JP3724639B2 - Brown rice cake - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3724639B2
JP3724639B2 JP2001322082A JP2001322082A JP3724639B2 JP 3724639 B2 JP3724639 B2 JP 3724639B2 JP 2001322082 A JP2001322082 A JP 2001322082A JP 2001322082 A JP2001322082 A JP 2001322082A JP 3724639 B2 JP3724639 B2 JP 3724639B2
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Japan
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brown rice
water
treatment
rice
dried
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JP2003125720A (en
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彩 水口
健一 石渡
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Fancl Corp
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Fancl Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生産効率が良く、且つ食味に優れた玄米餅に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
玄米の糠層には、食物繊維、ビタミン、ミネラルなどの機能性成分が含まれる一方で、渋味、えぐ味(またはアク)が強く、玄米餅は広く一般の人が常食する健康食としては浸透するにいたっていない。
えぐ味を低減するために、玄米を水に浸漬して膨潤させた後に蒸し、搗いて製餅する方法(特開平6−104045)が提案されている。しかし、この方法はえぐ味を低減することはできるが、えぐ味とともに玄米本来の香ばしさも失われてしまうという問題がある。また、製造工程の吸水に要する時間は、普通の玄米を原料として使用した場合では、例えば20〜60時間程度であり、生産効率が悪いという問題があった。
吸水時間を短縮する方法として、水溶性ヘミセルロースを有効成分とした穀類調理用浸漬時間短縮剤(特開平2000−4807号公報)の技術が公知となっている。しかし、原料が玄米の場合には、依然として吸水時間の短縮効果は弱く、より効果的な手段が求められている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、製造において吸水処理に要する時間を短縮し生産効率を改善し、且つ玄米餅の香ばしさ、食味を損なわずにえぐ味を低減した玄米餅を提供することである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らはこれらの課題を解決するために鋭意検討の結果、餅の原料として催芽処理を施し、乾燥した玄米を使用すること、さらには催芽処理を施した玄米を湿熱処理後乾燥した玄米を使用して製餅することで、玄米の香ばしさ、風味を損なわずにえぐ味を低減することができること、さらには餅製造工程において吸水処理に要する時間を短縮することが出来ることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0005】
即ち、本発明の第一は、玄米を短時間の吸水処理後、蒸煮して得た水分含量が40〜50%(W/W)の吸水玄米を搗き、製餅して得られたことを特徴とする玄米餅である。
第二は、玄米が高吸水性玄米である前記1の玄米餅である。
第三は、吸水の処理時間が1〜4時間であることを特徴とする前記1又は2記載の玄米餅である。
第四は、玄米が、催芽処理した玄米を乾燥したものであることを特徴とする前記1、2又は3記載の玄米餅である。
第五は、製餅後に加熱処理したものである前記1〜4のいずれか1記載の玄米餅である。
第六は、催芽処理を施した玄米を湿熱処理後乾燥し、製餅することを特徴とする玄米餅の製造法である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の玄米餅は、高吸水性玄米を用いて製造することが好ましい。高吸水性玄米とは、30℃の条件下で60分浸漬した後の玄米の吸水重量を浸漬前の重量で除し%で表したものが、115〜140%、好ましくは120〜140%に達する玄米である。通常は、糯米を催芽処理後、乾燥した玄米であるが、必要に応じて粳米を催芽処理後、乾燥したものを混合して使用することも出来る。玄米の催芽処理は、例えば次のような方法で実施できる。
【0007】
玄米をそのまま、あるいは玄米の一部を精米機あるいは無洗米機等で搗精して剥離・裂傷させ、得られた玄米を通常2乃至4回程洗米し、水切り後、発芽槽(催芽処理用タンク)に浸漬する。搗精は、浸漬の後に行うこともできる。玄米は、好ましくは95〜99.8質量%、さらに好ましくは97〜99質量%に搗精するのが良い。そうすることで、原料玄米の表皮に付着する異物、微生物を除去することができ、洗米に要する水の使用量を減少させることもできる。また、搗精の程度は浸漬吸水率、発芽率に影響を与えるので、この点も考慮して定めることが好ましい。洗米に供する水は、水道水、蒸留水、井戸水、酸性水、電解食塩水、オゾンを溶存させた水等の食品用に使用できる水であれば、いずれの使用も可能である。
【0008】
催芽処理槽の浸漬条件は、通常20乃至50℃の温水中に発芽するまで浸漬するか、あるいは例えば3乃至5時間程浸漬し、その後脱水を行い、間欠的に散水を行って、所定時間、高湿度の条件下で催芽処理する方法がある。使用する温水は、前記の洗米工程で例示した様な水が例示でき、食品用に使用できる水であれば、いずれも可能である。また、浸漬から催芽処理工程を液相中で実施する場合は、例えば、3乃至48時間、通常20乃至50℃の温水中に浸漬させ、発芽させる。尚、浸漬中は、適度なエアレーションを行うことで、均一な発芽を行うことが出来る。
【0009】
催芽処理による発芽の程度は、一般的には胚の部分から0.5mm〜2.0mm程度の膨らみ、あるいは突起部、幼芽が確認できる程度の状態が良い。催芽処理後は、加熱処理して、発芽を停止させるが、その方法としては、蒸煮させても良いし、熱風あるいはマイクロウェーブ、冷却等の適当な方法により、温度処理あるいは乾燥させても良い。
【0010】
浸漬・催芽処理タンクから発芽玄米を排出して次の乾燥工程へ移行するが、乾燥前に、発芽玄米がほぼ単粒状態になる程度まで付着水を除去し、ついで湿熱処理を施して乾燥するのが好ましい。単粒状態とは発芽玄米粒が表面の付着水によって大部分が互い付着していない状態である。これによって、湿熱処理、乾燥工程時のハンドリングが行いやすくなり、粒同士あるいは機器壁面への付着、α化度の不均一、乾燥むらを防ぐことが可能となり、乾燥効率も改善できる。表面の付着水の除去は、例えば、排出した玄米を水切りコンベア上に載せて行うことができるし、その際に振動を与えたり、送風を行うことでより効率良く表面の付着水を除去することができる。また、必要に応じて、例えば攪拌機能をもった回転羽、スクリューなどで攪拌を行うと尚良い。
【0011】
湿熱処理は、具体的には、飽和水蒸気か熱水あるいは過熱蒸気等を熱媒体として高湿度雰囲気、例えば湿度60%以上の雰囲気で対象物を加熱する方法である。この場合には、加熱対象物と熱媒体を直接接触させ加熱する方法と例えば湿度60%以上の雰囲気でかつ伝導加熱方式のように間接的に熱媒体を接触させ、加熱する方法のどちらでも実施可能である。具体的な条件は、例えば、蒸気温度98〜180℃で3秒〜30分間処理することができる。蒸気温度が98℃以下の場合、α化、乾燥自体に問題はないが、所望のα化に要する時間が長くなるため、工業的に大量生産を行う場合には、あまり好ましくない。一方で、180℃を超えるとα化が進みすぎる問題があり、米粒の付着が生じ、乾燥工程のハンドリングが悪くなる。処理時間は、3秒未満では、粒のα化度にムラが生じやすいこともあるが、実際の工程における制御も難しい。また、処理時間が30分を超えると玄米のα化が進行し過ぎ、乾燥工程でのハンドリングが悪い。
【0012】
また、上述した以外の方法として米飯製造や発酵工業等で行われる米の蒸煮処理を用いた方法が例示できる。具体的には、例えば、催芽処理した玄米を0.1〜7.0kg/cm2、好ましくは0.1〜2.0kg/cm2の条件下で、3秒〜30分間、好ましくは10秒〜30分間蒸気で処理する方法である。蒸気圧が、0.1kg/cm2未満では、胴割れ、砕米の発生防止効果は少なく、処理時間が3秒未満でも同様である。逆に処理時間が長くなりすぎると、α化が進み過ぎ、乾燥工程のハンドリングが悪くなる傾向がある。一方、蒸気圧が7.0kg/cm2を超えても、胴割れ、砕米の発生防止効果は得られるが、圧力が高すぎ、安全性に問題がある。
【0013】
乾燥は、対流(熱風)乾燥法、放射乾燥法、伝導乾燥法、電磁波等による均一発熱法、真空乾燥法、凍結乾燥法等のいずれの方法をもっても行うことが可能である。
また、所望の水分値に達するまでに、工程中にテンパリングを行うことで、仕上がりが美しく、砕米の発生をより低減させることが可能である。
乾燥は、発芽玄米の水分量を、通常10〜18%、好ましくは12〜18%、さらに好ましくは13〜16%になるようにする。水分量が10%未満である場合、発芽玄米の粒に胴割れ、砕米が発生しやすくなり、乾燥発芽玄米としての歩留まりが悪くなる。一方、水分量が18%を超える場合、カビ、細菌などが発生しやすく、加工適性、保存性に問題が生じる。
【0014】
また、湿熱処理や乾燥の条件はα化度に影響を及ぼす。α化度とは、β−アミラーゼ・プルラナーゼ法(BAP法)によって測定した値である。BAP法は糊化デンプンと生デンプンまたは老化デンプンを識別するのに優れた方法である。蒸煮・湿熱処理や乾燥を緩やかな条件で行うとα化度は低くなり、温度を高くしたり時間を長くするとα化度は高くなる。発芽玄米のα化度は、通常5〜90%であり、好ましくは、30〜85%、さらに好ましくは50〜80%であり、このような範囲になるように、熱処理、乾燥の条件を定めるのが好ましい。
【0015】
なお、原料玄米をあらかじめ搗精することにより、乾燥時間を短縮し、果皮の硬さや異臭を低減させることが可能になる。また、乾燥後に発芽玄米の表皮の一部を搗精して剥離・裂傷することで、表皮の固さや異臭をより低減させることもできる。このようにして催芽処理した乾燥玄米を得ることができる。
【0016】
催芽処理後、乾燥した糯米玄米は、例えば、以下のような方法で製餅する。具体的には催芽処理済の乾燥玄米を水研ぎし、水又は酸性に調整した水に通常の場合である20〜60時間程度より短時間、好ましくは1〜4時間、より好ましくは1〜3時間吸水処理する。吸水処理時には加温することもできる。吸水処理時の温度は通常、15〜30℃であるが、吸水速度をさらに促進させるため、35〜40℃にまで加温することも出来る。15℃未満だと、吸水速度が緩慢になり、本発明の効果が弱くなる。一方、40℃を超えると、餅の食感、風味が低下する問題がある。次に、水切りをした後、玄米を高温蒸気で一定時間、例えば、98〜120℃、10〜40分間蒸した後、無菌雰囲気下で潰し、搗き捏ねて製餅する。
【0017】
蒸煮後の吸水玄米の水分含量は40〜50%、好ましくは、40〜47%、さらに好ましくは40〜45%が良い。水分含量が、40%未満では、粒同士の結合が弱く、餅の成形性、食感が悪い。一方、50%を超えると、餅が杵などの製造装置に付着し、製造効率を落す上に、餅自体が軟らかすぎて、成形性が悪いという欠点がある。
【0018】
製餅は通常の方法と同様に、例えば、餅つき機、ねりだし機、ミキサーなどで製餅することができる。製餅する際に、粳米、ひえ、きび、粟、麦、くるみ、榧の実、栃、ごま、黒豆、蓬、紫蘇、海苔、干し柿、梅干、黒砂糖、縮緬雑魚、ピ−ナッツ等を入れることもできる。その後、低温で冷却して固め、適当な形、例えば丸形、角形などに断裁する。また、原料に供する催芽処理済み乾燥玄米は、粉砕処理したものを製餅することも可能である。得られた断裁済みの餅は個包装し、通常は更にこれを脱酸素材あるいは不活性ガスとともに集積包装する。必要に応じて、包装前又は包装後に加熱処理を施して殺菌をしてもよい。この場合の加熱条件は通常110〜120℃で10〜40分である。
【0019】
本発明の玄米餅は、玄米の香ばしさ、風味を損なわずにえぐ味を低減することが出来ること、さらには餅製造工程において吸水処理に要する時間を短縮することが出来ることで生産効率を良くすることが可能である。
また原料に供する催芽処理玄米の製造過程において、催芽処理時にえぐ味、特にアクの成分が流出し、さらに湿熱乾燥処理後、乾燥工程を経ることで玄米の持つ香ばしい風味が増加する。
【0020】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例で詳細に説明する。
実施例1
原料糯米玄米を洗米機にて洗浄し、30℃の恒温水中で24時間浸漬させ催芽処理した。その後、98℃、4分間蒸煮し、引き続き100℃の流動層乾燥を行い、水分量を15%に調整した乾燥発芽糯米玄米を得た。
乾燥発芽糯米玄米700gを水研ぎし、充分量の水に約60分間吸水処理後、米をざるにあげ、30分間水を切った。吸水処理中は、水温が35〜40℃となるように加熱した。水を切った米を三洋電機株式会社製もちつきベーカリー(品番SPM-MP1)を用いて、ボイラーに350ml給水し約35分間蒸した後、約15分間搗きあげた。搗きあがった餅は、のし棒で平らにし、5℃の冷蔵庫で冷却して固めた後、切り分けたものを個包装して評価した。個包装は、二軸延伸ポリプロピレンとポリエチレンのラミネートフィルムを用い、長方形フィルムの中心を折り曲げて3方をシールすることにより行った。
【0021】
実施例2
実施例1と同様にして、乾燥発芽糯米玄米を搗きあげ、のし棒で平らにし、5℃の冷蔵庫で冷却して固めた後、切り分けた。切り分けたものは実施例1と同様に個包装し、開口部を熱シールした後、110℃で20分間加熱殺菌した。以下、実施例1と同様にして個包装して評価した。
【0022】
実施例3
原料糯米玄米を洗米機にて洗浄し、30℃の恒温水中で24時間浸漬させ催芽処理した。その後、引き続き100℃の流動層乾燥を行い、水分量を15%に調整した乾燥発芽糯米玄米を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、乾燥発芽糯米玄米を搗きあげ、のし棒で平らにし、5℃の冷蔵庫で冷却して固めた後、切り分けた。切り分けたものは実施例1と同様に個包装して評価した。
【0023】
実施例4
原料糯米玄米を洗米機にて洗浄し、30℃の恒温水中で24時間浸漬させ催芽処理した。その後、98℃、4分間蒸煮し、引き続き100℃の流動層乾燥を行い、水分量を15%に調整した乾燥発芽糯米玄米を得た。
催芽処理した乾燥糯米玄米を粉砕し、粉末化したもの400gを秤量した。得られた玄米粉に約220ml加水し、三洋電機株式会社製もちつきベーカリー(品番SPM-MP1)を用いて、ボイラーに300ml給水し約20分間蒸した後、約15分間搗きあげた。搗きあがった餅は、実施例1と同様にして評価した。
【0024】
比較例1
原料糯米玄米を洗米機にて洗浄し、30℃の恒温水中で24時間浸漬させ催芽させた。その後、1.05kg/cm2の蒸気で3秒間処理し、室温になるまで放置し、チャック付きポリ袋で包装し、水分量32%の発芽糯米玄米を得た。
このようにして得た催芽処理した糯米玄米700gを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして餅を製造し、実施例1と同様にして評価した。
比較例2
乾燥発芽糯米玄米700gの代わりに糯米玄米700gを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして餅を製造し、実施例1と同様にして評価した。
比較例3
乾燥発芽糯米玄米700gの代わりに糯米玄米700gを用い、吸水処理時間を24時間とした以外は実施例1と同様にして餅を製造し、実施例1と同様にして評価した。
【0025】
評価は以下のようにして行った。
餅をそれぞれオーブントースターで数分間焼き、食味を調べた。餅の仕上がりについて観察し、パネラー9名(20代〜30代)を対象に官能試験を行った。
【0026】
食感については、以下のように評価した。
○:良好と答えたパネラーが6名以上
△:良好と答えたパネラーが3〜5名
×:良好と答えたパネラーが0〜2名
【0027】
食味については、以下のように評価した。
○:美味しいと答えたパネラーが6名以上
△:美味しいと答えたパネラー3〜5名
×:美味しいと答えたパネラーが0〜2名
【0028】
風味については、以下のように評価した。
○:香ばしいと答えたパネラーが6名以上
△:香ばしいと答えたパネラー3〜5名
×:香ばしいと答えたパネラーが0〜2名
【0029】
蒸煮後の含水量は、常圧加熱乾燥法(135℃、3時間)にて測定した。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 0003724639
【0031】
【発明の効果】
表1に示すように、玄米を催芽処理しているものの、未乾燥の比較例1は、吸水性が悪く、餅の成形性、風味も劣る。比較例2の糯米玄米を用いた餅は粒のままで餅状にならず、食感、食味が劣り、香ばしさに欠ける。また、比較例3では、比較例2より食味の面で改善されるが、吸水処理に時間を要し、生産効率が悪い。
これに対して、催芽処理した糯米玄米を用いた実施例1〜4は、えぐ味がなく、食感、食味、風味はほぼ問題ない。
本発明の玄米餅は、食感、風味に優れ、さらに、湿熱処理後、乾燥処理した発芽玄米を用いた場合は、食味も優れており、広く一般の人が常食する健康食として適したものである。また、餅製造工程上の吸水処理時間の短縮を図ることができ、生産効率も改善することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a brown rice bran having good production efficiency and excellent taste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The brown rice bran layer contains functional ingredients such as dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, while it has a strong astringency and astringency (or ak), and brown rice bran is a widely used healthy food for the general population. It has not yet penetrated.
In order to reduce the savory taste, a method has been proposed in which brown rice is dipped in water and swollen and then steamed and kneaded (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-104045). However, although this method can reduce the savory taste, there is a problem that the original flavor of brown rice is lost along with the savory taste. In addition, the time required for water absorption in the production process is, for example, about 20 to 60 hours when ordinary brown rice is used as a raw material, and there is a problem that production efficiency is poor.
As a method for shortening the water absorption time, a technique of a soaking time shortening agent for cereal cooking using water-soluble hemicellulose as an active ingredient (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-4807) is known. However, when the raw material is brown rice, the effect of shortening the water absorption time is still weak, and more effective means are required.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a brown rice bran that shortens the time required for water absorption treatment in production, improves production efficiency, and reduces the savory taste without impairing the flavor and taste of brown rice bran.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve these problems, the present inventors have performed sprouting treatment as a raw material for koji, and use dried brown rice, and further, brown rice that has been subjected to sprouting treatment and dried after wet heat treatment It is found that it is possible to reduce the savory taste without impairing the fragrance and flavor of brown rice, and further reduce the time required for water absorption treatment in the koji manufacturing process, The present invention has been completed.
[0005]
That is, in the first aspect of the present invention, the brown rice is obtained by boiling water-absorbing brown rice having a moisture content of 40 to 50% (W / W) obtained by steaming after brown water treatment for a short time. It is a characteristic brown rice cake.
The second is the brown rice bran according to 1 above, wherein the brown rice is a superabsorbent brown rice.
The third is the brown rice bran according to 1 or 2, wherein the water absorption time is 1 to 4 hours.
Fourthly, the brown rice bran according to the above 1, 2 or 3, wherein the brown rice is obtained by drying the germinated brown rice.
5th is the brown rice bran of any one of said 1-4 which is heat-processed after koji making.
The sixth is a method for producing brown rice bran, characterized in that brown rice subjected to sprouting treatment is dried by heat treatment after wet heat treatment.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The brown rice bran of the present invention is preferably produced using superabsorbent brown rice. Highly water-absorbed brown rice is obtained by dividing the water absorption weight of brown rice after being immersed for 60 minutes at 30 ° C. by the weight before immersion, expressed as%, and is 115 to 140%, preferably 120 to 140%. Reaching brown rice. Usually, it is brown rice that has been dried after sprouting treatment of sticky rice, but if necessary, it can also be used by mixing dried rice after sprouting treatment. The germination treatment of brown rice can be performed, for example, by the following method.
[0007]
The brown rice is left as it is, or a part of the brown rice is crushed with a rice mill or a non-washing rice machine to peel and tear, and the resulting brown rice is usually washed 2 to 4 times, drained, and then germinated (tank processing tank) Immerse in. Milling can also be performed after immersion. Brown rice is preferably refined to 95-99.8 mass%, more preferably 97-99 mass%. By doing so, the foreign material and microorganisms adhering to the raw skin of raw rice can be removed, and the amount of water required for washing the rice can also be reduced. In addition, the degree of punishment affects the soaking water absorption rate and germination rate, so it is preferable to take this point into consideration. Any water can be used as long as it can be used for food such as tap water, distilled water, well water, acidic water, electrolytic saline, and water in which ozone is dissolved.
[0008]
The soaking conditions of the sprouting treatment tank are usually immersed in warm water of 20 to 50 ° C. until germination, or, for example, immersed for about 3 to 5 hours, then dehydrated, intermittently watered, for a predetermined time, There is a method of germination treatment under high humidity conditions. The warm water to be used can be exemplified by the water as exemplified in the above rice washing step, and any water can be used as long as it can be used for food. Moreover, when implementing a germination process process in a liquid phase from immersion, it is immersed in warm water of 20 to 50 degreeC normally for 3 to 48 hours, and is germinated. In addition, uniform germination can be performed by performing appropriate aeration during immersion.
[0009]
The degree of germination by the sprouting treatment is generally in a state where bulges of about 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm from the embryo part, or a state where protrusions and buds can be confirmed. After the sprouting treatment, heat treatment is performed to stop germination. As the method, steaming may be performed, or temperature treatment or drying may be performed by an appropriate method such as hot air, microwave, or cooling.
[0010]
The germinated brown rice is discharged from the soaking / germination treatment tank and the process proceeds to the next drying process. Before drying, the adhering water is removed until the germinated brown rice is almost in a single grain state, and then subjected to wet heat treatment and dried. Is preferred. The single-grain state is a state in which most of the germinated brown rice grains are not attached to each other due to the attached water on the surface. As a result, handling during the wet heat treatment and the drying process is facilitated, and it is possible to prevent particles from adhering to each other or to the apparatus wall surface, non-uniformity of the α-formation degree, uneven drying, and drying efficiency can be improved. The surface adhering water can be removed, for example, by putting the discharged brown rice on a draining conveyor, and the surface adhering water can be removed more efficiently by applying vibration or blowing air. Can do. Further, if necessary, for example, stirring is preferably performed with a rotary blade or a screw having a stirring function.
[0011]
Specifically, the wet heat treatment is a method of heating an object in a high humidity atmosphere, for example, an atmosphere having a humidity of 60% or more, using saturated steam, hot water, superheated steam or the like as a heat medium. In this case, both the heating method in which the object to be heated and the heating medium are in direct contact and the heating method in which the heating medium is brought into contact indirectly, for example, in an atmosphere having a humidity of 60% or more and the conductive heating method, are performed Is possible. As specific conditions, for example, the treatment can be performed at a steam temperature of 98 to 180 ° C. for 3 seconds to 30 minutes. When the steam temperature is 98 ° C. or lower, there is no problem in the pregelatinization and drying itself, but since the time required for the desired pregelatinization becomes long, it is not so preferable for industrial mass production. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 180 ° C., there is a problem that the pregelatinization proceeds too much, causing adhesion of rice grains, resulting in poor handling of the drying process. If the treatment time is less than 3 seconds, unevenness of the α-formation degree of the grains may easily occur, but control in the actual process is difficult. Moreover, when processing time exceeds 30 minutes, the gelatinization of brown rice will progress too much and the handling in a drying process will be bad.
[0012]
Moreover, the method using the steaming process of rice performed by cooked rice manufacture, fermentation industry, etc. can be illustrated as methods other than the above-mentioned. Specifically, for example, germinated brown rice is 0.1 to 7.0 kg / cm 2 , preferably 0.1 to 2.0 kg / cm 2 , for 3 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably 10 seconds. A method of treating with steam for ˜30 minutes. When the vapor pressure is less than 0.1 kg / cm 2 , the effect of preventing the generation of shell cracks and broken rice is small, and the same is true even when the treatment time is less than 3 seconds. On the other hand, if the treatment time is too long, pregelatinization tends to proceed and the handling of the drying process tends to be poor. On the other hand, even if the vapor pressure exceeds 7.0 kg / cm 2 , the effect of preventing the generation of shell cracks and broken rice can be obtained, but the pressure is too high and there is a problem in safety.
[0013]
Drying can be performed by any method such as a convection (hot air) drying method, a radiation drying method, a conductive drying method, a uniform heat generation method using electromagnetic waves, a vacuum drying method, a freeze drying method, or the like.
Further, by performing tempering during the process until the desired moisture value is reached, the finish is beautiful and the generation of broken rice can be further reduced.
Drying is performed so that the moisture content of germinated brown rice is usually 10 to 18%, preferably 12 to 18%, and more preferably 13 to 16%. When the amount of water is less than 10%, the cracked and broken rice tends to be generated in the germinated brown rice grains, and the yield as dry germinated brown rice is deteriorated. On the other hand, when the amount of water exceeds 18%, mold, bacteria, etc. are likely to be generated, causing problems in processability and storage stability.
[0014]
In addition, wet heat treatment and drying conditions affect the degree of alpha conversion. The degree of pregelatinization is a value measured by the β-amylase / pullulanase method (BAP method). The BAP method is an excellent method for distinguishing gelatinized starch from raw starch or aged starch. If the steaming, moist heat treatment or drying is performed under mild conditions, the degree of alpha will decrease, and if the temperature is increased or the time is prolonged, the degree of alpha will increase. The degree of gelatinization of germinated brown rice is usually from 5 to 90%, preferably from 30 to 85%, more preferably from 50 to 80%. The conditions for heat treatment and drying are determined so as to be in such a range. Is preferred.
[0015]
In addition, it is possible to shorten the drying time and reduce the hardness and nasty smell of the skin by scouring the raw brown rice in advance. In addition, it is possible to reduce the hardness and off-flavor of the epidermis by finely peeling and tearing a part of the germinated brown rice after drying. Thus, dried brown rice that has been germinated can be obtained.
[0016]
After the sprouting treatment, the dried brown rice brown rice is kneaded by the following method, for example. Specifically, the sprouting-treated dry brown rice is water-polished, and is usually shorter than about 20 to 60 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours, more preferably 1 to 3 hours, which is normal for water or water adjusted to acidity. Water absorption treatment for hours. Heating can also be performed during water absorption treatment. Although the temperature at the time of a water absorption process is 15-30 degreeC normally, in order to further accelerate a water absorption rate, it can also heat to 35-40 degreeC. If it is less than 15 ° C., the water absorption rate becomes slow, and the effect of the present invention becomes weak. On the other hand, when it exceeds 40 degreeC, there exists a problem that the food texture and flavor of a persimmon fall. Next, after draining, the brown rice is steamed with high-temperature steam for a certain time, for example, 98 to 120 ° C. for 10 to 40 minutes, then crushed in a sterile atmosphere, kneaded and kneaded.
[0017]
The water content of the water-absorbed brown rice after cooking is 40 to 50%, preferably 40 to 47%, more preferably 40 to 45%. When the water content is less than 40%, the bonding between the grains is weak, and the moldability and texture of the koji are poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50%, the cocoon adheres to a manufacturing apparatus such as a cocoon, which lowers the production efficiency, and the cocoon itself is too soft, resulting in poor moldability.
[0018]
The iron making can be carried out in the same manner as a normal method, for example, with a kneading machine, a ladle machine, a mixer or the like. When making the koji, add rice, millet, acne, rice cake, wheat, walnut, rice cake, tochi, sesame, black bean, rice cake, shiso, seaweed, dried rice cake, plum dried fish, brown sugar, shredded fish, peanuts, etc. You can also. Thereafter, it is cooled and hardened at a low temperature, and cut into a suitable shape such as a round shape or a square shape. Moreover, the germinated and dried brown rice used for the raw material can be kneaded. The obtained cut bags are individually packaged, and usually are further packaged together with a deoxidizing material or an inert gas. As needed, you may sterilize by heat-processing before packaging or after packaging. The heating conditions in this case are usually 110 to 120 ° C. and 10 to 40 minutes.
[0019]
The brown rice bran of the present invention can improve the production efficiency by being able to reduce the taste without sacrificing the fragrance and flavor of brown rice, and further by shortening the time required for the water absorption treatment in the rice bran production process. Is possible.
In addition, in the process of producing sprouting-treated brown rice to be used as a raw material, the savory taste, particularly the components of acupuncture, flow out during the sprouting process, and after the wet heat drying process, the savory flavor of brown rice increases.
[0020]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
The raw brown rice was washed with a rice washing machine and immersed in constant temperature water at 30 ° C. for 24 hours for germination treatment. Then, it was steamed at 98 ° C. for 4 minutes, followed by fluidized-bed drying at 100 ° C. to obtain dry germinated brown rice with a moisture content adjusted to 15%.
700 g of dry germinated brown rice was wet-polished, treated with water for a sufficient amount of water for about 60 minutes, and then sprinkled with rice and drained for 30 minutes. During the water absorption treatment, the water temperature was heated to 35 to 40 ° C. After draining the water, 350 ml of water was supplied to the boiler using a mochi mochi bakery (product number SPM-MP1) manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., and steamed for about 15 minutes. The fired potatoes were flattened with a stick, cooled in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. and hardened, and then the cut pieces were individually wrapped and evaluated. Individual wrapping was performed by using a laminated film of biaxially oriented polypropylene and polyethylene, folding the center of the rectangular film, and sealing three sides.
[0021]
Example 2
In the same manner as in Example 1, the dried germinated brown rice was sown, flattened with a paste bar, cooled and hardened in a refrigerator at 5 ° C., and then cut. The cut pieces were individually packaged in the same manner as in Example 1, and the openings were heat sealed, and then heat sterilized at 110 ° C. for 20 minutes. Thereafter, individual packaging was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 for evaluation.
[0022]
Example 3
The raw brown rice was washed with a rice washing machine and immersed in constant temperature water at 30 ° C. for 24 hours for germination treatment. Subsequently, fluidized bed drying at 100 ° C. was performed to obtain dried germinated brown rice with a moisture content adjusted to 15%.
In the same manner as in Example 1, the dried germinated brown rice was sown, flattened with a paste bar, cooled and hardened in a refrigerator at 5 ° C., and then cut. The cut pieces were individually packaged and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0023]
Example 4
The raw brown rice was washed with a rice washing machine and immersed in constant temperature water at 30 ° C. for 24 hours for germination treatment. Then, it was steamed at 98 ° C. for 4 minutes, followed by fluidized-bed drying at 100 ° C. to obtain dry germinated brown rice with a moisture content adjusted to 15%.
400 g of pulverized and dried pulverized dried brown rice was weighed. About 220 ml of water was added to the obtained brown rice flour, 300 ml of water was supplied to the boiler using a moisturizing bakery (product number SPM-MP1) manufactured by Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., and steamed for about 15 minutes. The fired candy was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0024]
Comparative Example 1
The raw brown rice was washed with a rice washing machine and immersed in constant temperature water at 30 ° C. for 24 hours for germination. Thereafter, it was treated with 1.05 kg / cm 2 of steam for 3 seconds, allowed to stand at room temperature, and packed in a plastic bag with a chuck to obtain germinated brown rice with a moisture content of 32%.
Rice bran was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 700 g of the germinated and treated brown rice was used in this manner, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
Comparative Example 2
Rice bran was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 700 g of brown rice was used instead of 700 g of dried germinated brown rice, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
Comparative Example 3
Rice bran was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 700 g of brown rice and brown rice was used instead of 700 g of dried germinated brown rice and the water absorption time was 24 hours.
[0025]
Evaluation was performed as follows.
Each bowl was baked for several minutes in an oven toaster and examined for taste. The finish of the candy was observed, and a sensory test was conducted on nine panelists (20's to 30's).
[0026]
The texture was evaluated as follows.
○: 6 or more panelists who answered good △: 3 to 5 panelists who answered good ×: 0 to 2 panelists who answered good [0027]
The taste was evaluated as follows.
○: 6 or more panelists answered that it was delicious △: 3 to 5 panelists answered that it was delicious ×: 0 to 2 panelists answered that it was delicious 【0028】
The flavor was evaluated as follows.
○: 6 or more panelists who responded fragrant △: 3 to 5 panelists who responded fragrant ×: 0 to 2 panelists who responded fragrant [0029]
The water content after cooking was measured by a normal pressure heating drying method (135 ° C., 3 hours).
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003724639
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As shown in Table 1, although brown rice was germinated, undried Comparative Example 1 has poor water absorption and poor moldability and flavor. The rice bran using the brown rice of Comparative Example 2 is in the form of grains and does not become cocoon-like, has poor texture and taste, and lacks aroma. Further, in Comparative Example 3, the taste is improved as compared with Comparative Example 2, but it takes time for the water absorption treatment and the production efficiency is poor.
On the other hand, Examples 1-4 using the sprouting-processed brown rice brown rice have no taste, and there is almost no problem in texture, taste, and flavor.
The brown rice bran of the present invention is excellent in texture and flavor, and further, when using germinated brown rice that has been dried after moist heat treatment, the taste is also excellent, and it is suitable as a healthy food widely consumed by ordinary people It is. Moreover, it is possible to shorten the water absorption processing time in the soot manufacturing process, and to improve the production efficiency.

Claims (4)

催芽処理を施した玄米を湿熱処理後乾燥し、BAP法で測定したα化度を30〜85%に調整した玄米を、製餅することを特徴とする玄米餅の製造法。A method for producing brown rice koji , characterized in that brown rice subjected to sprouting treatment is dried after wet heat treatment, and koji is produced by kneading brown rice having a degree of gelatinization measured by the BAP method adjusted to 30 to 85% . 催芽処理を施した玄米を湿熱処理後乾燥し、BAP法で測定したα化度を30〜85%に調整した玄米を、1〜4時間の吸水処理後、蒸煮して得た水分含量が40〜50(W/W)の吸水玄米を搗き、製餅することを特徴とする玄米餅の製造法。The brown rice subjected to the sprouting treatment was dried after wet heat treatment , and the moisture content obtained by steaming the brown rice adjusted to 30 to 85% of the alpha degree measured by the BAP method after 1 to 4 hours of water absorption treatment was 40 A method for producing brown rice bran , wherein 50 to 50 (W / W) water-absorbing brown rice is sown and kneaded . 請求項1又は2に記載の製造法で製餅することを特徴とする玄米餅。Brown rice bran that is kneaded by the production method according to claim 1 or 2. 製餅後に加熱処理したものである請求項3記載の玄米餅。The brown rice bran according to claim 3, which is heat-treated after koji making.
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