JP3678362B2 - Method for producing fermented carrot containing saponin degradation products - Google Patents

Method for producing fermented carrot containing saponin degradation products Download PDF

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JP3678362B2
JP3678362B2 JP2002213330A JP2002213330A JP3678362B2 JP 3678362 B2 JP3678362 B2 JP 3678362B2 JP 2002213330 A JP2002213330 A JP 2002213330A JP 2002213330 A JP2002213330 A JP 2002213330A JP 3678362 B2 JP3678362 B2 JP 3678362B2
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ginseng
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saponin
hasegawa
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長谷川秀夫
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長谷川 秀夫
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P33/00Preparation of steroids
    • C12P33/20Preparation of steroids containing heterocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/10Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof

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  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、人参(ginseng)をラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株(FERM BP−10123)により発酵して得られる発酵人参であって、当該発酵人参中にサポニン分解物、すなわち、20S−プロトパナキサジオール20−O−β−D−グルコピラノサイド(20S−protopanaxadiol 20−O−β−D−glucopyranoside)(以下M1という)並びに(20S−protopanaxatriol)(以下M4という)を含有することを特徴とする発酵人参の製造法を提供するものである。
【0002】
【従来技術】
人参は、多様な効能ゆえに、古来より万能薬として珍重されてきた。ところで、人参中の有効成分であるジンセノサイド(ginsenoside)とよばれる人参サポニンは、グルコース、アラビノース、ラムノース等が結合した配糖体として存在しており、経口摂取後、生体消化酵素による分解をほとんど受けず(Hasegawa,H.et al.,Microb.Ecol.Health Dis.,12,85−91,2000)、腸内細菌の働きによりM1並びにM4に加水分解されたのち吸収される(Hasegawa,H.et al.,Planta Medica,62,453−457,1996)。
【0003】
プロトパナキサジオール系サポニンであるところのジンセノサイドRb1、ジンセノサイドRb2、ジンセノサイドRc、並びにジンセノサイドRdが腸内細菌による加水分解を受けてM1になることは、公知の事実(Hasegawa,H.et al.,Planta Medica,62,453−457,1996;Hasegawa,H.et al.,Planta Medica,63,436−440,1997;Akao,T.et al.,J.Pharm.Pharmacol.,50,1155−1160,1998)である。
【0004】
また、プロトパナキサトリオール系サポニンであるところのジンセノサイドRg1並びにジンセノサイドReが腸内細菌による加水分解を受けてM4になることも、公知の事実(Hasegawa,H.et al.,Planta Medica,62,453−457,1996)である。
【0005】
ところが、腸内細菌の構成は個体差が大きいため、サポニンの吸収は個体差や不利益が生じてしまうものと考えられる。事実、本発明者は、腸内細菌のサポニン分解能力が薬効に影響することを、マウスを用いた癌転移実験で明らかにした(Hasegawa,H.et al.,Planta Medica,64,696−700,1998)。さらに、本発明者は、実際ヒトにおいても腸内細菌のサポニン分解能力における個体差が非常に大きいことも確認した(Hasegawa,H.et al.,Planta Medica,63,436−440,1997)。
【0006】
そもそも、腸内細菌は体質並びに食生活の影響を受け易く、したがって、個体差が大きく、さらに民族差に至ってはもっと顕著である。このことが、人参の治療現場で遭遇する薬効の個体差の一因になっていることが容易に想像できる。そこで、本発明者はプレボテラ(Prevotella)属S1菌株(KCCM−10103)を用いてサポニン分解物M1を予め生体外で製造し、腸内細菌による個体差の影響を排除した形で提供することを可能にした(特開平10−99094号公報,韓国特許第0178863号;米国特許第5925537号)。
【0007】
また、M1の製造法として、土壌菌(Yoshioka,I.et at.,Chem.Pharm.Bull.,20,2418−2421,1972)、アスペルギルス ニガー(Aspergillus niger)(神田ら,薬学雑誌,95,246−249,1975)、ラットの腸内細菌(滝野ら,薬用人参‘89(共立出版株式会社)、267,1898)、並びにヒト糞便由来腸内細菌(金岡ら,和漢医薬学雑誌、11,241,1994;Hasegawa,H.et al.,Planta Medica,62,453−457,1996)が産生する酵素を用いた方法が報告されている。
【0008】
その他にもビフィドバクテリウム(Bifidobacterium)属乳酸菌の中に、M1を製造する能力を有する菌株:K−103菌株、K−506菌株、KK−1菌株(KCCM―10364)、並びにKK−2菌株(KCCM―10365)がヒト糞便より分離され、M1の製造法として利用し得る技術が開示されている(Park,S.Y.et al.,Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.,65,1163−1169,2001;Bae,E.A.et al.,Biol.Pharm.Bull.,23,1481−1485,2000;Bae,E.A.et al.,Biol.Pharm.Bull.,25,743−747,2002;特開2003−2384424号;大韓民国特許出願番号第2002−5369号)。
【0009】
一方、M4の製造法としては、アスペルギルス ニガー(神田ら,薬学雑誌,95,246−249,1975)並びにヒト糞便由来腸内細菌(Hasegawa,H.et al.,Planta Medica,62,453−457,1996)の産生する酵素を用いた方法が報告されている。しかし、M4は先行文献(特開平10−99094号公報,韓国特許第0178863号;米国特許第5925537号)に開示されたプレボテラ属S1菌株によっては製造することができない。
【0010】
【解決しようとする課題】
従来の製造法では、使用する微生物の人体への安全性が確立されていないために、サポニン分解物の生成率に問題はないが、副次反応による腸内細菌特有のにおい物質を含めた代謝物の生成があるため、生成したサポニン分解物を培養培地から分離・精製する必要があり、そのまま食用として供給することはできない難点があった。本発明は、上記の課題を解決するために行われたものであり、その目的とするところは、サポニン分解物をサポニン分解微生物及び培養培地を含めた形で食用とし、且つ風味や物性、作業性等に優れた発酵人参を製造することにある。
【0011】
しかし本発明者は、従来食用として供給されている酵母、乳酸菌、ビフィドバクテリウム属細菌等の中に、人参を発酵させると同時にサポニンを分解する能力(以下、「サポニン分解能」という)を有する微生物を鋭意検索した結果、β−グルコシダーゼ、α−アラビノシダーゼ・α−ラムノシダーゼ活性が高い細菌は多いが、サポニン分解能は腸内細菌ほどには高くないことを知った。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく種々の微生物をさらに鋭意検索していたところ、サポニン分解能を有するラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株(FERM BP−10123)を伝統的な発酵食品である漬物から分離することに成功した。そして、当該菌株で人参を発酵させた結果、腸内細菌で発酵させた場合と同程度に発酵物中にサポニン分解物M1並びにM4の生成・蓄積を認めた。しかも、不快な副産物の産生がないために、滅菌処理を施すだけで、サポニン分解物を当該微生物及び培養培地を含めた形で食用として供給できることを見出し、この発明を完成した。
【0013】
すなわち本発明は、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株、並びに当該菌株で人参を発酵して得られる発酵人参であって、当該発酵人参中にサポニン分解物M1並びにM4を含有することを特徴とする発酵人参の製造法を提供するものである。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株(FERM BP−10123)は、人参を発酵させると同時に人参サポニンを加水分解し、サポニン分解物M1並びにM4を生成する能力を有し、その16SリボゾームDNAの全塩基配列がGenBank/EMB/DDBJ国際塩基配列データベースに番号AB126872の下に登録されていることを特徴とする。
【0015】
該菌株の16SリボゾームDNAの塩基配列(GenBank/EMB/DDBJ登録番号AB126872)は、ラクトバチルス パラカゼイ亜種パラカゼイ(Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.paracasei)基準菌株JCM8130Tのそれ(GenBank/EMB/DDBJ登録番号D79212)と最も良い相同性(99.934%)を示した。このことから、当該菌株は、分類学的にはラクトバシラス パラカゼイ亜種パラカゼイに属すると考えられる。しかし、図1に示すように基準菌株JCM8130Tには、ジンセノサイドを加水分解してM1並びにM4を生成する能力は全く認められなかったことから、サポニン分解能における菌株間の個体差が大きいものと推察される。
【0016】
本発明で製造する発酵人参は、発酵人参中にサポニン分解物M1並びにM4を含有するものであり、人参の発酵をラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株(FERM BP−10123)を用いて行ってできる。
【0017】
この発酵は、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を用いる以外は常法により行えばよい。例えば、人参を主成分とする培地を滅菌処理した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を0.5%〜10%程度接種して培養すればよい。その際の条件は、25℃〜37℃で、24時間〜30日間程度培養すればよく、人参の濃度としては、固形分換算で1%〜50%程度がサポニン分解物の生成量の点から好ましい。
【0018】
この培養、発酵にあたり、原料である人参中に各種糖質等、例えば、米糠、ふすま、とうもろこし等であれば1%−30%程度、酵母エキス、麦芽エキス等であれば0.5%〜5%程度添加してもよい。
【0019】
原料として用いる人参は常法により得られるものでよく、例えば、収穫後水洗いしただけのもの、さらに乾燥したもの、あるいは蒸した後乾燥したものであって、それらの未加工物、粉末、あるいは抽出物(エキス)等が挙げられる。
【0020】
また、原料として用いる人参は、主成分としてサポニン類を含む人参(Panax属植物)をいい、好適には、高麗人参(Korean ginseng:Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)、三七人参(Sanchi ginseng:Panax notoginseng (Burk.)F.H.Chen)、アメリカ人参(American ginseng:Panax quinquefolium L.)、竹節人参(Chikusetsu ginseng:Panax japonicus C.A.Meyer)、ヒマラヤ人参(Himalayan ginseng:Panax pseudo−ginseng Wall.subsp.himalaicus Hara)、及びベトナム人参(Vietnamese ginseng:Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。そして、これらの人参は単独で、あるいは組み合わせて用いられ得る。
【0021】
上記のようにして得られた発酵人参は、そのままでも製品とすることもできるが、一般には、風味を上げたり、必要な形状とする等のために種々の成分を添加、配合し、更にフレーバーを添加して最終製品とすることができる。
【0022】
本発明で製造した発酵人参に添加、混合される成分としては、各種糖質や乳化剤、甘味料、酸味料、果汁等が挙げられる。より具体的には、グルコース、シュークロース、フラクトース、蜂蜜等の糖類、ソルビトール、キシリトール、エリスリトール、ラクチトール、パラチニット等の糖アルコール、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセリン糖脂肪酸エステル、レシチン等の乳化剤、が挙げられる。この他にも、ビタミンA、ビタミンB類、ビタミンC、ビタミンE等の各種ビタミン類やハーブエキス、穀物成分、野菜成分、乳成分等を配合しても、優れた風味の発酵人参を得ることができる。
【0023】
また、本発明で製造した発酵人参に添加することのできるフレーバーとしては、ヨーグルト系、ベリー系、オレンジ系、花梨系、シソ系、シトラス系、アップル系、ミント系、グレープ系、ペア、カスタードクリーム、ピーチ、メロン、バナナ、トロピカル、ハーブ系、紅茶、コーヒー系等のフレーバーが挙げられ、これらを1種または2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。フレーバーの添加量は特に限定されないが、風味面から0.05%〜0.5%、特に0.1%〜0.3%程度が好ましい。
【0024】
以上説明した本発明で製造した発酵人参は、固形状、液状等いずれの形態の製品とすることも可能である。
【0025】
【実施例】
次に実施例を挙げ、発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に何ら制約されるものではない。なお、以下の実施例において、サポニン分解物の定性は、本発明者の方法(Planta Medica,62,453−457,1996)に従い、薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)によって行った。
【0026】
まず、発酵人参サンプル約1gを秤量し、これに純水2mLと水飽和n−ブタノール1mLを加え、抽出する。この抽出液を遠心分離(3000rpm,10分間)し、得られた上清2μlをTLC(和光純薬社製シリカゲル70F254)に塗布する。同時に、サポニン分解物M1並びにM4も標準として塗布する。TLCを混合溶媒(クロロフォルム-エタノール,8:1)で展開し、TLCプレートに8%バニリン−メタノール/72%硫酸溶液(1:5体積比)を噴霧した後、加熱(140度,3分)して赤紫色に呈色するスポットを検出する。サポニン分解物M1並びにM4のRf値は、図1に示すようにそれぞれ0.13並びに0.46である。
【0027】
(実施例1:発酵高麗人参末の製造)高麗人参(大韓民国産、乾燥3年根)の粉末200gを精製水1Lに懸濁し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。発酵培地をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、80℃で6時間乾燥し、発酵高麗人参末(170g)を得た。
【0028】
(実施例2:発酵高麗人参根の製造)水1Lに米糠250gと酵母エキス10gを懸濁し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、1週間培養した。そこに水洗した高麗人参根(大韓民国産、新鮮6年根)400gを漬け込み、1ヶ月間発酵させた。発酵人参を裁断し、TLCで分析した結果、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。発酵高麗人参根をかるく水洗して培地を取り除き、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、60℃で3日間乾燥し、乾燥根(43g)を得た。これを細断して食すると、発酵感と適度な酸味が心地よい食品であった。
【0029】
(実施例3:発酵高麗人参エキス末の製造)高麗人参(大韓民国産、4年根)エキス末50g並びに酵母エキス10gを精製水1Lに溶解し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。培養液をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、液温50℃〜55℃で減圧濃縮した後、減圧噴霧乾燥して発酵高麗人参エキス末(46g)を得た。
【0030】
(実施例4:発酵紅参末の製造)紅参(大韓民国、正官庄製)の粉末200gを精製水1Lに懸濁し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。発酵培地をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、80℃で6時間乾燥し、発酵紅参末(165g)を得た。
【0031】
(実施例5:発酵アメリカ人参末の製造)アメリカ人参(カナダ国ブリティシュコロンビア州産、乾燥4年根)の粉末200gを精製水1Lに懸濁し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。発酵培地をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、80℃で6時間乾燥し、発酵アメリカ人参末(160g)を得た。
【0032】
(実施例6:発酵アメリカ人参エキス末の製造)アメリカ人参(カナダ国ブリティシュコロンビア州産、4年根)エキス末50g並びに酵母エキス10gを精製水1Lに溶解し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。培養液をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、液温50℃〜55℃で減圧濃縮した後、減圧噴霧乾燥して発酵高麗人参エキス末(43g)を得た。
【0033】
(実施例7:発酵三七人参末の製造)三七人参(中国雲南省産、乾燥4年根)の粉末200gを精製水1Lに懸濁し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。発酵培地をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、80℃で6時間乾燥し、発酵三七人参末(156g)を得た。
【0034】
(実施例8:発酵竹節人参末の製造)竹節人参(日本国産、乾燥4年根)の粉末200gを精製水1Lに懸濁し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。発酵培地をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、80℃で6時間乾燥し、発酵竹節人参末(176g)を得た。
【0035】
(実施例9:発酵ヒマラヤ人参末の製造)ヒマラヤ人参(ネパール国産、乾燥3年根)の粉末200gを精製水1Lに懸濁し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。発酵培地をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、80℃で6時間乾燥し、発酵ヒマラヤ人参末(155g)を得た。
【0036】
(実施例10:発酵ベトナム人参末の製造)ベトナム人参(ベトナム国産、乾燥5年根)の粉末200gを精製水1Lに懸濁し、高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株を1%接種し、30℃、3週間培養した。発酵培地をTLCで分析し、M1並びにM4の生成を確認した。該発酵物を高圧加熱殺菌(121℃,15分間)した後、80℃で6時間乾燥し、発酵ベトナム人参末(146g)を得た。
【0037】
これらの例からも分かるように、人参をラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株で発酵することによって、サポニン分解物M1並びにM4を含有し、かつ、生成したサポニン分解物を培養培地から分離・精製せずにそのまま食用として供給することが可能な発酵人参を製造できるようになった。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、人参をラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株(FERM BP−10123)で発酵することによって、サポニン分解物20S−プロトパナキサジオール20−O−β−D−グルコピラノサイド(M1)並びに20S−プロトパナキサトリオール(M4)を含有する発酵人参が得られる。また、該菌株の発酵で生成蓄積するサポニン分解物は、精製処理を施さずに、発酵微生物及び培地を含めた形で食用とすることが可能であって、しかも風味、物性、並びに作業性に優れた食品である。したがって、本発明の製造法は極めて有用なものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】人参サポニンを加水分解し、サポニン分解物M1並びにM4を生成する能力に対する、ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株並びにラクトバチルス パラカゼイ亜種パラカゼイ基準菌株JCM8130Tの比較を示すTLCである。
【符号の説明】
STD:サポニン分解物M1並びにM4の標準品
JCM8130T:ラクトバチルス パラカゼイ亜種パラカゼイ基準菌株JCM8130T
LPH:ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a fermented carrot obtained by fermenting ginseng with Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain (FERM BP-10123), and a saponin degradation product, ie, 20S-protopanaxadiol 20 in the fermented carrot. -O-β-D-glucopyranoside (20S-protopanaxadiol 20-O-β-D-glucopyranside) (hereinafter referred to as M1) and (20S-protopanaxatriol) (hereinafter referred to as M4) It provides a manufacturing method for carrots.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Carrots have long been prized as a panacea because of their diverse effects. By the way, ginseng saponin called ginsenoside, which is an active ingredient in ginseng, exists as a glycoside with glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, etc. bound thereto, and after oral ingestion, it is almost decomposed by biological digestive enzymes. (Hasegawa, H. et al., Microb. Ecol. Health Dis., 12, 85-91, 2000), it is hydrolyzed to M1 and M4 by the action of enteric bacteria and then absorbed (Hasegawa, H. et al.). et al., Planta Medica, 62, 453-457, 1996).
[0003]
It is a known fact (Hasegawa, H. et al., Hasegawa, H. et al., That ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb2, ginsenoside Rc, and ginsenoside Rd, which are protopanaxadiol saponins, are hydrolyzed by enterobacteria. Planta Medica, 62, 453-457, 1996; Hasegawa, H. et al., Planta Medica, 63, 436-440, 1997; Akao, T. et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 50, 1155-1160. 1998).
[0004]
It is also known that ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re, which are protopanaxatriol saponins, are hydrolyzed by intestinal bacteria to become M4 (Hasegawa, H. et al., Plant Medica, 62, 453-457, 1996).
[0005]
However, since the composition of intestinal bacteria varies greatly among individuals, it is considered that absorption of saponin causes individual differences and disadvantages. In fact, the present inventors have clarified that the ability of intestinal bacteria to degrade saponin affects the drug efficacy in cancer metastasis experiments using mice (Hasegawa, H. et al., Planta Medica, 64, 696-700). 1998). Furthermore, the present inventor has also confirmed that individual differences in the ability of saponin degradation of enterobacteria are very large even in humans (Hasegawa, H. et al., Planta Medica, 63, 436-440, 1997).
[0006]
In the first place, intestinal bacteria are easily affected by constitution and diet, and therefore, individual differences are large, and even ethnic differences are more prominent. It can be easily imagined that this contributes to the individual differences in medicinal effects encountered in ginseng treatment. Therefore, the present inventor uses the Prevotella genus S1 strain (KCCM-10103) to produce the saponin degradation product M1 in advance in advance and provides it in a form that eliminates the influence of individual differences due to enteric bacteria. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-99094, Korean Patent No. 0178863; US Pat. No. 5,925,537).
[0007]
As methods for producing M1, soil fungi (Yoshioka, I. et at., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 20, 2418-2421, 1972), Aspergillus niger (Kanda et al., Pharmaceutical Journal, 95, 246-249, 1975), rat intestinal bacteria (Takino et al., Ginseng '89 (Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd.), 267, 1898), and human fecal intestinal bacteria (Kanaoka et al., Journal of Japanese-Wan Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11, 241, 1994; Hasegawa, H. et al., Planta Medica, 62, 453-457, 1996) have been reported.
[0008]
Other strains having the ability to produce M1 among lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium: K-103 strain, K-506 strain, KK-1 strain (KCCM-10364), and KK-2 strain (KCCM-10365) is isolated from human feces, and a technique that can be used as a method for producing M1 has been disclosed (Park, SY et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 65, 1163-1169, 2001; Bae, EA et al., Biol.Pharm.Bull., 23, 1481-1485, 2000; Bae, EA et al., Biol.Pharm.Bull., 25, 743-747, 2002; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-2384424; Korean Patent Application No. No. 002-5369).
[0009]
On the other hand, as methods for producing M4, Aspergillus niger (Kanda et al., Pharmaceutical Journal, 95, 246-249, 1975) and human fecal-derived intestinal bacteria (Hasegawa, H. et al., Planta Medica, 62, 453-457). , 1996), and a method using an enzyme produced has been reported. However, M4 cannot be produced by the Prevotella sp. Strain S1 disclosed in the prior literature (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-99094, Korean Patent No. 0178863; US Pat. No. 5,925,537).
[0010]
[Problems to be solved]
In the conventional production method, since the safety of microorganisms to be used to the human body has not been established, there is no problem in the production rate of saponin degradation products, but metabolism including odor substances peculiar to enterobacteria due to side reactions. Since the product is produced, it is necessary to separate and purify the produced saponin degradation product from the culture medium, and there is a problem that it cannot be supplied as it is for food. The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to make the saponin degradation product edible in a form including saponin degrading microorganisms and culture medium, and to improve the flavor, physical properties and work. The purpose is to produce fermented carrots with excellent properties.
[0011]
However, the present inventor has the ability to ferment ginseng and simultaneously decompose saponin (hereinafter referred to as “saponin resolution”) in yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium, etc. that are conventionally supplied for food. As a result of intensive search for microorganisms, it was found that there are many bacteria having high β-glucosidase, α-arabinosidase / α-rhamnosidase activity, but the saponin resolution is not as high as intestinal bacteria.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventor conducted an extensive search for various microorganisms in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain (FERM BP-10123) having saponin-degrading ability was isolated from pickles which are traditional fermented foods. Succeeded in doing. And as a result of fermenting ginseng with the strain, generation and accumulation of saponin degradation products M1 and M4 were recognized in the fermented product as much as when fermented with enteric bacteria. Moreover, since there is no production of unpleasant by-products, it was found that the saponin degradation product can be supplied for food in a form including the microorganism and culture medium only by sterilization, and the present invention has been completed.
[0013]
That is, the present invention is a Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain and fermented ginseng obtained by fermenting ginseng with the strain, wherein the fermented ginseng contains saponin degradation products M1 and M4. A manufacturing method is provided.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain of the present invention (FERM BP-10123) has the ability to ferment ginseng and simultaneously hydrolyze ginseng saponin to produce saponin degradation products M1 and M4, and all the bases of the 16S ribosomal DNA The sequence is registered in the GenBank / EMB / DDBJ international base sequence database under the number AB126872.
[0015]
The base sequence of 16S ribosomal DNA of the strain (GenBank / EMB / DDBJ accession number AB126687) is that of Lactobacillus paracasei subspase paracasei reference strain JCM8130T and GenBankDBDJ79 / EMBDBDEM79 / T It showed the best homology (99.934%). From this, it is considered that the strain belongs to the Lactobacillus paracasei subspecies paracasei taxonomically. However, as shown in FIG. 1, the reference strain JCM8130T did not have any ability to hydrolyze ginsenoside to produce M1 and M4, so it was assumed that there was a large individual difference between strains in saponin resolution. The
[0016]
The fermented carrots produced in the present invention contain saponin degradation products M1 and M4 in the fermented carrots, and can be fermented using Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain (FERM BP-10123).
[0017]
This fermentation may be performed by a conventional method except that Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain is used. For example, after sterilizing a medium containing ginseng as a main component, about 0.5% to 10% of Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain may be inoculated and cultured. The conditions at that time are 25 ° C. to 37 ° C. for about 24 hours to 30 days, and the concentration of carrot is about 1% to 50% in terms of solid content in terms of the amount of saponin degradation products. preferable.
[0018]
In this cultivation and fermentation, various sugars and the like in the raw carrot, such as rice bran, bran and corn, are about 1% to 30%, and yeast extract and malt extract are 0.5% to 5%. About% may be added.
[0019]
The ginseng used as a raw material may be obtained by a conventional method, for example, after washing and after washing, further dried, or dried after steaming, and raw materials, powders or extractions thereof. Thing (extract) etc. are mentioned.
[0020]
Moreover, the ginseng used as a raw material says the ginseng (Panax genus plant) which contains saponins as a main component, Preferably, ginseng (Korean ginseng: Panax ginseng CA.Meyer), 37 ginseng (Sanchi ginseng: Panax notoginseng (Burk.) FH Chen, American ginseng (Panax quinquesedengene L.), Ginseng bamboo ginseng (Panax quinges gen. Wall.subsp.himalaicus Hara) and Vietnamese ginseng (Vietnamese g) nseng:. Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv) or the like include, but are not limited to. These carrots can be used alone or in combination.
[0021]
The fermented carrot obtained as described above can be used as a product as it is, but generally, various ingredients are added and blended in order to increase the flavor or make the required shape. Can be added to the final product.
[0022]
As a component added and mixed with the fermented carrot manufactured by this invention, various saccharides, an emulsifier, a sweetener, a sour agent, fruit juice, etc. are mentioned. More specifically, sugars such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, and honey, sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, lactitol, and palatinit, emulsifiers such as sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerin sugar fatty acid ester, and lecithin are included. . In addition, various flavors such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, and vitamin E, herbal extracts, cereal ingredients, vegetable ingredients, milk ingredients, etc. can be blended to obtain a fermented carrot with excellent flavor. Can do.
[0023]
In addition, the flavors that can be added to the fermented ginseng produced in the present invention include yogurt, berry, orange, quince, perilla, citrus, apple, mint, grape, pair, custard cream Flavors such as peach, melon, banana, tropical, herbal, tea, and coffee can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of flavor added is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.05% to 0.5%, particularly about 0.1% to 0.3% in terms of flavor.
[0024]
The fermented carrot produced by the present invention described above can be made into a product in any form such as solid or liquid.
[0025]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in more detail, this invention is not restrict | limited at all by these Examples. In the following examples, qualification of saponin degradation products was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) according to the method of the present inventors (Planta Medica, 62, 453-457, 1996).
[0026]
First, about 1 g of a fermented carrot sample is weighed, and 2 mL of pure water and 1 mL of water-saturated n-butanol are added to this and extracted. This extract is centrifuged (3000 rpm, 10 minutes), and 2 μl of the obtained supernatant is applied to TLC (silica gel 70F254 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). At the same time, saponin degradation products M1 and M4 are also applied as a standard. TLC was developed with a mixed solvent (chloroform-ethanol, 8: 1), 8% vanillin-methanol / 72% sulfuric acid solution (1: 5 volume ratio) was sprayed on the TLC plate, and then heated (140 degrees, 3 minutes) As a result, a spot colored in magenta is detected. The Rf values of the saponin degradation products M1 and M4 are 0.13 and 0.46, respectively, as shown in FIG.
[0027]
(Example 1: Production of fermented ginseng powder) After 200 g of ginseng powder (produced in Korea, dried three-year root) was suspended in 1 L of purified water and sterilized under high pressure (121 ° C., 15 minutes), Lactobacillus casei 1% of Hasegawa strain was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The fermentation medium was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes) and then dried at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain fermented ginseng powder (170 g).
[0028]
(Example 2: Production of fermented ginseng root) After suspending 250 g of rice bran and 10 g of yeast extract in 1 L of water and sterilizing under high pressure (121 ° C., 15 minutes), inoculated with 1% of Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain, 30 The culture was performed at 0 ° C. for 1 week. 400 g of ginseng root (Korean, fresh 6-year root) washed with water was soaked and fermented for 1 month. As a result of cutting the fermented carrot and analyzing by TLC, production of M1 and M4 was confirmed. The fermented ginseng root was washed with water to remove the medium, sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes), and then dried at 60 ° C. for 3 days to obtain dry root (43 g). When this was chopped and eaten, it was a food with a pleasant fermentation feeling and moderate acidity.
[0029]
(Example 3: Production of fermented ginseng extract powder) After dissolving 50 g of ginseng (Korean, 4-year-old) extract powder and 10 g of yeast extract in 1 L of purified water and sterilizing under high pressure (121 ° C., 15 minutes) 1% of Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The culture broth was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes), concentrated under reduced pressure at a liquid temperature of 50 ° C. to 55 ° C., and then spray-dried under reduced pressure to obtain fermented ginseng extract powder (46 g).
[0030]
(Example 4: Production of fermented red ginseng powder) After 200 g of red ginseng powder (manufactured by Shokansho, Korea) was suspended in 1 L of purified water and sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C, 15 minutes), Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain was 1% was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The fermentation medium was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes) and then dried at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain fermented red ginseng powder (165 g).
[0031]
(Example 5: Production of fermented American ginseng powder) After 200 g of powder of American ginseng (produced in British Columbia, Canada, dried four-year root) was suspended in 1 L of purified water and pasteurized under high pressure and heat (121 ° C, 15 minutes) 1% of Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The fermentation medium was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes) and then dried at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain fermented American ginseng powder (160 g).
[0032]
(Example 6: Production of fermented American ginseng extract powder) 50 g of American ginseng (produced in British Columbia, Canada, 4-year root) and 10 g of yeast extract were dissolved in 1 L of purified water and sterilized under high pressure (121 ° C., 15 Minutes), 1% of Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The culture broth was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes), concentrated under reduced pressure at a liquid temperature of 50 ° C. to 55 ° C., and then spray-dried under reduced pressure to obtain fermented ginseng extract powder (43 g).
[0033]
(Example 7: Production of fermented 37 ginseng powder) After suspending 200 g of ginseng (produced in Yunnan, China, dried 4-year root) in 1 L of purified water and sterilizing under high pressure (121 ° C., 15 minutes) 1% of Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The fermentation medium was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes) and then dried at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain fermented 37 ginseng powder (156 g).
[0034]
(Example 8: Production of fermented bamboo ginseng powder) After 200 g of bamboo ginseng powder (produced in Japan, dried 4-year root) was suspended in 1 L of purified water and pasteurized with high pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes), Lactobacillus casei 1% of Hasegawa strain was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The fermentation medium was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized under high pressure (121 ° C., 15 minutes) and then dried at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain fermented bamboo ginseng powder (176 g).
[0035]
(Example 9: Production of fermented Himalayan ginseng powder) 200 g of Himalayan ginseng powder (produced in Nepal, dried three-year root) was suspended in 1 L of purified water, sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes), and then Lactobacillus casei. 1% of Hasegawa strain was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The fermentation medium was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes) and then dried at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain fermented Himalayan ginseng powder (155 g).
[0036]
(Example 10: Production of fermented Vietnamese ginseng powder) 200 g of powder of Vietnamese ginseng (produced in Vietnam, dried 5-year root) was suspended in 1 L of purified water, pasteurized with high pressure heat (121 ° C, 15 minutes), and then Lactobacillus casei 1% of Hasegawa strain was inoculated and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks. The fermentation medium was analyzed by TLC to confirm the production of M1 and M4. The fermented product was sterilized by high-pressure heat (121 ° C., 15 minutes) and then dried at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain fermented Vietnamese ginseng powder (146 g).
[0037]
As can be seen from these examples, by fermenting ginseng with Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain, it contains saponin degradation products M1 and M4, and the produced saponin degradation product is left as it is without separation and purification from the culture medium. Fermented carrots that can be supplied for food use can now be produced.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, ginseng is fermented with Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain (FERM BP-10123) to produce a saponin degradation product 20S-protopanaxadiol 20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (M1) and Fermented ginseng containing 20S-protopanaxatriol (M4) is obtained. In addition, the saponin degradation product produced and accumulated by fermentation of the strain can be edible in a form including fermented microorganisms and culture medium without being subjected to purification treatment, and in addition to flavor, physical properties, and workability. Excellent food. Therefore, the production method of the present invention is extremely useful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a TLC showing a comparison of Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp.
[Explanation of symbols]
STD: Standard product of saponin degradation products M1 and M4 JCM8130T: Lactobacillus paracasei subspecies paracasei reference strain JCM8130T
LPH: Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain

Claims (2)

人参(ginseng)をラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株(FERM BP−10123)により発酵して得られる発酵人参であって、当該発酵人参中にサポニン分解物、すなわち、20S−プロトパナキサジオール20−O−β−D−グルコピラノサイド並びに20S−プロトパナキサトリオールを含有することを特徴とする発酵人参の製造法。A fermented carrot obtained by fermenting ginseng with Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain (FERM BP-10123), and a saponin degradation product, ie, 20S-protopanaxadiol 20-O-β, in the fermented carrot. A method for producing fermented ginseng, comprising -D-glucopyranoside and 20S-protopanaxatriol. 人参を発酵させると同時にサポニンを分解する能力を有する微生物ラクトバチルス カゼイ ハセガワ菌株(FERM BP−10123)。A microorganism Lactobacillus casei Hasegawa strain (FERM BP-10123) having the ability to ferment ginseng and simultaneously decompose saponins.
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