JP3771152B2 - Multistage seedling raising equipment - Google Patents

Multistage seedling raising equipment Download PDF

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JP3771152B2
JP3771152B2 JP2001245150A JP2001245150A JP3771152B2 JP 3771152 B2 JP3771152 B2 JP 3771152B2 JP 2001245150 A JP2001245150 A JP 2001245150A JP 2001245150 A JP2001245150 A JP 2001245150A JP 3771152 B2 JP3771152 B2 JP 3771152B2
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seedling
space
box
seedling raising
air
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JP2003052253A (en
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勝美 岡部
和 土屋
順也 布施
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太洋興業株式会社
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

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  • Greenhouses (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、多段式育苗装置に関する。さらに詳しくは、閉鎖空間型で多段棚式の育苗装置であって、人工光源(または、人工照明装置)および空調装置を装備し、外部環境の影響を受けない安定した植物育苗環境を実現し、均一な生育条件下で、高品質のセル成型苗を、低エネルギー低コストで自動的に生産することができる、多段式育苗装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、各種植物の苗を育成する育苗方法としては、植物工場に代表される育苗方法がある。この育苗方法は、人工光源、空調装置および自動灌水装置を装備した育苗装置によって、育苗空間の光量、温度、湿度、風速、灌水量などを人為的に最適状態に調節し、高品質で均一な苗を安定的に、省力、低コストで育成する方法である。この種の育苗方法で使用される育苗装置で重要なことは、人工光源(または人工照明装置)の発熱による影響を最小に調節することである。
【0003】
人工光源の発熱による影響を改良した育苗装置として、特許第3026253号公報に記載の人工環境装置が提案されている。ここで提案されている人工環境装置では、左右両端を開口した空調室を設け、その一端に吸入室を、他方の端に吹出室を設け、それぞれを連結した通風路に空調装置と通風装置を設け、吸入室と吹出室との間に配置した苗育成装置に、温度および湿度を調節された空気を供給するようにされている。
【0004】
しかしながらこの人工環境装置では、実験によると、次のような不都合があることが分かった。まず、成育が旺盛な苗を短期間で育苗する場合には、人工光源からの光量も多く要求されるが、同時に人工光源が発する熱量も多くなる。人工環境装置内に多段式育苗棚を多数並べると、多段式育苗棚を配置した空間を通過する通風距離が長くなる。人工光源が発する熱量が多い場合、通風が当たる最初の地点と通風が当たる末尾の地点とでは、除熱効果の差により温度差が生じ易くなり、苗の成育ムラや、成育不良の原因となる。また、多段式育苗棚を設置する空調室の外部に、通風路、吹出室、吸入室、整流室などの機器類を設ける必要があり、装置全体としては複雑で、かつ、育苗空間の面積利用効率が低いという欠点がある。
【0005】
特許第3026253号公報に記載の人工環境装置の上記欠点を改良したものとして、本発明の出願人は先に、育苗を行う育苗空間に複数の育苗棚を多段に配置し、各育苗空間の上部に人工光源を設置し、育苗空間の前方を開放し、後方を多数の穴が設けられた壁面で閉鎖し、穴の各々に空気ファンを設置した多段式育苗装置が提案した(特願2001−99162号)。しかし、その後さらに検討した結果、多数の空気ファンを設置するためのコスト、装置の維持コストなどが嵩むという欠点があることが分かった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者は、かかる状況に鑑み、多段式育苗装置において、人工光源(人工照明装置)によって光を十分に照射しながら、育苗空間内を均一かつ効率的に除熱を行ない、均一で高品質の笛を自動的に、省エネルギー、省資源、低コスト方式で生産することができる育苗技術を提供すべき鋭意検討した結果、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明では、断熱性壁面で囲まれ完全遮光性とされた大型で閉鎖型構造物の内部空間に、箱型育苗装置が1基ないし複数基配置されてなる多段式育苗装置において、閉鎖型構造物の内部空間の適所に空調装置が装備されてなり、箱型育苗装置は育苗空間と空気室とを備えてなり、育苗空間はその前方が開放され、かつ、この育苗空間には植物を生育する培地を入れた複数個の育苗容器を配置した受け皿を載置する育苗棚が多段に配置され、各育苗棚に載置した育苗容器の上側には植物に光を照射する人工照明装置が配置されてなり、育苗空間と空気室との境界には多孔板が配置されてなり、空気室の背面側には複数基の空気ファンが設けられてなることを特徴とする多段式育苗装置を提供する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の係る多段式育苗装置は、断熱性壁面で囲まれ完全遮光性とされた大型で閉鎖型構造物の内部空間に、箱型育苗装置が1基ないし複数基配置されてなる閉鎖型の育苗装置である。本発明において閉鎖型育苗装置とは、外気温と自然光線とを遮断する壁面で囲まれて閉鎖された内部空間を有する構造物をいう。代表的な構造物は、鉄筋、スレート板および断熱材を組み合わせた箱型の六面体が挙げられる。構造物の外形は特に限られるものではなく、外形が蒲鉾型、半円筒型、半球型などのものであってもよい。
【0009】
閉鎖型構造物の内部空間の大きさは、その内部空間に箱型育苗装置を1基ないし複数基並べて配置可能とされ、箱型育苗装置の前面で、一人または複数の作業者が作業できる程度の作業空間を設けるものとする。閉鎖型構造物の内部空間の面積利用率、空間利用率を高めるために、作業空間は局限まで小さく、狭くするのが好ましい。閉鎖型構造物の内部に箱型育苗装置を配置する際には、閉鎖型構造物の壁面と箱型育苗装置の背面との間に、5〜30cm程度の幅の空間を設けて、箱型育苗装置の空気室を通過した空気の循環通路とする。
【0010】
閉鎖型構造物は、空調装置を装備している必要がある。空調装置は、閉鎖型構造物の内部空間の空気を調温・調湿し、調温・調湿した空気を閉鎖型構造物内に循環させる機能を備えている必要がある。空調装置の室内機は、閉鎖空間内部の適所に取り付ける。ここで適所とは、室内機を取り付けられる場所であって、例えば閉鎖空間内部の天井壁面、側壁面、床面などを言う。屋外機は、閉鎖型構造物の外に取り付けるのが好ましい。空調装置は、閉鎖型構造物の内部空間が小さいときは、一基の装置によって閉鎖型構造物の内部空間の全体を調温・調湿することができるが、閉鎖型構造物の内部空間が大きいときは、複数の箱型育苗装置に対応させた数とするのが好ましい。
【0011】
空調装置によって循環される循環空気が箱型育苗装置を通過する際に、主に人工照明装置(人工光源)から放出される熱と、育苗ポット、セルトレイなどの育苗容器、培土、植物苗、受け皿などから蒸発した水蒸気とを同伴し、空調装置の室内機によって温度・湿度し、調温・調湿された冷空気が1基ないし複数基の箱型育苗装置の育苗空間前面側に供給される。このように、閉鎖空間内の空気を循環させることによって、閉鎖空間内を植物体生育に最適な温度・湿度環境に保つことができる。
【0012】
上記閉鎖型構造物に内部空間に配置される箱型育苗装置は、外形が箱型の六面体であって、苗を育苗する育苗空間と育苗空間を通過した循環空気を集める空気室を備えている。育苗空間の内部には育苗棚が多段に配置され、育苗空間の前方は開放され、育苗空間と空気室との間には多孔板が配置され、空気室の背面側(開放された前方と反対側)に1基以上の空気ファンが設けられてなる。箱型育苗装置の前面には壁を設置せず解放した構造とし、育苗空間には複数の育苗棚を一定間隔で多段に配置することによって、育苗空間の利用効率を高めることができる。空気室の背面側は密閉壁を設ける必要はなく、空気ファンを設置することができる枠、または空気ファンのファンの直径大の穴を有する壁とするのが好ましい。
【0013】
箱型育苗装置の高さは、作業者が作業できる程度の高さである200cm程度とし、育苗棚の幅は、各種大きさのセルトレイ、育苗ポットまたは育苗箱などの育苗容器を配列した受け皿が載置可能とされ、各棚の温度・湿度を一定に調節できる幅、例えば100cm〜200cm程度とし、育苗棚の奥行きは50cm〜150cmとするのが好ましい。
【0014】
箱型育苗装置の育苗空間内に、複数の育苗棚をほぼ水平に配置することによって、育苗空間は上下方向に区画される。最下段の棚は、箱型育苗装置の下側壁面をそのまま棚として活用することができる。複数の育苗棚の相互の間隔は、小さくして育苗棚の数を増やすと育苗空間の利用効率を高めることができる。しかし、育苗棚相互の間隔が小さ過ぎると、複数の育苗容器を受け皿に出し入れする際の作業性に劣り、さらに、苗の最大長を確保できないなどの欠点があるので、最低30cm程度とするのが好ましい。育苗棚は、金属板、金属網、金属棒、またはこれらを組み合わせて形成するのが好ましい。
【0015】
箱型育苗装置の育苗空間と空気室との間に配置する多孔板は、育苗空間を通過する空気量を調節する整流板として機能する。多孔板は、多数の貫通孔を均一に分布させて穿孔したものとする。貫通孔の形状や大きさ、穿孔率などは、特に限定されるものではなく、直径5mm〜20mmの円形の貫通孔、一辺が4mm〜20mmの四角形の貫通孔とし、穿孔率は20%〜70%とすることができる。多孔板は、金属製板、樹脂製板、木製板などから調製するのが好ましい。
【0016】
空気室の背面壁側(外側)には、複数基の空気ファンを装備する。空気ファンは、育苗棚一段に一基(後記、図2参照)、育苗棚二段(後記、図1参照)に一基などとすることができる。空気ファンを稼働させることによって、空気室に滞留する空気を空気室の背面と閉鎖型構造物の内壁面とによって形成される空間に排出するので、空気室は減圧され、多孔板の貫通孔を通じ育苗空間からの吸気が生じる。多孔板に穿孔する貫通孔の直径、穿孔率などを選ぶことによって、育苗空間での風圧や風速を一定にすることができる。空気ファンによる空気循環の強さは、微風で十分である。
【0017】
前記閉鎖型構造物の内部空間に装備された空調装置によって冷却・除湿された空気を、空気ファンを稼働させて箱型育苗装置の育苗空間の各育苗棚の前面側より、育苗空間内に吸引し、多孔板の貫通孔を通過させて空気室に導き、箱型育苗装置の背面側に排出できる。空気ファンによって空気室からの背面に排出された空気は、閉鎖型構造物の適所に設置した空調装置によって吸込まれ、調温・調湿されて、箱型育苗装置の各育苗棚の前面側に吹出される(後記、図1および図2参照)。
【0018】
各育苗棚の上側には、苗などの植物に光を照射する人工照明装置(人工光源)を配置する(後記、図1および図2参照)。人工照明装置は、個々の育苗棚のすぐ上の育苗棚の裏面に、最上の育苗棚では箱型育苗装置の上壁の下側面に、それぞれ配置する。人工照明装置の光源としては蛍光灯が好ましく、蛍光灯の燭光、長さなどは、一個の育苗棚の幅、長さ、育苗棚相互の間隔などにより、適宜選ぶことができる。例えば、120cm幅×60cm長さの育苗棚で、育苗棚相互の間隔が35cmの場合は、長さが120cmの45Wの蛍光灯を4〜8本、育苗棚面に平行に配置すればよい。
【0019】
各育苗棚には、自動灌水装置を装備するのが好ましい。自動灌水装置としては特に制限がなく、例えば、(1)各育苗棚の上に灌水(培養液)を漏らさない受け皿を載置して、灌水パイプから受け皿の中に灌水を供給する方式、(2)各育苗容器に個別に灌水を供給する方式、などが挙げられる。上記(1)の方式の場合、受け皿の底面に樹脂製多孔質シートを敷いておくと、灌水パイプ口から供給される灌水を、受け皿の底面に素早く均一に広げることができ、好ましい。樹脂製多孔質シートとしては、化学繊維製の織物、不織布、織物と不織布とを組み合わせたものなどが挙げられる。化学繊維には特に制限がなく、ポリアミド系繊維、ポリエステル系繊維などが挙げられる。
【0020】
受け皿は、収納部に載置したセルトレイ、育苗ポット、または育苗箱などの育苗容器に灌水を供給したり、余剰の灌水を下側の育苗棚に漏らしたりしないように機能する。受け皿は、金属または合成樹脂によって調製され、平面形状が120cm×60cm前後で、深さが10mm〜40mmの寸法の浅い箱状を呈するものが好ましい。
【0021】
育苗容器としては、セルトレイ、育苗ポットまたは育苗箱などが挙げられる。セルトレイの一個の大きさは、深さが15mm〜50mmで、容量が4〜30ミリリットル程度のものが好ましい。セルは裁頭逆錐型のものがよく、錐は円錐、角錐のいずれであってもよく、セル各セルの底壁面に貫通孔が穿孔されている必要がある。底壁面は平坦でも、底壁面から下方側に突設した複数の小突起が設けられていてもよい。水分は、毛細管現象により貫通孔からセルトレイ内の培地に吸いあげられる。セルトレイは、樹脂製シートから差圧成形法によって製造し、前記したとおり、一個(一枚)に数十から数百のセル(小鉢)を格子状に配列させたものであり、最大450個のセルを有するものが好ましい。セルトレイ一個(一枚)の大きさは、幅が30cm、長さが60cm前後の寸法とするのが好ましい。
【0022】
育苗ポットとしては、直径が数センチ〜10数センチの鉢型で、合成樹脂製のものが挙げられる。育苗箱としては、一辺が十数センチの正方形または長方形の箱型で、合成樹脂製のものが挙げられる。
【0023】
本発明に係る多段式育苗装置を使用し、閉鎖型構造物の内部空間に配置した箱型育苗装置の育苗空間で苗を育成する際には、苗の生育に好適な光量、温度、湿度、炭酸ガス濃度、水分などの環境条件を、自動的に調節するのが好ましい。従って、閉鎖型構造物の内部空間の炭酸ガス濃度測定装置、炭酸ガス自動供給装置、自動灌水装置などを装備するのが好ましい。このような各種の装置を装備した本発明に係る多段式育苗装置を使用すれば、同じ棚の苗は総て同一環境下で育成することができるので、得られる苗質の均一性を高めることができる。なおここで苗質とは、苗の胚軸長、胚軸径、葉色、葉面積などの外見的特徴、花芽形成位置、抽台の有無などの質的特徴などを意味する。
【0024】
以下、本発明に係る多段式育苗装置を図面に基づいて詳細に説明するが、本発明はその趣旨を越えない限り、以下の記載例に限定されるものではない。
【0025】
図1は一基の箱型育苗装置が視認される多段式育苗装置の側面図であり、図2は二基の箱型育苗装置が視認される多段式育苗装置の側面図であり、図3はセルトレイの一例の側面図である。
【0026】
図1は一基の箱型育苗装置が視認されるが、奥の方にさらに一基以上の箱型育苗装置が配置されていてもよい。図1において、内寸法が幅1800mm、奥行き1800mm、高さ2700mmの大きさの閉鎖型構造物10には、図示されていないエアーカーテン付の出入口が設置されている。閉鎖型構造物10の内部には、外寸法が幅1300mm、奥行き650mm、高さ1850mmの一基の箱型育苗装置12が配置されている。閉鎖型構造物の天井壁面には、空調装置室内機11が取り付けられている。閉鎖型構造物10の外側には、図示されていない空調装置の安定器、培養液タンク、灌水ポンプ、炭酸ガスボンベ、操作盤、分電盤などが配置されている。
【0027】
箱型育苗装置12は、奥行き700mmの育苗空間13と奥行き300mmの空気室14とを装備し、両者の境界には多孔板15が配置されている。育苗空間13の前方は開放され、育苗空間13の内部は三つの育苗棚16によって四段に区画され、最下段の棚は、箱型育苗装置の下側壁面をそのまま棚として活用している。育苗棚16には受け皿(図示されていない)が載置され、受け皿上にはセルトレイ17が育苗棚16の幅方向に並べて載置されている。図では、育苗空間13は四段に区画された例を示したが、この例に限られるものではなく、五段または六段に区画することができるのは、前記したとおりである。
【0028】
育苗空間13の各育苗棚16に受け皿(図示されていない)を載置し、この受け皿上にはセルトレイ17が育苗棚16の幅方向に並べて載置されている。セルトレイ17の上側には植物に光を照射する人工照明装置18が配置されている。最上の育苗棚用の人工照明装置18は、箱型育苗装置の上壁の下側面に配置するのは、前記のとおりである。
【0029】
育苗空間13と空気室14との境界に配置した多孔板15は、厚さが1mmの金属板製であって、直径2mmの貫通孔を、穿孔率25%として均一に分散させて穿孔したものである。箱型育苗装置の背面には空気ファン19を設け、空気ファン19によって空気室に滞留する空気を閉鎖型構造物の壁面と箱型育苗装置の背面との間を通し、強制的に空調装置11側に導く。閉鎖型構造物の壁面と箱型育苗装置の背面との間には30cmの幅の空間を設けて、箱型育苗装置の空気室を通過した空気の循環通路としている。図1では、二段の育苗棚に対して空気ファン19を一基設けた例を示した。
【0030】
図2に二基の箱型育苗装置が視認されるが、閉鎖型構造物の大きさに応じて、奥の方にさらに二基以上の箱型育苗装置が配置してもよいことは、前記したとおりである。図2では、一段の育苗棚に対して空気ファン29を一基設けた例を示した。図2において、内寸法が幅3600mm、奥行き3600mm、高さ2700mmの大きさの閉鎖型構造物20には、図示されていないエアーカーテン付の出入口が設置されている。閉鎖型構造物20の内部には、外寸法が幅1300mm、奥行き650mm、高さ1850mm箱型育苗装置22が配置されている。閉鎖型構造物の天井壁面には、空調装置室内機21取り付けられている。閉鎖型構造物20の外側には、図示されていない空調装置の安定器、培養液タンク、灌水ポンプ、炭酸ガスボンベ、操作盤、分電盤などが配置されている。
【0031】
箱型育苗装置22は、奥行き700mmの育苗空間23と奥行き300mmの空気室24とを装備し、両者の境界には多孔板25が配置されている。育苗空間23の前方は開放され、育苗空間23の内部は三つの育苗棚26によって四段に区画され、最下段の棚は、箱型育苗装置の下側壁面をそのまま棚として活用している。育苗棚26には受け皿(図示されていない)が載置され、受け皿上にはセルトレイ27が育苗棚26の幅方向に並べて載置されている。図では、育苗空間23は四段に区画された例を示したが、この例に限られるものではなく、五段または六段に区画することができるのは、前記したとおりである。図2では、一段の育苗棚に対して空気ファン29を一基設けた例を示した。育苗空間23の各育苗棚26に載置したセルトレイ27の上側には、植物に光を照射する人工照明装置28が配置されてなり、人工照明装置の安定器(インバータ)ボックスは、図示されていないが閉鎖型構造物の外壁に取り付けられている。
【0032】
セルトレイ31は、一例を図3に部分拡大縦断面図として示したとおり、樹脂シート製の成形品であり、裁頭逆円錐型のセル(空間)32を複数個、格子状に配置されたものであり、セル32の底壁面33には、小突起34とセル穴35が設けられている。底壁面33に設けるセル穴は1個でよく、小突起34は設けなくてもよいが、図示した例ではこれが設けられている。
【0033】
図1および図2において、矢印は空気の流れる方向を示す。図1および図2では、閉鎖型構造物用の空調装置室内機11、21を閉鎖空間内部の天井壁面に取り付けた例を示したが、この場所に限定されるものでないことは前記したとおりである。室内機によって冷却・除湿した空気は、各育苗棚の背面に装備した空気ファン19、29を稼働させて、箱型育苗装置12、22の前面側より吸引し空気室14、24を経由して閉鎖型構造物の壁面と箱型育苗装置の背面との間の空間へ排出する。この空間に排出された空気は、室内機11、21によって温度・湿度を調節し、温度・湿度された冷空気が、箱型育苗装置12、22の育苗空間の解放された前面側に供給される。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上詳細に説明したとおりであり、次のような特別に有利な効果を奏し、その産業上の利用価値は極めて大である。
1.本発明に係る多段育苗装置は、育苗中の苗に人工照明装置により十分な光を与えながら、育苗空間の各育苗棚で均一にかつ効率的に除熱を行ない、温度や風速をなどの育苗条件を、容易に育苗に適した最適の条件とすることができる。
2.本発明に係る多段育苗装置は、育苗空間と空気室との境界に多孔板を配置しているので、整流板などを用いることなく各育苗棚の空気の流れを均一にし、均一な調温・調湿が可能である。
3.本発明に係る多段育苗装置は、断熱性壁面で囲まれ完全遮光性とされた大型で閉鎖型箱の内部空間に、複数の育苗棚が配置されてなる箱型育苗装置が一基または複数個配置されているので、空間利用率が極めて高い。
4.本発明に係る多段育苗装置で育苗するときは、均一で高品質の苗を自動的に、省エネルギー、省資源、低コスト方式で生産することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 一基の箱型育苗装置が視認される多段式育苗装置の側面図である。
【図2】 二基の箱型育苗装置が視認される多段式育苗装置の側面図である。
【図3】 セルトレイの一例の側面図である。
【符号の説明】
10、20:閉鎖型構造物
11、21:空調装置室内機
12、22:箱型育苗装置
13、23:育苗空間
14、24:空気室
15、25:多孔板
16、26:育苗棚
17、27、31:セルトレイ
18、28:人工照明装置
19、29:空気ファン
32:セル
33:底壁面
34:小突起
35:セル穴
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a multistage seedling raising apparatus. More specifically, it is a closed space type multi-stage shelf-type seedling raising device, equipped with an artificial light source (or artificial lighting device) and an air conditioner, realizing a stable plant raising environment that is not affected by the external environment, The present invention relates to a multistage seedling raising apparatus capable of automatically producing high-quality cell-molded seedlings at low energy and low cost under uniform growth conditions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a seedling raising method for raising seedlings of various plants, there are seedling raising methods represented by plant factories. This seedling raising method artificially adjusts the amount of light, temperature, humidity, wind speed, irrigation amount, etc. in the seedling space artificially with a seedling device equipped with an artificial light source, an air conditioner and an automatic irrigation device. This is a method for growing seedlings stably, labor-saving and at low cost. What is important in the seedling device used in this kind of seedling method is to adjust the influence of heat generated by the artificial light source (or artificial lighting device) to the minimum.
[0003]
An artificial environment device described in Japanese Patent No. 3026253 has been proposed as a seedling raising device that improves the influence of heat generated by an artificial light source. In the artificial environment device proposed here, an air-conditioning chamber having both left and right ends is provided, a suction chamber is provided at one end, a blow-out chamber is provided at the other end, and an air-conditioning device and a ventilation device are connected to the ventilation path connected to each other. An air whose temperature and humidity are adjusted is supplied to a seedling growing device provided and disposed between the suction chamber and the blowout chamber.
[0004]
However, this artificial environment device has been found to have the following disadvantages through experiments. First, when growing a seedling that is vigorously grown in a short period of time, a large amount of light from the artificial light source is required, but at the same time, the amount of heat generated by the artificial light source also increases. When many multistage seedling racks are arranged in the artificial environment device, the ventilation distance passing through the space where the multistage seedling racks are arranged becomes long. When the amount of heat generated by the artificial light source is large, a temperature difference is likely to occur due to the difference in the heat removal effect between the first point where the ventilation is applied and the last point where the ventilation is applied, which may cause seedling growth unevenness and growth failure. . In addition, it is necessary to provide equipment such as ventilation channels, blowout chambers, suction chambers, rectifying chambers, etc. outside the air conditioning room where the multistage seedling racks are installed, and the entire device is complex and uses the area of the seedling space There is a drawback of low efficiency.
[0005]
As an improvement of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the artificial environment device described in Japanese Patent No. 3026253, the applicant of the present invention previously arranged a plurality of seedling racks in a seedling space for raising seedlings, A multi-stage seedling raising apparatus in which an artificial light source is installed, the front of the nursery space is opened, the rear is closed by a wall surface provided with a number of holes, and an air fan is installed in each of the holes has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application 2001-2001). 99162). However, as a result of further examination after that, it has been found that there are disadvantages that the cost for installing a large number of air fans, the maintenance cost of the apparatus, and the like increase.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of such a situation, the present inventor uniformly and efficiently removes heat in a seedling space while sufficiently irradiating light with an artificial light source (artificial lighting device) in a multistage seedling raising device. The present invention has been completed as a result of intensive studies to provide a seedling technology that can automatically produce a whistle in an energy-saving, resource-saving, and low-cost manner.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, one or a plurality of box-shaped seedling raising devices are arranged in the internal space of a large, closed structure surrounded by a heat insulating wall and made completely light-shielding. In the type seedling raising device, an air conditioner is installed in a suitable place in the internal space of the closed type structure, the box type seedling raising device is provided with a raising seedling space and an air chamber, the raising seedling space has its front opened, and In this nursery space, seedling shelves on which a plurality of seedling containers containing medium for growing plants are placed are placed in multiple stages, and light is emitted to the plants above the seedling containers placed on each seedling shelf. An artificial lighting device for irradiating the air is disposed, a perforated plate is disposed at the boundary between the nursery space and the air chamber, and a plurality of air fans are provided on the back side of the air chamber. A multi-stage seedling raising device is provided.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The multi-stage seedling raising apparatus according to the present invention is a closed type in which one or a plurality of box-type seedling raising devices are arranged in the internal space of a large closed type structure surrounded by a heat insulating wall and made completely light-shielding. It is a seedling raising device. In the present invention, the closed-type seedling raising device refers to a structure having an inner space that is enclosed by a wall surface that blocks outside air temperature and natural light. A typical structure includes a box-shaped hexahedron in which a reinforcing bar, a slate plate, and a heat insulating material are combined. The outer shape of the structure is not particularly limited, and the outer shape may be a saddle shape, a semi-cylindrical shape, a hemispherical shape, or the like.
[0009]
The size of the internal space of the closed structure is such that one or a plurality of box-type seedling devices can be arranged in the internal space, and one or more workers can work on the front of the box-type seedling device. A working space shall be provided. In order to increase the area utilization factor and the space utilization factor of the internal space of the closed structure, the work space is preferably as small as possible and narrowed. When placing the box-type seedling device inside the closed-type structure, a space with a width of about 5 to 30 cm is provided between the wall surface of the closed-type structure and the back of the box-type seedling device. A circulation path for the air that has passed through the air chamber of the seedling raising device.
[0010]
The closed structure must be equipped with an air conditioner. The air conditioner needs to have a function of adjusting the temperature and humidity of the air in the internal space of the closed structure and circulating the adjusted and humidified air in the closed structure. The indoor unit of the air conditioner is installed at a suitable place inside the enclosed space. Here, the appropriate place is a place where the indoor unit can be attached, for example, a ceiling wall surface, a side wall surface, a floor surface, etc. in the closed space. The outdoor unit is preferably installed outside the closed structure. When the internal space of the closed structure is small, the air conditioner can control the temperature and humidity of the entire closed space with a single device, but the internal space of the closed structure When it is larger, the number is preferably set to correspond to a plurality of box-type seedling raising devices.
[0011]
When the circulating air circulated by the air conditioner passes through the box-type seedling device, the heat released mainly from the artificial lighting device (artificial light source), the seedling container such as the seedling pot and cell tray, culture soil, plant seedling, saucer Accompanied by water vapor evaporated from the air, etc., the temperature and humidity are adjusted by the indoor unit of the air conditioner, and the conditioned and humidity-controlled cold air is supplied to the front side of the seedling space of one or more box-type seedling raising devices . Thus, by circulating the air in the closed space, it is possible to maintain the temperature and humidity environment optimal for plant growth in the closed space.
[0012]
The box-type seedling raising device disposed in the internal space of the closed structure has a box-shaped hexahedron, and includes a nursery space for raising seedlings and an air chamber for collecting circulating air that has passed through the seedling space. . Inside the nursery space, seedling shelves are arranged in multiple stages, the front of the nursery space is opened, a perforated plate is placed between the nursery space and the air chamber, the back side of the air chamber (opposite of the opened front) One or more air fans are provided on the side). By using a structure in which a wall is not installed on the front surface of the box-type seedling raising apparatus and the seedling space is opened, a plurality of seedling shelves are arranged in multiple stages at regular intervals, so that the use efficiency of the seedling raising space can be improved. It is not necessary to provide a sealing wall on the back side of the air chamber, and it is preferable to use a frame in which an air fan can be installed or a wall having a hole with a large diameter of the fan of the air fan.
[0013]
The height of the box-type seedling device is about 200 cm, which is high enough for workers to work, and the width of the seedling rack is a receiving tray in which seedling containers such as cell trays, seedling pots or seedling boxes of various sizes are arranged. It is preferable that the temperature and humidity of each shelf can be adjusted to be constant, for example, about 100 cm to 200 cm, and the depth of the nursery shelf is 50 cm to 150 cm.
[0014]
By arranging a plurality of seedling shelves almost horizontally in the seedling space of the box-type seedling device, the seedling space is partitioned in the vertical direction. The lowermost shelf can use the lower wall surface of the box-type seedling device as a shelf as it is. If the interval between the plurality of seedling racks is reduced and the number of seedling racks is increased, the utilization efficiency of the nursery space can be increased. However, if the spacing between the seedling shelves is too small, the workability when putting in and out a plurality of seedling containers is inferior, and further, there is a disadvantage that the maximum length of the seedling cannot be secured. Is preferred. The nursery rack is preferably formed of a metal plate, a metal net, a metal bar, or a combination thereof.
[0015]
The perforated plate disposed between the seedling raising space and the air chamber of the box-type seedling raising device functions as a rectifying plate for adjusting the amount of air passing through the seedling raising space. The perforated plate has a large number of through holes that are uniformly distributed. The shape and size of the through hole, the perforation rate, etc. are not particularly limited, and the through hole is a circular through hole with a diameter of 5 mm to 20 mm, a square through hole with a side of 4 mm to 20 mm, and the perforation rate is 20% to 70%. %. The perforated plate is preferably prepared from a metal plate, a resin plate, a wooden plate or the like.
[0016]
A plurality of air fans are installed on the back wall side (outside) of the air chamber. One air fan can be provided in one stage of the nursery rack (see below, FIG. 2), and one fan can be provided in two stages of the seedling rack (see later, see FIG. 1). By operating the air fan, the air staying in the air chamber is discharged to the space formed by the back surface of the air chamber and the inner wall surface of the closed structure, so that the air chamber is depressurized and passed through the through hole of the perforated plate. Inhalation from the nursery space occurs. By selecting the diameter of the through-hole drilled in the perforated plate, the drilling rate, etc., the wind pressure and wind speed in the nursery space can be made constant. The strength of the air circulation by the air fan is sufficient with a light wind.
[0017]
Air cooled and dehumidified by the air conditioner installed in the internal space of the closed structure is sucked into the seedling space from the front side of each seedling shelf in the seedling space of the box-type seedling device by operating the air fan. Then, it can be passed through the through hole of the perforated plate and led to the air chamber and discharged to the back side of the box-type seedling raising device. The air exhausted from the air chamber to the back by the air fan is sucked in by the air conditioner installed at the appropriate location of the closed structure, temperature-controlled and humidity-controlled, and placed on the front side of each seedling shelf of the box-type seedling device It is blown out (see below, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).
[0018]
An artificial lighting device (artificial light source) for irradiating light to plants such as seedlings is disposed on the upper side of each nursery shelf (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 below). The artificial lighting device is arranged on the rear surface of the nursery shelf immediately above each individual nursery shelf, and on the lower surface of the upper wall of the box-type nursery device in the uppermost nursery shelf. As the light source of the artificial lighting device, a fluorescent lamp is preferable, and the candle light and length of the fluorescent lamp can be appropriately selected depending on the width and length of a single seedling shelf, the spacing between seedling racks, and the like. For example, in the case of a seedling shelf having a length of 120 cm and a length of 60 cm and the spacing between the seedling shelves is 35 cm, 4 to 8 fluorescent lamps of 120 cm in length and 45 W may be arranged in parallel with the seedling shelf surface.
[0019]
Each nursery shelf is preferably equipped with an automatic irrigation device. There are no particular restrictions on the automatic irrigation device. For example, (1) a method of placing a saucer that does not leak irrigation (culture solution) on each seedling shelf and supplying irrigation from the irrigation pipe into the saucer ( 2) A method of supplying irrigation to each seedling container individually. In the case of the above method (1), it is preferable to lay a resin porous sheet on the bottom surface of the tray so that the irrigation supplied from the irrigation pipe opening can be spread quickly and uniformly on the bottom surface of the tray. Examples of the resin porous sheet include chemical fiber woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, and combinations of woven fabrics and nonwoven fabrics. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in a chemical fiber, A polyamide-type fiber, a polyester-type fiber, etc. are mentioned.
[0020]
The saucer functions so as not to supply irrigation to a seedling container such as a cell tray, a seedling pot, or a seedling box placed in the storage unit or to leak excess irrigation to the lower seedling rack. The saucer is preferably made of a metal or a synthetic resin and has a shallow box shape with a planar shape of around 120 cm × 60 cm and a depth of 10 mm to 40 mm.
[0021]
Examples of the seedling raising container include a cell tray, a seedling pot or a seedling box. One cell tray preferably has a depth of 15 mm to 50 mm and a capacity of about 4 to 30 ml. The cell is preferably of a truncated inverted cone type, and the cone may be either a cone or a pyramid, and a through-hole needs to be drilled in the bottom wall surface of each cell. The bottom wall surface may be flat, or a plurality of small protrusions protruding downward from the bottom wall surface may be provided. Moisture is sucked into the medium in the cell tray from the through hole by capillary action. The cell tray is manufactured from a resin sheet by a differential pressure molding method, and as described above, tens to hundreds of cells (small bowls) are arranged in a lattice pattern on one (one sheet), and a maximum of 450 Those having cells are preferred. The size of one cell tray (one sheet) is preferably about 30 cm in width and about 60 cm in length.
[0022]
As the seedling pot, a pot shape having a diameter of several centimeters to several tens of centimeters and made of a synthetic resin can be used. Examples of the nursery box include a box made of a square or a rectangle having a side of several tens of centimeters and made of a synthetic resin.
[0023]
When using a multistage seedling raising apparatus according to the present invention to grow seedlings in a seedling raising space of a box-type seedling raising apparatus arranged in an internal space of a closed structure, the light quantity, temperature, humidity suitable for seedling growth, It is preferable to automatically adjust environmental conditions such as carbon dioxide concentration and moisture. Therefore, it is preferable to equip the carbon dioxide concentration measuring device, the carbon dioxide automatic supply device, the automatic irrigation device, etc. in the internal space of the closed structure. If the multistage seedling raising apparatus according to the present invention equipped with such various devices is used, all the seedlings on the same shelf can be grown under the same environment, so that the uniformity of the obtained seedling quality is improved. Can do. Here, the seedling quality means appearance characteristics such as a hypocotyl length, a hypocotyl diameter, a leaf color, and a leaf area of a seedling, a qualitative characteristic such as a flower bud formation position and the presence or absence of a drawing stand.
[0024]
Hereinafter, the multistage seedling raising apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description examples unless it exceeds the gist.
[0025]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a multistage seedling raising apparatus in which one box-type seedling raising apparatus is visually recognized, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the multistage seedling raising apparatus in which two box-type seedling raising apparatuses are visually recognized. FIG. 4 is a side view of an example of a cell tray.
[0026]
In FIG. 1, one box-type seedling raising device is visually recognized, but one or more box-type seedling raising devices may be further arranged in the back. In FIG. 1, a closed structure 10 having inner dimensions of a width of 1800 mm, a depth of 1800 mm, and a height of 2700 mm is provided with an inlet / outlet with an air curtain (not shown). Inside the closed structure 10, a box-type seedling raising device 12 having an outer dimension of 1300 mm in width, 650 mm in depth, and 1850 mm in height is arranged. An air conditioner indoor unit 11 is attached to the ceiling wall surface of the closed structure. Outside the closed structure 10, an air conditioner stabilizer, a culture solution tank, an irrigation pump, a carbon dioxide cylinder, an operation panel, a distribution board, and the like (not shown) are arranged.
[0027]
The box-type seedling raising device 12 is equipped with a seedling raising space 13 having a depth of 700 mm and an air chamber 14 having a depth of 300 mm, and a perforated plate 15 is disposed at the boundary between them. The front of the seedling space 13 is opened, the inside of the seedling space 13 is divided into four stages by three seedling racks 16, and the lowermost shelf uses the lower wall surface of the box-type seedling device as a shelf as it is. A tray (not shown) is placed on the seedling rack 16, and a cell tray 17 is placed side by side in the width direction of the seedling rack 16 on the tray. In the figure, an example in which the nursery space 13 is divided into four stages is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this example, and can be divided into five stages or six stages as described above.
[0028]
A tray (not shown) is placed on each seedling shelf 16 in the seedling space 13, and a cell tray 17 is placed side by side in the width direction of the seedling shelf 16 on this tray. On the upper side of the cell tray 17, an artificial lighting device 18 for irradiating the plant with light is disposed. As described above, the artificial lighting device 18 for the uppermost nursery shelf is arranged on the lower surface of the upper wall of the box-type seedling raising device.
[0029]
The perforated plate 15 arranged at the boundary between the seedling raising space 13 and the air chamber 14 is made of a metal plate having a thickness of 1 mm and perforated by uniformly dispersing through holes having a diameter of 2 mm with a perforation rate of 25%. It is. An air fan 19 is provided on the back of the box-type seedling device, and air staying in the air chamber is passed by the air fan 19 between the wall surface of the closed structure and the back of the box-type seedling device, forcing the air conditioner 11. Lead to the side. A space having a width of 30 cm is provided between the wall surface of the closed structure and the back surface of the box-type seedling device, and serves as a circulation path for air passing through the air chamber of the box-type seedling device. FIG. 1 shows an example in which one air fan 19 is provided for a two-stage seedling rack.
[0030]
Although two box-type seedling raising devices are visually recognized in FIG. 2, depending on the size of the closed structure, two or more box-type seedling raising devices may be further arranged at the back. Just as you did. In FIG. 2, the example which provided one air fan 29 with respect to the raising seedling shelf of one step was shown. In FIG. 2, the closed structure 20 having internal dimensions of a width of 3600 mm, a depth of 3600 mm, and a height of 2700 mm is provided with an inlet / outlet with an air curtain (not shown). Inside the closed structure 20, a box-type seedling raising device 22 having an outer dimension of 1300 mm in width, 650 mm in depth, and 1850 mm in height is arranged. An air conditioner indoor unit 21 is attached to the ceiling wall of the closed structure. Outside the closed structure 20, an air conditioner ballast, a culture solution tank, an irrigation pump, a carbon dioxide cylinder, an operation panel, a distribution board, and the like (not shown) are arranged.
[0031]
The box-type seedling raising apparatus 22 is equipped with a seedling raising space 23 having a depth of 700 mm and an air chamber 24 having a depth of 300 mm, and a perforated plate 25 is arranged at the boundary between them. The front of the seedling space 23 is opened, the inside of the seedling space 23 is divided into four stages by three seedling racks 26, and the lowermost shelf uses the lower wall surface of the box-type seedling device as a shelf as it is. A tray (not shown) is placed on the seedling rack 26, and a cell tray 27 is placed side by side in the width direction of the seedling rack 26 on the tray. In the figure, an example in which the nursery space 23 is divided into four stages is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and can be divided into five stages or six stages as described above. In FIG. 2, the example which provided one air fan 29 with respect to the raising seedling shelf of one step was shown. On the upper side of the cell tray 27 placed on each seedling shelf 26 in the seedling raising space 23, an artificial lighting device 28 for irradiating the plant with light is arranged, and a ballast (inverter) box of the artificial lighting device is illustrated. Not attached to the outer wall of the closed structure.
[0032]
The cell tray 31 is a molded product made of a resin sheet, as shown in FIG. 3 as a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view, and has a plurality of truncated conical cells (spaces) 32 arranged in a lattice shape. A small protrusion 34 and a cell hole 35 are provided on the bottom wall surface 33 of the cell 32. The number of cell holes provided in the bottom wall surface 33 may be one, and the small protrusion 34 may not be provided, but this is provided in the illustrated example.
[0033]
In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the arrows indicate the direction of air flow. In FIGS. 1 and 2, an example in which the air conditioner indoor units 11 and 21 for the closed structure are attached to the ceiling wall surface inside the closed space is shown, but it is not limited to this place as described above. is there. The air cooled and dehumidified by the indoor unit is sucked in from the front side of the box-type seedling raising devices 12 and 22 by operating the air fans 19 and 29 equipped on the rear side of each seedling shelf and passes through the air chambers 14 and 24. It discharges to the space between the wall of the closed structure and the back of the box-type seedling raising device. The temperature and humidity of the air exhausted into this space are adjusted by the indoor units 11 and 21, and the cooled and cooled air is supplied to the opened front side of the seedling space of the box-type seedling raising devices 12 and 22. The
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is as described in detail above, and has the following particularly advantageous effects, and its industrial utility value is extremely large.
1. The multistage seedling raising apparatus according to the present invention removes heat uniformly and efficiently at each seedling shelf in the nursery space while giving sufficient light to the seedlings being raised by an artificial lighting device, raising the temperature and wind speed, etc. Conditions can be easily set to optimum conditions suitable for raising seedlings.
2. The multistage seedling raising apparatus according to the present invention has a perforated plate arranged at the boundary between the nursery space and the air chamber, so that the air flow in each seedling shelf is made uniform without using a rectifying plate, etc. Humidity control is possible.
3. The multistage seedling raising apparatus according to the present invention has one or a plurality of box-type seedling raising apparatuses in which a plurality of seedling shelves are arranged in the internal space of a large, closed box surrounded by a heat insulating wall and made completely light-shielding. Since it is arranged, the space utilization rate is extremely high.
4). When raising seedlings with the multistage seedling raising apparatus according to the present invention, uniform and high-quality seedlings can be automatically produced in an energy-saving, resource-saving, and low-cost manner.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a multi-stage seedling raising device in which a single box-type seedling raising device is visually recognized.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a multi-stage seedling raising device in which two box-type seedling raising devices are visually recognized.
FIG. 3 is a side view of an example of a cell tray.
[Explanation of symbols]
10, 20: Closed structure 11, 21: Air conditioner indoor unit 12, 22: Box-type seedling device 13, 23: Nursery space 14, 24: Air chamber 15, 25: Perforated plate 16, 26: Nursery rack 17, 27, 31: Cell tray 18, 28: Artificial lighting device 19, 29: Air fan 32: Cell 33: Bottom wall surface 34: Small protrusion 35: Cell hole

Claims (2)

断熱性壁面で囲まれ完全遮光性とされた大型で閉鎖型構造物の内部空間に、箱型育苗装置が1基ないし複数基配置されてなる多段式育苗装置において、閉鎖型構造物の内部空間の適所に空調装置が装備されてなり、箱型育苗装置は育苗空間と空気室とを備えてなり、育苗空間はその前方が開放され、かつ、この育苗空間には植物を生育する培地を入れた複数個の育苗容器を配置した受け皿を載置する育苗棚が多段に配置され、各育苗棚に載置した育苗容器の上側には植物に光を照射する人工照明装置が配置されてなり、育苗空間と空気室との境界には多孔板が配置されてなり、空気室の背面側には複数基の空気ファンが設けられてなることを特徴とする多段式育苗装置。In a multistage seedling raising apparatus in which one or a plurality of box-type seedling raising devices are arranged in an inner space of a large, closed type structure surrounded by a heat insulating wall and made completely light-shielding, the inner space of the closed type structure The box-type seedling device is equipped with a seedling space and an air chamber, the front of the seedling space is open, and a medium for growing plants is placed in this seedling space. A plurality of seedling shelves for placing a saucer on which a plurality of seedling containers are placed are arranged in multiple stages, and an artificial lighting device that irradiates light to plants is arranged above the seedling containers placed on each seedling shelf, A multistage seedling raising device, wherein a perforated plate is arranged at the boundary between the seedling raising space and the air chamber, and a plurality of air fans are provided on the back side of the air chamber. 育苗容器が、セルトレイ、育苗ポットまたは育苗箱である、請求項1に記載の多段式育苗装置。The multistage seedling raising apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising container is a cell tray, a seedling pot or a seedling box.
JP2001245150A 2001-08-13 2001-08-13 Multistage seedling raising equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3771152B2 (en)

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