JP3689289B2 - Slurries and electrodes for electrode formation of electric double layer capacitors - Google Patents

Slurries and electrodes for electrode formation of electric double layer capacitors Download PDF

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JP3689289B2
JP3689289B2 JP30581499A JP30581499A JP3689289B2 JP 3689289 B2 JP3689289 B2 JP 3689289B2 JP 30581499 A JP30581499 A JP 30581499A JP 30581499 A JP30581499 A JP 30581499A JP 3689289 B2 JP3689289 B2 JP 3689289B2
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electrode
cmc
activated carbon
electric double
double layer
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JP2001126966A (en
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顕一 村上
享宏 竹下
尚彦 沖
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to DE10039174A priority patent/DE10039174B4/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrode-forming slurry and an electrode in an electric double-layer capacitor for uniformly distributing meso-phase activated carbon and obtaining an electrode of high strength. SOLUTION: An electrode-forming slurry is for use in doctor blade method and contains mesophase activated carbon and carboxymethylcellulose(CMC), and the degree of etherification of CMC is set in the range of 0.6<=De<=0.9.

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電気二重層コンデンサの電極形成用スラリ,特に,ドクターブレード法の適用下で電極を形成する場合に用いられるスラリおよびその電極に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来,この種のスラリは,活性炭,導電フィラおよびバインダの外に,増粘剤として添加されたCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム)を含んでいる。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記活性炭としては,その静電容量の増加を狙って,メソフェーズピッチを原料とする活性炭,即ち,メソフェーズ活性炭を用いることが考えられるが,このメソフェーズ活性炭は高い水分吸収能を有するためスラリ中において凝集し易く,凝集塊を生じた場合には,電極厚さ,電極密度が不均一となり,電極性能がばらつくだけでなく電極強度も低下する,といった問題を生じる。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は,CMCとして特定のものを用いることによってメソフェーズ活性炭を均一若しくは略均一に分散させ,また強度の高い電極を得ることができる前記スラリを提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
前記目的を達成するため本発明によれば,メソフェーズ活性炭およびCMCを含み,CMCのエーテル化度Deが0.65≦De≦0.75であり且つ粘度ηが6500mPa・s≦η≦8000mPa・sであることを特徴とする,電気二重層コンデンサの電極形成用スラリが提供される。
【0006】
前記のようなCMCを用いると,高い水分吸収能を有してスラリ中において凝集し易いメソフェーズ活性炭の,スラリ中での分散性を良好にして,それによる電極強度向上効果とCMC自体,つまりカルボキシメチル基が発揮する電極強度向上効果とを得ることができる。したがって前記スラリによれば,ドクターブレード法の適用下での電極の生産性を向上させ,また高い静電容量と,優れた耐久性を有する電極を得ることが可能である。
【0007】
ただし,CMCのエーテル化度DeがDe<0.6ではメソフェーズ活性炭の分散性は良いが,カルボキシメチル基の量が少ないため電極強度が低く,一方,De>0.9では,カルボキシメチル基の量が多くなるので本来電極強度は高くなるはずであるが,メソフェーズ活性炭の分散性が悪くなるため,結果的に,電極強度が低下する。
【0008】
また分極性電極の耐久性の観点からはCMCの配合量は少ない方がよいが,特に本発明のようにエーテル化度Deが0.65≦De≦0.75で,且つ粘度ηが6500mPa ・s≦η≦8000mPa・sであるCMCを用いると,その配合量を抑えることができる。
【0009】
また本発明は,特定のCMCを用いた強度の高い電極を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
前記目的を達成するため本発明によれば,メソフェーズ活性炭およびCMCを含み,CMCのエーテル化度Deが0.65≦De≦0.75であり且つ粘度ηが6500mPa・s≦η≦8000mPa・sである電極形成用スラリを集電体に塗布して,その塗膜を乾燥することにより形成されたことを特徴とする,電気二重層コンデンサの電極が提供される。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1,2において,円筒型電気二重層コンデンサ1は,Al製容器2と,その容器2内に収容された電極巻回体3と,その容器2内に注入された電解液とを有する。容器2は有底筒形本体4と,その一端開口部を閉鎖する端子板5とよりなり,その端子板5に正,負端子6,7と安全弁8とが設けられている。
【0012】
電極巻回体3は,正極積層帯9と負極積層帯10とを有する。その正極積層帯9は,アルミ箔よりなる帯状集電体11の両面に,それぞれ帯状分極性電極eを形成し,一方の帯状分極性電極eにPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)よりなる第1のセパレータ13を重ね合せたものである。これら一対の分極性電極eにより帯状正極12が構成される。また第1のセパレータ13に電解液が含浸保持される。負極積層帯10は,アルミ箔よりなる帯状集電体14の両面に,それぞれ帯状分極性電極eを形成し,一方の帯状分極性電極eにPTFEよりなる第2のセパレータ16を重ね合せたものである。これら一対の分極性電極eにより帯状負極15が構成される。また第2のセパレータ16に電解液が含浸保持される。
【0013】
電解巻回体3の製造に当っては,正極積層帯9の,露出している分極性電極eに負極積層帯10の第2のセパレータ16を重ね合せ,その重ね合せ物を,正極積層帯9の第1のセパレータ13が最外側に位置するように渦巻き状に巻回するものである。
【0014】
各帯状分極性電極eは,電極形成用スラリをドクターブレード法の適用下で帯状集電体11,14にそれぞれ塗布し,その塗膜を乾燥することによって形成されたものである。 電極形成用スラリは,活性炭,導電フィラおよびバインダの外に増粘剤として添加されたCMCを含んでいる。活性炭としては,メソフェーズピッチを原料とするメソフェーズ活性炭が用いられ,これはアルカリ賦活処理を施されている。導電フィラとしては黒鉛粉末が,またバインダとしてはPTFEおよびSBR(スチレンブタジエンラバー)がそれぞれ用いられている。
【0015】
CMCは,図3に示す化学構造を有し,この化学構造において,OH基はメソフェーズ活性炭の分散性に寄与し,一方,カルボキシメチル基は電極強度に寄与する。図3においては,無水グルコース1単位の1個のOH基が1個のカルボキシメチル基により置換されているので,このCMCのエーテル化度DeはDe=1である。従って,エーテル化度Deは,CMCの重合度がnであって,CMC全体におけるカルボキシメチル基の数がaであるときDe=a/nとなる。故に,De=0.6とは,CMC中に,OH基をカルボキシメチル基により置換されていない無水グルコースが含まれていることを意味する。
【0016】
CMCの配合量は,メソフェーズ活性炭の分散性および電極強度向上の観点から,メソフェーズ活性炭,黒鉛粉末,PTFEおよびSBRといった固形分ならびにCMCの配合量の和を100wt%としたとき,0.5wt%≦CMC≦3.0wt%に設定される。ただし,CMC<0.5wt%ではメソフェーズ活性炭が凝集し,一方,CMC>3.0wt%では分極性電極eの耐久性が低下する。このようにCMCの配合量の範囲を定めることができるが,分極性電極eの耐久性の観点からはCMCの配合量は少ない方がよく,例えばエーテル化度Deが0.65≦De≦0.75で,且つ1%CMC水溶液の粘度ηが6500mPa・s≦η≦8000mPa・sであるCMCを用いると,その配合量を約0.5wt%に抑えることができる。
【0017】
以下,具体例について説明する。先ず,次のような配合物を調製した。
【0018】
メソフェーズ活性炭 85wt%
黒鉛粉末 7wt%
PTFE 6wt%
SBR 1wt%
CMC 1wt%
次に,この配合物30wt%と水70wt%とを混合し,この混合物を十分に攪拌して電極形成用スラリを調製した。CMCとしては,そのエーテル化度Deが0.5≦De≦1.2の範囲にあるものを使用した。
【0019】
前記スラリを用い,ドクターブレード法の適用下で,アルミ箔ロールから繰出された厚さ40μmの帯状物の一面にスラリを塗布し,次いでそのスラリを乾燥させて厚さ280μmの分極性電極eを形成した。また同様の方法で帯状物の他面にスラリを塗布し,次いでそのスラリを乾燥させて厚さ280μmの分極性電極eを形成した。
【0020】
前記各種スラリにおけるメソフェーズ活性炭の分散性および各分極性電極eの電極強度を調べたところ,表1の結果を得た。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0003689289
【0022】
表1の分散性の欄において,「良」は前記凝集塊が無い場合に,「可」は多少の凝集塊は在るが実用上問題無い場合に,「不可」は凝集塊が多いため実用性が無い場合にそれぞれ該当する。また電極強度の欄において,「高」は電極巻回体3と同様の撓みにより分極性電極eにクラックが生じなかった場合に,「低」は前記クラックが生じた場合にそれぞれ該当する。表1より,エーテル化度Deが0.6≦De≦0.9(特に0.65≦De≦0.75)のCMCを用いることの意義が明らかである。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
発明によれば,電気二重層コンデンサの電極形成用スラリが,メソフェーズ活性炭およびCMCを含み,そのCMCのエーテル化度Deが0.65≦De≦0.75であり且 つ粘度ηが6500mPa・s≦η≦8000mPa・sであるので,高い水分吸収能を有してスラリ中において凝集し易いメソフェーズ活性炭を,スラリ中で均一若しくは略均一に分散させることができ,しかもドクターブレード法の適用下で強度の高い電極を得ることが可能となる。それらの結果,ドクターブレード法の適用下での電極の生産性を向上させ,また高い静電容量と,優れた耐久性を有する電極を得ることが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 円筒型電気二重層コンデンサの要部破断斜視図である。
【図2】 図1の2−2線断面図である。
【図3】 CMCの化学式である。
【符号の説明】
1………………円筒型電気二重層コンデンサ
2………………容器
3………………電極巻回体
11,14……帯状集電体
12……………帯状正極
15……………帯状負極
13,16……セパレータ
e………………分極性電極[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a slurry for forming an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor, and more particularly to a slurry used for forming an electrode under application of a doctor blade method and the electrode.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, this type of slurry includes CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) added as a thickener in addition to activated carbon, conductive filler and binder.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As the activated carbon, it is conceivable to use activated carbon that uses mesophase pitch as a raw material, that is, mesophase activated carbon in order to increase its capacitance. In the case where agglomerates are formed, the electrode thickness and the electrode density become non-uniform, causing problems that not only the electrode performance varies but also the electrode strength decreases.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An object of the present invention is to provide the slurry that can disperse mesophase activated carbon uniformly or substantially uniformly by using a specific CMC and obtain an electrode having high strength.
[0005]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, mesophase activated carbon and CMC are included, the degree of etherification De of CMC is 0.65 ≦ De ≦ 0.75, and the viscosity η is 6500 mPa · s ≦ η ≦ 8000 mPa · s. An electrode forming slurry for an electric double layer capacitor is provided.
[0006]
When the CMC as described above is used, the mesophase activated carbon having a high water absorption ability and easily agglomerated in the slurry is improved in dispersibility in the slurry , thereby improving the electrode strength and the CMC itself, that is, carboxy. The effect of improving the electrode strength exhibited by the methyl group can be obtained. Therefore, according to the slurry, it is possible to improve the productivity of the electrode under the application of the doctor blade method, and to obtain an electrode having a high capacitance and excellent durability.
[0007]
However, when the degree of etherification De of CMC is De <0.6, the dispersibility of the mesophase activated carbon is good, but the electrode strength is low because the amount of carboxymethyl group is small, whereas when De> 0.9, the carboxymethyl group The electrode strength should increase originally because the amount increases, but the dispersibility of mesophase activated carbon deteriorates, resulting in a decrease in electrode strength.
[0008]
Further, from the viewpoint of durability of the polarizable electrode, it is preferable that the amount of CMC is small. In particular, as in the present invention, the degree of etherification De is 0.65 ≦ De ≦ 0.75 and the viscosity η is 6500 mPa · If CMC satisfying s ≦ η ≦ 8000 mPa · s is used, the blending amount can be suppressed.
[0009]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high strength electrode using a specific CMC.
[0010]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, mesophase activated carbon and CMC are included, the degree of etherification De of CMC is 0.65 ≦ De ≦ 0.75, and the viscosity η is 6500 mPa · s ≦ η ≦ 8000 mPa · s. An electrode for an electric double layer capacitor is provided, wherein the electrode forming slurry is applied to a current collector and the coating film is dried .
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 and 2, a cylindrical electric double layer capacitor 1 has an Al container 2, an electrode winding body 3 accommodated in the container 2, and an electrolytic solution injected into the container 2. The container 2 includes a bottomed cylindrical main body 4 and a terminal plate 5 that closes an opening at one end thereof. Positive and negative terminals 6 and 7 and a safety valve 8 are provided on the terminal plate 5.
[0012]
The electrode winding body 3 has a positive electrode laminate band 9 and a negative electrode laminate band 10. In the positive electrode laminated band 9, a band-shaped polarizable electrode e is formed on both surfaces of a band-shaped current collector 11 made of aluminum foil, and a first band-shaped polarizable electrode e is made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). The separator 13 is superposed. The pair of polarizable electrodes e constitutes a strip-like positive electrode 12. Further, the first separator 13 is impregnated and held with the electrolytic solution. The negative electrode laminated band 10 is formed by forming a band-shaped polarizable electrode e on both surfaces of a band-shaped current collector 14 made of aluminum foil, and overlapping one band-shaped polarizable electrode e with a second separator 16 made of PTFE. It is. The pair of polarizable electrodes e constitutes a strip-like negative electrode 15. Further, the second separator 16 is impregnated and held with the electrolytic solution.
[0013]
In the production of the electrolytic winding body 3, the second separator 16 of the negative electrode multilayer strip 10 is superimposed on the exposed polarizable electrode e of the positive electrode multilayer strip 9, and the superposed product is used as the positive electrode multilayer strip. Nine first separators 13 are spirally wound so as to be located on the outermost side.
[0014]
Each of the strip-shaped polarizable electrodes e is formed by applying a slurry for electrode formation to the strip-shaped current collectors 11 and 14 under the application of a doctor blade method, and drying the coating film. The slurry for electrode formation contains CMC added as a thickener in addition to activated carbon, a conductive filler, and a binder. As the activated carbon, mesophase activated carbon made from mesophase pitch is used, which has been subjected to alkali activation treatment. Graphite powder is used as the conductive filler, and PTFE and SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) are used as the binder.
[0015]
CMC has the chemical structure shown in FIG. 3, in which OH groups contribute to the dispersibility of mesophase activated carbon, while carboxymethyl groups contribute to electrode strength. In FIG. 3, since one OH group of one unit of anhydroglucose is substituted with one carboxymethyl group, the degree of etherification De of this CMC is De = 1. Therefore, the degree of etherification De is De = a / n when the degree of polymerization of CMC is n and the number of carboxymethyl groups in the entire CMC is a. Therefore, De = 0.6 means that CMC contains anhydroglucose whose OH group is not substituted with a carboxymethyl group.
[0016]
From the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of mesophase activated carbon and electrode strength, the amount of CMC blended is 0.5 wt% ≦ when the sum of the solid content of mesophase activated carbon, graphite powder, PTFE and SBR, and the amount of CMC blended is 100 wt%. CMC ≦ 3.0 wt% is set. However, when CMC <0.5 wt%, the mesophase activated carbon aggregates, while when CMC> 3.0 wt%, the durability of the polarizable electrode e decreases. Thus, the range of the amount of CMC can be determined, but from the viewpoint of the durability of the polarizable electrode e, the amount of CMC should be small. For example, the degree of etherification De is 0.65 ≦ De ≦ 0. When the CMC is 1.75 and the viscosity η of the 1% CMC aqueous solution is 6500 mPa · s ≦ η ≦ 8000 mPa · s, the blending amount can be suppressed to about 0.5 wt%.
[0017]
Specific examples will be described below. First, the following formulation was prepared.
[0018]
Mesophase activated carbon 85wt%
Graphite powder 7wt%
PTFE 6wt%
SBR 1wt%
CMC 1wt%
Next, 30 wt% of this mixture and 70 wt% of water were mixed, and this mixture was sufficiently stirred to prepare a slurry for electrode formation. As CMC, those having a degree of etherification De in the range of 0.5 ≦ De ≦ 1.2 were used.
[0019]
Using the slurry, under the application of the doctor blade method, the slurry is applied to one surface of a 40 μm thick strip fed from an aluminum foil roll, and then the slurry is dried to form a polarizable electrode e having a thickness of 280 μm. Formed. Further, a slurry was applied to the other surface of the strip in the same manner, and then the slurry was dried to form a polarizable electrode e having a thickness of 280 μm.
[0020]
When the dispersibility of mesophase activated carbon and the electrode strength of each polarizable electrode e in the various slurries were examined, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003689289
[0022]
In the column of dispersibility in Table 1, “Good” indicates that there is no agglomerate, “Yes” indicates that there is some agglomerate but there is no practical problem, and “No” indicates that there are many agglomerates. Applicable when there is no sex. In the column of the electrode strength, “high” corresponds to the case where no crack occurs in the polarizable electrode e due to the same bending as the electrode winding body 3, and “low” corresponds to the case where the crack occurs. From Table 1, the significance of using CMC having an etherification degree De of 0.6 ≦ De ≦ 0.9 (particularly 0.65 ≦ De ≦ 0.75) is clear.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an electric double layer slurry for forming an electrode of the capacitor comprises a mesophase activated carbon and CMC,且 one viscosity η is 6500 mPa · etherification degree De of the CMC is 0.65 ≦ De ≦ 0.75 because it is s ≦ η ≦ 8000mPa · s, a high a water absorption capacity aggregation prone mesophase activated carbon in the slurry, can Rukoto are uniformly or substantially uniformly dispersed in the slurry, yet the application of a doctor blade method It becomes possible to obtain an electrode with high strength below . As a result, it is possible to improve the productivity of the electrode under the application of the doctor blade method, and to obtain an electrode having high capacitance and excellent durability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of a main part of a cylindrical electric double layer capacitor.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a chemical formula of CMC.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 .................. Cylinder-type electric double layer capacitor 2 .................. Container 3 ……………… Electrode winding body 11,14 ...... Strip-shaped collector 12 ............... Strip-shaped positive electrode 15 …………… Striped negative electrode 13, 16 …… Separator e ……………… Polarizable electrode

Claims (2)

メソフェーズ活性炭およびCMCを含み,CMCのエーテル化度Deが0.65≦De≦0.75であり且つ粘度ηが6500mPa・s≦η≦8000mPa・sであることを特徴とする電気二重層コンデンサの電極形成用スラリ。An electric double layer capacitor comprising mesophase activated carbon and CMC, wherein the degree of etherification De of CMC is 0.65 ≦ De ≦ 0.75 and the viscosity η is 6500 mPa · s ≦ η ≦ 8000 mPa · s Electrode forming slurry. メソフェーズ活性炭およびCMCを含み,CMCのエーテル化度Deが0.65≦De≦0.75であり且つ粘度ηが6500mPa・s≦η≦8000mPa・sである電極形成用スラリを集電体に塗布して,その塗膜を乾燥することにより形成されたことを特徴とする,電気二重層コンデンサの電極。An electrode-forming slurry containing mesophase activated carbon and CMC, having an etherification degree De of CMC of 0.65 ≦ De ≦ 0.75 and a viscosity η of 6500 mPa · s ≦ η ≦ 8000 mPa · s is applied to the current collector An electrode of an electric double layer capacitor, characterized by being formed by drying the coating film .
JP30581499A 1999-08-10 1999-10-27 Slurries and electrodes for electrode formation of electric double layer capacitors Expired - Fee Related JP3689289B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP30581499A JP3689289B2 (en) 1999-10-27 1999-10-27 Slurries and electrodes for electrode formation of electric double layer capacitors
US09/635,235 US6800222B1 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-09 Electrode for electric double-layer capacitor, and slurry for forming the same
DE10039174A DE10039174B4 (en) 1999-08-10 2000-08-10 Electrode for an electric double layer capacitor and slurry for forming the same
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US8877375B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2014-11-04 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Aqueous active material composition, electrode, and rechargeable lithium battery using the same

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KR100476300B1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2005-03-15 한국과학기술원 Electrode of Electric Double Layer Capacitor
JP4660239B2 (en) * 2005-03-25 2011-03-30 国立大学法人信州大学 Electrode for electric double layer capacitor
JP2008041793A (en) * 2006-08-03 2008-02-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Electric double layer capacitor, and manufacturing method of its electrode
US20110204284A1 (en) * 2010-02-25 2011-08-25 Renee Kelly Duncan Carbon electrode batch materials and methods of using the same
CN107720747B (en) * 2017-10-31 2020-02-14 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 Preparation method of mesoporous-asphalt-based spherical activated carbon

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8877375B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2014-11-04 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Aqueous active material composition, electrode, and rechargeable lithium battery using the same

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