JP3858630B2 - Desulfurization method of molten iron alloy - Google Patents

Desulfurization method of molten iron alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3858630B2
JP3858630B2 JP2001181991A JP2001181991A JP3858630B2 JP 3858630 B2 JP3858630 B2 JP 3858630B2 JP 2001181991 A JP2001181991 A JP 2001181991A JP 2001181991 A JP2001181991 A JP 2001181991A JP 3858630 B2 JP3858630 B2 JP 3858630B2
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Prior art keywords
molten iron
iron alloy
desulfurization
desulfurizing agent
desulfurizing
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JP2002371310A (en
Inventor
裕史 鶴丸
健 朝比奈
守 須田
俊生 藤村
寛 野村
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法に係わり、特に、溶銑の予備脱硫処理を従来より低コストで行う技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、高品質鋼材の需要が増すにつれ、硫黄含有量の低い溶融鉄合金を溶製する要求が強まっている。現在、この脱硫は、製鋼での精錬負荷やトータル・コストの低減を図るため、転炉等の製鋼炉へ溶融鉄合金(主として、溶銑)を装入する前に行われることが多い(これを溶銑予備処理という)。そして、その方法は、通常、精錬容器として混銑車や取鍋を用い、そこに保持した溶融鉄合金へ、キャリア・ガスで脱硫剤を吹き込み、あるいは吹きつけて攪拌することで行っている。また、脱硫剤としては、以前は、CaO系、Na2O系、CaC2系のものが使用されていたが、コストが高いこと及びその後のスラグ処理が難しいことに鑑み、現在では、酸化物系あるいは炭酸塩系のものの使用が盛んになっている。
【0003】
例えば、本出願人は、先に特開昭60−26607号公報にて、CaO源として炭酸カルシウム及び/又は生石灰を主成分とし、アルカリ金属もしくはアルカリ土類金属のハロゲン化物を融剤に用いる溶銑用脱硫剤にして、石炭系の炭化水素、ナフトール及びカルバゾールの少なくとも一種の有機化合物を、3〜20重量%の範囲に内割り配合してなる溶銑の吹き込み脱硫用処理剤を提案している。ここで、石炭系炭化水素を3〜20重量%含む有機物質を混合するようにしたのは、炭化水素で脱硫反応を促進させるためである。また、最近、特開2001−20006号公報にて、容器内に保持した溶融鉄合金の浴面上から脱硫剤を投入すると共に前記溶融鉄合金を攪拌する溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法において、炭化水素ガスを含むガスを前記溶融鉄合金の浴面に吹き付けるか、又は炭化水素ガスを発生する物質を前記溶融鉄合金の浴面に添加する脱硫方法も提案している。なお、この場合、前記炭化水素を発生する固体物質は、石炭、廃棄物の熱処理又は乾留処理によって製造される炭素を主体とする物質であることが好ましいとしている。
【0004】
しかしながら、特開昭60−26607号公報記載の脱硫剤は、高価な有機物質を使用するので、従来よりコスト・アップになるという問題があった。また、特開2001−20006号公報記載の脱硫方法で使用する炭化水素を発生する固体物質は、炭化水素ガスの使用時に比べて、炭化水素の発生量が0.2〜0.3リットル/kg(標準状態)と少なく、かなり多量に添加しないと、脱硫反応の促進が十分に発揮できないという欠点を有していた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑み、炭化水素を発生する固体物質の量が従来より少なくても、効率良く、且つ低コストで脱硫が可能な溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法を提供することを目的としている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者は、上記目的を達成するため、従来より炭化水素の発生量が多くて、且つ安価な固体物質の発見に鋭意努力し、その成果を本発明に具現化した。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、混銑車に保侍した溶融鉄合金にランスを介してキャリア・ガスで脱硫剤を吹き込む溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法において、前記脱硫剤に炭化水素を90質量%以上含有するトナー粉を混合することを特徴とする溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法である。
【0008】
また、本発明は、機械式攪拌装置を備えた取鍋に保持した溶融鉄合金の浴面上へ脱硫剤を添加する溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法において、前記脱硫剤にトナー粉を混合することを特徴とする溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法である。
【0009】
さらに、本発明は、前記脱硫剤をCaO系とすると共に、前記トナー粉の混合量を脱硫剤全体の2〜50質量%としたり、あるいは前記溶融鉄合金が溶銑であることが好ましい。
【0010】
本発明では、炭化水素を発生する固体物質にトナー粉を使用するようにしたので、石炭や廃棄物の熱処理物に比べ炭化水素の発生量が多くなり、且つ脱硫剤が従来より安価になる。その結果、炭化水素を発生する固体物質の量が従来より少なくても、効率良く、且つ低コストで脱硫が可能になった。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、発明をなすに至った経緯に沿い、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
【0012】
まず、炭化水素が溶融鉄合金(ここでは、溶銑)の脱硫反応を促進する原理を述べる。一般に、CaO系脱硫剤による溶銑の脱硫反応は、下記の(1)式で表される。(1)式中の[S]は溶銑中の硫黄(記号:S)濃度を示す。また、(1)式中で還元剤として脱硫反応に寄与する[C]は、溶銑中の炭素(記号:C)濃度であり、(CaS)は、スラグ中の硫化カルシウム(CaS)濃度であり、硫黄がCaSとしてスラグ中に移行し、除去されることを示す。
【0013】
[S]+CaO+[C] → (CaS)+CO ……(1)
この(1)式に基づく溶銑の脱硫を行なう際に、還元性のある炭化水素系物質を溶銑中に吹き込むと、該炭化水素系物質は分解し、下記(2)により水素ガスを発生する。
【0014】
CnHm → nC + m/2 H2 ……(2)
また、この水素ガスとCaO系脱硫剤とによる脱硫反応は、(3)式で示す通りであり、(1)式で示した溶銑中Cによる還元反応に比べて還元力が高いため、一層脱S反応が促進されるようになる。
【0015】
[S]+CaO+H2 → (CaS)+H2O ……(3)
この炭化水素として固体物質を採用する場合、従来は、前記した石炭や廃棄物の熱処理物が提案されていた。本発明では、それらに代え、例えば複写機等で発生する使用済みの廃トナー粉、あるいはトナー粉の製造段階で発生する規格外品等を使用することにしたのである。これらのトナー粉は、現在、工業廃棄物として再利用されておらず、安価に入手できる。また、表1にその組成を示すように、スチレン・ブチルアクリレートの共重合物、ポリプロピレンのような炭化水素で90質量%以上を占め、kg当たりの炭化水素発生量が石炭や廃棄物の熱処理物に比べ格段多くなるからである。つまり、本発明は、溶銑または溶鋼中に粉状の脱硫剤を吹き込む溶銑の脱硫方法において、脱硫剤に固体炭化水素源を混合するものである。例えば、図1に示すように、混銑車1に保持した溶融鉄合金2に、筒状のランス3を浸漬し、ホッパ4内の脱硫剤5を該ランス3を介してキャリア・ガス6で気送して吹き込むのである。その際、脱硫剤5に、トナー粉を混合しておけば、容易に本発明が実施できる。なお、本発明では、脱硫剤の種類を特に限定しないが、最近の傾向からCaO系(焼石灰を主体とする)の使用が安価であり好ましい。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0003858630
【0017】
この場合、発明者の調査によれば、トナー粉の混合量は、該トナー粉を含めた全CaO系脱硫剤の2〜50質量%とするのが良い。2質量%未満では、脱硫反応の促進効果が出現せず、50質量%超えだと、脱硫促進効果が飽和し、それ以上添加したものが無駄になるからである。なお、トナー粉の粒度は数〜十数μmの超微粒子であり、キャリア・ガスによる気送は容易である。
【0018】
加えて、本発明は、図2に示すように、取鍋8に溶融鉄合金2を保持し、インペラのような機械式攪拌装置9で該溶融鉄合金2を攪拌しながら、トナー粉を混合した脱硫剤5を浴面上に添加して脱硫するようにしても良い。ただし、この場合は、トナー粉の粒径は、前記した毎く、超微粒子のため予め造粒して、あるいは脱硫剤5に十分に混合して添加するようにして、前記溶融鉄合金2の浴面上に発生する上昇流等による飛散防止を図ることが望ましい。例えば、造粒では0.5mm以上、好ましくは1mm以上として飛散を妨げば良く、一旦溶融鉄合金2浴面に達すれば攪拌により浴中に巻き込まれ、何ら問題はない。
【0019】
【実施例】
図1に示した混銑車1に保持した溶銑2に、ホッパ4に貯留した脱硫剤5を吹き込む溶銑予備処理を行った。なお、混銑車1の容量は、250トン、脱硫剤5としては、CaO系脱硫剤に、全体で10質量%となるように、粒径数〜十数μmの超微粒子である廃トナー粉を混合したものを用いた。その吹き込み速度は、0.6kg/min/tonとし、キャリア・ガスには、N2 ガスを利用した。
【0020】
また、本発明の効果を確認するため、ほぼ同様の条件で、脱硫剤にトナー粉を混合しない従来の溶銑予備処理も行った。
【0021】
操業結果を、脱硫剤の使用量を従来とほぼ同量とした場合の操業結果を表2に一括して示すと共に、脱硫剤の脱硫能力及び脱硫剤添加による温度降下量に及ぼす脱硫剤原単位の影響を図3及び図4に示す。ここで、脱硫能力は、ln[S]i/[S]fで表し、脱硫前の溶銑中硫黄濃度[S]iと脱硫後の溶銑中硫黄濃度[S]fとの対数比である。
【0022】
【表2】
Figure 0003858630
【0023】
図3より、本発明に係る脱硫方法によれば、従来の方法によるよりも脱硫能力が高いことが明らかである。また、図4より、溶銑温度の降下量は、本発明に係る脱硫方法の方が降下量が小さく、好ましいことが明らかである。さらに、図5によって、本発明に係るトナー粉混合率の限定範囲が正しいことが確認できた。なお、このことは、操業コストが従来より大幅に低下を示唆するものである。また、上記実施例では、溶融鉄合金を溶銑としたが、本発明は、それに限らず、溶鋼を始めとしたいかなる溶融鉄合金にも適用できることは言うまでもない。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明により、石炭や廃棄物の熱処理物に比べ、炭化水素の発生量が多くなり、且つ脱硫剤が従来より安価になる。その結果、炭化水素を発生する固体物質の量が従来より少なくても、効率良く、且つ低コストで脱硫が可能になった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】精錬容器に混銑車を用いた本発明の実施状況を示す横断面図である。
【図2】精錬容器に機械攪拌装置付きの取鍋を用いた本発明の実施状況を示す横断面図である。
【図3】脱硫剤原単位と脱硫剤の脱硫能力との関係を示す図である。
【図4】脱硫剤原単位と溶銑温度降下量との関係を示す図である。
【図5】脱硫剤の脱硫能力と脱硫剤中のトナー粉混合率との関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 混銑車
2 溶融鉄合金(溶銑)
3 ランス
4 ホッパ
5 脱硫剤
6 キャリア・ガス
7 フード
8 取鍋
9 機械式攪拌装置
10 脱硫剤投入装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a molten iron alloy desulfurization method, and more particularly, to a technique for performing hot metal preliminary desulfurization treatment at a lower cost than before.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, as the demand for high-quality steel materials has increased, there has been an increasing demand for melting molten iron alloys having a low sulfur content. Currently, this desulfurization is often performed before charging molten iron alloy (mainly hot metal) into a steelmaking furnace such as a converter in order to reduce the refining load and total cost in steelmaking. This is called hot metal pretreatment. The method is usually performed by using a kneading wheel or ladle as a refining vessel, and blowing or dehydrating a desulfurizing agent with a carrier gas into the molten iron alloy held there. In addition, as a desulfurization agent, CaO-based, Na 2 O-based, and CaC 2 -based ones have been used in the past. However, in view of the high cost and difficulty in the subsequent slag treatment, oxides are currently used. The use of the system or carbonate type is becoming popular.
[0003]
For example, the present applicant previously disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-26607 a hot metal containing calcium carbonate and / or quicklime as a CaO source as a main component and using an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide as a flux. As a desulfurization agent, a hot metal blowing desulfurization treatment agent is proposed in which at least one organic compound of a coal-based hydrocarbon, naphthol and carbazole is blended in an amount of 3 to 20% by weight. Here, the reason why the organic substance containing 3 to 20% by weight of the coal-based hydrocarbon is mixed is to promote the desulfurization reaction with the hydrocarbon. Recently, in JP-A-2001-20006, in a desulfurization method for a molten iron alloy in which a desulfurizing agent is introduced from a bath surface of the molten iron alloy held in a vessel and the molten iron alloy is stirred, A desulfurization method is also proposed in which a gas containing a gas is blown onto the molten iron alloy bath surface, or a substance that generates a hydrocarbon gas is added to the molten iron alloy bath surface. In this case, the solid substance that generates the hydrocarbon is preferably a substance mainly composed of carbon produced by heat treatment or dry distillation treatment of coal and waste.
[0004]
However, the desulfurization agent described in JP-A-60-26607 uses an expensive organic substance, and thus has a problem that the cost is increased as compared with the prior art. Further, the solid substance that generates hydrocarbons used in the desulfurization method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-20006 has a hydrocarbon generation amount of 0.2 to 0.3 liter / kg as compared with the use of hydrocarbon gas. There is a drawback that the desulfurization reaction cannot be sufficiently promoted unless it is added in a very small amount (standard state).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for desulfurizing a molten iron alloy that can be desulfurized efficiently and at a low cost even when the amount of a solid substance that generates hydrocarbons is smaller than that in the past. .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the inventor diligently tried to find a solid material that has a larger amount of generated hydrocarbons and is less expensive than the conventional one, and the results have been embodied in the present invention.
[0007]
That is, the present invention relates to a method for desulfurizing a molten iron alloy in which a desulfurizing agent is blown with a carrier gas into a molten iron alloy held in a kneading vehicle via a lance, and the toner contains 90% by mass or more of hydrocarbons in the desulfurizing agent. A desulfurization method for a molten iron alloy characterized by mixing powder.
[0008]
The present invention also relates to a method for desulfurizing a molten iron alloy in which a desulfurizing agent is added onto a bath surface of the molten iron alloy held in a ladle equipped with a mechanical stirring device, wherein toner powder is mixed with the desulfurizing agent. This is a desulfurization method for a molten iron alloy.
[0009]
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the desulfurizing agent is CaO-based, the amount of the toner powder mixed is 2 to 50% by mass of the entire desulfurizing agent, or the molten iron alloy is hot metal.
[0010]
In the present invention, since toner powder is used as a solid substance that generates hydrocarbons, the amount of generated hydrocarbons is larger than that of heat-treated products of coal and waste, and the desulfurization agent is less expensive than before. As a result, desulfurization can be performed efficiently and at low cost even if the amount of solid substances that generate hydrocarbons is smaller than before.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be described in accordance with the circumstances leading to the invention.
[0012]
First, the principle by which hydrocarbons accelerate the desulfurization reaction of molten iron alloy (here, hot metal) will be described. Generally, the hot metal desulfurization reaction by the CaO-based desulfurizing agent is represented by the following formula (1). [S] in the formula (1) indicates the sulfur (symbol: S) concentration in the hot metal. [C] that contributes to the desulfurization reaction as a reducing agent in the formula (1) is the carbon (symbol: C) concentration in the hot metal, and (CaS) is the calcium sulfide (CaS) concentration in the slag. , Indicating that sulfur migrates into the slag as CaS and is removed.
[0013]
[S] + CaO + [C] → (CaS) + CO (1)
When hot metal desulfurization based on the formula (1) is performed, if a reducing hydrocarbon material is blown into the hot metal, the hydrocarbon material is decomposed to generate hydrogen gas according to the following (2).
[0014]
CnHm → nC + m / 2 H 2 (2)
In addition, the desulfurization reaction between the hydrogen gas and the CaO-based desulfurization agent is as shown in the equation (3), and since the reducing power is higher than the reduction reaction with hot metal C shown in the equation (1), the desulfurization reaction is further performed. The S reaction is promoted.
[0015]
[S] + CaO + H 2 → (CaS) + H 2 O (3)
In the case of adopting a solid substance as the hydrocarbon, conventionally, heat treatment products of the above-described coal and waste have been proposed. In the present invention, instead of these, used waste toner powder generated in, for example, a copying machine, or non-standard product generated in the manufacturing stage of toner powder is used. These toner powders are not currently reused as industrial waste and can be obtained at low cost. In addition, as shown in Table 1, the composition of styrene / butyl acrylate and hydrocarbons such as polypropylene account for 90% by mass or more, and the amount of generated hydrocarbons per kg is a heat-treated product of coal or waste. This is because it is much more than that. That is, the present invention mixes a solid hydrocarbon source with a desulfurizing agent in a hot metal desulfurizing method in which a powdery desulfurizing agent is blown into hot metal or molten steel. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical lance 3 is immersed in a molten iron alloy 2 held in a kneading wheel 1, and the desulfurizing agent 5 in the hopper 4 is removed with a carrier gas 6 through the lance 3. Send and blow. In this case, if the toner powder is mixed with the desulfurizing agent 5, the present invention can be easily implemented. In the present invention, the type of the desulfurizing agent is not particularly limited, but from the recent trend, use of a CaO system (mainly calcined lime) is inexpensive and preferable.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003858630
[0017]
In this case, according to the inventors' investigation, the mixing amount of the toner powder is preferably 2 to 50% by mass of the total CaO-based desulfurization agent including the toner powder. If the amount is less than 2% by mass, the effect of promoting the desulfurization reaction does not appear. If the amount exceeds 50% by mass, the effect of promoting the desulfurization is saturated, and the added amount is wasted. The particle size of the toner powder is ultrafine particles of several to several tens of μm, and it is easy to air with a carrier gas.
[0018]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the present invention holds the molten iron alloy 2 in the ladle 8 and mixes the toner powder while stirring the molten iron alloy 2 with a mechanical stirring device 9 such as an impeller. The desulfurizing agent 5 may be added to the bath surface for desulfurization. However, in this case, the particle size of the toner powder is, as described above, granulated in advance for ultrafine particles, or added sufficiently mixed with the desulfurizing agent 5 to add the molten iron alloy 2. It is desirable to prevent scattering due to an upward flow generated on the bath surface. For example, in granulation, it is only necessary to prevent scattering by 0.5 mm or more, preferably 1 mm or more. Once the molten iron alloy 2 bath surface is reached, it is caught in the bath by stirring and there is no problem.
[0019]
【Example】
A hot metal preliminary treatment for blowing the desulfurization agent 5 stored in the hopper 4 into the hot metal 2 held in the kneading wheel 1 shown in FIG. 1 was performed. The capacity of the kneading vehicle 1 is 250 tons, and the desulfurizing agent 5 is a CaO-based desulfurizing agent and waste toner powder that is ultrafine particles having a particle diameter of several to several tens of μm so as to be 10% by mass as a whole. A mixture was used. The blowing speed was 0.6 kg / min / ton, and N 2 gas was used as the carrier gas.
[0020]
In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, a conventional hot metal pretreatment in which toner powder is not mixed with the desulfurizing agent was performed under substantially the same conditions.
[0021]
Table 2 summarizes the operation results when the amount of desulfurizing agent used is almost the same as the conventional amount, and the desulfurization unit intensity that affects the desulfurization capacity of desulfurizing agent and the temperature drop due to the addition of desulfurizing agent. The influence of this is shown in FIGS. Here, the desulfurization capacity is represented by ln [S] i / [S] f, and is a logarithmic ratio between the sulfur concentration [S] i in the hot metal before desulfurization and the sulfur concentration [S] f in the hot metal after desulfurization.
[0022]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003858630
[0023]
From FIG. 3, it is clear that the desulfurization method according to the present invention has a higher desulfurization capacity than the conventional method. Further, it is clear from FIG. 4 that the amount of decrease in the hot metal temperature is preferable in the desulfurization method according to the present invention because the amount of decrease is smaller. Furthermore, it was confirmed from FIG. 5 that the limited range of the toner powder mixing rate according to the present invention was correct. This suggests that the operating cost is significantly lower than before. Moreover, in the said Example, although the molten iron alloy was used as the hot metal, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is applicable not only to this but to any molten iron alloys including molten steel.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the amount of generated hydrocarbons is increased and the desulfurizing agent is less expensive than the conventional one, as compared with the heat-treated products of coal and waste. As a result, desulfurization can be performed efficiently and at low cost even if the amount of solid substances that generate hydrocarbons is smaller than before.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an implementation of the present invention using a chaotic vehicle as a refining vessel.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the implementation of the present invention using a ladle with a mechanical stirrer in a refining vessel.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a desulfurizing agent basic unit and a desulfurizing ability of a desulfurizing agent.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the desulfurizing agent basic unit and the hot metal temperature drop.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between a desulfurization ability of a desulfurizing agent and a toner powder mixing ratio in the desulfurizing agent.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Chaotic wheel 2 Molten iron alloy (hot metal)
3 Lance 4 Hopper 5 Desulfurizing agent 6 Carrier gas 7 Hood 8 Ladle 9 Mechanical stirring device 10 Desulfurizing agent charging device

Claims (3)

混銑車に保侍した溶融鉄合金にランスを介してキャリア・ガスで脱硫剤を吹き込む溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法において、
前記脱硫剤に炭化水素を90質量%以上含有するトナー粉を混合することを特徴とする溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法。
In a desulfurization method of a molten iron alloy in which a desulfurization agent is blown with a carrier gas through a lance to the molten iron alloy protected in a kneading vehicle,
A method for desulfurizing a molten iron alloy, comprising mixing toner powder containing 90% by mass or more of hydrocarbon with the desulfurizing agent.
機械式攪拌装置を備えた取鍋に保持した溶融鉄合金の浴面上へ脱硫剤を添加する溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法において、
前記脱硫剤にトナー粉を混合することを特徴とする溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法。
In the desulfurization method of a molten iron alloy, a desulfurizing agent is added onto the molten iron alloy bath surface held in a ladle equipped with a mechanical stirring device.
A method for desulfurizing a molten iron alloy, comprising mixing toner powder with the desulfurizing agent.
前記脱硫剤をCaO系とすると共に、前記トナー粉の混合量を脱硫剤全体の2〜50質量%とすることを特徴とする請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の溶融鉄合金の脱硫方法。  3. The method for desulfurizing a molten iron alloy according to claim 1, wherein the desulfurizing agent is CaO-based, and the mixing amount of the toner powder is 2 to 50 mass% of the entire desulfurizing agent. .
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