JP2005146682A - Wave dissipating block - Google Patents

Wave dissipating block Download PDF

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JP2005146682A
JP2005146682A JP2003386544A JP2003386544A JP2005146682A JP 2005146682 A JP2005146682 A JP 2005146682A JP 2003386544 A JP2003386544 A JP 2003386544A JP 2003386544 A JP2003386544 A JP 2003386544A JP 2005146682 A JP2005146682 A JP 2005146682A
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wave
block
hole
blocks
lateral
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Yukio Hamada
征雄 浜田
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide wave dissipating blocks suitable for good fishing grounds environment, conservation of an ecosystem and reclamation in a structure effective in dissipating wave force, not to speak of constructing a strong wave dissipating bank which does not break down by the activity of wave by building the blocks up regularly. <P>SOLUTION: Each of concrete blocks arranged in contact in longitudinal and lateral directions to construct the wave dissipating bank with the simultaneous occurrence of arrangement in right and left oblique intersecting directions, is formed in polygonal shape or shape close to it, having four side faces in the direction of a right cross so as to be joined to the adjacent blocks in longitudinal and lateral lines and having four corner faces in lateral intersecting directions to become inner surfaces so that a vertical hole is formed at the intersection center of four adjacent blocks. The block is provided with a lateral through hole passing through obliquely to open to both relative corner faces. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

この発明は、海岸、港湾、河川などにおいて岸近くに消波堤の構築のため配置される波消しブロックに関する。   The present invention relates to a wave-dissipating block arranged for constructing a breakwater near a shore in a coast, a port, a river, or the like.

海岸、港湾、河川などにおいて、外海から来襲する波浪を遮り、静穏な水面保持を目的として消波堤が設置されるが、反面、これによって、区切られた内側水域の水の交換が阻害され、水質悪化の原因となることが多い。   In coasts, harbors, rivers, etc., waves that come from the open sea are shielded and a water breakwater is set up for the purpose of maintaining a calm water surface, but on the other hand, the exchange of water in the separated inner water area is hindered, It often causes water quality deterioration.

このような外海との水の流通阻害による水質環境の悪化は、直接生態系への悪影響を及ぼし、特に消波堤構築現場は主に浅海域であり、有用魚介類をはじめとする水産動植物の産卵、着生、幼稚仔生育など水産生物生産の基盤的領域であるため、この環境悪化がもたらす影響は極めて大きいという現状がある。   The deterioration of the water quality environment due to the inhibition of water distribution with the open sea directly affects the ecosystem, and the construction site of the water breakwater is mainly in the shallow water area. Since it is a fundamental area of aquatic product production, such as egg laying, epiphysis, and growth of young infants, there is a current situation that the impact of this environmental deterioration is extremely large.

従って、消波堤は、波浪環境を改善するとともに、水の流通を阻害しない構造が求められ、従来、主に異形ブロックを使用して構築する多孔壁型の消波堤が種々考案されていたが、これらの異形ブロックの配列によって出来る堤体内部隙間は複雑に交錯し、また狭小であるなど、水が停滞しやすい構造であった。   Therefore, the breakwater is required to have a structure that improves the wave environment and does not hinder the flow of water. Conventionally, various porous wall type breakwaters that are mainly constructed using deformed blocks have been devised. However, the gaps inside the levee body formed by the arrangement of these deformed blocks are complex and complex, and the water is likely to stagnate.

さらに、この堤体内隙間は、太陽光が到達しにくく暗いため、魚介類及び水の浄化機能を有する藻類、微生物などの生育に適していなかった。   Further, the gap in the levee body is not suitable for the growth of seafood and algae and microorganisms having a function of purifying water, because sunlight is difficult to reach and is dark.

日本の漁業生産量は、昭和60年頃を境に減少傾向に転じており、現在、水産物の消費量の53%(平成12年度)を供給するにとどまり、後は輸入に頼るという状況になっている。このような現状に対応するため、水産庁は、平成14年3月に作成した「水産基本計画」において、「国民に対する水産物の安定供給」、「水産業の健全な発展」を理念とし、平成24年度における水産物の自給率目標65%(食用)と、それを達成するための施策推進の指針を示した。それには、「漁港漁場整備長期計画」、「水産動植物の生育環境となる漁場等の積極的な保全・創造」等が含まれる。波消しブロックについては、良好な漁場環境及び生態系の保全(水質改善、藻場の維持・保全、再生)が政策大綱に見られ、また、魚礁の設置、増養殖場の造成、沿岸漁場の保全などの基板整備計画が見られる。これは上記現状から見て妥当な政策と考えられる。   Japan's fishery production has started to decrease since around 1985, and currently only supplies 53% of the consumption of fishery products (FY2000), and the rest depends on imports. Yes. In order to respond to such a current situation, the Fisheries Agency stated in the “Fisheries Basic Plan” prepared in March 2002 under the principles of “Stable supply of fishery products to the public” and “Sound development of fisheries”. The target for self-sufficiency of fishery products for the fiscal year was 65% (edible), and guidelines for promoting measures to achieve this target were presented. This includes the “Long-Term Project for Fishing Ports and Fishing Grounds Development”, “Actively Conserving and Creating Fishing Grounds, etc., as Environment for the Growth of Aquatic Animals and Plants”. For wave-breaking blocks, good fishing ground environment and ecosystem conservation (water quality improvement, maintenance and conservation of algae ground, rehabilitation) can be seen in the policy outline, and fish reef installation, aquaculture farms, coastal fishing grounds There are board maintenance plans such as maintenance. This is considered an appropriate policy from the above situation.

この発明は、このような実情に鑑みて、規則的に組むことにより波の活動によっても崩れない強固な消波堤が構築できることはもちろん、波の力を打ち消すのに有効な構造において、良好な漁場環境及び生態系の保全、再生に適した波消しブロックを提供することを課題とした。   In view of such a situation, the present invention can construct a strong breakwater that does not collapse even by wave activity by regularly assembling it, and it is good in a structure effective for canceling the wave force. The objective was to provide a wave block suitable for conservation and regeneration of the fishing ground environment and ecosystem.

この発明は、上記の課題を解決するために、縦横方角に接して配列されることにより左右の斜め交差方角の配列が同時に生じている消波堤が構築されるコンクリートブロックであって、縦横列の並びで隣接ブロックと接合し得るよう正十字方向の4側面を有するほか、隣接4個の交差中心に縦穴が生じ得るようその内面となる左右交差方向の4角面を有する多角形若しくはそれに近い形状に形成し、且つ、そのブロックには、相対する両角面に開口して斜方角に貫通する横抜穴を設けたことを特徴とする波消しブロックを構成した。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a concrete block in which a breakwater is constructed in which an arrangement of left and right diagonal crossing directions is generated at the same time by being arranged in contact with the vertical and horizontal directions, In addition to having four sides in a regular cross direction so that they can be joined to adjacent blocks in a row, a polygon having a quadrangular surface in the left-right cross direction that is the inner surface so that a vertical hole can be formed at the center of four adjacent intersections or close to it A wave-dissipating block characterized in that the block was formed in a shape and was provided with a horizontal hole that opened in opposite corners and penetrated in an oblique direction.

上記の構成によれば、消波堤を構築する配列では、横抜穴が斜め方角に直列してトンネルができ、4個が囲む間にトンネルが真上に抜ける縦穴ができているので、強い波の来襲があっても、斜めに長くなる分だけ逆比例的に波力が弱められることはもちろん、縦穴からの噴出により波圧力が抜かれる。また、外海と内海との間に海水の交流が、波や潮の打ち寄せや引き、海岸に沿った潮の流れなどの海の自然活動により円滑に行われる。さらに、消波堤の内部が魚介類の安全な棲息空間となり、縦穴からトンネル内部に内部に太陽光が差し込む。   According to the above configuration, in the arrangement for constructing the breakwater, the horizontal hole is tunneled in series in the diagonal direction, and the vertical hole through which the tunnel passes straight up between the four enclosed is strong. Even if there is a wave attack, the wave force is weakened in inverse proportion to the length of the wave, and the wave pressure is released by the jet from the vertical hole. In addition, the exchange of seawater between the open sea and the inland sea is carried out smoothly by natural activities of the sea, such as rushing and pulling waves and tides, and the flow of tides along the coast. Furthermore, the inside of the breakwater is a safe habitat for seafood, and sunlight enters the tunnel from the vertical hole.

横抜穴が中心部に絞って形成されていると(請求項2)、これによっても波力が弱められ、また、縦穴に半々に嵌まる差し座が横抜穴の開口下縁よりも高く突設されていると(請求項3)、これによってもさらに波力が弱められる。しかも、この差し座により波消しブロックどうしが組み合うばかりでなく、下の海底の砂や基礎が波流により削られる不都合が防止されるため、消波堤の構築が安定する。   If the horizontal hole is formed so as to be narrowed to the center (Claim 2), the wave force is also weakened by this, and the insertion seat that fits in half in the vertical hole is higher than the lower edge of the opening of the horizontal hole. If projecting (Claim 3), the wave force is further weakened by this. In addition, the wave breaker blocks not only combine with each other, but the inconvenience that the sand and the foundation of the bottom seabed are shaved by the wave flow is prevented, so that the construction of the wave breakwater is stabilized.

以上説明したように、この発明の波消しブロックによれば、大波の来襲にも耐える強固な消波堤の構築ができることはもちろん、その構築において、縦横の配列で岸に向かって斜め方角にトンネルが生じるだけでなく、そのトンネルが真上に抜ける縦穴が生じるので、波の力を合理的に強力に打ち消すことができ、しかも、魚介類の避難や棲息に適する魚礁としての環境が得られ、また、太陽光の内部への到達に適するので、水の浄化や藻の生育が望めるなど、良好な漁場環境及び生態系の保全、再生に適するという優れた効果がある。   As described above, according to the wave breaker block of the present invention, it is possible to construct a strong wave breaker that can withstand the invasion of a large wave. Not only does this occur, but there is a vertical hole through which the tunnel passes directly above, so the wave force can be canceled out reasonably and powerfully, and an environment as a reef suitable for evacuation and habitat of seafood can be obtained, In addition, since it is suitable for reaching the inside of sunlight, it has excellent effects such as purification of water and growth of algae, which is suitable for the preservation and regeneration of a good fishing ground environment and ecosystem.

図1ないし図7は、この発明の一実施の形態を示したもので、その波消しブロックPは、コンクリートにより八角形の短柱状に形成するとともに、45度の斜めに横抜穴1を設け、横抜穴1が通る両横に差し座3,3が突設されたもので、消波堤Tの構築においては、縦横の正十文字の方向に詰まる配列となるようその4方向に側面4,4,4,4を有し、また、この配列によって左右X文字交差の配列が生じるが、隣接4個において中心に縦穴7が生じるように、各側面4,4の間に角面5,5,5,5を有する正八角形に形成される。   1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention. The wave-dissipating block P is formed into an octagonal short column shape with concrete, and a horizontal hole 1 is provided obliquely at 45 degrees. In the construction of the breakwater T, the side walls 4 are arranged in the four directions so as to be arranged in the direction of the vertical and horizontal characters. , 4, 4 and 4, and this arrangement results in an arrangement of crossing left and right X characters, but in the adjacent four pieces, a square surface 5 is formed between the side surfaces 4 and 4 so that a vertical hole 7 is formed at the center. It is formed into a regular octagon having 5, 5, and 5.

横抜穴1は、一の相対両角面5,5に開口する斜め方角に形成され、消波堤Tの構築において、その方角に連続する並びでトンネル8が生じるので、岸Sに向かう波Wが突っ込んでくると(図5参照)、トンネル8で斜めに方向が変えられる結果、方向転換により距離が長くなった分に相応して逆比例的に波の力が衰える。また、トンネル8に対して岸Sに沿った迎え潮Faであると(図6参照)、抵抗なくトンネル8を通って岸辺の内海に海水が入り込み、逆に、逃げ潮Fbであると(図7参照)、内海から外海に海水が引かれることになる。   The horizontal through hole 1 is formed in an oblique direction opening in one relative both-side surfaces 5 and 5, and in the construction of the breakwater T, tunnels 8 are formed in a row continuous in that direction, so that the wave W toward the shore S As a result, the direction of the wave is diminished in proportion to the increase in the distance due to the change of direction as a result of the direction being changed obliquely by the tunnel 8 (see FIG. 5). Further, when the tide Fa is along the shore S with respect to the tunnel 8 (see FIG. 6), seawater enters the inland sea on the shore through the tunnel 8 without resistance, and conversely, the escape tide Fb (see FIG. 6). 7), seawater is drawn from the inland sea to the open sea.

したがって、トンネル8内の海水や内海の水が常時入れ代わり、内外海水が浄化され、また、縦穴7から太陽の光が投入するので、トンネル8内でも浄化が促進される。   Accordingly, the seawater in the tunnel 8 and the water in the inland sea are constantly replaced, the inside and outside seawater is purified, and the sunlight is introduced from the vertical hole 7, so that the purification is also promoted in the tunnel 8.

この横抜穴1は、寸法が縦横に大きく開口して両側面4,4にまでその開口9,9が及んでいるが、中間部に行くにつれて内側の傾斜面により中心で絞るように狭くなっており中間にその狭壁部11を有する。そのため、波がこの絞り込みの断続によっても弱められる。   The horizontal hole 1 has a large size in the vertical and horizontal directions and the openings 9 and 9 extend to both side surfaces 4 and 4, but narrows so as to be narrowed at the center by the inner inclined surface as it goes to the middle portion. And has the narrow wall portion 11 in the middle. As a result, the wave is weakened even by this intermittent narrowing.

差し座3,3は、横抜穴1が開口する側とは違う他の相対両角面5,5に下端面から外側へ突出しており、突出方向に上下で次第に小さくなっているが(図8)、幅が角面5と同一であって、突出寸法がその半分である(図9参照)。そこで、消波堤Tの構築においては、斜め隣接する両波消しブロックP,Pの差し座3,3が縦穴7の下に差し合って共に嵌まることになり、これによって、各波消しブロックP,P,・・の組み合わせが確定し、相互に持ち合って安定する。また、この差し座3の高さは、横抜穴1の開口9の下縁9aよりも段差が生じるように高くなっている(図4参照)。   The insertion seats 3 and 3 project outward from the lower end surface to the other relative angular surfaces 5 and 5 different from the side where the side hole 1 opens, and gradually become smaller in the projecting direction in the vertical direction (FIG. 8). ), The width is the same as that of the square surface 5, and the protruding dimension is half that (see FIG. 9). Therefore, in the construction of the wave breaker T, the diagonally adjacent wave erasure blocks P, P are inserted together under the vertical hole 7, so that each wave erasure block is fitted together. The combination of P, P,... Is fixed and is held by each other and stabilized. Further, the height of the insert 3 is higher than the lower edge 9a of the opening 9 of the horizontal hole 1 so that a step is generated (see FIG. 4).

横抜穴1,1,・・が連続するトンネル8を見ると、横抜穴1と横抜穴1との間に縦穴7,7,・・を有するので、波が順次縦穴7,7,・・に突入し(図4)、その都度波力が上に抜かれることになる。しかも、前記の如く開口9が拡張する大きい形状であるのに対して、縦穴7の幅が一角面5の狭い幅であるので、突入毎にその幅狭さで抵抗を受け、加えて、差し座3,3が開口9の下縁9aよりも高いため、上下の狭さによっても抵抗を受ける結果、このように波当たり抵抗によっても波力が弱まる。   When the tunnel 8 in which the horizontal holes 1, 1,... Are viewed, the vertical holes 7, 7,.・ Push into (Fig. 4) and wave power will be pulled out each time. Moreover, since the opening 9 has a large shape that expands as described above, the width of the vertical hole 7 is a narrow width of the single-sided surface 5, so that resistance is received by the narrowness at each entry, and in addition, Since the seats 3 and 3 are higher than the lower edge 9 a of the opening 9, the wave force is also weakened by the wave hitting resistance as a result of resistance due to the narrowness of the top and bottom.

トンネル8および縦穴7は、普段は魚の安全な住処となるが、このように海が荒れたときの消波の機能を果たすことになり、その際には、魚が消波された比較的静かな内海に移動することになる。   The tunnel 8 and the vertical hole 7 are usually a safe place for fish, but they will function as a wave breaker when the sea is rough like this. Will move to the inner sea.

図4は、玉石などで盛った基礎13の上に消波堤Tを構築した場合を示したものであるが、その設置基盤の如何に係わらず、図8,図9に示すように、下面に大きく凹部15を設けてあると、傾かないように正座させやすい。また、上面に狭い窪み17,17,・・を設けてあると、そこが魚介類の産卵や幼稚仔の安全な定着場所となる。   FIG. 4 shows a case where the breakwater T is constructed on the foundation 13 made of cobblestone or the like, but regardless of the installation base, as shown in FIGS. If the concave portion 15 is provided in a large size, it is easy to make it sit straight so as not to tilt. In addition, if narrow depressions 17, 17,... Are provided on the upper surface, this becomes a safe place for spawning seafood and infants.

消波堤の構築においては、一段配列とは限らなく、数段とすることもある。図10および図11は、二段に組み合う場合を示したものであるが、下の段の波消しブロックPaには、上面に凸部16が形成され、その凸部16に上の波消しブロックPの凹部15を嵌めて安定させることができる。   The construction of a breakwater is not limited to a one-stage arrangement, and may have several stages. FIGS. 10 and 11 show a case where two steps are assembled. In the wave-dissipating block Pa in the lower step, a convex portion 16 is formed on the upper surface, and the wave-dissipating block above the convex portion 16 is formed. The recessed portion 15 of P can be fitted and stabilized.

この発明に係る一実施の形態を示す波消しブロックの斜視図である。1 is a perspective view of a wave eliminating block showing an embodiment according to the present invention. 消波堤を構築する分かりやすい最小組個数で示す同波消しブロックの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the same wave extinguishing block shown by the minimum number of sets which are easy to understand which constructs a breakwater. 同消波堤の構築状態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the construction state of the same breakwater. 図3のA−A線矢視において海底に設置した状態を示すとともに波進路方向を矢印で図示して説明する使用状態断面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the usage state illustrating the state of being installed on the seabed as viewed in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 消波堤の構築状態において波を消す仕組みを説明する平面図である。It is a top view explaining the mechanism in which a wave is extinguished in the construction state of a breakwater. 同消波堤の構築状態において潮の流れを内海に取り入れる仕組みを説明する平面図である。It is a top view explaining the mechanism in which the flow of a tide is taken in the inland sea in the construction state of the same breakwater. 同消波堤の構築状態において潮の流れで内海から海水を引く仕組みを説明する平面図である。It is a top view explaining the mechanism which draws seawater from the inland sea with the flow of tide in the construction state of the same breakwater. 他の実施の形態を示す波消しブロックの斜め方角から見た側面図である。It is the side view seen from the diagonal direction of the wave-dissipating block which shows other embodiment. 同波消しブロックの底面図である。It is a bottom view of the wave canceling block. 他の実施の形態を説明するために上下組で波消しブロックを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows a wave-dissipating block by the upper and lower group in order to demonstrate other embodiment. 同上下組の波消しブロックの縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the wave-dissipating block of the same upper and lower set.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

P,Pa 波消しブロック
T 消波堤
1 横抜穴
3 差し座
4 側面
5 角面
7 縦穴
8 トンネル
9 開口
9a 開口下縁

P, Pa Wave breaker block T Wave breaker 1 Horizontal hole 3 Insert 4 Side 5 Corner 7 Vertical hole 8 Tunnel 9 Opening 9a Opening lower edge

Claims (3)

縦横方角に接して配列されることにより左右の斜め交差方角の配列が同時に生じている消波堤が構築されるコンクリートブロックであって、縦横列の並びで隣接ブロックと接合し得るよう正十字方向の4側面を有するほか、隣接4個の交差中心に縦穴が生じ得るようその内面となる左右交差方向の4角面を有する多角形若しくはそれに近い形状に形成し、且つ、そのブロックには、相対する両角面に開口して斜方角に貫通する横抜穴を設けたことを特徴とする波消しブロック。   A concrete block on which a breakwater is constructed that is arranged in contact with the vertical and horizontal directions so that left and right diagonal crossing directions are arranged at the same time, and is arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction so that it can be joined to adjacent blocks In addition to the four side surfaces, it is formed into a polygon having a quadrangular surface in the left-right intersecting direction which is the inner surface so that a vertical hole can be formed at the center of four adjacent intersections, and the block has a relative shape. A wave-dissipating block, characterized in that it is provided with a horizontal hole that opens in both corners and penetrates in an oblique direction. ブロックの前記多角形が八角形であって、前記横抜穴が、両開口から中心部へゆくにつれて絞られて狭くなるように、両開口が当該角面からその両側面に拡張して縦横共に大きく形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の波消しブロック。   The polygons of the block are octagonal, and both openings are extended from the square face to both side faces so that the horizontal hole is narrowed and narrowed from both openings toward the center. 2. The wave blocking block according to claim 1, wherein the wave blocking block is large. ブロックの下端部に、前記横抜穴と直行する方向の両角面から差し座を前記縦穴の半部に嵌まる長さに突設し、且つ、その両差し座を横抜穴の開口下縁よりも高く形成したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の波消しブロック。

At the lower end of the block, an insert is projected from both corners in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal hole so as to fit into the half of the vertical hole, and the both holes are the lower edge of the opening of the horizontal hole. The wave breaking block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wave breaking block is formed higher than the height.

JP2003386544A 2003-11-17 2003-11-17 Wave dissipating block Pending JP2005146682A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100910413B1 (en) 2009-01-08 2009-08-04 (주)한국건설엔지니어링 River for fish way
CN102165013A (en) * 2008-09-29 2011-08-24 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Biodegradable polymer mixture
WO2024098236A1 (en) * 2022-11-08 2024-05-16 中国港湾工程有限责任公司 Concrete block for armor layer, and construction placement method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102165013A (en) * 2008-09-29 2011-08-24 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Biodegradable polymer mixture
CN102165013B (en) * 2008-09-29 2013-04-24 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Biodegradable polymer mixture
KR100910413B1 (en) 2009-01-08 2009-08-04 (주)한국건설엔지니어링 River for fish way
WO2024098236A1 (en) * 2022-11-08 2024-05-16 中国港湾工程有限责任公司 Concrete block for armor layer, and construction placement method

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