JP3836871B1 - Power generation module - Google Patents
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- JP3836871B1 JP3836871B1 JP2006149066A JP2006149066A JP3836871B1 JP 3836871 B1 JP3836871 B1 JP 3836871B1 JP 2006149066 A JP2006149066 A JP 2006149066A JP 2006149066 A JP2006149066 A JP 2006149066A JP 3836871 B1 JP3836871 B1 JP 3836871B1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
【課題】熱電素子を利用した発電モジュールにおいて、熱電素子の放熱側を効率的に冷却して発電効率を向上させるとともに、シンプルな構造としてコストダウンを図る。
【解決手段】発電モジュール１０は、熱電素子１１の放熱面に、金属板１２と多孔質セラミックス１３が順次積層された構成とされている。金属板１１には導水管１５が接続されており、導水管１５の途中には、熱電素子１１の受熱面の温度に応じて開閉するサーモバルブ１４が設置されている。金属板１２の表面には、導水管１５を起点とする複数の導水溝が張り巡らされており、各導水溝の末端には、金属板１２を板厚方向に貫通する貫通孔が設けられている。本発電モジュール１０では、金属板１２に形成された導水溝および貫通孔を介して多孔質セラミックス１３に水Ｗを供給し、多孔質セラミックス１３に浸透した水Ｗが気化する際に奪う気化熱Ｖを利用して熱電素子１１の放熱面を冷却する。
【選択図】図１In a power generation module using a thermoelectric element, the heat radiation side of the thermoelectric element is efficiently cooled to improve the power generation efficiency, and the cost is reduced with a simple structure.
A power generation module has a structure in which a metal plate and a porous ceramic are sequentially laminated on a heat dissipation surface of a thermoelectric element. A water conduit 15 is connected to the metal plate 11, and a thermo valve 14 that opens and closes according to the temperature of the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 11 is installed in the middle of the water conduit 15. On the surface of the metal plate 12, a plurality of water guide grooves starting from the water guide pipe 15 are stretched, and a through hole penetrating the metal plate 12 in the thickness direction is provided at the end of each water guide groove. Yes. In the power generation module 10, water W is supplied to the porous ceramics 13 through the water guide grooves and through holes formed in the metal plate 12, and the heat of vaporization V taken away when the water W that has permeated the porous ceramics 13 is vaporized. Is used to cool the heat radiation surface of the thermoelectric element 11.
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、熱電素子を利用した発電モジュールに関する。 The present invention relates to a power generation module using a thermoelectric element.
近年、化石燃料の大量消費に伴って発生する二酸化炭素の増大に起因する地球温暖化が問題となっている。また一方では、エネルギー消費の増加は、これからも地球規模で確実であり、化石燃料の長年の大量消費によって今世紀中に化石燃料が枯渇することが予測されている。このため、環境への負荷が小さい新エネルギーを開発して、限りある資源の持続的有効利用を図ると同時に、地球温暖化を防止する必要がある。 In recent years, global warming due to an increase in carbon dioxide generated with mass consumption of fossil fuels has become a problem. On the other hand, the increase in energy consumption is certain on a global scale, and it is predicted that fossil fuels will be depleted during this century due to many years of mass consumption of fossil fuels. For this reason, it is necessary to develop new energy that has a low environmental impact, to ensure the sustainable and effective use of limited resources, and to prevent global warming.
例えば、特許文献１では、太陽電池素子の背面に蓄熱手段を介して熱電変換素子が配置された太陽光発電モジュールが提案されている。この太陽光発電モジュールによれば、太陽電池素子によって変換されなかったエネルギーを太陽電池素子から蓄熱手段に一旦、熱エネルギーの形で蓄積し、熱エネルギーを徐々に熱電変換していくことによって、太陽電池素子の実効的な変換効率の低下を抑制することができる。ここで、熱電変換素子とは、素子の両面に発生した温度差に応じた起電力を発生する素子であり、特許文献１では、熱電変換素子の両面温度差を極力大きくするため、熱電変換素子の放熱面にアルミニウムからなるヒートシンクが取り付けられている。 For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a solar power generation module in which a thermoelectric conversion element is disposed on the back surface of a solar cell element via a heat storage unit. According to this solar power generation module, energy that has not been converted by the solar cell element is temporarily stored in the form of thermal energy from the solar cell element in the form of thermal energy, and the solar energy is gradually converted into thermoelectric power, A decrease in effective conversion efficiency of the battery element can be suppressed. Here, the thermoelectric conversion element is an element that generates an electromotive force according to the temperature difference generated on both sides of the element. In Patent Document 1, in order to increase the temperature difference between both sides of the thermoelectric conversion element as much as possible, the thermoelectric conversion element A heat sink made of aluminum is attached to the heat radiation surface.
また、特許文献２では、太陽電池パネルと、太陽電池パネルの裏面に付設する熱発電素子と、熱発電素子の放熱側を冷却する冷却ユニットとを備えてなる太陽発電装置が開示されている。冷却ユニットは、温水タンクと、熱発電素子の放熱側に密着させる冷却パネルとを循環路で接続したものであり、水を冷媒としている。 Patent Document 2 discloses a solar power generation device including a solar cell panel, a thermoelectric generator attached to the back surface of the solar cell panel, and a cooling unit that cools the heat radiation side of the thermoelectric generator. The cooling unit is a unit in which a hot water tank and a cooling panel that is in close contact with the heat radiation side of the thermoelectric generator are connected by a circulation path, and water is used as a refrigerant.
しかしながら、特許文献１の発明では、熱電変換素子の冷却手段が空冷方式であるため、熱電変換素子の両面温度差がさほど大きくならず、発電効率が低いという問題がある。
また、特許文献２の発明では、熱発電素子の冷却手段として水冷方式を採用しているため、特許文献１の発明に比べて発電効率が向上するが、冷媒を循環させる必要があるため、発電装置が複雑になり、コストが掛かるという問題がある。
そこで、特許文献３では、太陽電池モジュール本体の裏面保護フィルムの裏面に合成繊維製の蒸発式冷却体を取り付けた発明が提案されている。この発明では、太陽電池モジュール本体の下端部に雨水を冷却用水として貯留する貯水部を取り付け、蒸発式冷却体の下端部を冷却用水に浸漬しておく。これにより、冷却用水が合成繊維製の蒸発式冷却体にしみ込み、太陽熱で昇温された太陽電池モジュール本体から気化熱を奪いながら蒸発式冷却体より水が蒸発し、太陽電池モジュール本体を冷却する。
Moreover, in the invention of Patent Document 2, since the water cooling method is adopted as the cooling means of the thermoelectric generator, the power generation efficiency is improved as compared with the invention of Patent Document 1, but it is necessary to circulate the refrigerant. There exists a problem that an apparatus becomes complicated and cost starts.
Therefore, Patent Document 3 proposes an invention in which an evaporative cooling body made of synthetic fiber is attached to the back surface of the back surface protective film of the solar cell module body. In this invention, the water storage part which stores rainwater as cooling water is attached to the lower end part of a solar cell module main body, and the lower end part of an evaporative cooling body is immersed in cooling water. As a result, the cooling water penetrates into the evaporative cooling body made of synthetic fiber, and the water evaporates from the evaporative cooling body while taking the heat of vaporization from the solar cell module body heated by solar heat, thereby cooling the solar cell module body. To do.
しかし、特許文献３に記載された発明の場合、毛細管現象を利用しているため、吸い上げ高さに限界があるうえ、蒸発式冷却体として合成繊維を使用しているため、吸放湿性能が低く、太陽電池モジュール本体を冷却するに足りる十分な気化熱が得られないという問題がある。また、雨水を冷却用水として使用するため、雨水タンク自体が暖められて効果が低下するうえ、長期間、雨が降らない場合には、冷却用水が枯渇してしまうおそれがある。加えて、粉塵等で、吸い上げができなくなることも考えられる。 However, in the case of the invention described in Patent Document 3, since the capillarity phenomenon is used, there is a limit to the suction height, and since synthetic fibers are used as the evaporative cooling body, the moisture absorption / release performance is There exists a problem that it is low and sufficient vaporization heat sufficient to cool a solar cell module main body cannot be obtained. In addition, since rainwater is used as cooling water, the rainwater tank itself is warmed to reduce the effect, and if it does not rain for a long time, the cooling water may be depleted. In addition, it may be impossible to suck up with dust or the like.
本発明は、上述する問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、熱電素子を利用した発電モジュールにおいて、熱電素子の放熱側を効率的に冷却して発電効率を向上させるとともに、シンプルな構造としてコストダウンを図ることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. In a power generation module using a thermoelectric element, the heat dissipation side of the thermoelectric element is efficiently cooled to improve power generation efficiency, and the cost can be reduced as a simple structure. It aims to plan.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る発電モジュールは、一方の面を受熱面とし、他方の面を放熱面とする熱電素子の放熱面に、金属板を介して多孔質セラミックスが配されてなり、前記多孔質セラミックスに水を供給するための導水溝および貫通孔が前記金属板に形成されていることを特徴としている。 In order to achieve the above object, a power generation module according to the present invention has porous ceramics disposed on a heat dissipation surface of a thermoelectric element having one surface as a heat receiving surface and the other surface as a heat dissipation surface via a metal plate. Thus, a water guide groove and a through hole for supplying water to the porous ceramics are formed in the metal plate.
本発明は、金属板に形成された導水溝を経由して貫通孔から多孔質セラミックスに水を供給し、多孔質セラミックスに浸透した水が気化する際に奪う気化熱を利用して、熱電素子の放熱面を冷却するものである。多孔質セラミックスは、内部に無数の微細な孔を有するセラミックスであり、吸放湿性能に優れているため、熱電素子を冷却するに足りる適度な水を多孔質セラミックスの内部に含浸させることができる。加えて、本発明では、水を循環させる必要がないので、構造がシンプルとなり、コストを低く抑えることができる。 The present invention relates to a thermoelectric element that utilizes water that is taken away when water that has penetrated into a porous ceramic is vaporized by supplying water to the porous ceramic from a through hole via a water guide groove formed in the metal plate. It cools the heat dissipation surface. Porous ceramics are ceramics with countless fine pores inside, and are excellent in moisture absorption and desorption performance, so that the inside of the porous ceramics can be impregnated with appropriate water sufficient to cool the thermoelectric element. . In addition, in the present invention, since it is not necessary to circulate water, the structure becomes simple and the cost can be kept low.
また、本発明に係る発電モジュールでは、前記熱電素子の受熱面に、太陽電池が配されていてもよい。
本発明では、熱電素子の受熱面に太陽電池を配することで、太陽熱だけでなく太陽光も発電に利用することができるうえ、太陽電池から発生する熱によって熱電素子の受熱面が、より高温となるため、熱電素子の受熱面と放熱面との間の温度差が拡大し、発電効率がさらに向上する。一方、太陽電池から熱電素子に熱流が移動するので、温度上昇に伴って発生する、光から電気への変換効率の低下が抑制される効果もある。
In the power generation module according to the present invention, a solar cell may be arranged on the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element.
In the present invention, by arranging the solar cell on the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element, not only solar heat but also sunlight can be used for power generation, and the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element is heated to a higher temperature by the heat generated from the solar cell. Therefore, the temperature difference between the heat receiving surface and the heat radiating surface of the thermoelectric element is increased, and the power generation efficiency is further improved. On the other hand, since the heat flow moves from the solar cell to the thermoelectric element, there is also an effect of suppressing a decrease in light-to-electricity conversion efficiency that occurs with an increase in temperature.
また、本発明に係る発電モジュールでは、前記太陽電池と前記熱電素子との間に蓄熱材が介装されていてもよい。
本発明では、太陽電池から発生する熱を一旦、蓄熱材に蓄熱しておくことで、熱電素子の受熱面と放熱面との間の温度差を生じせしめる時間を延長させることが可能となる。
In the power generation module according to the present invention, a heat storage material may be interposed between the solar cell and the thermoelectric element.
In the present invention, it is possible to extend the time for causing the temperature difference between the heat receiving surface and the heat radiating surface of the thermoelectric element by temporarily storing the heat generated from the solar cell in the heat storage material.
また、本発明に係る発電モジュールでは、前記導水溝に水を供給する導水路の途中に、前記熱電素子および／または前記太陽電池の表面温度に応じて開閉するサーモバルブが設置されていることが好ましい。
本発明は、熱電素子および／または太陽電池の表面温度が設定温度を超えた場合に、サーモバルブを開いて導水溝に水を供給し、熱電素子および／または太陽電池の表面温度が設定温度以下になった場合に、サーモバルブを閉じて水の供給を停止するものであり、水を浪費せずに効率的に使用することができる。
In the power generation module according to the present invention, a thermo valve that opens and closes according to the surface temperature of the thermoelectric element and / or the solar cell is installed in the middle of the water conduit that supplies water to the water conduit. preferable.
In the present invention, when the surface temperature of the thermoelectric element and / or solar cell exceeds the set temperature, the thermo valve is opened to supply water to the water guide groove, and the surface temperature of the thermoelectric element and / or solar cell is lower than the set temperature. In this case, the thermovalve is closed to stop the supply of water, so that it can be used efficiently without wasting water.
本発明に係る発電モジュールは、金属板に形成された導水溝を経由して貫通孔から多孔質セラミックスに水を供給し、多孔質セラミックスに浸透した水が気化する際に奪う気化熱を利用して、熱電素子の放熱面を冷却するものであり、吸放湿性能に優れている多孔質セラミックスの特性を利用して、熱電素子を冷却するに足りる適度な水を多孔質セラミックスの内部に含浸させることができる。また、本発明では、水を循環させる必要がないので、構造がシンプルとなり、コストを低く抑えることができる。 The power generation module according to the present invention supplies water to the porous ceramics from the through holes via the water guide grooves formed in the metal plate, and utilizes the heat of vaporization taken when the water that has permeated the porous ceramics is vaporized. In order to cool the heat dissipation surface of the thermoelectric element, the porous ceramics are impregnated with an appropriate amount of water sufficient to cool the thermoelectric element by utilizing the characteristics of porous ceramics with excellent moisture absorption and desorption performance. Can be made. Further, in the present invention, since it is not necessary to circulate water, the structure becomes simple and the cost can be kept low.
以下、本発明の実施形態について図面に基づいて説明する。
図１は、本発明に係る発電モジュールの実施形態の一例を示したものである。
本実施形態における発電モジュール１０は、熱電素子１１の放熱面に、金属板１２と多孔質セラミックス１３が順次積層された構成とされている。金属板１２には導水管１５（導水路）が接続されており、導水管１５の途中には、熱電素子１１の受熱面の温度に応じて開閉するサーモバルブ１４が設置されている。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of a power generation module according to the present invention.
The power generation module 10 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which a metal plate 12 and a porous ceramic 13 are sequentially laminated on a heat dissipation surface of a thermoelectric element 11. A water conduit 15 (water conduit) is connected to the metal plate 12, and a thermo valve 14 that opens and closes according to the temperature of the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 11 is installed in the middle of the water conduit 15.
熱電素子は、熱と電気を関係付ける現象を利用した素子の総称であり、電気抵抗の温度変化を利用した素子（サーミスター）、温度差により起電力が発生する現象（ゼーベック効果）を利用した熱発電素子、電流により発熱と吸熱が起こる現象（ペルチェ効果）を利用した電子冷却素子がある。本発明では、熱発電素子を熱電素子１１として使用する。熱電素子１１は板状とされ、一方の面を受熱面、他方の面を放熱面として、受熱面と放熱面の温度差に応じた起電力を発生する。 A thermoelectric element is a generic term for elements that use a phenomenon that relates heat and electricity. It uses an element that uses a temperature change in electrical resistance (thermistor) and a phenomenon that generates an electromotive force due to a temperature difference (Seebeck effect). There is a thermoelectric generator, an electronic cooling element utilizing a phenomenon (Peltier effect) in which heat is generated and absorbed by current. In the present invention, a thermoelectric generator is used as the thermoelectric element 11. The thermoelectric element 11 is plate-shaped and generates an electromotive force according to a temperature difference between the heat receiving surface and the heat radiating surface, with one surface being a heat receiving surface and the other surface being a heat radiating surface.
多孔質セラミックスは、内部に無数の微細な孔が形成されたセラミックスであり、吸放湿性能に優れている。本多孔質セラミックス１３は板状とされ、熱電素子１１の冷却手段として機能する。 Porous ceramics are ceramics in which countless fine pores are formed, and are excellent in moisture absorption and desorption performance. The porous ceramic 13 is plate-shaped and functions as a cooling means for the thermoelectric element 11.
金属板１２は、熱伝導率が高く、腐食しにくい金属であればよく、アルミニウムなどが好適である。図２に示すように、金属板１２の表面には、導水管１５を起点とする複数の導水溝１２ａ…が金属板１２を覆うように張り巡らされており、各導水溝１２ａの末端には、金属板１２を板厚方向に貫通する貫通孔１２ｂが設けられている。導水管１５から供給された水Ｗは、金属板１２に形成された導水溝１２ａおよび貫通孔１２ｂを経由することで、多孔質セラミックス１３に均一に浸透する。 The metal plate 12 may be a metal having high thermal conductivity and hardly corroded, and aluminum or the like is preferable. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of water guide grooves 12 a. A through hole 12b is provided through the metal plate 12 in the thickness direction. The water W supplied from the water guide tube 15 penetrates the porous ceramics 13 uniformly through the water guide groove 12 a and the through hole 12 b formed in the metal plate 12.
サーモバルブ１４は、温度に応じて膨張・収縮する熱応動素子が封入された感温部１４ａと当該感温部１４ａに一方の端部が連結された弁軸１４ｂから構成されており、弁軸１４ｂの先端には円盤状の弁体１４ｃが取り付けられている（図３参照）。図１に示すように、サーモバルブ１４の感温部１４ａと熱電素子１１の受熱面とは、伝熱部材１６で接続されており、熱電素子１１の受熱面の温度に応じて弁軸１４ｂが伸縮する。
熱電素子１１の受熱面の温度が設定温度以下の場合、導水管１５内に設けられた隔壁１７の開口部１７ａをサーモバルブ１４の弁体１４ｃが塞いでいるため、隔壁１７を越えて水Ｗが金属板１２に流れることはない（図３（ａ）参照）。
一方、熱電素子１１の受熱面の温度が設定温度を超えた場合には、サーモバルブ１４の感温部１４ａに封入された熱応動素子が膨張して、弁軸１４ｂが伸張する。これにより、隔壁１７の開口部１７ａが開口し、隔壁１７を越えて水Ｗが金属板１２に流れるようになる（図３（ｂ）参照）。
The thermo valve 14 includes a temperature sensing portion 14a in which a thermally responsive element that expands and contracts according to temperature is enclosed, and a valve shaft 14b having one end connected to the temperature sensing portion 14a. A disc-shaped valve element 14c is attached to the tip of 14b (see FIG. 3). As shown in FIG. 1, the temperature sensing portion 14 a of the thermo valve 14 and the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 11 are connected by a heat transfer member 16, and the valve shaft 14 b is arranged according to the temperature of the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 11. It expands and contracts.
When the temperature of the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 11 is equal to or lower than the set temperature, the valve element 14c of the thermo valve 14 closes the opening 17a of the partition wall 17 provided in the water conduit 15, so Does not flow through the metal plate 12 (see FIG. 3A).
On the other hand, when the temperature of the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 11 exceeds the set temperature, the thermoresponsive element enclosed in the temperature sensing part 14a of the thermo valve 14 expands and the valve shaft 14b expands. Thereby, the opening 17a of the partition wall 17 is opened, and the water W flows through the metal plate 12 beyond the partition wall 17 (see FIG. 3B).
次に、上記構成を有する本発電モジュール１０の動作について説明する。
自動車の排気系統やプラント、ボイラーなどを熱源とし、熱源からの放射熱Ｈにより、熱電素子１１の受熱面の温度が上昇する。受熱面の温度が設定温度を超えると、導水管１５の途中に設置したサーモバルブ１４が開き、導水管１５によって供給された水Ｗは、金属板１２に形成された導水溝１２ａから貫通孔１２ｂを経由して多孔質セラミックス１３に浸透する。多孔質セラミックス１３に浸透した水Ｗは気化して大気中へ放出されるが、この際に多孔質セラミックス１３から気化熱Ｖを奪っていく。その結果、熱電素子１１の放熱側が冷却され、熱電素子１１の受熱面と放熱面との間に大きな温度差が生じ、熱電素子１１内に起電力が発生する。
一方、受熱面の温度が設定温度より低い場合は、サーモバルブ１４が閉じているため、不必要な水Ｗが多孔質セラミックス１３に供給されることはない。
Next, the operation of the power generation module 10 having the above configuration will be described.
An exhaust system, a plant, a boiler, or the like of an automobile is used as a heat source, and the temperature of the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 11 is increased by the radiant heat H from the heat source. When the temperature of the heat receiving surface exceeds the set temperature, the thermo valve 14 installed in the middle of the water conduit 15 is opened, and the water W supplied by the water conduit 15 passes through the water guide groove 12a formed in the metal plate 12 from the through hole 12b. Penetrates into the porous ceramics 13. The water W that has permeated the porous ceramic 13 is vaporized and released into the atmosphere. At this time, the vaporization heat V is taken away from the porous ceramic 13. As a result, the heat radiation side of the thermoelectric element 11 is cooled, a large temperature difference is generated between the heat receiving surface and the heat radiation surface of the thermoelectric element 11, and an electromotive force is generated in the thermoelectric element 11.
On the other hand, when the temperature of the heat receiving surface is lower than the set temperature, the thermo valve 14 is closed, so that unnecessary water W is not supplied to the porous ceramics 13.
本実施形態による発電モジュール１０は、金属板１２に形成された導水溝１２ａを経由して貫通孔１２ｂから多孔質セラミックス１３に水Ｗを供給し、多孔質セラミックス１３に浸透した水Ｗが気化する際に奪う気化熱Ｖを利用して、熱電素子１１の放熱面を冷却するものであり、吸放湿性能に優れている多孔質セラミックス１３の特性を利用して、熱電素子１１を冷却するに足りる適度な水Ｗを多孔質セラミックス１３の内部に含浸させることができる。また、水Ｗを循環させる必要がなく、機器を制御する制御装置も不要なので、構造がシンプルとなり、コストを低く抑えることができる。 The power generation module 10 according to this embodiment supplies water W to the porous ceramics 13 from the through holes 12b via the water guide grooves 12a formed in the metal plate 12, and the water W that has permeated the porous ceramics 13 is vaporized. The heat dissipation surface V is used to cool the heat radiation surface of the thermoelectric element 11, and the thermoelectric element 11 is cooled using the characteristics of the porous ceramics 13 having excellent moisture absorption / release performance. A sufficient amount of water W can be impregnated in the porous ceramic 13. Moreover, since it is not necessary to circulate the water W and a control device for controlling the equipment is not required, the structure becomes simple and the cost can be kept low.
次に、本発明に係る発電モジュールの他の実施形態について説明する。
本発明に係る発電モジュールの他の実施形態を示す分解斜視図を図４に、その側断面図を図５にそれぞれ示す。
本実施形態における発電モジュール２０は、太陽電池２８の裏面に、熱電素子２１、金属板２２、多孔質セラミックス２３を順次積層した構成とされ、建物の屋根に設置される。発電モジュール２０は、屋根面１の傾斜方向に沿って設置された縦材２上に固定し、発電モジュール２０と屋根面１との間には、通気路となる空気層２９を設ける。
また、縦材２と直交する方向に配設された横材３内には、導水管２５（導水路）が挿通され、導水管２５の途中にはサーモバルブ２４が設置されている。
Next, another embodiment of the power generation module according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the power generation module according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a side sectional view thereof.
The power generation module 20 in the present embodiment has a configuration in which a thermoelectric element 21, a metal plate 22, and a porous ceramics 23 are sequentially laminated on the back surface of a solar cell 28, and is installed on the roof of a building. The power generation module 20 is fixed on the vertical member 2 installed along the inclination direction of the roof surface 1, and an air layer 29 serving as an air passage is provided between the power generation module 20 and the roof surface 1.
Further, a water guide pipe 25 (water guide path) is inserted into the cross member 3 arranged in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal member 2, and a thermo valve 24 is installed in the middle of the water guide pipe 25.
太陽電池２８は、光起電力効果を利用し、光エネルギーを直接電力に変換する電力機器である。ｐ型とｎ型の半導体を接合した構造を持つ太陽電池が一般的であるが、その他にも色素増感型（有機太陽電池）と呼ばれる太陽電池がある。 The solar cell 28 is a power device that uses the photovoltaic effect to directly convert light energy into electric power. A solar cell having a structure in which a p-type and an n-type semiconductor are joined is common, but there is another solar cell called a dye-sensitized type (organic solar cell).
金属板２２は、表面に導水溝２２ａが形成された第一の金属板２２ｃと、導水溝２２ａを覆う第二の金属板２２ｄから形成されている。全ての導水溝２２ａは導水管２５を起点とし、末端には第一の金属板２２ｃを貫通する貫通孔２２ｂが形成されている。 The metal plate 22 is formed of a first metal plate 22c having a water guide groove 22a formed on the surface and a second metal plate 22d covering the water guide groove 22a. All the water guide grooves 22a start from the water guide pipe 25, and a through hole 22b penetrating the first metal plate 22c is formed at the end.
太陽電池２８の受光面とサーモバルブ２４とは伝熱部材２６で接続されており、太陽電池２８の受光面の温度に応じてサーモバルブ２４が開閉するようになっている。図６は、屋根に設置した太陽電池２８の表面温度の変化を示したグラフであるが、この図を用いてサーモバルブ２４の開閉制御について説明する。なお、以下の説明における設定温度は一例であって、環境その他の条件を考慮して設定すべきものである。また、サーモバルブ２４を全開にした際に供給過多とならないように、全開状態における適切な供給量を予め設定しておく必要がある。
受光面の温度が時間の経過とともに上昇している場合は、受光面の温度が４０℃になった時点Ｐで、サーモバルブ２４を開き始め、受光面の温度が５０℃に達した時点Ｑでサーモバルブ２４が全開となるようにする。一方、受光面の温度が下降している場合は、受光面の温度が５０℃になった時点Ｒで、サーモバルブ２４を閉じ始め、受光面の温度が４０℃に達した時点Ｓでサーモバルブ２４が全閉となるようにする。
The light receiving surface of the solar cell 28 and the thermo valve 24 are connected by a heat transfer member 26, and the thermo valve 24 opens and closes according to the temperature of the light receiving surface of the solar cell 28. FIG. 6 is a graph showing a change in the surface temperature of the solar cell 28 installed on the roof. The opening / closing control of the thermo valve 24 will be described with reference to FIG. The set temperature in the following description is an example, and should be set in consideration of the environment and other conditions. In addition, it is necessary to set an appropriate supply amount in the fully opened state in advance so as not to cause excessive supply when the thermovalve 24 is fully opened.
When the temperature of the light receiving surface increases with the passage of time, the thermo valve 24 starts to open at the time P when the temperature of the light receiving surface reaches 40 ° C., and at the time Q when the temperature of the light receiving surface reaches 50 ° C. The thermo valve 24 is fully opened. On the other hand, when the temperature of the light receiving surface is lowered, the thermo valve 24 starts to close at the time R when the temperature of the light receiving surface reaches 50 ° C., and the thermo valve at the time S when the temperature of the light receiving surface reaches 40 ° C. 24 is fully closed.
本実施形態による発電モジュールでは、熱電素子２１の受熱面に太陽電池２８を配することで、太陽熱だけでなく太陽光も発電に利用することができる。また、太陽電池２８から発生する熱によって熱電素子２１の受熱面が、より高温となるため、熱電素子２１の受熱面と放熱面との間の温度差が拡大し、発電効率がさらに向上する。一方、太陽電池２８から熱電素子２１に熱流が移動するので、温度上昇に伴って発生する、光から電気への変換効率の低下が抑制される効果もある。 In the power generation module according to the present embodiment, by arranging the solar cell 28 on the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 21, not only solar heat but also sunlight can be used for power generation. Moreover, since the heat receiving surface of the thermoelectric element 21 becomes higher temperature by the heat generated from the solar cell 28, the temperature difference between the heat receiving surface and the heat radiating surface of the thermoelectric element 21 is expanded, and the power generation efficiency is further improved. On the other hand, since the heat flow moves from the solar cell 28 to the thermoelectric element 21, there is an effect of suppressing a decrease in light-to-electricity conversion efficiency that occurs as the temperature rises.
なお、太陽電池２８と熱電素子２１との間に蓄熱材（図示省略）が介装されていてもよく、太陽電池２８から発生する熱を一旦、蓄熱材に蓄熱しておくことで、熱電素子２１の受熱面と放熱面との間の温度差を生じせしめる時間を延長させることが可能となる。
蓄熱材としては、例えば、蓄熱式床暖房などで使用されている蓄熱材を使用することができる。ぼう硝系の硫酸ナトリウム１０水和塩を主成分とする蓄熱材の場合、２８℃以下になると凝固して潜熱発熱を起こし、３１℃以上になると融解して熱を吸収する。蓄熱性能に非常に優れ、顕熱蓄熱のコンクリートの２０倍以上の蓄熱能力をもっているとされている。
In addition, the thermal storage material (illustration omitted) may be interposed between the solar cell 28 and the thermoelectric element 21, and the thermoelectric element is temporarily stored in the thermal storage material with the heat generated from the solar cell 28. It is possible to extend the time during which the temperature difference between the heat receiving surface 21 and the heat radiating surface 21 is generated.
As the heat storage material, for example, a heat storage material used in a heat storage type floor heating or the like can be used. In the case of a heat storage material mainly composed of sodium nitrate sodium sulfate decahydrate, it solidifies when it is 28 ° C. or lower and generates latent heat, and melts and absorbs heat when it is 31 ° C. or higher. It has excellent heat storage performance and is said to have a heat storage capacity 20 times or more that of sensible heat storage concrete.
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更可能である。要は、本発明において所期の機能が得られればよいのである。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit thereof. In short, it is only necessary to obtain the desired function in the present invention.
１ 屋根面
２ 縦材
３ 横材
１０、２０ 発電モジュール
１１、２１ 熱電素子
１２、２２、２２ｃ、２２ｄ 金属板
１２ａ、２２ａ 導水溝
１２ｂ、２２ｂ 貫通孔
１３、２３ 多孔質セラミックス
１４、２４ サーモバルブ
１４ａ 感温部
１４ｂ 弁軸
１４ｃ 弁体
１５、２５ 導水管（導水路）
１６、２６ 伝熱部材
１７ 隔壁
１７ａ 開口部
２８ 太陽電池
２９ 空気層
Ｈ 放射熱
Ｖ 気化熱
Ｗ 水
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roof surface 2 Vertical material 3 Horizontal material 10, 20 Power generation module 11, 21 Thermoelectric element 12, 22, 22c, 22d Metal plate 12a, 22a Water guide groove 12b, 22b Through-hole 13, 23 Porous ceramics 14, 24 Thermo valve 14a Temperature sensing part 14b Valve shaft 14c Valve bodies 15, 25 Water conduit (water conduit)
16, 26 Heat transfer member 17 Partition wall 17a Opening 28 Solar cell 29 Air layer H Radiant heat V Evaporation heat W Water
Claims (4)
前記多孔質セラミックスに水を供給するための導水溝および貫通孔が前記金属板に形成されていることを特徴とする発電モジュール。 Porous ceramics is disposed on the heat dissipation surface of the thermoelectric element with one surface as the heat receiving surface and the other surface as the heat dissipation surface via a metal plate,
A power generation module, wherein a water guide groove and a through hole for supplying water to the porous ceramics are formed in the metal plate.
The thermo valve which opens and closes according to the surface temperature of the said thermoelectric element and / or the said solar cell is installed in the middle of the water conduit which supplies water to the said water conduit. The power generation module according to Crab.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112186092A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-05 | 华中科技大学 | Thermopile power generation device based on super-hydrophilic structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN112367007A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-12 | 吴浩宇 | Building thermoelectric generation system |
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| WO2011009993A1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Pedro Jimenez Del Amo | Cooling device for photovoltaic panel |
| ES2351490B1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-11-28 | Pedro Jimenez Del Amo | PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL REFRIGERATOR |
| JP2012256823A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2012-12-27 | Techno Kankyo Kiki Kk | Photovoltaic power generation panel cooling system |
| JP5664326B2 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2015-02-04 | 富士通株式会社 | Thermoelectric conversion module |
| JP5968696B2 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2016-08-10 | 株式会社エコ・パワー | Heating element cooling system |
| JP2014095506A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-22 | Nagoya Univ | Vaporization cooling device |
| JP6177316B2 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2017-08-09 | リンテック株式会社 | Thermoelectric element, thermoelectric power generation module, thermoelectric power generation device, and thermoelectric power generation method |
| WO2024043323A1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Thermoelectric power generation module |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112186092A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-05 | 华中科技大学 | Thermopile power generation device based on super-hydrophilic structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN112186092B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-02-15 | 华中科技大学 | Thermopile power generation device based on super-hydrophilic structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN112367007A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-12 | 吴浩宇 | Building thermoelectric generation system |
| CN112367007B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-10-08 | 吴浩宇 | Building thermoelectric generation system |
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