the stem and leaf part AL by the positioning carrier 2. The shoulder that is the upper end contacts the lower surface of the positioning carrier 2. Therefore, the root vegetables A to be conveyed are determined in the vertical position of the foliage part AL, and the foliage cutting positions of all the root vegetables A are constant from the upper end of the root part AR.
[0032]
Since the root vegetables A is sandwiched by the first nipping position 42 of the foliage upper part of the foliage part transport body 4 located on the upstream side of the foliage part separation position 21 on the downstream side of the positioning transport body 2, it does not fall. The upper part of the foliage part AL is sandwiched by the foliage part transport body 4 as it is, and the lower part of the foliage part AL is sandwiched and transported by the root part transport body 3.
[0033]
As it is, the root vegetables A are transported downstream, and are cut by the rotary cutter 5 positioned between the root transport body 3 and the foliage transport body 4. At this time, the conveyance speed of the root part conveyance body 3 is faster than the conveyance speed of the foliage part conveyance body 4. In this embodiment, the conveyance speed ratio is approximately 1.2 times when the root conveyance body: the foliage conveyance body = 18/15, the conveyance speed of the root conveyance body 3 is 0.689 m / s, and the foliage conveyance body. 4 is 0.574 m / s. Therefore, even if the root portion AR is oriented in the vertical direction due to its own weight, the orientation of the foliage portion AL is oblique, and the foliage portion AL strikes at a substantially right angle with respect to the rotary blade of the rotary cutter 5. Therefore, the cutting angle of the foliage portion AL is perpendicular to the root vegetable longitudinal direction, the cut surfaces of several cm of leaves remaining in the root AR are perpendicular to the root vegetable longitudinal direction, and the foliage length is substantially constant. Therefore, the product value of the root AR that is a product is improved.
[0034]
The cut foliage upper part AL0 is transported from the foliage transporter 4 to the foliage discharge chute 80 by the foliage discharger 8 and discharged to the field.
[0035]
The root AR of the root vegetable A, from which the upper part of the stem and leaf part AL has been cut, is transported to the upper position of the cradle 9 by the elastic endless belt of the root transport body 3 and hits the roller or bar 90 so as to face sideways by the worker B2. Are immediately stored in the root vegetable storage container 13 from the cradle 9.
[0036]
Further, when the root AR is accumulated in the root vegetable storage container 13, the traveling vehicle 10 is stopped, and the worker B1 who is a driver getting off the traveling vehicle 10 operates the control unit 126 of the crane unit 12. The position of the hook 125 of the crane unit 12 can be moved up and down, back and forth, and right and left around the swivel column 120. The swivel column 120 is provided close to the center of gravity of the root vegetables harvester. Therefore, even if the root vegetable storage container 13 is filled with root vegetables and has a weight, the root vegetable storage container 13 can be safely loaded and unloaded at any location around the root vegetable harvesting machine.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
Therefore, among the foliage transporter that sandwiches the upper part of the foliage and the root transporter that sandwiches the lower part, the root transporter that sandwiches the lower part is relatively faster than the transport speed of the upper foliage transporter, Even if root vegetables are oriented vertically by the weight of the root part, the lower part of the foliage (near the root part) is transported relatively faster than the upper part of the foliage part, so the foliage part becomes oblique to the horizontal plane and the cutting device It cuts in contact with the (rotating cutter blade surface) at a substantially right angle. Therefore, the lengths of the leaves and leaves left at the roots of the root vegetables are uniform, and the cut surface is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the root vegetables. Therefore, the product value is improved.
[0038]
Moreover, since the positioning of the stem and leaf part of the root vegetables is ensured, the cutting position of the stem and leaf part becomes constant, and the length of the stem and leaves remaining in the root part can be made constant, thereby improving the commercial value.
[0039]
In addition, regardless of the various weights of one root vegetable, the foliage part can be securely clamped and falling during transportation can be prevented.
[0040]
Even root vegetables with short stems and leaves can be reliably delivered between transport bodies, and can be prevented from falling during transport.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view. FIG. 3 is a side view. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged front view of a carrier. FIG. 6 is an explanatory front view illustrating the conveyance and cutting of root vegetables. FIG. 7 is an explanatory front view illustrating the conveyance and cutting of conventional root vegetables.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pull-out conveyance body 2 Positioning conveyance body 21 Stem and leaf separation position 3 Root part conveyance body 4 Foliage part conveyance body
42 first upper nipping position of 42 foliage 5 cutting device (rotating cutter)
6 Soiler device 7 Stem and leaf part raising device 8 Stem and leaf part ejector 9 Receptacle 90 Roller or bar 10 Traveling vehicle 100 Crawler traveling device 101 Lifting frame 11 Steering part 12 Crane part 13 Root vegetable storage part (root vegetable storage container)
14 Work Floor 20 Multi-sheet Cutting Device 200 Supporting Section 203 Rotating Cutter A Root Vegetables AL Root Vegetables Stalks and Leaves AL0 Cut Stalks and Leaves AR Roots of Root Vegetables (Root Vegetables)
B1 Driver B2 Worker

Claims

自走可能な走行車に備えられ、圃場に植えられた根菜の茎葉部を挟持して根菜類を引き抜きそのまま挟持して後上方向に搬送する引き抜き搬送体と、引き抜き搬送体の下方に位置し引き抜き搬送体とは搬送下流側ほど間隔を広げるように角度を有しかつ水平方向とは角度を有して前傾して設けられ引き抜き搬送体から送られてくる根菜類を挟持しながら根菜類の根部上端近くを位置決めしながら挟持搬送する位置決め搬送体と、位置決め搬送体の下流側延長位置に同方向に前傾して設けられ位置決め搬送体から送られてくる根菜類の茎葉部下方部分を挟持し後方に搬送する根部搬送体と、根菜類の茎葉部を挟持し後方に搬送する茎葉部搬送体とを設け、根部搬送体と茎葉部搬送体との間に根菜類の茎葉部を切断する切断装置とを設けるとともに、
根部搬送体および茎葉部搬送体の下流側後端を切断装置より後方に延長し、切断された根菜類の根部と茎葉部を独立して後方に搬送し、
かつ根部搬送体の搬送速度を、茎葉部搬送体の搬送速度より速い搬送速度に設定することにより根部が自重により垂直方向を向いた姿勢においても茎葉部の向きは切断装置までの間において根部搬送体及び切断装置と直交する姿勢になり切断装置による茎葉部の切断面が根部長手方向と直角となるような前傾角度を有して設けられる茎葉部搬送体及び切断装置であることを特徴とする根菜類の収穫機。It is equipped with a self-propelled traveling vehicle, sandwiches the roots and leaves of the root vegetables planted in the field, pulls out the root vegetables as they are and transports them in the rear upward direction, and is located below the pulling transport body The pulling carrier has an angle so that the interval becomes wider toward the downstream side of the conveyance and is inclined forward with an angle with respect to the horizontal direction, while root vegetables are sandwiched between the root vegetables sent from the drawing carrier. A positioning transport body that sandwiches and transports while positioning the vicinity of the upper end of the root of the root portion, and a lower part of the stem and leaf portion of the root vegetable that is provided forwardly inclined in the same direction at the downstream extension position of the positioning transport body and sent from the positioning transport body A root transport body that sandwiches and transports the roots and a foliage transport body that grips and transports the roots and leaves of the root vegetables are provided, and the roots and leaves of the root vegetables are cut between the root transport body and the foliage transport body. And a cutting device to perform ,
Extend the downstream rear end of the root transport body and the foliage transport body backward from the cutting device, independently transport the root and foliage of the cut root vegetables backward,
In addition, by setting the transport speed of the root transport body to a transport speed faster than the transport speed of the foliage transport body , even if the root is in the vertical direction due to its own weight, the orientation of the foliage is transported to the cutting device. A foliage transporter and a cutting device provided with a forward tilt angle such that the cutting surface of the foliage by the cutting device is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the root, and the posture is orthogonal to the body and the cutting device. Root crop harvesting machine.

自走可能な走行車に備えられ、圃場に植えられた根菜の茎葉部を挟持して根菜類を引き抜きそのまま挟持して後上方向に搬送する引き抜き搬送体と、引き抜き搬送体の下方に位置し引き抜き搬送体とは搬送下流側ほど間隔を広げるように角度を有しかつ水平方向とは角度を有して前傾して設けられ引き抜き搬送体から送られてくる根菜類を挟持しながら根菜類の根部上端近くを位置決めしながら挟持搬送する位置決め搬送体と、位置決め搬送体の下流側延長位置に同方向に前傾して設けられ位置決め搬送体から送られてくる根菜類の茎葉部下方部分を挟持し後方に搬送する根部搬送体と、根菜類の茎葉部を挟持し後方に搬送する茎葉部搬送体とを設け、根部搬送体と茎葉部搬送体との間に根菜類の茎葉部を切断する切断装置とを設けるとともに、
根部搬送体および茎葉部搬送体の下流側後端を切断装置より後方に延長し、切断された根菜類の根部と茎葉部を独立して後方に搬送し、
かつ根部搬送体の搬送速度を、茎葉部搬送体の搬送速度より速い搬送速度に設定することにより根部が自重により垂直方向を向いた姿勢においても茎葉部の向きは切断装置までの間において根部搬送体及び切断装置と直交する姿勢になり切断装置による茎葉部の切断面が根部長手方向と直角となるような前傾角度を有して設けられる茎葉部搬送体及び切断装置であるとともに、
位置決め搬送体の茎葉部挟持力が、引き抜き搬送体および根部搬送体の茎葉部挟持力より弱い挟持力であることを特徴とする根菜類の収穫機。It is equipped with a self-propelled traveling vehicle, sandwiches the roots and leaves of the root vegetables planted in the field, pulls out the root vegetables as they are and transports them in the rear upward direction, and is located below the pulling transport body The pulling carrier has an angle so that the interval becomes wider toward the downstream side of the conveyance and is inclined forward with an angle with respect to the horizontal direction, while root vegetables are sandwiched between the root vegetables sent from the drawing carrier. A positioning transport body that sandwiches and transports while positioning the vicinity of the upper end of the root of the root portion, and a lower part of the stem and leaf portion of the root vegetable that is provided forwardly inclined in the same direction at the downstream extension position of the positioning transport body and sent from the positioning transport body A root transport body that sandwiches and transports the roots and a foliage transport body that grips and transports the roots and leaves of the root vegetables are provided, and the roots and leaves of the root vegetables are cut between the root transport body and the foliage transport body. And a cutting device to perform ,
Extend the downstream rear end of the root transport body and the foliage transport body backward from the cutting device, independently transport the root and foliage of the cut root vegetables backward,
In addition, by setting the transport speed of the root transport body to a transport speed faster than the transport speed of the foliage transport body , even if the root is in the vertical direction due to its own weight, the orientation of the foliage is transported to the cutting device. A foliage transporter and cutting device provided with a forward tilt angle such that the cutting surface of the foliage portion by the cutting device is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the root, and the posture is orthogonal to the body and the cutting device ;
A root vegetable harvesting machine characterized in that the pinching force of the positioning carrier is less than the pinching force of the pulling carrier and the root carrier.

自走可能な走行車に備えられ、圃場に植えられた根菜の茎葉部を挟持して根菜類を引き抜きそのまま挟持して後上方向に搬送する引き抜き搬送体と、引き抜き搬送体の下方に位置し引き抜き搬送体とは搬送下流側ほど間隔を広げるように角度を有しかつ水平方向とは角度を有して前傾して設けられ引き抜き搬送体から送られてくる根菜類を挟持しながら根菜類の根部上端近くを位置決めしながら挟持搬送する位置決め搬送体と、位置決め搬送体の下流側延長位置に同方向に前傾して設けられ位置決め搬送体から送られてくる根菜類の茎葉部下方部分を挟持し後方に搬送する根部搬送体と、根菜類の茎葉部を挟持し後方に搬送する茎葉部搬送体とを設け、根部搬送体と茎葉部搬送体との間に根菜類の茎葉部を切断する切断装置とを設けるとともに、
根部搬送体および茎葉部搬送体の下流側後端を切断装置より後方に延長し、切断された根菜類の根部と茎葉部を独立して後方に搬送し、
かつ根部搬送体の搬送速度を、茎葉部搬送体の搬送速度より速い搬送速度に設定することにより根部が自重により垂直方向を向いた姿勢においても茎葉部の向きは切断装置までの間において根部搬送体及び切断装置と直交する姿勢になり切断装置による茎葉部の切断面が根部長手方向と直角となるような前傾角度を有して設けられる茎葉部搬送体及び切断装置であるとともに、
茎葉部搬送体の茎葉上方部第１挟持位置が、位置決め搬送体の茎葉離脱位置および根部搬送体の茎葉下方部第１挟持位置より上流側に位置することを特徴とする根菜類の収穫機。It is equipped with a self-propelled traveling vehicle, sandwiches the roots and leaves of the root vegetables planted in the field, pulls out the root vegetables as they are and transports them in the rear upward direction, and is located below the pulling transport body The pulling carrier has an angle so that the interval becomes wider toward the downstream side of the conveyance and is inclined forward with an angle with respect to the horizontal direction, while root vegetables are sandwiched between the root vegetables sent from the drawing carrier. A positioning transport body that sandwiches and transports while positioning the vicinity of the upper end of the root of the root portion, and a lower part of the stem and leaf portion of the root vegetable that is provided forwardly inclined in the same direction at the downstream extension position of the positioning transport body and sent from the positioning transport body A root transport body that sandwiches and transports the roots and a foliage transport body that grips and transports the roots and leaves of the root vegetables are provided, and the roots and leaves of the root vegetables are cut between the root transport body and the foliage transport body. And a cutting device to perform ,
Extend the downstream rear end of the root transport body and the foliage transport body backward from the cutting device, independently transport the root and foliage of the cut root vegetables backward,
In addition, by setting the transport speed of the root transport body to a transport speed faster than the transport speed of the foliage transport body , even if the root is in the vertical direction due to its own weight, the orientation of the foliage is transported to the cutting device. A foliage transporter and cutting device provided with a forward tilt angle such that the cutting surface of the foliage portion by the cutting device is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the root, and the posture is orthogonal to the body and the cutting device ;
A root vegetable harvesting machine, wherein a first nipping position of a foliage upper part of the foliage transporter is located upstream of a foliage detachment position of the positioning freighter and a first lowering part of a foliage lower part of the root conveyer.