JP3693762B2 - Lead-free solder - Google Patents

Lead-free solder Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3693762B2
JP3693762B2 JP19762596A JP19762596A JP3693762B2 JP 3693762 B2 JP3693762 B2 JP 3693762B2 JP 19762596 A JP19762596 A JP 19762596A JP 19762596 A JP19762596 A JP 19762596A JP 3693762 B2 JP3693762 B2 JP 3693762B2
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Prior art keywords
weight
solder
lead
free solder
solder alloy
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JP19762596A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1034376A (en
Inventor
英雄 茶木
利明 小倉
陽三 吉浦
俊之 盛林
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株式会社ニホンゲンマ
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はPbを含まないはんだ付け用の無鉛はんだ合金に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来のはんだはSn(スズ)をベースとし、またはSn+Bi(ビスマス)を配合したものをベースとして、これにPb(鉛)を加えた合金が用いられて来た。Pbは合金中に於いてSnの融点232℃を下げる作用をし、Pbを37重量%配合した合金は融点が183℃の共晶はんだを形成し、その適切な融点のため広く使用されてきた。このようにPbははんだ合金組成において不可欠の成分であった。
【0003】
しかしPbは人畜にとって有害な元素であり、Pbを含むはんだが廃棄されると、Pb成分が酸性雨等により徐々に溶け出し、地下水中に浸透するなどの重大な環境汚染を引き起こすことは明らかである。このようなPbによる環境汚染を防止すべきであるという世界的な要請に応えるために、はんだ業界を中心に、Pbを含まない無鉛はんだの研究が進められ、既に多くの技術が開示されてきている。これらの技術においては、Pbの働きを代替するために、銀(Ag)、ビスマス(Bi)、アンチモン(Sb)、亜鉛(Zn)、カドミウム(Cd)、銅(Cu)、マグネシウム(Mg)、ニッケル(Ni)、チタン(Ti)、インジウム(Ti)等が組み合わせて使用されている。しかし、これらの元素の中には、有毒なものや極めて高価なものもあり、しかも必ずしも十分にPbの果していた機能を代替するものではなかった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、Pbを含まず、しかもPb含有はんだ合金のもっていた特性をできるだけ保持した、特に耐熱疲労特性に優れた無鉛はんだ合金を提供するものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の無鉛はんだは、上記課題を解決するため、その成分がBi0.1〜10重量%、Ag0.1〜5重量%、Cu0.05〜2重量%、Ni0.005〜0.1重量%、P0.003〜0.01重量%および残部がSnからなることを特徴とする。さらに本発明は、上記組成にIn0.01〜0.5重量%を添加したはんだ合金に関する。また本発明は、上記はんだ合金の粉末を含有するクリームはんだ、上記はんだ合金を用いた成形はんだおよび上記はんだ合金を用いたヤニ入りはんだを含む。
【0006】
本発明のはんだは上記構成をとることにより、有害なPbをまったく含有することなく、優れた特性を発現することができる。以下にそれぞれの構成元素のはんだ特性に及ぼす特徴を説明する。
Snははんだ合金の主成分であり、それ自体毒性がなく、接合母材へのヌレ性に優れるという特性を有し、はんだ基材として不可欠な成分である。
SnにAgを添加することにより、機械的特性を改善することおよび融点を低下させることができる。Agの配合量は、はんだ合金中0.1〜5重量%、好ましくは0.7〜3重量%である。0.1重量%より少ない場合はその効果は不十分であり、5重量%を越えると溶融温度が高くなり、またコスト面でも不利となる。
【0007】
SnにAgを添加したものにBiを添加すると、機械的強度が向上し、溶融温度を低下させることができる。Biの配合量は0.1〜10重量%、好ましくは0.5〜5重量%である。Biの配合量が0.1重量%より低いとその効果は不十分であり、10重量%より多いと機械的強度は向上するが、機械的伸びが極端に低下し、熱疲労が起きやすい。
SnにAg、Biを添加したものに更にCuを添加すると、機械的強度と耐疲労強度を改善することができる。Cuは配合物中0.05〜2重量%添加する。0.05重量%より少ないとその効果は少なく、2重量%より多くなると溶融温度が上昇し、従来の使用条件では使用できなかったり、また基板に搭載された部品に熱的損傷を与える。
【0008】
本発明の特徴は特にPおよびNiの配合による優れた効果の発現である。Pははんだの耐熱疲労特性と機械的特性(強度および伸び)を改善することができる。しかもこれらの特性はPの配合量の増加と共に著しく改良される。Pの配合量は0.003〜0.01重量%である。配合量が0.003重量%未満ではその効果はなく、0.01重量%を越えると機械的強度は改善されるが、溶融したはんだの表面張力が大きくなり、大気中でのヌレに問題が生じる。またNiを添加することにより、耐熱疲労特性がより向上することが判明した。その効果はNiをPとともに配合することにより一層顕著となる。Niの配合量は0.005〜0.1重量%である。0.005重量%より少ない場合はその効果はなく、0.1重量%より多い場合は熱疲労特性の向上は少なくなる。Inも耐熱疲労特性と機械的特性を改良することができる。Inを配合することにより他の特性を損なうことなくこれらの特性を改善する。Inの配合量ははんだ組成物中0.01〜0.5重量%、好ましくは0.01〜0.3重量%である。0.01重量%より少ないとその効果は現れず、0.5重量%より多いと酸化物の生成が多くなって好ましくない。本発明はSn、Ag、Bi、Cu、Ni、Pを上記範囲に設定することにより、従来のSn−Ag、Sn−Zn、Sn−Sb系の無鉛はんだよりも熱疲労特性に優れた無鉛はんだを提供することができる。
【0009】
本発明の組成の金属原料からはんだ合金を得るには、通常のはんだの製造方法を用いて行えばよい。
本発明のはんだ合金を含有するクリームはんだを得るには、一般に行われているように、はんだ合金を粉末化して粉末はんだとし、これをロジン等の適切な樹脂、グリコール類、多価アルコール類等の溶媒を主成分とし、更に活性剤、粘度調整剤および酸化防止剤などの添加剤を含有するフラックスとともに常法により均一に混練して得ることができる。
成形はんだおよびヤニ入りはんだの業界で公知の一般な方法で作成することができる。
【0010】
【実施例】
実施例 1〜3
表1に記載した組成の各金属原料を400℃で20分間溶融して均一な合金とした。
得られた合金を以下に示す評価方法を採用して、引張強度および伸び、ヌレ性(ヌレ時間およびヌレ応力)および耐熱疲労特性を評価した。
これらの結果を表1および表2に示した。
【0011】
比較例 1〜6
表1に記載した組成で比較例1〜6のはんだを作成した。
比較例1〜6のはんだについても実施例と同じようにその特性を評価し、結果を表1および2に示した。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003693762
【0013】
【表2】
Figure 0003693762
【0014】
〔はんだ合金の評価方法〕
引張強度および伸び:
はんだ合金を400℃に保持し、270℃に加熱した黒鉛製の鋳型に流し込み、6℃/秒で冷却して、図1に示す形状の引張試験片を得た。この試験片を常温で5mm/分の引張速度で引張試験を行い、破断時の伸びと強度を求めた。
ヌレ特性(銅に対して):
メニスコグラフ法により、230〜270℃でのヌレ時間およびヌレ応力を評価した。
ヌレ時間:(ヌレ時間の評価法、および判定基準について)
ヌレ応力:(ヌレ応力の 〃 〃 )
【0015】
熱疲労特性:
はんだ合金を100mm×100mm×1.8mmの紙フェノール基板(裏面:銅箔)上に8ピンのコネクター8個を250℃ではんだ付けした。この取り付け態様は図2に示すとおりである。この試料を+80℃(30分)〜−40℃(30分)を1サイクルとし熱衝撃試験にかけ、500サイクルまで50サイクル毎にクラックの発生したピンの本数を調べた。次の式により、クラック発生率を表した。
(クラック発生率)=(クラックの発生したピンの本数)/(全ピン数)
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明の無鉛はんだ合金は、全く鉛を含有せず、熱疲労特性に優れ、はんだ付け性も良好である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 はんだの引張特性評価用試験片形状を示す平面および側面図。
【図2】 はんだの熱衝撃試験評価用試験片の取り付け態様を示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
1:はんだ 2:ランド部(銅箔)
3:フェノール樹脂基板 4:コネクター樹脂
5:ピン[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lead-free solder alloy for soldering that does not contain Pb.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional solders are based on Sn (tin) or Sn + Bi (bismuth), and alloys with Pb (lead) added thereto have been used. Pb acts to lower the melting point 232 ° C of Sn in the alloy, and an alloy containing 37% by weight of Pb forms a eutectic solder having a melting point of 183 ° C and has been widely used for its proper melting point. . Thus, Pb was an indispensable component in the solder alloy composition.
[0003]
However, Pb is an element harmful to humans, and it is clear that when solder containing Pb is discarded, the Pb component gradually dissolves due to acid rain and causes serious environmental pollution such as penetration into groundwater. is there. In order to respond to the global demand that such environmental contamination by Pb should be prevented, lead-free solder not containing Pb has been researched mainly by the solder industry, and many technologies have already been disclosed. Yes. In these technologies, in order to replace the function of Pb, silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), Nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), indium (Ti), etc. are used in combination. However, some of these elements are toxic and extremely expensive, and they are not necessarily a substitute for the function that Pb has sufficiently fulfilled.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a lead-free solder alloy that does not contain Pb and that retains the characteristics of the Pb-containing solder alloy as much as possible, and that is particularly excellent in thermal fatigue resistance.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the lead-free solder of the present invention is composed of Bi 0.1 to 10% by weight, Ag 0.1 to 5% by weight, Cu 0.05 to 2 % by weight, Ni 0.005 to 0.1% by weight. %, P 0.003 to 0.01% by weight, and the balance is Sn. Furthermore, this invention relates to the solder alloy which added In0.01-0.5 weight% to the said composition. The present invention also includes cream solder containing the solder alloy powder, molded solder using the solder alloy, and spear-containing solder using the solder alloy.
[0006]
The solder of this invention can express the outstanding characteristic, without containing harmful Pb at all by taking the said structure. The characteristics of each constituent element on the solder characteristics will be described below.
Sn is a main component of the solder alloy, has no property of being toxic per se, and has excellent properties of sag to the bonding base material, and is an essential component as a solder base.
By adding Ag to Sn, mechanical properties can be improved and the melting point can be lowered. The compounding amount of Ag is 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.7 to 3% by weight in the solder alloy. If the amount is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect is insufficient. If the amount exceeds 5% by weight, the melting temperature becomes high and the cost is disadvantageous.
[0007]
When Bi is added to Sn added with Ag, the mechanical strength is improved and the melting temperature can be lowered. The compounding amount of Bi is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight. If the amount of Bi is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect is insufficient, and if it is more than 10% by weight, the mechanical strength is improved, but the mechanical elongation is extremely lowered and thermal fatigue tends to occur.
When Cu is further added to Sn added with Ag and Bi, mechanical strength and fatigue strength can be improved. Cu is added in an amount of 0.05 to 2% by weight in the blend. If the amount is less than 0.05% by weight, the effect is small. If the amount is more than 2% by weight, the melting temperature rises, and it cannot be used under the conventional use conditions, or the components mounted on the board are thermally damaged.
[0008]
The feature of the present invention is the expression of an excellent effect especially by the combination of P and Ni. P can improve the heat fatigue resistance and mechanical properties (strength and elongation) of the solder. Moreover, these characteristics are remarkably improved as the amount of P is increased. The amount of P is 0.003 to 0.01% by weight. If the blending amount is less than 0.003 % by weight, the effect is not obtained. If the blending amount exceeds 0.01% by weight, the mechanical strength is improved, but the surface tension of the molten solder becomes large, and there is a problem with dampness in the atmosphere. Arise. It has also been found that the heat fatigue resistance is further improved by adding Ni. The effect becomes even more remarkable when Ni is blended with P. The blending amount of Ni is 0.005 to 0.1% by weight. When the amount is less than 0.005 % by weight, the effect is not obtained. In can also improve the heat fatigue resistance and mechanical properties. By blending In, these properties are improved without compromising other properties. The amount of In is 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.3% by weight in the solder composition. If the amount is less than 0.01% by weight, the effect does not appear. In the present invention, by setting Sn, Ag, Bi, Cu, Ni, and P in the above ranges, the lead-free solder is superior in thermal fatigue characteristics to conventional Sn-Ag, Sn-Zn, Sn-Sb lead-free solders. Can be provided.
[0009]
In order to obtain a solder alloy from the metal raw material having the composition of the present invention, a normal solder manufacturing method may be used.
In order to obtain a cream solder containing the solder alloy of the present invention, the solder alloy is pulverized into powder solder as is generally done, and this is an appropriate resin such as rosin, glycols, polyhydric alcohols, etc. And a flux containing an additive such as an activator, a viscosity modifier and an antioxidant, and kneaded uniformly by a conventional method.
It can be produced by a general method known in the field of molded solder and solder containing solder.
[0010]
【Example】
Example 1-3
Each metal raw material having the composition described in Table 1 was melted at 400 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a uniform alloy.
The obtained alloy was evaluated for tensile strength and elongation, wettability (wet time and stress) and thermal fatigue characteristics by employing the following evaluation methods.
These results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0011]
Comparative example 1-6
Solders of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were prepared with the compositions described in Table 1.
The characteristics of the solders of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were evaluated in the same manner as in Examples, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003693762
[0013]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003693762
[0014]
[Evaluation method of solder alloy]
Tensile strength and elongation:
The solder alloy was held at 400 ° C. and poured into a graphite mold heated to 270 ° C. and cooled at 6 ° C./second to obtain a tensile test piece having the shape shown in FIG. The test piece was subjected to a tensile test at a normal temperature and a tensile rate of 5 mm / min to obtain elongation and strength at break.
Nure characteristics (relative to copper):
The wet time and wet stress at 230 to 270 ° C. were evaluated by the meniscograph method.
Nure time: (Nule time evaluation method and criteria)
Nure stress: (Nule stress 〃 〃)
[0015]
Thermal fatigue properties:
Eight 8-pin connectors were soldered at 250 ° C. on a 100 mm × 100 mm × 1.8 mm paper phenol substrate (back surface: copper foil). This attachment mode is as shown in FIG. This sample was subjected to a thermal shock test with one cycle of + 80 ° C. (30 minutes) to −40 ° C. (30 minutes), and the number of pins with cracks every 50 cycles was examined up to 500 cycles. The crack generation rate was expressed by the following formula.
(Crack occurrence rate) = (Number of pins with cracks) / (Total number of pins)
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
The lead-free solder alloy of the present invention does not contain lead at all, has excellent thermal fatigue characteristics, and good solderability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view and a side view showing the shape of a test piece for evaluating the tensile properties of solder.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing how to attach a test piece for evaluation of thermal shock test of solder.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Solder 2: Land part (copper foil)
3: Phenol resin substrate 4: Connector resin 5: Pin

Claims (7)

Bi0.1〜10重量%、Ag0.1〜5重量%、Cu0.05〜2重量%、Ni0.005〜0.1重量%、P0.003〜0.01重量%および残部がSnからなる無鉛はんだ合金。Bi 0.1 to 10% by weight, Ag 0.1 to 5% by weight, Cu 0.05 to 2 % by weight, Ni 0.005 to 0.1% by weight, P 0.003 to 0.01% by weight, and the balance from Sn Lead-free solder alloy. 更にIn0.01〜0.5重量%を添加した請求項1記載の無鉛はんだ合金。  The lead-free solder alloy according to claim 1, further comprising In 0.01 to 0.5% by weight. 請求項1または2記載の無鉛はんだ合金の粉末を含有するクリームはんだ。  A cream solder containing the lead-free solder alloy powder according to claim 1. 請求項1または2記載の無鉛はんだ合金を用いた成形はんだ。  Molded solder using the lead-free solder alloy according to claim 1 or 2. 請求項1または2記載の無鉛はんだ合金を用いたヤニ入りはんだ。  Solder containing solder using the lead-free solder alloy according to claim 1 or 2. 請求項1記載の無塩はんだ合金を用いた基板。  A substrate using the salt-free solder alloy according to claim 1. 請求項1記載の無塩はんだ合金を用いた電子製品。  An electronic product using the salt-free solder alloy according to claim 1.
JP19762596A 1996-07-26 1996-07-26 Lead-free solder Expired - Fee Related JP3693762B2 (en)

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