JP3783384B2 - Dichroic dye, liquid crystal composition containing the dye, and liquid crystal element - Google Patents

Dichroic dye, liquid crystal composition containing the dye, and liquid crystal element Download PDF

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JP3783384B2
JP3783384B2 JP34498897A JP34498897A JP3783384B2 JP 3783384 B2 JP3783384 B2 JP 3783384B2 JP 34498897 A JP34498897 A JP 34498897A JP 34498897 A JP34498897 A JP 34498897A JP 3783384 B2 JP3783384 B2 JP 3783384B2
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liquid crystal
dye
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alkyl
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JPH11172252A (en
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雅晴 金子
尚代 石尾
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は新規な赤色から青色のアゾ系二色性色素およびこれを含む液晶組成物ならびに液晶素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、液晶表示としてはツイストネマチック(TN)型表示モード、スーパーツイスト(STN)モードなどの他に各種の表示モードが提案されている。このうち液晶に色素を溶解して用いるゲストホスト(GH)型表示方式が、広い視野角などの特徴のために、自動車などの表示パネルとして広く用いられている。
このGHモードに用いられる二色性色素の特性としては下記の項目
1)二色性
2)溶解性
3)耐光性
4)着色力
が優れていることが要求される。市場のニーズが大きいブラックの液晶組成物を構成する上では、通常、液晶に3原色である黄色、赤色、青系の二色性色素を混合することにより調整される。
【0003】
二色性色素の主流であるアゾ色素は特に1)二色性、2)溶解性、4)着色力において優れており、黄色〜赤色色素として広く使用されているが、青色色素として実用されているものは少ない。一般的なアゾ色素は、ドナーとアクセプタ−が共役連結基によって結合されているいわゆる分子内CT型(Charge TransferTransition)の発色系をとることが多く、特に深色アゾ色素の場合にはその傾向が強い。そして、ドナーであるカップラーに大きな電子供与性を有する基を、又、アクセプターとなるジアゾ成分に大きな電子吸引性の基を導入すると、より深色化された色素が得られることが知られている。つまり、色素の色相を深色化するにはジアゾ成分にニトロ基やシアノ基の導入、あるいはチアゾールのようなヘテロ芳香環を用いることが有効であるわけだが、しかし二色性色素においては耐光性や溶解性に大きな難点が生じる。また、繊維用などの通常のアゾ色素の場合は、カップラーとなるベンゼン環の2、4、5位等へ電子供与性基を導入することが深色化に有効であるが、液晶用二色性色素の場合は、ベンゼン環の側方への置換基の導入は二色性の大幅な低下をもたらす傾向がある。また、ポリアゾ化によっても深色化はなされるものの、深色化に限界があり、青色色素にはなりにくいという難点を有していた。
【0004】
そのために、青色色素としてはアントラキノン系の色素が主流となっている。しかしながらアントラキノン系の色素は、▲1▼二色性比がアゾ色素よりも小さくなる▲2▼溶解性が低い、▲3▼アゾ色素よりも吸光度が小さいために、同じ濃度を得るためには多量の色素を必要とする、▲4▼液晶の粘度を増加させる、▲5▼アゾ色素に比べて二色性のホスト液晶依存性が大きい、等の難点を有する。
また、従来の色素は最近のTFT液晶素子などに用いられているフッ素系液晶に対する溶解性等の親和性が充分ではないという問題点があった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、色素の上記の難点の少ない赤色〜青色系の二色性色素およびこれを含む液晶組成物および液晶素子を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題に鑑み、鋭意検討した結果、アゾ色素のカップラ−成分として、下記化合物
【0007】
【化2】

Figure 0003783384
【0008】
を用いることにより、色素の深色化が容易に成されることを見出し、本発明に到達した。
すなわち本発明の要旨は、下記一般式[I]
【0009】
【化3】
Figure 0003783384
【0010】
(式中、Xは水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルキルスルホニル基、ハロゲン原子、トリフルオロメトキシ基、R−OCO−、R−COO−、Rf−、Rf−S−、Rf−SO2−、Rf−OCO−の基を示し、Rはアルキル基;アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロヘキシル基、アルキルシクロヘキシル基で置換されていてもよいフェニル基;アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロヘキシル基、アルキルシクロヘキシル基で置換されていてもよいシクロヘキシル基を示し、Rfは3個以上のフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基を示し、Wは低級アルキル基を示し、Z1 〜Z3 は、それぞれ水素原子、ハロゲン原子、メチル基、メトキシ基またはトリフルオロメチル基を示し、またZ1 とZ2 、Z4 とZ5 は互いに連結して脂肪族環、芳香族環または含窒素芳香環を形成してもよく、nは0〜1、pは0〜2の数を表す。)で表されるアゾ系二色性色素、これを含む液晶組成物および液晶素子に存する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のアゾ系二色性色素は、例えば下記の式[II]
【0012】
【化4】
Figure 0003783384
【0013】
で示される化合物と下記の式[III ]
【0014】
【化5】
Figure 0003783384
【0015】
(式中、X、n、Z1 〜Z6 、W、pは前示一般式[I]に於けると同義。)で示される化合物に、公知のジアゾ化カップリング反応を適用することにより合成することができる。
【0016】
前示一般式[I]におけるXの具体例としては水素原子;メチル基、エチル基、直鎖状または分岐鎖のプロピル基、ブチル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ドデシル基、オクタデシル基などのアルキル基;エトキシ基、ブトキシ基などのアルコキシ基;エトキシメチル基、ブトキシメチル基、エトキシエチル基、ブトキシエチル基などのアルコキシアルキル基;ブチルスルホニル基などのアルキルスルホニル基;フッ素原子、塩素原子などのハロゲン原子が挙げられ、Rの具体例としてはエチル基、直鎖状または分岐鎖のプロピル基、ブチル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基などのアルキル基;プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基などのアルキル基で置換されたフェニル基;エトキシ基、ブトキシ基などのアルコキシ基で置換されたフェニル基;シクロヘキシル基、プロピルシクロヘキシル基、ブチルシクロヘキシル基などのアルキル基で置換されていても良いシクロヘキシル基で置換されたフェニル基;プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基などのアルキル基で置換されたアルキルシクロヘキシル基;エトキシ基、ブトキシ基などのアルコキシ基で置換されたシクロヘキシル基:シクロヘキシル基、プロピルシクロヘキシル基、ブチルシクロヘキシル基などのアルキル基で置換されていても良いシクロヘキシル基で置換されたシクロヘキシル基を示し、Rfの具体例としてはトリフルオロメチル基、パーフルオロブチル基、パーフルオロヘキシル基、2ー(パーフルオロブチル)エチル基などの3個以上のフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基などが挙げられ、Wの具体例としてはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基などの低級アルキル基が挙げられ、Z1 とZ2 、Z4 とZ5 は互いに連結してテトラリン環の一部などの脂肪族環、ナフタリン環の一部などの芳香族環またはキノリン環の一部などの含窒素芳香環を形成してもよい。
【0017】
本発明の液晶組成物は前示一般式[I]で示されるアゾ系二色性色素を、[液晶デバイスハンドブック;日本学術振興会第142委員会編(1989);p154〜p192,p715 〜p722]記載のネマチックあるいはスメクチック相を示すビフェニル系、フェニルシクロヘキサン系、フェニルピリミジン系、シクロヘキシルシクロヘキサン系などの各種の液晶化合物または液晶組成物に公知の方法で混合することにより容易に調製することができる。
【0018】
本発明に用いるホスト液晶材料としては、下記一般式[IV]で表される液晶化合物を主成分とするフッ素系液晶材料、
【0019】
【化6】
Figure 0003783384
【0020】
(式中、環Bは、シクロヘキサン環、ベンゼン環、シラシクロヘキサン環、ジオキサン環、ピリミジン環を表し、qは1〜3の整数を表す。−Z−は単結合、−COO−,−CH2 CH2 −、−CH=CH−又は−C≡C−を示す。さらにY1 〜Y3 は水素原子;炭素数1〜7のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基;フッ素基、塩素基等のハロゲン原子;これらアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基及びハロゲン原子を置換基として有する炭素数1〜7の置換アルキル基、置換アルコキシ基、置換アルコキシアルキル基、置換アルケニル基;置換シクロヘキシル基もしくは置換フェニル基を表し、Y4 は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基を示す。)
または下記一般式[V]及び一般式[VI]で表される液晶化合物を主成分とするNn型液晶材料、
【0021】
【化7】
Figure 0003783384
【0022】
【化8】
Figure 0003783384
【0023】
(式中、環Bは、シクロヘキサン環、ベンゼン環、シラシクロヘキサン環、ジオキサン環、ピリミジン環を表し、qは1〜3の整数を表す。−Z−は単結合、−COO−,−CH2 CH2 −、−CH=CH−又は−C≡C−を示す。さらにY5 及びY6 は水素原子;炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基もしくはこれらアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基、ハロゲン原子を置換基として有する置換シクロヘキシル基もしくは置換フェニル基を表す。さらにY7 及びY8 は水素原子;フッ素基、塩素基等のハロゲン原子を示し、Y9 及びY10は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基もしくはこれらアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基、ハロゲン原子を置換基として有する置換シクロヘキシル基を示す。)
または下記一般式[VII ]および一般式[VIII]で表される液晶化合物を主成分とするシアノ系液晶材料が挙げられる。
【0024】
【化9】
Figure 0003783384
【0025】
【化10】
Figure 0003783384
【0026】
(式中、環Bは、シクロヘキサン環、ベンゼン環、シラシクロヘキサン環、ジオキサン環、ピリミジン環を表し、qは1〜3の整数を表す。−Z−は単結合、−COO−,−CH2 CH2 −、−CH=CH−又は−C≡C−を示す。さらにY11及びY13は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基;シアノ基を示し、Y12、Y14は炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルケニル基を示す。)
【0027】
また本発明の液晶組成物はコレステリルノナノエートなどの、液晶相を示しても示さなくても良い光学活性化合物を含有しても良く、あるいは紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤などの各種の添加剤を含有しても良い。
このようにして得られた液晶組成物を、少なくとも一方が透明な電極付基板間に挟持することにより、ゲストホスト効果を応用した素子[松本正一、角田市良”液晶の最新技術”工業調査会、34(1983);J.L.Fergason,SID85Digest,68(1985)等]などを構成することができる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下の実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
実施例1
下記構造式で示されるアゾ化合物
【0029】
【化11】
Figure 0003783384
【0030】
0.46gをN−メチル−2−ピロリドン15mlに溶解し、35%塩酸0.3ml添加後、0〜5℃まで冷却し、亜硝酸ナトリウム0.08gを含む水溶液を添加して、2時間同温で撹拌してジアゾ化させた。他方、下記のカップラー
【0031】
【化12】
Figure 0003783384
【0032】
0.20gをN−メチル−2−ピロリドン少量と混合し、先のジアゾ液に添加して約2時間反応させた。
反応後、室温にてメタノールで希釈して析出物を濾過、水洗、乾燥して得られた結晶をカラムクロマトにより精製して下記構造式
【0033】
【化13】
Figure 0003783384
【0034】
の色素0.17gを得た。
このアゾ色素を商品名ZLI-1565(E.MERCK 社製)として市販されているフェニルシクロヘキサン系液晶混合物に1wt% の濃度で溶解させ青色のゲストホスト液晶組成物を調製した。これをポリイミド系樹脂を塗布、硬化、ラビング処理した透明電極付きガラス基板を対向させ、液晶が平行配向となるように構成したギャップ9μのセルに封入した。
この青色に着色したセルの配向方向に平行な直線偏光に対する吸光度(A//)および配向方向に垂直な直線偏光に対する吸光度(A⊥)を測定し、その吸収ピーク(λmax :607nm)におけるオ−ダ−パラメ−タ−(S)を下記の式
【0035】
【数1】
S=(A//−A⊥)/(A//+2A⊥)
【0036】
から求めた結果、S=0.74であった。
上記のZLI −1565の代わりに商品名ZLI-4792(E.MERCK 社製)として市販されているフッ系液晶混合物を用いて、同様にしてオ−ダ−パラメ−タ−を求めた結果、S=0.75(λmax 600nm)であった。
【0037】
参考例
実施例1の方法において、カップラーをジアルキルタイプのカップリング成分である
【0038】
【化14】
Figure 0003783384
【0039】
に代えて得られた
【0040】
【化15】
Figure 0003783384
【0041】
のフェニルシクロヘキサン系液晶混合物:商品名ZLI-1565(E.MERCK 社製)中における色相は暗紫色、λmax 547nmであり、先の実施例に比較してλmax が60nm短波長であった。オーダーパラメーター(S)は0.76であった。
同色素のフッ系液晶混合物:商品名ZLI-4792(E.MERCK 社製)中における色相は暗紫色、λmax 543nmであり、先の実施例に比較してλmax が57nm短波長であった。オーダーパラメーター(S)は0.76であった。
【0042】
実施例2
前記の実施例に準じた方法により得られた各種アゾ化合物のフッ系液晶混合物:商品名ZLI-4792(E.MERCK 社製)中におけるオ−ダ−パラメ−タ−(S)と色相を表−1に示す。
【0043】
【表1】
Figure 0003783384
【0044】
【表2】
Figure 0003783384
【0045】
【表3】
Figure 0003783384
【0046】
【表4】
Figure 0003783384
【0047】
【発明の効果】
本発明の高い二色性と高い着色力をもつ赤色〜青色系の二色性色素およびこれを含む液晶組成物により、コントラストおよび耐久性に優れた表示素子などの液晶素子を構成することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel red to blue azo dichroic dye, a liquid crystal composition containing the same, and a liquid crystal element.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, various display modes have been proposed as liquid crystal displays in addition to a twisted nematic (TN) type display mode, a super twist (STN) mode, and the like. Among these, a guest-host (GH) type display method in which a dye is dissolved in a liquid crystal is widely used as a display panel for automobiles or the like because of its wide viewing angle.
As characteristics of the dichroic dye used in the GH mode, the following items 1) dichroism 2) solubility 3) light resistance 4) excellent coloring power are required. In constructing a black liquid crystal composition having a great market need, the liquid crystal is usually adjusted by mixing three primary colors yellow, red and blue dichroic dyes.
[0003]
The azo dyes that are the mainstream of dichroic dyes are particularly excellent in 1) dichroism, 2) solubility, and 4) coloring power, and are widely used as yellow to red dyes, but are practically used as blue dyes. There are few things. Common azo dyes often adopt a so-called intramolecular CT type (Charge Transfer Transition) coloration system in which a donor and an acceptor are bonded by a conjugated linking group, and this tendency is particularly the case with deep color azo dyes. strong. Further, it is known that when a group having a large electron donating property is introduced into a coupler as a donor and a large electron withdrawing group is introduced into a diazo component as an acceptor, a deeper dye is obtained. . In other words, it is effective to introduce a nitro group or a cyano group in the diazo component or use a heteroaromatic ring such as thiazole to deepen the hue of the dye. And a great difficulty in solubility. In addition, in the case of ordinary azo dyes for fibers and the like, it is effective for deepening the color to introduce an electron donating group into the 2, 4, 5 position of the benzene ring serving as a coupler. In the case of sexual dyes, introduction of a substituent to the side of the benzene ring tends to cause a significant decrease in dichroism. Further, although deepening is also achieved by polyazotization, there is a limitation that there is a limit to deepening and it is difficult to be a blue pigment.
[0004]
For this reason, anthraquinone dyes are mainly used as blue dyes. However, anthraquinone dyes are: (1) dichroic ratio is smaller than that of azo dyes, (2) low solubility, and (3) less absorbance than azo dyes. And (4) increase the viscosity of the liquid crystal, and (5) the dichroic host liquid crystal is more dependent on the host liquid crystal than the azo dye.
In addition, the conventional dye has a problem that the affinity such as solubility in fluorine-based liquid crystal used in recent TFT liquid crystal elements is not sufficient.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a red to blue dichroic dye with less of the above-mentioned difficulties of the dye, a liquid crystal composition containing the same, and a liquid crystal element.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies in view of the above problems, the present inventors have found that the following compounds as coupler components of azo dyes:
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003783384
[0008]
As a result, it was found that deep coloration of the dye can be easily achieved by using the present invention, and the present invention has been achieved.
That is, the gist of the present invention is the following general formula [I]
[0009]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0003783384
[0010]
(Wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, R—OCO—, R—COO—, Rf—, Rf—S—, Rf) —SO 2 —, Rf—OCO—, wherein R is an alkyl group; an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group optionally substituted with an alkylcyclohexyl group; an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyclohexyl group, an alkyl Represents a cyclohexyl group which may be substituted with a cyclohexyl group, Rf represents an alkyl group substituted with 3 or more fluorine atoms, W represents a lower alkyl group, Z 1 to Z 3 are each a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, a methyl group, a methoxy group or a trifluoromethyl group, also Z 1 and Z 2, Z 4 and Z 5 are each An azo dichroic dye represented by the following formula: an aliphatic ring, an aromatic ring or a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring, and n represents 0 to 1 and p represents a number of 0 to 2. It exists in the liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal element containing this.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The azo dichroic dye of the present invention is, for example, the following formula [II]
[0012]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0003783384
[0013]
And the following formula [III]
[0014]
[Chemical formula 5]
Figure 0003783384
[0015]
(Wherein X, n, Z 1 to Z 6 , W and p are as defined in the general formula [I] above), by applying a known diazotization coupling reaction to the compound represented by Can be synthesized.
[0016]
Specific examples of X in the general formula [I] shown above are hydrogen atom; alkyl such as methyl group, ethyl group, linear or branched propyl group, butyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group, octadecyl group, etc. Group: alkoxy group such as ethoxy group and butoxy group; alkoxyalkyl group such as ethoxymethyl group, butoxymethyl group, ethoxyethyl group and butoxyethyl group; alkylsulfonyl group such as butylsulfonyl group; halogen such as fluorine atom and chlorine atom Examples of R include specific examples of R, such as an ethyl group, a linear or branched propyl group, a butyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group; a propyl group, a butyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, and the like. A phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group; a phenyl group substituted with an alkoxy group such as an ethoxy group or a butoxy group; Nyl group; phenyl group substituted by cyclohexyl group which may be substituted by alkyl group such as cyclohexyl group, propylcyclohexyl group and butylcyclohexyl group; substituted by alkyl group such as propyl group, butyl group, heptyl group and octyl group A substituted cyclohexyl group; a cyclohexyl group substituted with an alkoxy group such as an ethoxy group or a butoxy group: a cyclohexyl group substituted with a cyclohexyl group which may be substituted with an alkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group, a propylcyclohexyl group or a butylcyclohexyl group Specific examples of Rf include alkyl groups substituted with three or more fluorine atoms such as trifluoromethyl group, perfluorobutyl group, perfluorohexyl group, 2- (perfluorobutyl) ethyl group, and the like. W Methyl group Specific examples thereof include an ethyl group, and a lower alkyl group such as propyl group, an aliphatic ring such as Z 1 and Z 2, Z 4 and Z 5 are part of the tetralin ring by combining to each other, naphthalene ring A nitrogen-containing aromatic ring such as a part of the aromatic ring or a part of the quinoline ring may be formed.
[0017]
The liquid crystal composition of the present invention comprises an azo dichroic dye represented by the general formula [I] shown above [Liquid Crystal Device Handbook; edited by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 142nd Committee (1989); p154 to p192, p715 to p722. It can be easily prepared by mixing by a known method various liquid crystal compounds or liquid crystal compositions such as biphenyl, phenylcyclohexane, phenylpyrimidine, cyclohexylcyclohexane and the like exhibiting a nematic or smectic phase.
[0018]
As the host liquid crystal material used in the present invention, a fluorine-based liquid crystal material mainly composed of a liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula [IV],
[0019]
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0003783384
[0020]
(In the formula, ring B represents a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, a silacyclohexane ring, a dioxane ring or a pyrimidine ring, q represents an integer of 1 to 3. -Z- represents a single bond, -COO-, -CH 2. CH 2 —, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, wherein Y 1 to Y 3 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkenyl group; Halogen atoms such as chlorine groups; these alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkoxyalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and substituted alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, substituted alkoxy groups, substituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted alkenyl groups having the halogen atom as a substituent. Represents a substituted cyclohexyl group or a substituted phenyl group, and Y 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkeni; Represents a sulfur group.)
Or an Nn-type liquid crystal material mainly composed of a liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula [V] and general formula [VI],
[0021]
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0003783384
[0022]
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0003783384
[0023]
(In the formula, ring B represents a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, a silacyclohexane ring, a dioxane ring or a pyrimidine ring, q represents an integer of 1 to 3. -Z- represents a single bond, -COO-, -CH 2. CH 2 —, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, wherein Y 5 and Y 6 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkenyl group, or these alkyl groups. , An alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a substituted cyclohexyl group or a substituted phenyl group having a halogen atom as a substituent, and Y 7 and Y 8 represent a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom such as a fluorine group or a chlorine group, Y 9 and Y 10 are alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups, alkoxyalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, or these alkyl groups, alkoxy groups. , An alkoxyalkyl group, an alkenyl group, and a substituted cyclohexyl group having a halogen atom as a substituent.
Or the cyano type liquid crystal material which has as a main component the liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula [VII] and general formula [VIII] is mentioned.
[0024]
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0003783384
[0025]
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0003783384
[0026]
(In the formula, ring B represents a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, a silacyclohexane ring, a dioxane ring or a pyrimidine ring, q represents an integer of 1 to 3. -Z- represents a single bond, -COO-, -CH 2. CH 2 —, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, wherein Y 11 and Y 13 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkenyl group; 12 and Y 14 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group or an alkenyl group.
[0027]
The liquid crystal composition of the present invention may contain an optically active compound that may or may not exhibit a liquid crystal phase, such as cholesteryl nonanoate, or various additives such as an ultraviolet absorber and an antioxidant. It may be contained.
A device applying the guest-host effect by sandwiching the liquid crystal composition thus obtained between substrates with transparent electrodes [Shinichi Matsumoto, Ryo Tsunoda, “Advanced Technology of Liquid Crystal”, Industrial Research Association, 34 (1983); JLFergason, SID85 Digest, 68 (1985), etc.].
[0028]
【Example】
The following examples further illustrate the present invention.
Example 1
An azo compound represented by the following structural formula:
Embedded image
Figure 0003783384
[0030]
0.46 g is dissolved in 15 ml of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 0.3 ml of 35% hydrochloric acid is added, cooled to 0 to 5 ° C., an aqueous solution containing 0.08 g of sodium nitrite is added, and the mixture is added for 2 hours. The mixture was diazotized by stirring at a high temperature. On the other hand, the following coupler [0031]
Embedded image
Figure 0003783384
[0032]
0.20 g was mixed with a small amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, added to the diazo solution, and reacted for about 2 hours.
After the reaction, it is diluted with methanol at room temperature, and the precipitate is filtered, washed with water, and dried. The resulting crystals are purified by column chromatography to obtain the following structural formula:
Embedded image
Figure 0003783384
[0034]
0.17 g of a dye was obtained.
This azo dye was dissolved at a concentration of 1 wt% in a phenylcyclohexane liquid crystal mixture marketed under the trade name ZLI-1565 (manufactured by E. MERCK) to prepare a blue guest-host liquid crystal composition. The glass substrate with a transparent electrode coated, cured and rubbed with a polyimide resin was opposed to this, and sealed in a cell with a gap of 9 μm so that the liquid crystal was aligned in parallel.
The absorbance (A // ) for the linearly polarized light parallel to the alignment direction of the blue colored cell and the absorbance (A に 対 す る) for the linearly polarized light perpendicular to the alignment direction were measured, and the absorbance at the absorption peak (λmax: 607 nm) was measured. The dial parameter (S) is expressed by the following formula:
[Expression 1]
S = (A // -A⊥) / (A // + 2A⊥)
[0036]
Was found to be S = 0.74.
As a result of obtaining the order parameter in the same manner by using a fluorinated liquid crystal mixture marketed under the trade name ZLI-4792 (manufactured by E. MERCK) instead of the above ZLI-1565, S = 0.75 (λmax 600 nm).
[0037]
Reference Example In the method of Example 1, the coupler is a dialkyl type coupling component.
Embedded image
Figure 0003783384
[0039]
Obtained instead of [0040]
Embedded image
Figure 0003783384
[0041]
The hue in a phenylcyclohexane-based liquid crystal mixture: trade name ZLI-1565 (manufactured by E. MERCK) was dark purple, λmax 547 nm, and λmax was 60 nm shorter than the previous examples. The order parameter (S) was 0.76.
The hue of the same dye in a fluorine-based liquid crystal mixture: trade name ZLI-4792 (manufactured by E. MERCK) was dark purple, λmax 543 nm, and λmax was 57 nm shorter than the previous examples. The order parameter (S) was 0.76.
[0042]
Example 2
The fluorinated liquid crystal mixture of various azo compounds obtained by the method according to the above-mentioned examples: the order parameter (S) and hue in the trade name ZLI-4792 (manufactured by E. MERCK) -1.
[0043]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003783384
[0044]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003783384
[0045]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003783384
[0046]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003783384
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
A liquid crystal device such as a display device excellent in contrast and durability can be constituted by the red-blue dichroic dye having high dichroism and high coloring power and a liquid crystal composition containing the same. .

Claims (4)

一般式[I]
Figure 0003783384
(式中、Xは水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシアルキル基、アルキルスルホニル基、ハロゲン原子、トリフルオロメトキシ基、R−OCO−、R−COO−、Rf−、Rf−S−、Rf−SO2−、Rf−OCO−の基を示し、Rはアルキル基;アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロヘキシル基、アルキルシクロヘキシル基で置換されていてもよいフェニル基;アルキル基、アルコキシ基、シクロヘキシル基、アルキルシクロヘキシル基で置換されていてもよいシクロヘキシル基を示し、Rfは3個以上のフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基を示し、Wは低級アルキル基を示し、Z1 〜Z6 は、それぞれ水素原子、ハロゲン原子、メチル基、メトキシ基またはトリフルオロメチル基を示し、またZ1 とZ2 、Z4 とZ5 は互いに連結して脂肪族環、芳香族環または含窒素芳香環を形成してもよく、nは0〜1、pは0〜2の数を表す。)で表されるアゾ系二色性色素。
Formula [I]
Figure 0003783384
(Wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethoxy group, R—OCO—, R—COO—, Rf—, Rf—S—, Rf) —SO 2 —, Rf—OCO—, wherein R is an alkyl group; an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group optionally substituted with an alkylcyclohexyl group; an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyclohexyl group, an alkyl Represents a cyclohexyl group which may be substituted with a cyclohexyl group, Rf represents an alkyl group substituted with 3 or more fluorine atoms, W represents a lower alkyl group, Z 1 to Z 6 each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, a methyl group, a methoxy group or a trifluoromethyl group, also Z 1 and Z 2, Z 4 and Z 5 are each Binding to an aliphatic ring, it may form an aromatic ring or a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring, n represents 0-1, azo dichroic dye p is represented by represents.) The number of 0-2.
請求項1に記載の色素において、nが1であるトリスアゾ二色性色素。The trisazo dichroic dye according to claim 1, wherein n is 1. 請求項1または2に記載のアゾ系二色性色素を含む液晶組成物。A liquid crystal composition comprising the azo dichroic dye according to claim 1. 請求項3に記載の液晶組成物を用いた液晶素子。A liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal composition according to claim 3.
JP34498897A 1997-12-15 1997-12-15 Dichroic dye, liquid crystal composition containing the dye, and liquid crystal element Expired - Lifetime JP3783384B2 (en)

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