JP3780274B2 - Wave breaker block - Google Patents

Wave breaker block Download PDF

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JP3780274B2
JP3780274B2 JP2003317643A JP2003317643A JP3780274B2 JP 3780274 B2 JP3780274 B2 JP 3780274B2 JP 2003317643 A JP2003317643 A JP 2003317643A JP 2003317643 A JP2003317643 A JP 2003317643A JP 3780274 B2 JP3780274 B2 JP 3780274B2
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dissipating
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notch
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征雄 浜田
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征雄 浜田
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この発明は、海岸、港湾、河川などにおいて岸近くに消波堤の構築のため配置される波消し組ブロックに関する。   The present invention relates to a wave breaker block arranged for constructing a breakwater near a shore in a coast, a port, a river, or the like.

海岸、港湾、河川などにおいて、外海から来襲する波浪を遮り、静穏な水面保持を目的として消波堤が設置されるが、反面、これによって、区切られた内側水域の水の交換が阻害され、水質悪化の原因となることが多い。   In coasts, harbors, rivers, etc., waves that come from the open sea are shielded and a water breakwater is set up for the purpose of maintaining a calm water surface, but on the other hand, the exchange of water in the separated inner water area is hindered, It often causes water quality deterioration.

このような外海との水の流通阻害による水質環境の悪化は、直接生態系への悪影響を及ぼし、特に消波堤構築現場は主に浅海域であり、有用魚介類をはじめとする水産動植物の産卵、着生、用稚仔生育など水産生物生産の基盤的領域であるため、この環境悪化がもたらす影響は極めて大きいという現状がある。   The deterioration of the water quality environment due to the inhibition of water distribution with the open sea directly affects the ecosystem, and the construction site of the water breakwater is mainly in the shallow water area. Since it is a fundamental area of aquatic product production such as egg laying, epiphytic growth, and juvenile growth, the impact of this environmental deterioration is extremely large.

従って、消波堤は、波浪環境を改善するとともに、水の流通を阻害しない構造が求められ、従来、主に異形ブロックを使用して構築する多孔壁型の消波堤が種々考案されていたが、これらの異形ブロックの配列によって出来る堤体内部隙間は複雑に交錯し、また狭小であるなど、水が停滞しやすい構造であった。   Therefore, the breakwater is required to have a structure that improves the wave environment and does not hinder the flow of water. Conventionally, various porous wall type breakwaters that are mainly constructed using deformed blocks have been devised. However, the gaps inside the levee body formed by the arrangement of these deformed blocks are complex and complex, and the water is likely to stagnate.

さらに、この堤体内隙間は、太陽光が到達しにくく暗いため、魚介類及び水の浄化機能を有する藻類、微生物などの生育に適していなかった。   Further, the gap in the levee body is not suitable for the growth of seafood and algae and microorganisms having a function of purifying water, because sunlight is difficult to reach and is dark.

日本の漁業生産量は、昭和60年頃を境に減少傾向に転じており、現在、水産物の消費量の53%(平成12年度)を供給するにとどまり、後は輸入に頼るという状況になっている。このような現状に対応するため、水産庁は、平成14年3月に作成した「水産基本計画」において、「国民に対する水産物の安定供給」、「水産業の健全な発展」を理念とし、平成24年度における水産物の自給率目標65%(食用)と、それを達成するための施策推進の指針を示した。それには、「漁港漁場整備長期計画」、「水産動植物の生育環境となる漁場等の積極的な保全・創造」等が含まれる。波消しブロックについては、良好な漁場環境及び生態系の保全(水質改善、藻場の維持・保全、再生)が政策大綱に見られ、また、漁礁の設置、増養殖場の造成、沿岸漁場の保全などの基板整備計画が見られる。これは上記現状から見て妥当な政策と考えられる。   Japan's fishery production has started to decrease since around 1985, and currently only supplies 53% of the consumption of fishery products (FY2000), and the rest depends on imports. Yes. In order to respond to such a current situation, the Fisheries Agency stated in the “Fisheries Basic Plan” prepared in March 2002 under the principles of “Stable supply of fishery products to the public” and “Sound development of fisheries”. The target for self-sufficiency of fishery products for the fiscal year was 65% (edible), and guidelines for promoting measures to achieve this target were presented. This includes the “Long-Term Project for Fishing Ports and Fishing Grounds Development”, “Actively Conserving and Creating Fishing Grounds, etc., as Environment for the Growth of Aquatic Animals and Plants”. For wave-breaking blocks, good fishing ground environment and ecosystem conservation (water quality improvement, maintenance and conservation of algae ground, regeneration) can be seen in the policy outline. Also, the establishment of fishing reefs, creation of aquaculture farms, coastal fishing grounds There are board maintenance plans such as maintenance. This is considered an appropriate policy from the above situation.

この発明は、このような実情に鑑みて、規則的に組むことにより波の活動によっても崩れない強固な消波堤が構築できることはもちろん、波の力を打ち消すのに有効な構造において、良好な漁場環境及び生態系の保全、再生に適した波消し組ブロックを提供することを課題とした。   In view of such a situation, the present invention can construct a strong breakwater that does not collapse even by wave activity by regularly assembling it, and it is good in a structure effective for canceling the wave force. The objective was to provide a wave-breaking block suitable for the conservation and regeneration of fishing ground environments and ecosystems.

この発明は、上記の課題を解決するために、消波堤の構築において、斜め方角***を取りながら縦横の配列で千鳥状に左右交互に組み合い得るよう互いに対称形状に形成される一の形態の波消しブロックと、他の形態の波消しブロックとを一組とする波消し組ブロックであって、それぞれが、前記斜め方角を取る方向に矩形の立方体を基本形態として、その左右両側面の中腹に前後に抜ける横欠部を設け、且つ、一の対角の両角に、他の対角の両角突部が嵌まり得る形状の内角切欠を形成し、一の形態の波消しブロックと他の形態の波消しブロックとが内角切欠と角突部とで交互に差し合う配列組合せとなることを特徴とする波消し組ブロックを構成した。   In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention is a construction of a breakwater that is formed symmetrically with each other so that it can be alternately assembled in a staggered manner in a vertical and horizontal arrangement while taking a diagonally oriented position. A wave-dissipating set block comprising a wave-dissipating block and another type of wave-dissipating block as a set, each of which has a rectangular cube in the direction taking the oblique direction as a basic form, and its middle The inner corner notch of the shape that can be fitted with the opposite corner protrusions of the other diagonal is formed at both corners of the opposite corner, and the wave-dissipating block of one form and the other The wave-dissipating block is characterized in that the wave-dissipating block of the form is an array combination in which inner corner notches and angular protrusions are alternately inserted.

上記の構成によれば、縦横の波消しブロックが角突部と内角切欠とで相互に組み合って配列が安定して維持される。その配列では、横欠部が連続して斜め方角にトンネルができ、4個が囲む間にトンネルが抜ける縦穴ができているので、強い波の来襲があっても、斜めに長くなる分だけ逆比例的に波力が弱められることはもちろん、縦穴からの噴出により波圧力が抜かれる。また、外海と内海との間に海水の交流が、波や潮の打ち寄せや引き、海岸に沿った潮の流れなどの海の自然活動により円滑に行われる。さらに、縦穴から内部に太陽光が差し込む。   According to the above configuration, the vertical and horizontal wave canceling blocks are combined with each other at the corner protrusion and the inner corner notch so that the arrangement is stably maintained. In that arrangement, the horizontal notches are continuously tunneled in the diagonal direction, and the vertical holes through which the tunnel passes are formed between the four, so even if there is a strong wave attack, it is reversed by the length of the diagonal. The wave force is proportionally weakened, and the wave pressure is released by the ejection from the vertical hole. In addition, the exchange of seawater between the open sea and the inland sea is carried out smoothly by natural activities of the sea, such as rushing and pulling waves and tides, and the flow of tides along the coast. Furthermore, sunlight is inserted into the inside from the vertical hole.

以上説明したように、この発明の波消し組ブロックによれば、大波の来襲にも耐える強固な消波堤の構築ができることはもちろん、その構築において、縦横の配列で岸に向かって斜め方角にトンネルが生じるだけでなく、そのトンネルが上に抜ける縦穴が生じるので、波の力を合理的に強力に打ち消すことができ、しかも、魚介類の避難や棲息に適する漁礁としての環境が得られ、また、太陽光の内部への到達に適するので、水の浄化や藻の生育が望めるなど、良好な漁場環境及び生態系の保全、再生に適するという優れた効果がある。   As described above, according to the wave breaker block of the present invention, it is possible to construct a strong water breakwater that can withstand the invasion of a large wave, and in that construction, in a diagonal direction toward the shore in a vertical and horizontal arrangement. Not only does a tunnel occur, but a vertical hole is created through which the tunnel passes upwards, so that the force of waves can be canceled out reasonably and powerfully, and an environment as a fishing reef suitable for evacuation and habitat of seafood can be obtained. In addition, since it is suitable for reaching the inside of sunlight, it has excellent effects such as purification of water and growth of algae, which is suitable for the preservation and regeneration of a good fishing ground environment and ecosystem.

図1ないし図4は、この発明の一実施の形態を示したもので、その波消し組ブロックPは、形態が対称形に異なる一対の波消しブロックPa,Pbを最小の組(単位)となすもので、岸から海に向かって、若しくは海から岸に向かって45度の方角に向けた体勢(***)を取って縦横に並べられて消波堤Tが構築される。いずれも前記***を取る矩形の立方体を基本形態として、その両側面の中腹に横へ抜ける前面開口の横欠部1,1を設けてある。したがって、消波堤Tでは横欠部1,1が横に抜ける方向は45度の斜め方角となる。また、一の対角の両端を欠除することにより、その両方に縦に抜ける外開き口形状の内角切欠3,3が設けてある。   1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention. The wave-dissipating set block P includes a pair of wave-dissipating blocks Pa and Pb that are symmetrically different from each other, and a minimum set (unit). The breakwater T is constructed by taking a posture (position) from the shore toward the sea or from the sea toward the shore in a 45 degree direction (position). In any case, a rectangular cube having the above-mentioned body position is used as a basic form, and lateral notches 1 and 1 of a front opening extending laterally are provided in the middle of both side surfaces. Therefore, in the breakwater T, the direction in which the horizontal notches 1 and 1 pass laterally is an oblique direction of 45 degrees. Further, by removing both ends of one diagonal, inner corner notches 3 and 3 having an outward opening shape extending vertically are provided in both of them.

波消しブロックPa,Pbの両形態の違いは、単に一の対角の取り方の違いだけであって、ブロックの基本の矩形を平面的に見て、一の波消しブロックPaの一の対角と、他の波消しブロックPbの一の対角が互いに交差する。このように内角切欠3,3を設ける方向の違いから、消波堤Tの構築において、縦列、横列にそれぞれ両波消しブロックPa,Pbを交互に配列すると、この規則的な並びで(図1ないし図3)、一の波消しブロックPaの内角切欠3に他の波消しブロックPbの角突部5,5が差し合う。   The difference between the two forms of the wave-dissipating blocks Pa and Pb is merely the difference in how to take one diagonal. When the basic rectangle of the block is viewed in plan, one pair of the wave-dissipating blocks Pa. The corner and one diagonal of the other wave eliminating block Pb cross each other. Because of the difference in the direction in which the inner corner notches 3 and 3 are provided in this way, in the construction of the breakwater T, when both wave canceling blocks Pa and Pb are alternately arranged in the vertical and horizontal rows, this regular arrangement (FIG. 1). 3 to FIG. 3), the corner protrusions 5 and 5 of the other wave-dissipating block Pb are inserted into the inner corner notch 3 of one wave-dissipating block Pa.

内角切欠3の深さは横欠部1の深さと同じであり、上記のように組み合うと、波消しブロックPa,Pbの間では横欠部1,1が斜め直列に並ぶことになり、それで斜めに長いトンネル2が生じることになる。そのため、海からの波が斜めに進路変向され、進路変向により距離が長くなった分だけ逆比例的に波の力が弱まる。また、4個で囲まれる間に縦穴7が生じることになり、この縦穴7に横欠部1,1が開口しているため、トンネル2から縦穴7に波が吹き上げることにより圧力が抜ける。   The depth of the inner corner notch 3 is the same as the depth of the horizontal notch 1, and when combined as described above, the horizontal notches 1 and 1 are arranged diagonally in series between the wave eliminating blocks Pa and Pb. An obliquely long tunnel 2 is generated. For this reason, the wave from the sea is diverted diagonally, and the wave force weakens in inverse proportion to the increase in distance due to the diversion. In addition, the vertical hole 7 is generated between the four holes, and the horizontal notches 1 and 1 are opened in the vertical hole 7, so that the pressure is released by the wave blowing from the tunnel 2 to the vertical hole 7.

各波消しブロックPa,Pbの横欠部1、1は、口開き状にそれぞれ上面1aと下面1bとが斜面となっている。したがって、横欠部1,1,・・が並ぶトンネル2においては、トンネル並び列(斜め)の波消しブロックPa,Pbの間では、上面1aと上面1aが、また、下面1bと下面1bがそれぞれ斜め交差に差し合って(図2,図3参照)、断続的に段差が生じているため、これがトンネル2内を進む波の抵抗となる。この時、波消しブロックPa,Pbが内角切欠3と角突部5との結合によりしっかりスクラムを組み波の力に強く抗することができる。   The horizontal notches 1 and 1 of the wave-eliminating blocks Pa and Pb have an upper surface 1a and a lower surface 1b, respectively, in a mouth-open shape and are inclined. Therefore, in the tunnel 2 in which the horizontal notches 1, 1,... Are arranged, the upper surface 1a and the upper surface 1a, and the lower surface 1b and the lower surface 1b are disposed between the wave-dissipating blocks Pa and Pb in the tunnel row (diagonal). Since each of them crosses diagonally (see FIG. 2 and FIG. 3), there are intermittent steps, and this becomes the resistance of the wave traveling in the tunnel 2. At this time, the wave-dissipating blocks Pa and Pb can firmly resist scrambling by combining the inner corner notch 3 and the corner projection 5 with the scram.

トンネル2の中を波が突撃しても、縦穴7の下が比較的静かであるので、魚が避難してそこで波が静まるまで安全に待機できる。また、波静かとなりトンネル2に戻ると、そこがストレートではなく複雑であるので、魚が安心して住処とすることができる。   Even if a wave rushes through the tunnel 2, the area under the vertical hole 7 is relatively quiet, so it is possible to safely wait until the fish has evacuated and the wave has settled there. Also, when the wave is quiet and you return to the tunnel 2, it is not straight but complicated, so the fish can be a safe place to live.

外海と内海との海水の交流には波の力だけではなく、潮の満干、海流なども働く。この点について、海流がトンネル2の迎い側からであると、岸に向かって海水が入りやすく、海流がトンネル2に対して逃げる方向にあると、岸近くの海水が引きやすい。したがって、水の浄化促進に適し、ごみも溜まらない。   Not only the power of waves but also the tides and ocean currents work in the exchange of seawater between the open sea and the inland sea. In this regard, when the ocean current is from the side of the tunnel 2, seawater is likely to enter the shore, and when the ocean current is in a direction to escape from the tunnel 2, the seawater near the shore is likely to be drawn. Therefore, it is suitable for water purification promotion and does not collect garbage.

上面には、凹部13がトンネル2と平行に長くなるように設けてある。そこで、ここに、サザエ、アワビ、ウニ等の有用魚介類の幼稚仔を沈着させて生育させると、斜めであるので波の直撃を避けやすく、生育に支承なく定着させることができる。なお、図1において、14は止め金である。   A recess 13 is provided on the upper surface so as to be long in parallel with the tunnel 2. Therefore, if young fish of useful seafood such as turban shell, abalone, and sea urchin are deposited and grown here, it is easy to avoid the direct hit of the wave because it is oblique, and it can be fixed without difficulty in growth. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 14 denotes a stopper.

また、底面にはトンネル2方向に底溝9が形成され、それが重心で釣り合う中央に設けるために、底部中心で位置違いに段差が付いている。この底溝9には縦穴7から魚介類がもぐり込む避難所となるが、重心の均等割りから海底に定着させやすく座足11,11が生じていることにも意味がある。   In addition, a bottom groove 9 is formed on the bottom surface in the direction of the tunnel 2 and is provided at the center where the center of gravity is balanced with the center of gravity. The bottom groove 9 serves as a refuge where fish and shellfish crawls from the vertical hole 7, but it is also meaningful that seat legs 11, 11 are easily formed on the sea floor due to the equal division of the center of gravity.

図5及び図6は、横欠部1の形状についてそれぞれ別の実施の形態を示したもので、図5では、V字切込みの形状に、図6では湾曲した形状に、それぞれ横欠部1,1が形成され、いずれも上面1aと下面1bがそれぞれの形状により斜面となっている。   FIGS. 5 and 6 show different embodiments for the shape of the lateral notch 1. In FIG. 5, the lateral notch 1 has a V-shaped cut shape, and FIG. 6 has a curved shape. , 1 are formed, and both the upper surface 1a and the lower surface 1b are inclined according to their shapes.

以上は、一段の配列において波消しブロックPa,Pbの組み方を説明したが、2段以上に積み重ねて配列することがある。この場合は、上下でずれたり転倒しないように、図7及び図8に示すように、下の波消しブロックPa(Pb)については、上面にホゾ15を突設し、上の波消しブロックPa(Pb)の下面にホゾ穴17を設け、相互に結合を強化することが望ましい。   In the above, the method of assembling the wave-dissipating blocks Pa and Pb has been described in a single-stage arrangement. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. It is desirable to provide a side hole 17 on the lower surface of (Pb) to reinforce the mutual coupling.

図9及び図10は、さらに他の実施の形態を示したもので、この場合は、上面に6個の凹部13,13,・・を配設した。前記実施の形態では、4個であったが、このように多数個の配列で漁礁としての機能を一層高めることができる。   9 and 10 show still another embodiment. In this case, six recesses 13, 13,... Are arranged on the upper surface. In the above embodiment, the number is four, but the function as a fishing reef can be further enhanced by the arrangement of a large number in this way.

この発明の一実施の形態による波消し組ブロックを示すの斜視図である。1 is a perspective view showing a wave-dissipating set block according to an embodiment of the present invention. 同波消し組ブロックの組み方を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows how to assemble the wave eraser assembly block. 同波消し組ブロックで構築した消波堤の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the breakwater constructed with the same wave extinguishing group block. 同消波堤の平面図である。It is a top view of the same breakwater. 他の実施の形態による波消しブロックの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the wave-dissipating block by other embodiment. さらに他の実施の形態による波消しブロックの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the wave-dissipating block by other embodiment. さらに他の実施の形態による波消しブロックの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the wave-dissipating block by other embodiment. 同波消しブロックに他の波消しブロックを重ねた状態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the state which piled up another wave-dissipating block on the wave-dissipating block. 他の実施の形態を示す図1に対応する斜視図である。It is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 1 which shows other embodiment. 同実施の形態を示す図2に対応する斜視図である。It is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 2 which shows the same embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

P 波消し組ブロック
Pa 一の形態の波消しブロック
Pb 他の形態の波消しブロック
T 消波堤
1 横欠部
1a、1b 横欠部の上面、下面
2 トンネル
3 内角切欠
5 角突部
7 縦穴
9 底溝
13 凹部
15 ホゾ
17 ホゾ穴

P Wave-dissipating set block Pa Wave-dissipating block Pb in one form Wave-dissipating block T in another form Wave-dissipating bank 1 Horizontal notch 1a, 1b Top face and bottom face of lateral notch 2 Tunnel 3 Inner corner notch 5 Angular protrusion 7 Vertical hole 9 Bottom groove 13 Recess 15 Side 17 Side hole

Claims (4)

消波堤の構築において、斜め方角***を取りながら縦横の配列で千鳥状に左右交互に組み合い得るよう互いに対称形状に形成される一の形態の波消しブロックと、他の形態の波消しブロックとを一組とする波消し組ブロックであって、それぞれが、前記斜め方角を取る方向に矩形の立方体を基本形態として、その左右両側面の中腹に前後に抜ける横欠部を設け、且つ、一の対角の両角に、他の対角の両角突部が嵌まり得る形状の内角切欠を形成し、一の形態の波消しブロックと他の形態の波消しブロックとが内角切欠と角突部とで交互に差し合う配列組合せとなることを特徴とする波消し組ブロック。   In the construction of a breakwater, one form of wave breaker block that is formed symmetrically with each other so that it can be alternately assembled in a staggered manner in a vertical and horizontal arrangement while taking a diagonal position, and another form of wave breaker block Each of which is a set of wave-dissipating blocks, each of which has a rectangular cube in a direction to take the diagonal direction, and has a horizontal notch that extends through the middle of its left and right side surfaces, An internal corner notch having a shape that can be fitted with both diagonal protrusions of the other diagonal is formed at both corners of the opposite corner, and the inner corner notch and the angular protrusion are formed by one form of wave block and another form of wave block. A wave breaker block characterized in that it is an array combination that alternates between and. 横欠部が口開き状においてその上面と下面が斜面に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の波消し組ブロック。   2. A wave breakage block according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal notch has a mouth-opening shape, and the upper surface and the lower surface are formed as slopes. 波消しブロックの上面に魚介類の幼稚仔を定着させ得るように凹部を、下面には魚介類が潜り込み得るように底溝をそれぞれ形成したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の波消し組ブロック。   3. A wave breaker according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a recess is formed on the upper surface of the wave breaker block so that a juvenile of seafood can be fixed, and a bottom groove is formed on the lower surface so that seafood can sink. Pair block. 波消しブロックを積み重ね得るように、下位の波消しブロックの上面にホゾを、上位の波消しブロックの下面にホゾ穴をそれぞれ形成したことを特徴とする請求項1,2又は3記載の波消し組ブロック。

The wave eraser according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a tenon is formed on the upper surface of the lower wave-dissipating block and a tenon hole is formed on the lower surface of the upper wave-dissipating block so that the wave-dissipating blocks can be stacked. Pair block.

JP2003317643A 2003-09-10 2003-09-10 Wave breaker block Expired - Fee Related JP3780274B2 (en)

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