JP3734293B2 - Resistor plug - Google Patents

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JP3734293B2
JP3734293B2 JP19719495A JP19719495A JP3734293B2 JP 3734293 B2 JP3734293 B2 JP 3734293B2 JP 19719495 A JP19719495 A JP 19719495A JP 19719495 A JP19719495 A JP 19719495A JP 3734293 B2 JP3734293 B2 JP 3734293B2
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resistor
plug
oxide
insulator
titanium oxide
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JPH0945458A (en
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稔貴 本田
穣 田中
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、ガソリンエンジン等の内燃機関に取り付けられ、電波雑音の発生を防止するための抵抗体組成物を絶縁碍子の軸孔内に端子電極と共に熱間加圧により加熱封着してなる抵抗体を備えた抵抗入りプラグに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、内燃機関の高出力化に伴い火花放電エネルギーも高くなり、従来の抵抗体組成物では、使用中に抵抗体を流れる火花放電の電流エネルギーにより抵抗体組成物の成分中に含まれるカーボンブラックが酸化(焼損)し、電気抵抗値が増加する不具合が生じている。そこで、従来より、負荷寿命安定材としての酸化チタニウムを抵抗体組成物中に多量に添加することにより負荷寿命特性を改善した抵抗入りプラグ(例えば特公平4−561号公報、特公平5−52641号公報等)が提案されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、従来の抵抗入りプラグにおいては、酸化チタニウムが半導性物質であるため、抵抗体の常温時における電気抵抗値に対する熱間加圧時(または高温の燃焼ガスに晒された時)における電気抵抗値の変化率が非常に大きく、抵抗体の本来の電波雑音防止特性を悪化させてしまうという問題が生じている。
【0004】
この発明の目的は、常温時と熱間加圧時との抵抗体の電気抵抗値の変化率を減少させることにより電波雑音防止特性の悪化を防止することが可能な抵抗入りプラグを提供することにある。また、近年の内燃機関の高出力化に伴う火花放電エネルギーの増大に対して十分な負荷寿命安定特性を得ることが可能な抵抗入りプラグを提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は、軸方向の軸孔を有する絶縁碍子と、この絶縁碍子の先端側の軸孔内に挿入された中心電極と、前記絶縁碍子の後端側の軸孔内に挿入された端子電極と、前記中心電極と前記端子電極との間に充填された抵抗体組成物を熱間加圧することにより前記絶縁碍子の軸孔内に封着された抵抗体とを備えた抵抗入りプラグであって、前記抵抗体組成物は、その抵抗体組成物中において2重量%以上60重量%以下の酸化チタニウム粉末を含有し、その酸化チタニウム粉末の表面は、絶縁性酸化物被膜に覆われた技術手段を採用した。
【0006】
前記絶縁性酸化物被膜として、酸化アルミニウム、酸化シリコン、酸化ジルコニウム、アルカリ土類酸化物または希土類酸化物の1種類以上の電気絶縁性の酸化物を使用しても良い。また、前記絶縁性酸化物被膜の膜厚を、前記酸化チタニウム粉末の粒子径の0.01倍以上0.2倍以下にしても良い。
【0007】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、半導性物質である酸化チタニウム粉末の表面を絶縁性酸化物被膜により被覆することによって、常温時と熱間加圧時との抵抗体の電気抵抗値の変化率が増大する半導性を抑えることにより、電波雑音防止特性の悪化を抑えることができる。また、抵抗体組成物において2重量%以上60重量%以下の酸化チタニウム粉末を含有することにより、近年の内燃機関の高出力化に伴う火花放電エネルギーの増大に対して十分な負荷寿命安定特性を得ることができる。
【0008】
【実施例】
〔実施例の構成〕
図1は内燃機関用抵抗入りプラグを示した図である。この内燃機関用抵抗入りプラグ1は、電波雑音防止性能に優れた抵抗体入りスパークプラグで、レジスタプラグと呼ばれるスパークプラグである。内燃機関用抵抗入りプラグ1は、筒状の主体金具2、この主体金具2に保持された筒状の絶縁碍子3、主体金具2の先端面に接合された接地電極4、この接地電極4の放電端面との間に火花放電ギャップを形成する中心電極5、点火装置の点火コイル(図示せず)に電気的に接続された端子電極6、絶縁碍子3内に充填された導電性ガラスシール材7、8、およびこれらの導電性ガラスシール材7、8間に封着されたモノリシック型抵抗体(以下抵抗体と略す)9等から構成されている。
【0009】
主体金具2は、内燃機関用抵抗入りプラグ1のハウジングを構成し、絶縁碍子3の支持およびガソリンエンジン等の内燃機関への取り付けの役目をする。この主体金具2の上端側の外周にはレンチ等の工具をかけるための六角部11が形成され、下端側の外周には、内燃機関のシリンダヘッドに捩じ込むための取付用ねじ部12が形成されている。
【0010】
絶縁碍子3は、酸化アルミニウム(アルミナ)または窒化アルミニウムを主成分とするセラミックス焼結体で、主体金具2と中心電極5および端子電極6とを電気的に絶縁する絶縁体である。この絶縁碍子3の内部には、先端面および後端面で開口している軸方向の軸孔13が形成されている。そして、絶縁碍子3のうち内燃機関の燃焼室内に突出される脚長部14の軸孔13内に中心電極5が嵌め込まれている。また、絶縁碍子3のうち主体金具2より外側に突出するコルゲーション部15の軸孔13内に端子電極6が嵌め込まれている。
【0011】
接地電極4および中心電極5は、内燃機関の使用中に高温の燃焼ガスに晒されるためにニッケル・クロム・鉄合金やニッケル・マンガン・シリコン・クロム合金等の耐熱性金属が使用されている。接地電極4は、アース側(正極側)となる主体金具2の先端面に抵抗溶接等の接合手段を用いて接合されている。中心電極5は、軸孔13よりも突出した状態で軸孔13内に嵌め込まれて絶縁碍子3に保持されている。
【0012】
端子電極6は、例えば軟鋼よりなり、軸孔13よりも外側に突出した端子部16を一体成形している。その先端の外周には、導電性ガラスシール材8との接合強度を高めるための雄ねじ部17が形成されている。なお、端子電極6と端子部16とを別体で構成しても良い。
【0013】
導電性ガラスシール材7、8は、抵抗体9と共に軸孔13内に充填されて軸孔13内に加熱封着され、絶縁碍子3と中心電極5および端子電極6との接合、および中心電極5と端子電極6との電気的な接合を同時に行うものである。導電性ガラスシール材7、8は、そのガラスシール組成物中において例えばホウ珪酸・リチウム・バリウムガラス等のガラス粉末を50重量%と、銅等の金属粉末を40重量%〜47重量%と、PEG(ポリエチレングリコール)系、PED(ポリエチレンオキシド)系、デキストリン系等の1種の有機バインダーを3重量%〜10重量%とから構成されている。
【0014】
抵抗体9は、導電性ガラスシール材7、8と共に軸孔13内に充填されて軸孔13内に加熱封着され、電波雑音を防止するものである。この抵抗体9は、その抵抗体組成物中において例えばホウ珪酸・リチウム・バリウムガラス等のガラス粉末を10重量%〜80重量%と、負荷寿命安定材としての酸化チタニウム(TiO2 )粉末を2重量%〜60重量%と、抵抗体粉末としてのカーボンブラックを0.1重量%〜20重量%と、PEG(ポリエチレングリコール)系、PED(ポリエチレンオキシド)系、デキストリン系等の1種の有機バインダーを0.05重量%〜5重量%とから構成されている。なお、抵抗体粉末として、酸化チタニウム粉末およびカーボンブラックに、アルミニウムを0.2重量%、あるいは酸化ジルコニウム(ジルコニア:ZrO2 )を0〜20重量%含有させても良い。
【0015】
そして、酸化チタニウム粉末は、粒径が0.1μm〜2μmで、その表面を絶縁性酸化物被膜にて覆っている。絶縁性酸化物被膜としては、酸化アルミニウム(アルミナ:Al2 3 )、酸化シリコン(シリカ:SiO2 )、酸化ジルコニウム(ジルコニア:ZrO2 )、アルカリ土類酸化物または希土類酸化物の1種類、あるいはこれらより選ばれた2種類以上の電気絶縁性の酸化物(例えばSiO2 +Al2 3 )を用いる。なお、絶縁性酸化物被膜の膜厚は、酸化チタニウム粉末の粒径の0.01倍〜0.2倍が望ましく、この実施例では1×10-3μm〜0.4μmの膜厚となる。
【0016】
そして、アルカリ土類酸化物(元素の周期表のIIa族)としては、酸化マグネシウム(マグネシャ:MgO)、酸化カルシウム(CaO)、酸化ストロンチウム(SrO)、酸化バリウム(BaO)等を用いることができる。
また、希土類酸化物(元素の周期表のIIIa族)としては、酸化イットリウム(Y2 3 )、酸化ランタン(La2 3 )等を用いることができる。
【0017】
〔実施例と比較例の比較結果〕
次に、抵抗体組成物成分中の重量%において、負荷寿命安定材としての酸化チタニウム(TiO2 )粉末の重量%を種々変化させたり、酸化チタニウム粉末の表面を被覆する絶縁性酸化物被膜を種々変化させたりすることにより、負荷寿命特性、電波雑音防止特性および加熱特性がどのように変化するかについて調査した複数の実験について説明する。
【0018】
1)抵抗素材の調整
後記する表1の実施例1〜実施例5、および比較例1〜比較例7の抵抗体原料粉末は、10重量%〜80重量%のホウ珪酸・リチウム・バリウムガラス粉末と、1.5重量%〜65重量%の酸化チタニウム粉末と、0.1重量%〜20重量%のカーボンブラックとを混合し、0.05重量%〜5重量%のデキストリン系の有機バインダーと水を適量加えて造粒乾燥し、抵抗素材(抵抗体原料粉末)を得た。
【0019】
2)絶縁性酸化物被膜の形成方法
なお、実施例1〜実施例5、比較例1および比較例2の酸化チタニウム粉末の表面は、表1に示した絶縁性酸化物被膜で被覆した。この絶縁性酸化物被膜の形成方法は、酸化チタニウム素材に水と分散剤を加えてスラリー化した後に、所定量のAl、Si、Zr等の塩類水溶液を加え、これを中和するアルカリ性物質または酸性物質を加えて生成する含水酸化物で、酸化チタニウム粒子の表面を被覆する。最後にスラリーPHを調節して濾過し純水により洗浄した後にスプレードライヤー(噴霧乾燥機)などで乾燥させて、酸化チタニウム粒子の表面に絶縁性酸化物被膜が形成される。なお、絶縁性酸化物被膜は、酸化チタニウム粉末の粒径が1μmであるため、膜厚を0.1μmとした。
【0020】
3)抵抗体の封着方法
アルミナ製絶縁碍子3の軸孔13内の脚長部14側に中心電極5を挿入し、その上に導電性ガラスシール材7を100mg、上記のように調整した抵抗素材を400mg、導電性ガラスシール材8を200mgを軸孔13内に順次充填し、次に端子電極6を軸孔13内に挿入した。次に、この絶縁碍子3全体を高温(例えば900℃)に加熱し、端子電極6に圧力(例えば40kgf)を加え、軸孔13内に充填した抵抗素材および導電性ガラスシール材7、8を熱間加圧により加熱封着して、導電性ガラスシール材7、8間にモノリシック型抵抗体9を得た。そして、この絶縁碍子3の外周に、接地電極4を固定した主体金具2を固定し、電波雑音抑制上必要とされる0.5kΩ〜20kΩ(望ましくは3kΩ〜20kΩ)の範囲(常温時、例えば20℃)内の電気抵抗値を持つ内燃機関用抵抗入りプラグ1を得た。
【0021】
4)負荷寿命特性について
試験装置:自動車用トランジスタ点火装置、
1次コイル側蓄積エネルギー:100mJ、
放電電圧:30kV、
放電回数:3600回/分。
【0022】
以上の条件で100時間後の抵抗体9の電気抵抗値の変化率を測定し、その測定結果を表1に示した。なお、表1において◎印は電気抵抗値の変化率が±20%以下、○印は電気抵抗値の変化率が±21%以上±30%以下、×印は規制値外の±31%以上を示す。
【0023】
この表1からも確認できるように、抵抗体組成物(抵抗素材)の成分中の重量%において酸化チタニウム粉末が2.0重量%より小さくなると、急激に負荷寿命特性が悪化する傾向にあることが分かる。また、酸化チタニウム粉末が60重量%より大きくなると、急激に負荷寿命特性が悪化する傾向にあることが分かる。そして、酸化チタニウム粉末の重量%が2.0重量%から60重量%までの範囲では、30重量%が最も良好となる傾向にあることが分かる。
【0024】
5)電波雑音防止特性について
4サイクル360ccエンジンを用い、C,I,S,P,R(国際無線障害特別委員会)測定法に準じて、120MHzで測定し、その測定結果を表1に示した。なお、表1において○印は電波雑音レベルが35dB以下の規制値内のもの、×印は電波雑音レベルが36dB以上の規制値外のものを示す。
【0025】
この表1からも確認できるように、抵抗体組成物(抵抗素材)の成分中において酸化チタニウム粉末が60重量%より大きくなると、急激に電波雑音防止特性が悪化する傾向にあることが分かる。
【0026】
6)加熱特性について
抵抗素材を150℃の空気中に2時間放置した後の熱間(150℃)における電気抵抗値と試験前の常温(例えば20℃)時の電気抵抗値(例えば5kΩ)との間の電気抵抗値の変化率を測定し、その測定結果を表1に示した。なお、表1において◎印は電気抵抗値の変化率が−25%以下、○印は電気抵抗値の変化率が−26%以上−40%以下、×印は規制値外の−41%以上を示す。
【0027】
この表1からも確認できるように、酸化チタニウム粉末の表面に絶縁性酸化物被膜を形成しておらず、酸化チタニウム粉末の重量%が2重量%よりも大きい比較例4〜比較例7が急激に加熱特性が悪化する傾向にあることが分かる。そして、実施例1〜実施例5の中では、酸化チタニウム粉末の重量%が30重量%で、且つ絶縁性酸化物被膜がアルミナである実施例2が最も良好となる傾向にあることが分かる。
【表1】

Figure 0003734293
【0028】
〔実施例の効果〕
以上のように、内燃機関用抵抗入りプラグ1は、半導性物質である酸化チタニウム粉末の表面にアルミナ等の絶縁性酸化物被膜を形成することによって、抵抗体9の常温時(例えば20℃)における電気抵抗値(例えば0.5kΩ〜20kΩ)に対する熱間加圧時(例えば850℃〜950℃)または高温の燃焼ガスに晒された時(例えばプラグ先端温度が900℃)の電気抵抗値の変化率を減少させることができる。したがって、加熱特性の電気抵抗値の変化率を減少させることができるので、抵抗体9の電波雑音防止性能の低下を抑制することができる。
【0029】
また、抵抗体9は、抵抗体組成物重量%において2重量%以上60重量%以下の酸化チタニウム粉末を含有することにより、十分な電波雑音防止性能を保持しながらも、近年の内燃機関の高出力化に伴う火花放電エネルギーの増大に対して十分な負荷寿命安定特性を得ることができる。
【0030】
〔変形例〕
この実施例では、抵抗体9の結合材(ガラス粉末)としてホウ珪酸・リチウム・バリウムガラス粉末を用いたが、ホウ珪酸ガラス粉末、ホウ酸バリウム系ガラス粉末、鉛ガラス粉末等を用いても良い。特に酸化バリウム含有のガラス粉末は、炭質物質(カーボンブラック)との濡れ性に優れている。ガラス粉末の軟化点は約300℃を越えるものが望ましい。軟化点が低くなり過ぎると、実際の内燃機関で使用した場合に中心電極5と端子電極6の固着保持が困難で且つ電気抵抗値が変動する等の問題が生じる。
【0031】
実施例1〜実施例5において、抵抗体組成物中の重量%においてガラス粉末を10重量%〜80重量%に設定している。10重量%よりガラス粉末が少ないと、抵抗体粉末の固着が不十分となり、多孔質な抵抗体9となるため、気密性および負荷寿命特性が悪化するばかりでなく、端子電極6の圧入が困難となり、端子電極6の雄ねじ部17との結合力も低下してしまう。
【0032】
ガラス粉末が80重量%を越えると、導電材料として作用するカーボンブラック粒子間にガラス粉末が大量に侵入し、抵抗体9の電気抵抗値が大きく増加し、電気抵抗値のバラツキも増大するのみならず、抵抗体9の熱間加圧の際に抵抗体9が端子電極6の長手方向に対して直交方向に加圧充填されず、所定の電気抵抗値が得られ難くなり、且つ電波雑音防止性能も低下してしまう。
【0033】
実施例1〜実施例5において、抵抗粉末中の導電物質としてカーボンブラックを用いたが、アセチレンブラック、黒鉛、ピッチ粉、あるいは焼結時に炭素化し得る有機物等を用いても良い。
また、負荷寿命安定材としての酸化チタニウム粉末に微量の酸化ジルコニウム等の半導性物質を混入させても良い。
【0034】
そして、この発明では、絶縁性酸化物被膜の膜厚が、酸化チタニウムの粒子径の0.01倍以上0.2倍以下に設定されている。絶縁性酸化物被膜の膜厚が酸化チタニウムの粒子径の0.01倍より薄いと、常温時と熱間加圧時との電気抵抗値の変化率が増大する酸化チタニウムの半導性を抑制する性能が弱い。また、絶縁性酸化物被膜の膜厚が酸化チタニウムの粒子径の0.2倍より厚いと、酸化チタニウムの負荷寿命安定性能を低下させてしまう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の一実施例を示した断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 抵抗入りプラグ
3 絶縁碍子
5 中心電極
6 端子電極
7 導電性ガラスシール材
8 導電性ガラスシール材
9 モノリシック型抵抗体
13 軸孔
16 端子部
17 雄ねじ部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a resistance which is attached to an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine and is heat-sealed by hot pressing together with a terminal electrode in a shaft hole of an insulator in a resistor composition for preventing generation of radio noise. The present invention relates to a plug with a resistor provided with a body.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, spark discharge energy has also increased with the increase in output of internal combustion engines, and in conventional resistor compositions, carbon black contained in the components of the resistor composition by the current energy of the spark discharge flowing through the resistor during use. Oxidizes (burns out), resulting in an increase in electrical resistance. Therefore, conventionally, a plug with a resistor whose load life characteristics are improved by adding a large amount of titanium oxide as a load life stabilizer to the resistor composition (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-561, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-52641). No. Gazette etc.) have been proposed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in conventional plugs with resistors, since titanium oxide is a semiconducting substance, the electricity when the resistor is hot-pressed against the electrical resistance value at room temperature (or when exposed to high-temperature combustion gas). There is a problem that the rate of change of the resistance value is very large, and the inherent radio noise prevention characteristic of the resistor is deteriorated.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a plug with a resistor capable of preventing deterioration of radio noise prevention characteristics by reducing the rate of change of the electrical resistance value of the resistor between normal temperature and hot pressurization. It is in. Another object of the present invention is to provide a plug with a resistance capable of obtaining sufficient load life stability characteristics against an increase in spark discharge energy accompanying the increase in output of an internal combustion engine in recent years.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to an insulator having an axial shaft hole, a center electrode inserted into a shaft hole on the tip side of the insulator, and a terminal electrode inserted into a shaft hole on the rear end side of the insulator And a resistor plug sealed in the shaft hole of the insulator by hot pressing a resistor composition filled between the center electrode and the terminal electrode. The resistor composition contains 2% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less of titanium oxide powder in the resistor composition, and the surface of the titanium oxide powder is covered with an insulating oxide film. Adopted means.
[0006]
As the insulating oxide film, one or more kinds of electrically insulating oxides such as aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, alkaline earth oxide, or rare earth oxide may be used. Further, the insulating oxide film may have a film thickness of 0.01 times or more and 0.2 times or less of the particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder.
[0007]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the rate of change of the electrical resistance value of the resistor between normal temperature and hot press is increased by covering the surface of the titanium oxide powder, which is a semiconductive material, with the insulating oxide film. By suppressing the semiconductivity, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the radio noise prevention characteristics. In addition, by including 2% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less of titanium oxide powder in the resistor composition, sufficient load life stability characteristics can be obtained with respect to an increase in spark discharge energy associated with a recent increase in output of an internal combustion engine. Obtainable.
[0008]
【Example】
[Configuration of Example]
FIG. 1 is a view showing a plug with a resistor for an internal combustion engine. This internal resistance plug 1 with a resistor is a spark plug with a resistor excellent in radio noise prevention performance, and is a spark plug called a resistor plug. A plug 1 having a resistance for an internal combustion engine includes a cylindrical metal shell 2, a cylindrical insulator 3 held by the metal shell 2, a ground electrode 4 joined to a front end surface of the metal shell 2, and the ground electrode 4. A central electrode 5 that forms a spark discharge gap with the discharge end face, a terminal electrode 6 electrically connected to an ignition coil (not shown) of the ignition device, and a conductive glass sealing material filled in the insulator 3 7 and 8 and a monolithic resistor (hereinafter abbreviated as a resistor) 9 sealed between the conductive glass sealing materials 7 and 8.
[0009]
The metal shell 2 constitutes the housing of the plug 1 with resistance for an internal combustion engine, and serves to support the insulator 3 and to be attached to an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine. A hexagonal portion 11 for applying a tool such as a wrench is formed on the outer periphery on the upper end side of the metal shell 2, and a mounting screw portion 12 for screwing into the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine is formed on the outer periphery on the lower end side. Is formed.
[0010]
The insulator 3 is a ceramic sintered body mainly composed of aluminum oxide (alumina) or aluminum nitride, and is an insulator that electrically insulates the metal shell 2 from the center electrode 5 and the terminal electrode 6. An axial hole 13 is formed in the insulator 3 so as to open at the front end face and the rear end face. The center electrode 5 is fitted into the shaft hole 13 of the long leg portion 14 of the insulator 3 protruding into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Further, the terminal electrode 6 is fitted in the shaft hole 13 of the corrugation portion 15 that protrudes outward from the metal shell 2 in the insulator 3.
[0011]
The ground electrode 4 and the center electrode 5 are made of a heat-resistant metal such as nickel, chromium, iron alloy, nickel, manganese, silicon, and chromium alloy because they are exposed to high-temperature combustion gas during use of the internal combustion engine. The ground electrode 4 is joined to the front end surface of the metal shell 2 on the ground side (positive electrode side) using a joining means such as resistance welding. The center electrode 5 is fitted in the shaft hole 13 so as to protrude from the shaft hole 13 and is held by the insulator 3.
[0012]
The terminal electrode 6 is made of, for example, mild steel, and is integrally formed with a terminal portion 16 protruding outward from the shaft hole 13. A male screw portion 17 for increasing the bonding strength with the conductive glass sealing material 8 is formed on the outer periphery of the tip. In addition, you may comprise the terminal electrode 6 and the terminal part 16 by a different body.
[0013]
The conductive glass sealing materials 7 and 8 are filled in the shaft hole 13 together with the resistor 9 and are heat-sealed in the shaft hole 13, and the junction between the insulator 3, the center electrode 5 and the terminal electrode 6, and the center electrode 5 and the terminal electrode 6 are electrically connected simultaneously. The conductive glass sealing materials 7 and 8 are, for example, 50% by weight of glass powder such as borosilicate / lithium / barium glass in the glass sealing composition, and 40% to 47% by weight of metal powder such as copper, One organic binder such as PEG (polyethylene glycol), PED (polyethylene oxide), and dextrin is composed of 3 to 10% by weight.
[0014]
The resistor 9 is filled in the shaft hole 13 together with the conductive glass sealing materials 7 and 8 and is heat sealed in the shaft hole 13 to prevent radio noise. The resistor 9 has 10% to 80% by weight of glass powder such as borosilicate / lithium / barium glass in the resistor composition, and 2% of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) powder as a load life stabilizer. 1% organic binder such as PEG (polyethylene glycol) -based, PED (polyethylene oxide) -based, dextrin-based, and the like. Of 0.05 to 5% by weight. As the resistor powder, titanium oxide powder and carbon black may contain 0.2 wt% aluminum or 0 to 20 wt% zirconium oxide (zirconia: ZrO 2 ).
[0015]
The titanium oxide powder has a particle size of 0.1 μm to 2 μm, and its surface is covered with an insulating oxide film. As the insulating oxide film, aluminum oxide (alumina: Al 2 O 3 ), silicon oxide (silica: SiO 2 ), zirconium oxide (zirconia: ZrO 2 ), one kind of alkaline earth oxide or rare earth oxide, Alternatively, two or more kinds of electrically insulating oxides selected from these (for example, SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 ) are used. The film thickness of the insulating oxide film is preferably 0.01 to 0.2 times the particle size of the titanium oxide powder. In this embodiment, the film thickness is 1 × 10 −3 μm to 0.4 μm. .
[0016]
As the alkaline earth oxide (group IIa in the periodic table of elements), magnesium oxide (magnesia: MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), strontium oxide (SrO), barium oxide (BaO), or the like can be used. .
As rare earth oxides (group IIIa in the periodic table of elements), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), or the like can be used.
[0017]
[Comparison results of Examples and Comparative Examples]
Next, various weight percentages of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) powder as a load life stabilizing material are changed in weight% in the resistor composition component, or an insulating oxide film for covering the surface of the titanium oxide powder is formed. A description will be given of a plurality of experiments investigating how the load life characteristics, the radio noise prevention characteristics, and the heating characteristics change due to various changes.
[0018]
1) Adjustment of resistance material The resistor raw material powders of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 in Table 1 described later are 10% to 80% by weight of borosilicate / lithium / barium glass powder. And 1.5 wt% to 65 wt% titanium oxide powder and 0.1 wt% to 20 wt% carbon black, 0.05 wt% to 5 wt% dextrin organic binder, An appropriate amount of water was added and granulated and dried to obtain a resistance material (resistance element raw material powder).
[0019]
2) Method for forming insulating oxide film The surfaces of the titanium oxide powders of Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were coated with the insulating oxide film shown in Table 1. This insulating oxide film is formed by adding water and a dispersant to a titanium oxide material to make a slurry, and then adding a predetermined amount of an aqueous salt solution such as Al, Si, Zr, etc. to neutralize the alkaline substance or The surface of the titanium oxide particles is coated with a hydrous oxide formed by adding an acidic substance. Finally, the slurry PH is adjusted, filtered, washed with pure water, and then dried with a spray dryer (spray dryer) or the like, thereby forming an insulating oxide film on the surface of the titanium oxide particles. The insulating oxide film had a thickness of 0.1 μm because the particle size of the titanium oxide powder was 1 μm.
[0020]
3) Resistor sealing method The center electrode 5 is inserted into the side of the long leg portion 14 in the shaft hole 13 of the alumina insulator 3, and 100 mg of the conductive glass sealing material 7 is adjusted on the center electrode 5 as described above. 400 mg of the material and 200 mg of the conductive glass sealing material 8 were sequentially filled into the shaft hole 13, and then the terminal electrode 6 was inserted into the shaft hole 13. Next, the entire insulator 3 is heated to a high temperature (for example, 900 ° C.), pressure (for example, 40 kgf) is applied to the terminal electrode 6, and the resistance material and the conductive glass sealing materials 7 and 8 filled in the shaft hole 13 are A monolithic resistor 9 was obtained between the conductive glass sealing materials 7 and 8 by heat sealing by hot pressing. Then, the metal shell 2 having the ground electrode 4 fixed thereto is fixed to the outer periphery of the insulator 3, and a range of 0.5 kΩ to 20 kΩ (preferably 3 kΩ to 20 kΩ) required for suppressing radio noise (at room temperature, for example, for example) A resistance-containing plug 1 for an internal combustion engine having an electric resistance value within 20 ° C. was obtained.
[0021]
4) Load life characteristics test equipment: transistor ignition device for automobiles,
Primary coil side stored energy: 100 mJ,
Discharge voltage: 30 kV
Number of discharges: 3600 times / min.
[0022]
The rate of change of the electrical resistance value of the resistor 9 after 100 hours was measured under the above conditions, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, ◎ indicates the rate of change in electrical resistance value is ± 20% or less, ○ indicates that the rate of change in electrical resistance value is ± 21% or more and ± 30% or less, and X indicates ± 31% or more that is outside the regulation value Indicates.
[0023]
As can be confirmed from Table 1, when the titanium oxide powder is less than 2.0% by weight in the weight% of the components of the resistor composition (resistive material), the load life characteristics tend to deteriorate rapidly. I understand. It can also be seen that when the titanium oxide powder exceeds 60% by weight, the load life characteristics tend to deteriorate rapidly. It can be seen that when the weight percentage of the titanium oxide powder is in the range of 2.0 weight% to 60 weight%, 30 weight% tends to be the best.
[0024]
5) Radio noise prevention characteristics Using a 4-cycle 360 cc engine, measured at 120 MHz according to the C, I, S, P, R (International Special Committee on Radio Interference) measurement method, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1. It was. In Table 1, ◯ indicates that the radio noise level is within the regulation value of 35 dB or less, and X indicates that the radio noise level is outside the regulation value of 36 dB or more.
[0025]
As can be confirmed from Table 1, it can be seen that when the titanium oxide powder exceeds 60% by weight in the components of the resistor composition (resistive material), the radio noise prevention characteristics tend to deteriorate rapidly.
[0026]
6) Heating characteristics The resistance material in hot (150 ° C) after leaving the resistance material in air at 150 ° C for 2 hours and the electrical resistance value (eg, 5 kΩ) at room temperature (eg, 20 ° C) before the test. The change rate of the electrical resistance value during the measurement was measured, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the symbol ◎ indicates a change rate of electrical resistance value of −25% or less, the symbol ○ indicates a change rate of electrical resistance value of −26% or more and −40% or less, and a symbol X indicates −41% or more that is outside the regulation value. Indicates.
[0027]
As can also be seen from Table 1, Comparative Examples 4 to 7 in which no insulating oxide film is formed on the surface of the titanium oxide powder and the weight percent of the titanium oxide powder is greater than 2 wt. It can be seen that the heating characteristics tend to deteriorate. And in Example 1- Example 5, it turns out that the weight% of a titanium oxide powder is 30 weight%, and Example 2 whose insulating oxide film is an alumina tends to become the best.
[Table 1]
Figure 0003734293
[0028]
[Effects of Examples]
As described above, the resistance-containing plug 1 for an internal combustion engine is formed at the room temperature of the resistor 9 (for example, 20 ° C.) by forming an insulating oxide film such as alumina on the surface of the titanium oxide powder that is a semiconductive material. ) At the time of hot pressurization (for example, 850 ° C. to 950 ° C.) or exposed to a high-temperature combustion gas (for example, the plug tip temperature is 900 ° C.) The rate of change can be reduced. Therefore, since the rate of change of the electrical resistance value of the heating characteristic can be reduced, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the radio noise prevention performance of the resistor 9.
[0029]
In addition, the resistor 9 contains 2% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less of titanium oxide powder in the resistor composition weight%, thereby maintaining sufficient radio noise prevention performance, while maintaining high performance of the internal combustion engine in recent years. Sufficient load life stability characteristics can be obtained with respect to an increase in spark discharge energy associated with output.
[0030]
[Modification]
In this embodiment, borosilicate / lithium / barium glass powder is used as the binder (glass powder) of the resistor 9, but borosilicate glass powder, barium borate glass powder, lead glass powder, etc. may be used. . In particular, glass powder containing barium oxide has excellent wettability with a carbonaceous material (carbon black). The glass powder preferably has a softening point exceeding about 300 ° C. If the softening point is too low, problems such as difficulty in securing the center electrode 5 and the terminal electrode 6 and fluctuations in the electrical resistance when used in an actual internal combustion engine occur.
[0031]
In Example 1 to Example 5, the glass powder is set to 10% by weight to 80% by weight in weight% in the resistor composition. When the glass powder is less than 10% by weight, the resistor powder is not sufficiently fixed and the porous resistor 9 is formed, so that not only airtightness and load life characteristics are deteriorated but also the press fitting of the terminal electrode 6 is difficult. Thus, the coupling force between the terminal electrode 6 and the external thread portion 17 is also reduced.
[0032]
If the glass powder exceeds 80% by weight, a large amount of glass powder penetrates between the carbon black particles acting as the conductive material, the electrical resistance value of the resistor 9 is greatly increased, and the variation in the electrical resistance value is only increased. First, when the resistor 9 is hot-pressed, the resistor 9 is not pressurized and filled in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the terminal electrode 6, making it difficult to obtain a predetermined electric resistance value and preventing radio noise. Performance will also decline.
[0033]
In Examples 1 to 5, carbon black was used as the conductive material in the resistance powder. However, acetylene black, graphite, pitch powder, or an organic substance that can be carbonized during sintering may be used.
Further, a trace amount of a semiconductive material such as zirconium oxide may be mixed in the titanium oxide powder as the load life stabilizing material.
[0034]
And in this invention, the film thickness of an insulating oxide film is set to 0.01 times or more and 0.2 times or less of the particle diameter of titanium oxide. When the thickness of the insulating oxide film is less than 0.01 times the particle size of titanium oxide, the semiconductivity of titanium oxide, which increases the rate of change in electrical resistance between normal temperature and hot pressurization, is suppressed. The performance to do is weak. On the other hand, when the thickness of the insulating oxide film is larger than 0.2 times the particle diameter of titanium oxide, the load life stability performance of titanium oxide is deteriorated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Plug with resistance 3 Insulator 5 Center electrode 6 Terminal electrode 7 Conductive glass sealing material 8 Conductive glass sealing material 9 Monolithic resistor 13 Shaft hole 16 Terminal part 17 Male thread part

Claims (3)

軸方向の軸孔を有する絶縁碍子と、この絶縁碍子の先端側の軸孔内に挿入された中心電極と、前記絶縁碍子の後端側の軸孔内に挿入された端子電極と、前記中心電極と前記端子電極との間に充填された抵抗体組成物を熱間加圧することにより前記絶縁碍子の軸孔内に封着された抵抗体とを備えた抵抗入りプラグであって、
前記抵抗体組成物は、その抵抗体組成物中において2重量%以上60重量%以下の酸化チタニウム粉末を含有し、
その酸化チタニウム粉末の表面は、絶縁性酸化物被膜に覆われたことを特徴とする抵抗入りプラグ。
An insulator having an axial shaft hole, a center electrode inserted into a shaft hole on the front end side of the insulator, a terminal electrode inserted in a shaft hole on the rear end side of the insulator, and the center A resistor-containing plug comprising a resistor sealed in a shaft hole of the insulator by hot pressurizing a resistor composition filled between an electrode and the terminal electrode,
The resistor composition contains 2% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less of titanium oxide powder in the resistor composition,
A resistive plug, wherein the surface of the titanium oxide powder is covered with an insulating oxide film.
請求項1に記載の抵抗入りプラグにおいて、
前記絶縁性酸化物被膜は、酸化アルミニウム、酸化シリコン、酸化ジルコニウム、アルカリ土類酸化物または希土類酸化物の1種類以上の電気絶縁性の酸化物からなることを特徴とする抵抗入りプラグ。
In the plug with a resistor according to claim 1,
The resistive plug is characterized in that the insulating oxide film is made of one or more kinds of electrically insulating oxides such as aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, alkaline earth oxide, or rare earth oxide.
請求項1または請求項2に記載の抵抗入りプラグにおいて、
前記絶縁性酸化物被膜は、前記酸化チタニウム粉末の粒子径の0.01倍以上0.2倍以下の膜厚を持つことを特徴とする抵抗入りプラグ。
In the plug with a resistor according to claim 1 or 2,
The resistance-containing plug, wherein the insulating oxide film has a film thickness of 0.01 to 0.2 times the particle diameter of the titanium oxide powder.
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JP4249161B2 (en) * 1997-04-23 2009-04-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug with resistor
JP3819586B2 (en) * 1997-04-23 2006-09-13 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug with resistor, resistor composition for spark plug, and method of manufacturing spark plug with resistor
JPH11260531A (en) * 1998-01-09 1999-09-24 Denso Corp Spark plug for internal combustion engine
EP2306606B1 (en) 2008-06-18 2020-10-28 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the same
JP6847747B2 (en) * 2017-04-12 2021-03-24 株式会社Soken Spark plug
JP7099214B2 (en) * 2018-09-17 2022-07-12 株式会社デンソー Spark plug
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